Isiseko: UmGaqo-siseko neSindululo saMalungelo

UMgaqo-siseko, owabhaliswa ngowe-1787, waseka isiseko samalungelo abantu eMelika. Nangona ekuqaleni wasilela ukuchaza amalungelo abo bonke abemi, yaseka imigaqo esisiseko eyayiza kubangela ukuba kubekho inkqubela-mva, abalayishi bomGaqo-siseko badala inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela kunye nesakhiwo sesizwe esivumela igunya lorhulumente kunye nelolawulo lomntu ngamnye. Noko ke, uxwebhu lokuqala lwaluqulethe ulwahluleko oluqhubekayo lokungabikho kobulungisa, kuquka ukonakalisa okuthi kuquke abantu abathathu abakwizifa-fith, ababala abantu abakhotyo njengabathathu bomntu obekelwe irhafu nenjongo yokumela, kunye neFogitive Slavice Claus, nto leyo eyayifuna ukuba kubuyelwe amakhoboka abehlambile kubaphathi bawo. Aba babonakalisa ukwahlukana okunzulu kokungalawuleni kwemfazwe ye-Ovinite.

IBhili yamaLungelo, eyagunyaziswa ngowe-1791, yongeza inkxaso engqalileyo kumGaqo-siseko, kuquka inkululeko yokuthetha, ukushicilela, kunye nendibano; ilungelo lokuphatha izixhobo; ukukhusela ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula; nelungelo lokulunga kwiinkqubo zomthetho. UMthetho Wokuqala Wokwenziwa, ngokukodwa, wabeka isiseko samalungelo amaninzi abantu anokulandela, ukulungiselela ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lokuqhankcatha, indibano, kunye nokubonakaliswa kwamalungelo okungavumelaniyo. UBhili-malungelo ekuqaleni asebenza kurhulumente wesizwe kuphela, hayi kumaphondo, ithetha ukuba urhulumente umele aqhubeke emisela le nkululeko. Lo mcimbi wommiselo uyaqhubeka umba oyintloko de umgaqo-nkqubo we-14 wokulawula uchazwa ukuba usebenzise ukhuseleko oluninzi lwezi meko kwimo-yoMgalelo-yokunyaka ukuya kwimfundiso.

UmGaqo-siseko kunye neBhili yamaLungelo yayizimpumelelo ezibalaseleyo ngexesha labo, kodwa zazingajongwanga njengeencwadi ezinamacala apheleleyo ezikhusela bonke abantu baseMerika ngokulinganayo. Abafazi, amaMelika, amaMelika, nabaninizo abangengobasemthethweni bakhutshwa kakhulu kumalungelo namalungelo abatshayeli ababefuna ukukhusela. Ulwimi lomGaqo-siseko, nokokuba, lwangqine luthambe ngokwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuquka iinkcazelo ezibanzi zamalungelo nenkululeko. Iinjongo zokusungula intelekelelo yokumisela okusesikweni, ukuqinisekisa uxolo lwasekhaya, nokukhuthaza intlalo-ntle yasekuhlaleni yaba ziindawo ezikhuthaza iintshukumo zamva. Isiseko sala maxwebhu sasingagqitywangagqitywanga sisiqalo kodwa ingongoma yengxoxo eqhubekayo ethetha oko kuthethwa ngamalungelo kwaye ekufaneleyo.

Uhlaziyo: IXesha Elitsha

Emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya, iUnited States yafumana iinguqu eziphawulekayo ngokudlula kweMpanziswa ye-13, ye-14, neye-15, idibene neMimiselo yoLawulo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Reconstruction. Ezi zindululo zazenzelwe ukuchitha izibonelelo ezisemthethweni zobukhoboka nokuseka inkqubo entsha yokulingana nobumi. Ixesha lokuguqulwa kolawulo lwe-propati ukususela ngo-1865 ukuya ku-1877, yayiyenye yeenguqulelo ezinkulu zentlalo kunye nezopolitiko, njengoko uhlanga lwaluzama ukuphinda lwamakhe uMzantsi kwaye lumalunga nezigidi ezine zaseAfrika ezisandul ’ ukukhululwa kwilizwe lezobupolitika kunye nobomi belizwe.

ISichibiyelo se-13 seSindululo, esagunyaziswa ngo-1865, saphelisa ubukhoboka nobukhoboka obungafunwayo ngaphandle kokuba kungenxa yesohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kuchasene nokusesikweni kwakuza kusetyenziswa ngamagunya asemthethweni aqeshweyo kunye namaqela angoomatyathanga, awanyanzela ama-Afrika atsha ngenkani ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kwesohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho. UMthetho we-mthetho we-Phondo we-14, owagunyaziswa ngo-1868, wanika bonke abantu abazelwe okanye abadaliweyo isohlwayo isohlwayo sobuhlanga, yaye loo nto yaqinisekisa ukuba bakhuselwe imigaqo elinganayo phantsi komthetho. Le mithetho inguqumrhululo ingulo yayiza kusetyenziswa ekusebenziseni amalungelo eRoll of Rights kwiimeko ze-15, eyagunyaziswa ngo-187079, eyalela ukucholwa kocalu hlobo, i-caluvo, okanye imeko yangaphambili, nangona ingasandisanga ukhuthumelo kukhuselwa nakuhlulo nakulo naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi na

Ezi zindululo zaphawula ukutshintshwa okubalulekileyo kwibutho lamaMelika, ukubekwa kwesiseko sokuphuhliswa kwamalungelo abantu kwixesha elizayo. Noko ke, isithembiso sokubuyiselwa kwakhona sathotywa msinyane kunyuko lwemithetho kaJim Crow, iiKhowudi ezimnyama, kunye nokucinezelwa kwemigaqo yequmrhu eliphakamileyo. Iisigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo kwiNdlu yeNdlu ePhakamileyo (1873), iUnited States ukuvalela i-Cruikshankn (1876), kunye ne-Civinic Rights Cases (1883) zibeke umlinganiselo onzima we-Reconsoles, kunye nolawulo olucwangcisiweyo, ngokunempumelelo zivumela amazwe ukuba alondoloze i-livential e-franchine, aphele ngo-18777, eyaphela umkhosi wolawulo lwe-Afrika kunye nolunikezelo lolawulo olumhlophe lwe-Amerikademist. Iincwadi zahlala ngokuneyokulwa kwemithetho yawo, ngokobumthetho owenziwa ngogonyamelo, kunye nomthetho-Admond, ngokugqithis.

IQumrhu lamaLungelo laBami: 1950 ukuya kuma1960

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwavela ukunyuka kweNtlanganiso yamaLungelo e-Civil, umzabalazo omkhulu wokulungisa intlalo okhokelwa ngamanani afana noMartin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, noMalcolm X. Le nkqubo yayingelulo ugqabhuko ngesiquphe kodwa yayiyincopho yamashumi eminyaka yokulungiselela, iimfazwe ezisemthethweni, kunye nezotyaniswe ngamaqumrhu. IBroadn eeat commentalitivement. Intlangano kazwelonke eqhubela phambili abantu abamnyama kwizakhiwo zeecawa, iikholeji, umanyano, kunye nemibutho yoluntu eqeqeshiweyo eqelelelene ngaphaya koMzantsi noMzantsi Afrika.

Iziganeko ezingundoqo zeNtlanganiso yamaLungelo e-Civil ziquka iMontgomery Busbott yowe-1956, eyacell ’ umngeni ukumiselwa kwe-interrony kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke yaza yamisa uMartin Luther King Jr. kudumo lwesizwe. UCottcott wahlala iintsuku ezingama- 381 kwaye waphela ngeNkundla ePhakamileyo elawula ukuba iibhasi ezingekho mthethweni zazingavumelani. Inkululeko yowe-1961 yacela iliza elingena emkhosini lomkhosini kwimilo yokulwa nesidlo sangaphakathi eMazalisa eMzantsi, ikhokelela ekusungulweni kweKomiti ye-Ofish Coudinating Coudinating Coodin Coeting (SC). Inkululeko yowebo yowe-1961 ephikisayo kwii-amabhasi zaseState, kunye nabakhweli behlali bejongene uhlaselo lwesizwe. Ngowewewe1966666, isondeza i-O i-Olike i-Rogno yeNst" yeNst pro

Iqumrhu eliphumelele kwimiqathango yowiso-mthetho ephawulekayo, kuquka noMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1964, owenqabela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe emsebenzini, iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke, kunye neenkqubo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente. Oku kwalandelwa nguMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1965, owawunenjongo yokuphelisa imiqobo yokuvota abantu baseAfrika, kuquka iimvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala, iirhafu, neminye imisebenzi yokurhoxisa irhafu. I-Rhovernment Act ka-196569 igqalwa ngokuba ngowona mgaqo osebenzayo wemithetho yamalungelo abantu embali eMelika, nto leyo eyathimba ikhuthaza ukhuthutho lwemali lwe-Rpolance, uRokitalation, i-mali, kunye nokuxhasa i-mali.

Ezi ziganeko zazibalulekile ekukhuliseni ukuphaphela nokunyanzelisa utshintsho lwemithetho oluza kukhusela amalungelo abantu bonke baseMerika. Le nkqubo yabonisa amandla esenzo esingenabugrogrisi sokwenza iinguqulelo zezobupolitika, kodwa kwakhona yajamelana nenkcaso ekrakra, kuquka ingcinezelo enogonyamelo, ulawulo lukarhulumente, nokubulawa kweenkokeli ezingundoqo. Ilifa leZiko lamaLungelo elikwiziko lowiso-mthetho elilithile elalivelisayo; yaguqula indlela abantu baseMerika abaqonda ngayo ubumi, ukulingana, nokusesikweni, kwaye yanika umzekelo wemibutho eyalandelayo yokutshintsha intlalo.

Imfazwe Iyaqhubeka: Ngowe - 1970 ukusa kowe - 1990

Amashumi eminyaka emva kweNkqutyana yamaLungelo yangaphakathi yabona inkqubela kunye nokungavumelani, njengoko ilizwe lalizamana nentsingiselo yokulingana ekusebenzeni. Iminyaka yee-1970 yazisa ingqalelo entsha kwimibandela yokuvuma, ukusetyenziswa kwetyala lesikolo, nokudibana kwesizwe nobuhlwempu. Isiseko somthetho esimiswe yi-Civil Rights Act kunye noMthetho wamaLungelo wamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko wanika izixhobo zokuqhubeka kobuhlanga, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho yetyala leNkuNkundla ePhakamileyo yaze iqhutywe. Ityala eliPhakamileyo leNkundla yowe-1978 leYunivesithi yaseCalifornia v. Bakke wathetha ngokuvala inyathelo elithe kratya kwimfundo ephezulu, elawula ukuba amanani e-voluntluntluntwini kodwa anokugqalwa njengefek'ilo olunye kwizimvo ezigqithile. Esi sigqibo samiselwayo sobuhlanga phakathi kwezenzo ezininzi sokuzibo esiyekelelayo.

Umbutho wamalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo waphumelela kakhulu kweli xesha, lafikelela kwisiphumo esiphezulu kuMthetho weMerika oneziphene wowe-1990, owalela ukucalucalulwa kwabantu abaneziphene emsebenzini, kwiindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke, ezothutho, kunye nonxibelelwano. Lo mbutho wasebenzisa iindlela kunye namaqhinga asemthethweni ePovil Rights Movement, ukuchaza ukukhubazeka njengembambano yamalungelo abantu kunokuba ibe yingxaki yezonyango. Kwangowe-1990 kwabonwa ukuba kukho ingqwalasela ekhulayo kwimibandela yokulungisa imekobume, njengoko amaqela amaqela emibala alungelelaniswe ngokuchasene neendawo eziyingozi zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kunye nemizi - mveliso engcolisa imimandla yawo.

Noko ke, eli xesha langqinelana nempumelelo ephawulekayo yamalungelo abantu. Iinkqubo zolawulo lukaReagan zanciphisa inkxaso-mali yokunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu zaza zasusa incoko yezopolitiko kwimibutho yezakhiwo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yakhupha uthotho lwezigqibo ezathi zanciphisa umlinganiselo wemithetho yamalungelo abantu, kuquka amatyala okuthintela ukuvuma nokuyenza ibe nzima ukungqina ukuba ucalucalulo-calulo lwemisebenzi. Ulwaphulo-mthetho luka-mthetho luka-19959 kunye nemfazwe yeziyobisi zakhokelela ekuboshweni kwabantu abaninzi ngokungenakuthelekiswa namaqela amalungelo abantu asekuhlaleni, isenza imingeni emitsha yamalungelo abantu. Unyaka wama-1970 ukuya kowama-1990 ibonise ukuba ulo ngokomthetho kuphela alunanele ukufikelela umgangatho opheleleyo wokulingana; umgangatho wezentlalo, wezoqoqosho, kunye neenguqulo lwezopolitiko.

Iimbambano Zamalungelo Amakhaya Anamhlanje

Ngoxa kuye kwenziwa inkqubela ebalulekileyo, imiba yamalungelo abantu yale mihla iyaqhubeka icel ’ umngeni ibutho labantu. IBlack Lives Matter, eyasekwa ngo-2013 emva kokulahlwa kukaGeorge Zimmerman ngokubulawa kwe-Traevon Martin, ijolise ingqalelo kwinkohlakalo yamapolisa, ukukhuthaza ubuhlanga kunye nobuhlanga kwinkqubo yokulawula inkqubo yobungangamsha. Umbutho uye wasebenzisa unxibelelwano lwezentlalo kunye nocwangciso olufanelekileyo lokuququluqela ukulwa kwemilo ukuqulunqanda kulo lonke ilizwe nehlabathi, ingakumbi emva kokubulawa kukaMichael Brown, u-Eric, uGeorge Garner, u-Floyd, noBreyna Tay Tayloy. Umbutho uqhubele phambili utshintsho lwenkqubo yezomthetho, kuquka utshintsho lwamapolisa, uqingqobhahlolo lwenene okanye urhwebo lwemali olusebucala lokhuseleko loluntu, kunye norhwebo lwendawo olulunyusongezo lwendawo.

Ukunyanzelisa iLGBTQ+ amalungelo akhokelela kwiimeko eziphawulekayo zomthetho, kuquka isigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo yonyaka ka-2015 kwiObergefell v. Hodges, eyayalela ukubhalisa umtshato ongokwakwasemthethweni kwilizwe lonke. UMthetho we-Editurety, oya kuthintela ucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesondo, ubufana, kwimisebenzi, kwizindlu zoluntu, nakwezinye iindawo zokuhlala, kunye nezinye iindawo, zihlala kwindawo zikawonke-wonke. Amalungelo e-Transgender aye aba yinkcaso ekhethekileyo ye-dvoccantry nenkcaso, ngokungena empilweni, ngokungena kumakhaya, ukuthatha inxaxheba, nokuqwalaliswa okusemthethweni kweempawu zobufana nesini. Unqamlezo lwe-LGBQ+ lungamalungelo oluntu, udidi, unqulo luye lwanda ngokuba ngumzinziswano womsebenzi.

Imibutho yokulingana kwabantu abalinganayo iyaqhubeka ithetha ngemiba enjengesibhaka-bhaxa somsantsa wesini, amalungelo okuzala, kunye nocalucalulo emsebenzini. Umbutho weMeToo, owafumana amandla ngo-2017, wabhenca ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini nokuhlaselwa kwemiba ebanzi kwemizini kulo lonke ushishino kwaye wabangela ukuba kuqhutywe incoko ebanzi ngegunya, imvume, kunye nokuphendula. Imfazwe yokuzala ikhule, ingakumbi ngesigqibo seNkuNkundla ePhakamileyo yama-20222 kwiDobs v. IQumrhu Looqonga Lezempilo Labesifazane, eladiba uRoebbbv. Wade lazazaza ukuphelisa umgaqo-mgaqo-siseko wokukhupha ukuqhomfa. Esi sigqibo siye saqhubela phambili idabiso kwimithetho yokumisela izivumelwano zokuvelisa inzala yomthetho kwaye sikhuthaza imigudu emitsha ekufuneka inze inze impumelelo yokuvelisa ukuvelisa ukuvelisa ukuvelisa inzala.

Ukunika amalungelo amalungelo kuseyingxaki yamalungelo abantu ehlala ingumsebenzi onyanzelisayo kwinkulungwane yama-21. Kwisigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yowama-2013 kwiShelby County v. Ibamba laphelisa imigaqo engundoqo yoMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1965, kuquka inkqubo yokumisa ukuba ngawaphi amazwe nawaphi na amaphondo anembali yocalulo, kufuneka afumane imvume karhulumente phambi kokutshintsha imithetho yokuvota. Kumva kwesi sigqibo, amazwe amaninzi agqithisa imithetho eyenza kube nzima ukuvota, kuquka iimfuno ezingqongqo ze-ID, ezicuthe ngqo iimfuno zokuvota, kunye nokucima iincwadi ezikhutshwayo zovoti. UJohn Vo Lewis uMthetho wokuphuhlisa amalungelo oMvelileyo, obizwa ngokuba ngumfanekiso ongoongowokubuyisela nokuqinisa ukukhusela amalungelo abantu, ukuzimisela kokukhusela nokukhusela amalungelo abo balapho.

Indima Yemfundo Nobuchule

Imfundo inendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni amalungelo abantu nokukhuthaza ukuqondana phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo. Ukufundiswa ngembali yamalungelo abantu kunika abafundi amandla okubandakanyeka kwimigudu yokusesikweni nokuqonda ukuba imfazwe iqhubeka. Imfundo enxulumene namalungelo abantu ingaphaya kwengxelo esezantsi yamaqhawe kunye neziganeko eziphambili zokuhlola ukungalingani, indima yokuyila, nokudibanisa imicimbi yembali kunye neyamaqumrhu akhoyo. [Organisations [orgations] njengenkqubo yamaLungelo esesikweni [ ibonelela abafundisi-zorhwebo ukuba bafake amalungelo embali kwizifundo zabo zemfundo, bagxininise ukucingelana kwenkcukuthelo, ukucingelana ingcukuthene nentlalo yoluntu.

Ukukhuthaza imfundo yamalungelo abantu esikolweni kunganyusa ukuphaphela kokungekho sikweni kwembali okuqhubeka nokubumba iimeko ezikhoyo. Oku kuquka kungekuphela nje iMbutho yaMalungelo e-Civil yoo-1950 nawo 1960 kodwa kwakhona ukulwa kwangaphambili njengembutho yokuphelisa, umbutho wamabhinqa, ukulungelelanisa amalungelo abasebenzi, kunye nokulwela ulawulo lwe-Native America. Imfundo ephumelelayo yamalungelo oluntu idibanisa le ntshukumo yembali neziganeko zangoku, inceda abafundi baqonde ukuba ukulwela ukulingana akugqitywanga sahluko sembali kodwa inkqubo eqhubekayo. Inkqubo yoMthetho woLuntu woLuntu woLuntu woLuntu oluNxulu lululo ibonelela abahlohli bolawulo lwezemfundo yoLuntu olunelo lwamaMelikaneyo [Foffral:1]

Ukucinga ngokugxeka iziganeko zangoku kunceda abafundi banxibelelane nemiqobo yangaphambili ukuze bafumane iinkonzo ezikhoyo. Iingxoxo ezimalunga nokusingatha ityala lamapolisa, inkqubo yokufuduka, ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho, namalungelo okuvota zinokusekelwa ekuqondeni indlela ezi zinto eziye zachazwa ngayo ngokwembali. Iinkqubo zokufundisa inkonzo, ukulungelelanisa ulutsha, namanyathelo awenziwa ngubafundi anokuba ngamava asebenzisekayo ekuquququzelweni kwezentlalo-ntle kunye nokukhutshwa kwengxuba evulekileyo ngemibandela edidabangxwaye. Izikolo ezikhuthaza ukuphuhlisa iimbono zabo apho abafundi banokuvelisa khona iimbono zabo ngokweembono ezahlukeneyo.

Ukukhuthaza uvelwano nokuqonda phakathi kwabafundi abasuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo kukhuthaza imeko-bume equka abantu abahlala kuyo. Iindlela zemfundo ezigxininisa ukuvela kwembono, ulwazelelelo lwembali, kunye nempembelelo yabantu kwimigaqo kunye noqheliselo zinokubanceda abafundi baqonde ngokunzulu ukungalingani nokungabi nabulungisa. Imbali exhobisa u-Fundo no-Ourses yintlangano enika abafundisi-masko okwenzela abafundisi uphando ukuze bahlolisise iimeko zembali zocalucalulo, ucalucalulo, kunye nokhetho lokuziphatha. Ngokufundisa izizukulwana ezizayo ngembali kunye neengxaki eziqhubekayo zamalungelo abantu, sinokukhuthaza inkqubela kwi-ethematika kunye nokusesikweni.

ISizwe i-LGBTQ+ IMpawu yoMsebenzi woMsebenzi wezeNtlalo neMidlalo yoMsebenzi weSizwe iYandisa nangaphezulu kokufundiswa ngokwezemfundo, ukuququzelela, ukuququzelela, nokuzibandakanya kwezomthetho, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko. Iintlangano ezinjenge-American Civil Liberéries Union, iNaACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, kunye neNational LGBTQ + IRhulumente yoMkhosi woMsebenzi woKhuselo woMsebenzi woKhuselo wezentlalo, ukwandisa amalungelo abantu ngokuzingcibisa, ukungenelwa, nokukhuthaza ubuchule boluntu. Ii-Gesroot zoluntu kwimishoni yomgangatho wasekuhlaleni zimele zibe nemicimbi elungele ukuphendula imicimbi yamapolisa, ukuhlalwa kweze nemithetho-mthetho yezentenga.

Uhambo Oluqhubekayo

Indaleko yamalungelo abantu eUnited States luhambo oluqhubekayo oluphawulwa lulololo nocelomngeni. Ukusukela kumGaqo-siseko ukuya kwimibutho yale mihla, ukulwela ukulingana kuyaqhubeka kubumba uhlanga ngeendlela ezinzulu. Imbali ayivumelani nokusesikweni ngokwayo; ifuna umgudu oqhubekayo, ukuncama, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamaqela ajongeneyo abantu abambelele kwingcamango yokuba bonke abantu bafanelwe ngamalungelo alinganayo nesidima phantsi komthetho. Ukuqonda imeko yamalungelo abantu kubalulekile kwinkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo, njengoko ityhila zombini icebo eliye lasebenza kunye nemiqobo eqhubekayo.

Isenzo sobuGcisa nemfundo zisebalulekile ekusingatheni imiba yamalungelo abantu yangoku. Ukoyisa okusemthethweni kwixesha elidluleyo kunika izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokulwa nokuzibulala, kodwa azizibulali. Kufuneka uphakamiso lukhusele kwaye lunyanzeleke ukunyanzelisa amalungelo akhoyo, kwaye kufuneka iindlela ezintsha zokucombulula iingxaki ezifana nemfihlo yamanani, ukuchanabeka kwemithetho-algoric, kunye nokukhukuliseka kwemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi. Umlo wamalungelo abantu besoloko usoloko usiba nenzala eninzi, yaye isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka sifumane indlela yaso yokuxhasa umlo. Ilifa le mizabalazo yangaphambili lixhoko entsha yokukhuthaza izizukulwana ezintsha ukuba zilwe ngobulungisa nokulingana, zibone imodeli yoomatshini bokulungelelanisa kunye nokukhunjulwa kwezimali ezibandayo.

Njengoko siqwalasela olu hambo, kucacile ukuba ukusukela amalungelo abemi akuyombali nje kuphela kodwa kusisicelo sokusebenza kubo bonke abemi. Umsebenzi wokwakha i-odola esesikweni nelinganayo ufuna ukudibana okuqhubekayo kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukusuka kulwalamano lobuqu kunye nemibutho yoluntu ukuya kumaphulo ezobupolitika kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. i-American Liberetion Union kunye neNaACP] iNaCP Ukhuselo lwezokhuselo lwezomthetho [[ iyaqhubeka iyimibutho ebalulekileyo kulo msebenzi, inika ubuchule obusemthethweni kunye nokungagunyaziswa kwemicimbi yamalungelo abantu. Indaleko ayiqhubeki ingumgxube inguquze ixakeke kwimibango yemiqathango yezo mithetho yezomthetho, kwaye iyaqhubeka isenza umsebenzi wayo wonke umsebenzi. Kodwa ke ayigqibi nakugqibanga nakugqibanga kumsebenzi.

Ikamva lamalungelo abantu liya kuxhomekeka kwindlela esisabela ngayo kwiingxaki zakutshanje, kuquka ukunyuka kokungalingani kwezoqoqosho, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukutshintsha kwamanani abantu, kunye nokuhlasela kwamaziko edemokhrasi. Le mingeni iyadityaniswa, kwaye ukuyithetha ngokunempumelelo kuza kufuna ukubonwa okubanzi kwamalungelo abantu abandakanya intlalo, izoqoqosho, kunye nokusesikweni. Intshukumo zangaphambili ziya kusifundisa ukuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka xa abantu behlela, besakha iminqophiso, kwaye beqhubeka bejamelene nenkcaso. Imbali yamalungelo abantu eMerika ingqinelana namandla abantu abaqhelekileyo okwenza iinguqulelo engaqhelekanga, kwaye iyisikhumbuzo sokuba ukulwela okusesikweni akugqibekanga kwaye kubalulekile.