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Ukwazisa: Ilizwe Elifuduswayo Lezobunqolobi Bale Mihla

Ukhuseleko lwehlabathi luguquke ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-21. Iindlela zobunqolobi, ukwakhiwa kwentlangano, kunye neentshukumisa zengqondo ziye zavela ngendlela ezimbalwa iingcali ezithe zayixela kwangaphambili. Kubafundi, abafundisi, kunye neengcaphephe zokhuseleko ngokufanayo, ukuqonda indlela eziye zayitshintsha ngayo imigaqo yokulwa nezobuphekula kule minyaka ingamashumi eminyaka, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda imeko yangoku yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iimo zemfazwe yamazwe neyamazwe. Le ngxelo idala yemfazwe yelizwe elinorhulumente iye yanikezela indlela yokulwa kwemfazwe, apho abadlali abangachaziyo basebenzisa kakubi ubugcisa behlabathi, ukuhamba nokutshabalalisa imekobume yezobupolitika ukuze babangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ekuphenduleni okulandelayo, oorhulumente baye bathatha inyathelo elifanelekileyo lokuhlasela umkhosi woluntu. Eli nqaku lihlola ukutshintsha okuphambili kweenguqu-endaleko kwiinkqubo ze-grometicsting kwinkulungwane 21 zexesha elizayo.

Utshintsho loMsebenzi weNkqubo

Ukuhlasela okulungelelanisiweyo ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, kwamela ixesha elithe gqi kukhuseleko lwehlabathi lonke. Akukho siganeko sangaphambili okanye ukususela ngoko siye salungisa indlela amazwe acinga ngayo kwaye alwa ngayo ubugrogrisi. Kwiziphumo ezikhawulezileyo, amazwe alo lonke ihlabathi asungula imiqathango emitsha yokhuseleko, emininzi yayo esakhoyo namhlanje. I-United States yasungula oko kwathi kwaziwa njengemfazwe ye-Terrorgy, iphulo elibanzi nelingenasiphelo elijongene nelinguAl-Qaeda, iinkqu zabo, kunye namanye amaqela anjenge-ISSIS. Eli xesha laphawulwa ngolwando olukhawulezileyo lwegunya, ulwando olunzima lomkhosi, kunye nokulungelelaniswa komthetho obalulekileyo emhlabeni wonke.

Ubuntlola obunyusiweyo kunye neMiqathango yoMkhuhlane

Oorhulumente bakhawuleza bahambela ukwandisa ufikelelo namandla amaqumrhu obuntlola. EUnited States, ukudlula kwe-USA PATRIOT Act kwanika amagunya ulawulo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lokufikelela kunxibelelwano lobuqu, iingxelo zemali, kunye ne-data yamanani. Umthetho ofanayo wavela kwi-United Kingdom, Canada, e-Australia, nase-Australia, nakulo lonke elaseYurophu. Iinkqubo ezifana neNational Security Agency (NA) ingqokelela yemidathatham-m-metam-m-m-mthem-m-m-mthetho-m-m-m-m-m-m-mthe yaba ngamalungu aphantsi kwengxoxo enkulu, ingakumbi emva kokutyhilwa kwemicimbiso yemilo enzima ekuqaleni kowama 2010. Ngexesha lokungathandabuzeki, imibuzo enzima, phakathi kwenkululeko nenkululeko, kunye nenkululeko ende.

Ukungenelela komkhosi kunye nemisebenzi ejoliswe kuyo

Umlinganiselo womkhosi wasemva kwemfazwe yonyaka ka-9/11 elwisana nobunqolobi wakhawulezileza kwaye wafikelela kude. Ukuhlasela kwe-Afghanistan ngo-Oktobha 2001 kwakujolise ekusahluleni ikhusi elikhuselekileyo le-Al-Qaeda kwaye kususa ulawulo lweTaliban olwalugqume iinkokeli zayo. Oku kwalandelwa yimfazwe yase-Iraq ngo 2003, eyayigwetyelwa kwimimandla eyahlukileyo, yaba ngumphakathi kwiphulo lokulwa kwezonophelo lobuphembelela-mthetho. [FLT] Ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ze-atrobian, okanye ii-drobias, ukubulala abanqolobi kwavela kumazwe aqhelekileyo kuvela kwimibutho e-US, i-Rhomea, kunye nokuhlasela kwe-drobi ye-Rhoverse. [FLD:1] Ukusetyenziswa kobugrowa kwemin, okanye iingozi ezintsha, kwabethi, iingozi zokubulala i-Rhomoniansburg, kunye neziphenti, zamazwe zamazwe, zalene, zabonisa ukusetyenziswa kwemi

Ukukhuselwa kokhuseleko lwasekhaya

Phambi kwekhaya, amazwe aphinda aphinda adibanisa izixhobo zawo zokhuseleko. IUnited States yenza iSebe loKhuseleko lwasekhaya, idibanisa amasebe angama-22 karhulumente ajolise kwisebe elinye ekuthinteleni uhlaselo, ekukhuseleni izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, nasekulawuleni imigudu yokuphendula. Ukhuseleko lwesikhululo senqwelo-moya lwabekwa phantsi kolawulo lokhuseleko lwezokhuseleko (TSA), kwaye ezi nkqubo zokhuseleko zaba zinzima kakhulu. Izizwe ngezizwe, i-Malifeal Action Task Force (FATF) ingqongqo yemithetho engqongqo kwimali egawulwayo kunye nemali yabanqolobi, ngoxa i-InPOL yaqinisa isiseko sawo sogcino-mlondolo lwazo lwezo zezobutloko. [[FL:]] Ezi zizenze iinguqulo ezi zihlala zihlelile kude leenqanawa zemfazwe, ezithene-ebarbickissss.[FF1]

Ukwanda Kobunqolobi Basekhaya Nabenzi Bobulolo

Kunokuba amazwe aseNtshona ajongene namaqela angaphandle alungelelanisiweyo, aye ajamelana namayelenqe amaninzi akhulayo aqhutywa ziingcamango ezigabadelayo kodwa aqhutywa ngabantu okanye ziiseli ezincinane ezinxibelelana ngokungqalileyo neentlangano zabanqolobi. Eli xesha lafuna ukuba amaziko okhuseleko aphinde alungelelanise iindlela zawo, adlulele ngapha kwedabi nakwiindawo, izikolo, nakumaziko akwi - Internet.

Ukuya Kunonobangela Wokungakhathalelwa Kogqirha

Uhlaselo olubangelwa ngabantu abasebenza bodwa okanye bebodwa, bencinane, bezenza nzima kakhulu ukuxela nokukhusela. Ibhombu zaseLondon zonyaka wama-2005, ukudubula kweFort Hood, kunye nokudubula kwebhombu kwangonyaka ka-2013 iBoston Marathon kwabonisa ubunyani obutsha: abahlaseli abaninzi babengenawo umyalelo kunye nolawulo oluthe ngqo kunye namaqela amagrogrisi asunguliweyo. Endaweni yoko, bachatshazelwa nge-progracties ye-intanethi, unxibelelwano lwezentlalo-ntle, i-mediographids, kunye nezikhalazo zobuqu. Oku kunyanzela abameli bobulumko ukuba bajonge izinto zokwenene zemidlalo yamanye amazwe ukuze bajonge abantu bamakhaya, intshukumo yokuziphendukuhla kwemi, ukuphenduzisa ungenelo lwezo lwezo zengqondo.

Iimodeli zemithetho yokuziphatha nomanyano loLuntu

Eqonda ukuba ukunyanzeliswa komthetho akunakukwazi ukuqwalasela zonke izisongelo, amazwe amaninzi aphuhlise iinkqubo zokubophelela uluntu. Kulo Mzantsi Merika, iqhinga lokuthintela laba negalelo eliphambili lokulwa nobuphekula, ukukhuthaza abafundisi- ntsapho, abasebenzi bezonyango, kunye neenkokeli zoluntu ukuxela abantu ababonisa iimpawu zokubekwa phambili. EUnited States, iSebe leMicimbi yeSigqibo soLuntu "Ukukhuthaza Ukuthembeka" inyathelo lokuqala lokukhuthaza ingxoxo phakathi komthetho kunye namaSilamsi asekuhlaleni. Le nkqubo ijolise ekwakheni ukuthemba, qokelel ubulumko basekuhlaleni, kunye nokunika abantu ezinye iindlela eziyingozi. Noko ke, kwakhona bajamelana nokugxekwa ngenxa yokuhlazisa intloniphozo zonke iingingo zemozulu. [FLT]

Phakathi: Ukulwa nokugqibelela, Izisongelo Zesityhi, neISIS Phenomenon

Ukuvela kweLizwe lamaSilamsi eIraq neSyria (ISIS) malunga no-2014 kwamela isigaba esitsha nesiyingozi kwindaleko yobugrogrisi. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Al-Qaeda, eyasebenza njengenethwekhi yomsholoshe, i-ISIS, yalawula umatshini wobugcisa ontsonkothileyo, kunye nohlaselo oluphefumlelweyo lwehlabathi lonke kusetyenziswa imithombo yezentlalo-ntle. Oku kwanyanzelela ukuphinda kuhlaziywa kwecebo lokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho kwimimandla emininzi.

Ukwenziwa kwento echaseneyo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kojikelezo

Nge-ISSIS abalwa nabaxhasi abasuka kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100, imfazwe yokulwa nobugrogrisi yatshintshela ngokuphawulekayo kwimimandla yengqondo neyingcali yengqondo. Oorhulumente bafaka kakhulu iinkqubo zokufumana amanani [[FLT: 0] ezixhobisa ukudibana kwemibutho yoluntu enzelwe ukukhusela abantu ukuba bangangeni kwimibutho engaqhelekanga. La manyathelo athathe iinkalo ezininzi: i-intanethi ephikisa iprojekthi ephikisayo, iinkqubo zemfundo ezisezikolweni ezikhuthaza ukucingela ukucinezelelwa nokunyamezelana, kunye nokungenelwa kwebutho labantu abanikela uqeqesho, ukululeka, nokuxhasa inkxaso. Amanye amazwe, ingakumbi eScandinavia nakuMbindini, kwakhona aphuhlisa iinkqubo zokulungisa iinkqubo ezithe kratyayo ezitheneyo [[FLD:3] ezithenwayo, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo zobugrogridiothe, ezisetyenziswa namaqela eepoliti, kunye nooggropotoogxutyi, asetyenziswa ekungeneni ekungeneni, yaye e

Ukhuseleko kunye nedabi lamanani

Usetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo lwemigangatho yezentlalo-ntle efana neTwitter, iFacebook, kunye neTelegram yokusasaza iingcamango zobugqhinga, abalandeli abaqeqeshi, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwanyanzelisa ukugxininisa okutsha kwi-computersective. amaqela ee-trishoris aba ngamaqela aqala ukusungula iindlela zokuhlola ii-nkqubo zobuntlola, ayenza kube nzima ukuqwalasela unxibelelwano lwawo. [[FLT] [FLT] [1] ekuphenduleni, oorhulumente banyanzele iinkampani zobugcisa ukunikezela ngolwazi olufihlakeleyo, imfuneko eyabangela ukuba ingxoxo eshushu ngokhuseleko logcino-lwazi nokhuseleko lwesizwe. Amaziko omthetho aphuhlisasungula uphando olutsha, kuquka uphando lwezingcingo-ntlalo-mfo, kunye nokuhlola kwe-mathematiketheneyonga amaqela ombane asebenzisa ulawulo lweziko-mathengiso lweziko lweziko lweziko.

Indima Yezibhengezo Zezosasazo Zentlalo

Ulwalamano phakathi kweenkampani zezentlalo-ntle kunye nemigudu yokulwa nobugrogrisi lwaba yinkqubo ephambili yolawulo lwezoburhulumente ngexesha. Phantsi koxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke, amaqonga anjenge-Facebook, i-Twitter, kunye no-YouTube baqalisa ukuvelisa iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zokuphelisa nokususa okungalawulekiyo. I-Internet yehlabathi yoNyaka yokuHlutha ubuGrogrisi (GIFCT), esungulwe ngo-2017, ihlanganise iinkampani ezinkulu zobugcisa, oorhulumente, nemibutho yoluntu ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi kunye nemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yolwaneliseko. Ngexesha le migudu yenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba abagrogribi bagcine ubukho obubonakalayo kwikhompyutha, kwakhona baphakamisa inkxalabo ngenkululeko, ukuhlola iingxoxo zobucala, kunye namandla obuqu boogqaliselelo lwentlalo-ogqaliselelo loluntu.

Ekupheleni kowama-2020: Umhlaba wePost îsis nokunyuka kobuNcedo

Ukoyiswa komkhosi we-ISIS kummandla wolawulo lwelizwe ngo-2019 akuzange kuphawule ukuphela kwesisongelo sabagrogrisi. Endaweni yoko, kwakhokelela ekuhlakazeni abalwayo kunye nabangqinelani babuyela kumazwe abo asekhaya okanye kwiindawo ezintsha ezilwayo. Kwangaxeshanye, uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwesisongelo esinempembelelo egqithisileyo lwaqalisa ukufuna ingqalelo: ukunyusa kwasekunene, okumhlophe okulwayo, kunye nogonyamelo oluchasene norhulumente lwanda kumazwe amaninzi.

Ukuphenjelelwa Zizisongelo Nocelomngeni Lokubuyela Kumajoni

Njengoko uISSIS ephulukana nomhlaba wakhe, amawaka abalwa bamanye amazwe kunye namalungu entsapho yabo bagcinwa kwiinkampu zase-Syria nase-Iraq. Imikhosi yajamelana nombuzo onzima wendlela yokuphatha aba bantu (ukuba baphinde bababeke esichengeni, babamangalele, okanye babashiye endaweni yayo. Abo babuyela kumazwe abo babefuna uhlolo olunzima, ukuxilongwa, kwaye kwezinye iimeko baququzelele ukuhlaselwa. Ucelomngeni lwabalase imiqathango yemikhosi echaseneyo: ukoyisa iqela lemfazwe alizange liziphelise izikhalazo ezikhoyo okanye imibutho ekwakulwayo. Okwangoku, i-ISSISTES e-Afrika, eAsia, kunye ne-Sahel yaqhubeka isebenza kwaye yandisa ingcuba kwiimeko zokulwa.

Ukungenelela Kwendlela Yokukhupha Intliziyo Elungileyo Njengesoyikiso Esikhulu

Mhlawumbi olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwimeko-ntle yolu tshaba ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-2020 kunye no-2020 lwaba lubalasele olukhulayo [u- oluthe tyaba . Uhlaselo eChristchudical, New Zealand (209); El Paso, Texas (209); iHanau, i-Jamani, i-Buffalo, i-New York [2020222])) yabonisa ukuba umkhosi omhlophe onamandla wokutsala i-supremacistry kunye nowe-imimgrantswana zinokuba yingozi njengamaqela ajongeneemisebenzi yobuSilam. [FLT. Oku kuphuhliswa nokunyanzelwa kobukrele kunye nomthetho ukuvavanywa kwemiqatha kwemipu, kwasetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa nangamaqela alungileyo, ngokunjalo, ngokusetyenziswa yimeko oluqhelekileyo, kunye noluvondo olunamandla.[FLD.]

Ukulungisa Izinto Eziza Kuqala Esisongelo

EUnited States, iSebe loKhuseleko lwasekhaya neFBI laqalisa ukukhupha izilumkiso ezicwangcisiweyo malunga nesisongelo esiphezulu esivela kulwandiso olubangelwa bubuhlanga. EYurophu, amazwe amaninzi ahlaziyile iindlela zawo zokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho ngokucacileyo aquke intlukwano ezifanelekileyo. utshintsho olufunekayo kungekuphela nje iinguqu ezisebenzayo kodwa kwanoluvo lwemeko zentlalo kunye nezopolitiko ezithi ziphelise ipetroli kwimiba yenkcaso. Ukudiza kwezoqoqosho ukudiza ipenteko, ukurhoxiswa, kunye nokurhoxiswa kokuthemba kwentlalo-ntlalo-ntle kwaqondwa njengoonobangela abantu ukuba baqhutyele abantu kugonyamelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bamkele iingcamango ezithile. [[FLT]

Utyekelo Lwakutshanje: Ukungahambi Kwendawo, Ubugcisa Nentsebenziswano Yezizwe Ngezizwe

Kwinqanaba lakutshanje lobunqolobi obuchaseneyo, ukugxininiswa kuye kwaqhubela phambili ekudibaniseni, ekudibaniseni ugcino-lwazi, nasekufikeleleni kwentsebenziswano. Ukuntsonkotha kokusingqongileyo kufuna ukuba kungabikho lizwe okanye umbutho omnye onokuphumelela yedwa. Iinqanawa zonxibelelwano, ubugcisa, ukwabelana, kunye nezicwangciso zobuxhakaxhaka zizenze eziqhelekileyo.

Izichazi-data eziqhubela phambili, i-Al kunye neZixhobo zokuxela kwangaphambili

Oorhulumente bafaka imali eninzi kwi-data enalytics, ubuchule obungeyonyani, kunye nokufunda ngomatshini ukuphucula uphando lwezisongelo kunye nolwabelo lwezibonelelo. Ii-algorithm zobupolisa zihlalutya iipatroli ezikhoyo kwintengiso yemali, intsebenziswano, kunye nesimilo se-intanethi ukuze bachaze abantu abanokuba semngciphekweni wokuzichachanaba okanye ukuhlasela. [[FLT]] ezi zixhobo zithembisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zichane ngakumbi uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kunezi nkcukacha, kodwa zikwaneengozi ezinkulu zobuqhetseko nempazamo.[[FLT] Abagxeki bezixhobo ze-slgoriths zinokukhuthaza ukubakho kwekhethelo olukhoyo, izixhoba ezitheneyo ngokungenwa koovimba bobuphenguluko.

Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke kunye nemisebenzi yesakhelo

Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe iye yakhula ngokubalulekileyo. Iziko elifana linikezela ngeqonga kwimigudu yobuchule bokwenene, imisebenzi edityanisiweyo, kunye nokwakha amandla kumazwe aneenkqubo zokhuseleko ezibuthathaka obuncinci. NATO idibanisa ubugrobha obuphikisanayo kwiinkonzo zayo ezingundoqo, kuquka imikhosi engundoqo yokuqeqesha iqabane kunye nokufak' isandla kwimigudu yokuxhobisana. Imeko yeqela lezizwe lokusebenza kwemithetho yezizwe I-UTY] yenze i-Ofit-Trorists [[[FLT:]] ilungele izicwangciso zomhlaba, inika uncedo lobugcisa, kwaye ijonge ukuvumelana neendibano zayo ezithelekisa ubugrozi. [FLD:6] Imeko ekwabelana nezenzo zobugrogriki ze-oknvini ezitheneyo.[FFF]

Izixhobo zesakhelo ezisemthethweni neziqhelekileyo kwimo yengozi etshintshayo

Njengoko izixhobo zokulwa nobuphekula ziqhubeka, ukunqanda okusemthethweni nokusesikweni ekusetyenzisweni kwazo kuye kwabaluleka kakhulu. Iinkundla ehlabathini jikelele ziye zalwa namandla okuhlola angaphaya komhlaba, zifuna imvume, ulawulo lobulungisa, kunye nokutshona kwelanga kwemiqathango yexesha likaxakeka. Ingxoxo yokuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo iyaqhubeka, ngaphandle kwesigqibo esilula phakathi kweengenelo zokhuseleko zobuchophelo kunye namalungelo ayimfihlo abemi. Imibutho yamalungelo abantu iye yawangqina amatyala okuthuthunjiswa, ukuvalelwa ngokweengxengxenge, kunye nokubulala okugqithisileyo egameni lokulwa kobugrogrisi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ibangele ukuphendula okukhulu. Ukuvavanywa kolawulo-lawulo-melo kuhlala kuluncedo nxamnye nobugqwayingqwayingqwayingqwayi bengabani benzela ngaphandle kokuzinikela imilinganiselo yabo kwimiqatha neentshaba. [FLT: 1]

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo: Iingozi Eziza Kuvela Nemibuzo Engaphendulwanga

Xa ukhangela phambili, utyekelo oluninzi lusenokuyila isizukulwana esilandelayo senkqubo yokulwa nobunqolobi.

Ubuntlola Obenziweyo Nogqatso Lwezixhobo Ngobuchule Bobunqolobi

Njengoko i-Al iba luncedo ngakumbi, amaqela abanqolobi asenokuyisebenzisa ukuvelisa iingcamango ezeyisayo, ukuchaza uphando lwezibonelelo ezimandundu, okanye kwanezixhobo ezizimeleyo. ubugcisa obufanayo obunceda abameli bokhuseleko baxele kwangaphambili uhlaselo bungasetyenziswa nangabatshaba ukubhaqwa. Oorhulumente baqalisa ukutyala uphando lwe-AIA, iinkqubo zokuphuhlisa ezinokukwazi ukuchaza nokuchasana kwe-ICO-generated diffion kunye nee-bat. Izithethe zezizwe ngezizwe ezingqonge nokusetyenziswa kwe-Albhamps ziseluselusana, kwaye ezichasene nomthetho-Grobianism ziya kuba ngumzekelo obalulekileyo wovavanyo lwendlela yokusetyenziswa kwale mithetho.

Ubuchule Bokuphila, Ukwazi Amanani Nento Efihlakeleyo

Uphando lobukho babantu, uhlalutyo, kunye nezinye iteknoloji zobuchwephesha be-biometric ziyasetyenziswa ngokukhula emideni, kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, nakuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho. Iprojekthi ziphikisa ukuba i-biomimetrics zingabalula abantu abafunekayo kwaye zithintele ukuhamba phantsi kobunzululwazi bobuxoki. Abagxeki] balumkisa ngokujongwa kwabantu abaninzi, ubusela, nokudalwa kwamanani asisigxili kwiindawo ezimisa umthetho. I-Ia Act nemithetho ecetyikisiweyo ye-European Union ecetyikiselweyo kunye nemimiselo efanayo kwezinye iindawo ingabeka imida kobubugcisa bobu bugcisa bobuxoki, kodwa uxinezeleko oluphakathi kokhuseleko kunye buqu luza kuba lukhulu.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu, Ukungqubana Kwezinto Eziziimveliso Nezinto Ezintsha

Uphando olukhulayo lubonisa ukuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu kusenokusebenza njengesisongelo, kusenokwandisa iimeko ezinokukhokelela kulwando nogonyamelo. Isithuthi, ukunganqabiseki kokudla, kunye nokushenxiswa komhlaba kusenokuphazamisa imimandla ebuthathaka, kudala uxinzelelo olunokusetyenziswa ngabanqolobi. Ummandla weSahel Afrika, apho utshintsho lwemozulu lunyusa ukhuphiswano lomhlaba namanzi, lubone ukwanda komsebenzi oyingozi. Iinkqubo zexesha elizayo zokulwa nophuhliso lobuGrobethi zisenokufuna ukudibanisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu, uphuhliso ntlalo, ukuphuhlisa, kunye namanyathelo okukhusela.

Ubugcisa kunye nokutshintsha

Ngo-2030, ulutsha oluninzi kwiindawo zaseAfrika nakuMbindi Mpuma luza kudibana nokungaqeshwa kakhulu namathuba alinganiselweyo, okunokwenzeka ukuba kuveliswe umhlaba otyebileyo wokufumana iinguqu zamaqela angaqhelekanga. kwangaxeshanye, ukwanda kwama-drones, 3D ushicilelo, kunye nenzululwazi yebhayoloji edaliweyo ingenza imiqobo enzima ekuhlaseleni iintlalo. iingcali zenkqubo yobuphembeleko sele zifunda indlela yokulawula ukuvela kobugcisa ngaphandle kokunqanda ukusungula iprojekthi, kwaye nendlela yokufundisa abaselula ukuxhathisa iinguqu-tetho ye-intanethi nangaphandle kwe-intanethi.

Isiphelo: Ukuzivumelanisa Nesisongelo Esitshintsha Ngokucokisekileyo

Indaleko yamaqhinga okulwa nezenzo zobuphekula kwinkulungwane yama-21 ibonisa imeko engapheliyo yokuzinza. Ukusukela kulwando olukhulu lomkhosi namalungelo abantu emva ko-9/11, ngokugxininisa okukhulayo ekudibaneni kwemiqathango ye-intanethi kunye nezobugrafini, ekugxininisweni kwangoku kugcino-lwazi kunye nokudibana kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, isigaba ngasinye siye sasabela kwiingxaki ezintsha ngoxa sidala iingxubusho ezintsha ngokhuseleko, ubuqu, namalungelo abantu. Ezona zisebenzayo namhlanje zidibaniselwano mkhosi kunye nomthetho kunye nezixhobo zokubophelela uluntu, imfundo, kunye nokuzinikela ekulawuleni umthetho ngaphandle kokuzikhusela. Akukho nto iziphumo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhoyo. kubafundi nakulwazi oluntsonkozwayo oluntsonkothileyo, imbali esoloko ibalulekile kwimbali eqhubekayo yentlalo-yokubandakanye yezo zehlabathi lonke.