Ukusuka Kubabukeli Ukuya Kukusetyenziswa Kwendlela Eqhelekileyo Yogcino - lwazi: Umthetho Onyanzelisayo

Ibali lonyanzelo lomthetho aliyonto ilula ukusuka ekuphathweni kobulungisa ukuya kumsebenzi wobupolisa. Libali elibunjwe kukuphuhlisa kwemisebenzi, isiphithiphithi sezobupolitika, imibutho yamalungelo abantu, kunye nokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kobugcisa. Kubafundisi-mfundo nabafundi abafunda ngobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuqonda le ngxelo yembali kubalulekile. Ichaza isizathu sokuba amasebe amapolisa asebenzisa indlela asebenza ngayo namhlanje, kutheni ezinye izenzo zibangela impikiswano, kwaye kutheni iinguqu zinengxelo ebhaliweyo yempumelelo. Eli nqaku libonisa uhambo olusuka kumsebenzi wakudala wempucuko ukuya kwimodeli ye-data-driven, imizekelo eqwalaselulweyo yenkulungwane engamashumi amabini anesihlanu, intloko yokujika kwazo kunye neziphumo zazo ezihlala zikho kwiMelika kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwehlabathi jikelele.

Imvelaphi Enzulu Yemithetho Elawulayo

Inkqubo yolungelelwano yamandulo

Ngaphambi kokuba amapolisa abekho, ugcino locwangco yayingumsebenzi woluntu olwabelweneyo. KwiYiputa yamandulo, i- imedjay yayingumkhosi womkhosi othatyathwe ngabalobi baseNubian. Babesebenza njengeembaleki zasentlango, amagosa amangcwaba, kwaye ekugqibeleni babeluhlobo lwamapolisa esizwe phantsi koFaro. Indima yabo yayikukukhusela iimpahla zikarhulumente njengoko yayiyiyo ekunyanzeleni imithetho phakathi kwabemi. Ingakumbi i-Athens, ingakumbi i-Scythian Archers [ -- umkhosi wesizwe ophethe umkhosi wesihlwele nezigebenga. Ezimodeli zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziqhutywa yintsebenzi yolawulo lweqela labantu abalawulayo.

UBukhosi baseRoma baphuhlisa izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Phantsi kukaAgasti, iCortes Urbanae (iiqela) zasebenza njengesixeko esigada iRoma, ngelixa iPraeteorian Guard[] ukhusela umlawuli. uxande lomlilo [ udityaniswe nemisebenzi yobusuku, idala imodeli yokuqala yomsebenzi kamasipala. Ezi zidipo zamaRoma — iiyunithi ezikhethekileyo, iidipo ezicacileyo zomyalelo, kunye neembopheleleko ezichaziweyo zelizwe — iprojekti ze-protoass eYurophu.

Isiseko se Anglo- Saxon: Inkqubo yeFrankpledge

Kumaxesha aphakathi eNgilani, inkqubo ye- ejikajiweyo yayifuna ukuba wonke umntu okhululekileyo afunge ukufungisa umkhosi woxolo lukakumkani. Amaqela eentsapho ezilishumi (ezibizwa ngezishumi) ayenoxanduva lwehambo yelungu ngalinye. Ukuba ilungu ngalinye lenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, amanye ayemele aphumeze ukuvavanywa okanye ahlawule okulungileyo. Le nkqubo yenza umthetho unyanzelo lwendawo, uluntu, kunokuba ube ngumsebenzi wesizwe. Yasebenza kakuhle kwimizana emincinane, i-amaquanne kodwa yaphuka njengeedolophana enkulu nengenagama.

AmaXesha Aphakathi Nokuvela Kwegunya Elimiselweyo

Njengoko inkqubo yengingqi yayiqiniswa, imbopheleleko yokunyanzeliswa komthetho yaya kubaphathi bengingqi. Inkosi yomphathi yayinegunya lokubamba nokubohlwaya izaphuli-mthetho kumazwe akhe. Kwidolophu nakwizixeko, isithsaba esinyuliweyo sabaphathi-mthetho [ (isuka ku "reeve") ukuqokelela iirhafu, ukunyanzelisa imithetho, nokugcina intolongo yengingqi. Indawo ye-sherifti ihlala ilelinye yeendima ezindala zokugcinwa komthetho kwimbali yaseNtshona.

Ezinye iindima ezimbini eziphambili zavela ngeli xesha:

  • [[FLT: 0] Umgada osebenzayo: Idolophana ezikwaziyo ukuncedisa amade eeyure ezijikelezayo, ukuhamba kwezitrato ngelaphu kwaye ubiza iiyure. Abalindi babengenalo uqeqesho olusesikweni negunya elincinane ngaphandle kokuphakamisa umbala kwaye bekhala ukuba bathe bafumana ingxaki. Ukuphumelela kwabo kwakuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuphaphameni kwamatsha - ntliziyo angaqeqeshwanga.
  • IKontable: emiselwe kumgangatho wecawa, amapolisa asebenza njengegosa eliphambili lomthetho kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Baphumeza imvume, baqokelela irhafu, kwaye banyanzelisa imithetho yasekuhlaleni. Ngokungafaniyo nabaphathi-mikhosi, abaphathi-majoni babengahlawulwa yaye ngokufuthi babemathidala ukukhonza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungasebenzini ngokuguquguqukayo.

Le nkqubo yokulungisa izithuthi — abaphathi, amapolisa kunye nabalindi — ayizange itshintshe de kwayinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. Yayingenazintsebenziswano, ingakwazi ukuqhubana kakuhle nokunganyaniseki. Njengoko izixeko zazisanda ngexesha leNguquko Yezakhamizi, lo mzekelo wamaxesha aphakathi wabonakala ungenakukwazi ukusingatha ulwaphulo - mthetho nesiphithiphithi.

Ukuzalwa Kwepolitiki Yanamhlanje: Imigaqo Yemilinganiselo YasePeelian Namapolisa AseMetropolitan

Ithuba eliye lazinziswa ekunyanzelweni komthetho kwimbali yomthetho ngo1829, xa unobhala wasekhaya waseBritane uMnumzana uRobert Peel walusa iMetropolitan Police Act kwiPalamente. Isiphumo saba yiLondon Metropolitan politan police — egqalwa ngokubanzi njengomkhosi wokuqala wangoku, ongochwepheshe, oxhaswa ekuhleni. UPeel wasungula imigaqo esithoba esekelwe kwingcamango yobupolisa:

  • Eyona nto iphambili kumsebenzi wamapolisa kukuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho nesiphithiphithi.
  • Ubuchule bamapolisa bokwenza imisebenzi yabo buxhomekeke ekuvunyweni nguwonke-wonke.
  • Amapolisa amele aqinisekise ukuba abantu basebenzisane ngokuzithandela ekuthobeleni umthetho ngokuzithandela.
  • Iqondo lentsebenziswano liyancipha njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunyuka.
  • Amapolisa afuna aze alondoloze inkoliso kawonke wonke kungekhona ngokuvumela uluvo lukawonke wonke kodwa ngokubonakalisa inkonzo engakhethi buso.
  • Amapolisa asebenzisa amandla kuphela xa engakwazi ukuncenga, ukucebisa nokulumkisa.
  • Amapolisa amele alondoloze ulwalamano noluntu olubonisa ukuba imbali yembali yesithethe sokuba amapolisa ngabemi boluntu yaye uluntu lungamapolisa.
  • Amapolisa afanele anyanzelise imigudu yawo ngokungqongqo kwimisebenzi yawo kwaye angathathi nxaxheba kwisebe lejaji.
  • Uvavanyo lokusebenza kakuhle kwamapolisa kukungabikho kolwaphulo - mthetho nokuphazamiseka, kungekhona ubungqina obubonakalayo besenzo samapolisa.

Le migaqo yagxininisa ukunqanda okugqibekileyo ngokubonelela, imvume yasekuhlaleni ngokunyanzelwa, kunye umkhosi onzima [ njengendawo yokuziphendulela. Abaphathi benqanawa — ababizwa ngokuba "iibbees" — babefaka iiyunifomu eziluhlaza ezikhethekileyo kwaye bethwele i-script kuphela. Babengavumelekanga ukuphatha imipu, isithethe esiqhubeka eBritishisebenza namhlanje. Imodeli yangqine ukuba izixeko ngaphaya kweUnited States, Canada, kunye ne-Australia emkele iinkqubo ezifanayo.

EUnited States, amasebe amapolisa okuqala alungelelanisiweyo avela eBoston (1838), eNew York (1845), nasePhiladelphia (1854). La masebe angaphambili aseMerika aboleka kakhulu kwimodeli yePeelian kodwa ayivumelanisa kwimeko-bume ehloniphekileyo, ephenjelelwa ngokwezobupolitika. Iintloko zamapolisa zaseMerika zasebenza ngokuyolisa oosodolophu kunye noomatshini bezobupolitika, ngokufuthi ezazirhweba imisebenzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukunyaniseka kwezobupolitika. Oku kwabangela ingxabangxwabangxwaba enzima norhwaphithi ngorhwebeko noxanduva oluza kuthatha iminyaka engaphezulu kwenkulungwane ukuya kuthethwa.

Utshintsho lwamashumi amabini aneshumi elinesibini: Ubugcisa, ubuchule kunye neTurmoil

Inkulungwane yamashumi amabini yazisa imikhosi emithathu eguqulayo kumthetho: ubugcisa bezehlo, ukwenziwa libelulo, kunye ne yengxaki yentlalo-ntle. Amandla ngamanye aguqula indlela amapolisa asebenza ngayo nendlela abantu abaqonda ngayo.

Iibhaso zobugcisa

  • Unomathotholo wesiXhosa sesibini: Ngeminyaka yee1930, iinqwelo-mafutha ezijikelezayo ezixhotyiswe ngoonomathotholo abavumele abathumeli ukuba balathise abaphathi-mikhosi kwiziganeko zexesha lokwenene. Oku kuncitshiswa ngokuphawulekayo kwaza kwasuswa amapolisa ukusuka kumkhosi weenyawo ukuya kugada we-injini. Isiphumo esingacwangciswanga sancitshiswa i-comnity admine.
  • [[NTL:0] I-Telephone kunye ne-911 Inkqubo: Ukuboniswa kwenkqubo yemfonomfono yexesha likaxakeka kusembindini wokunika ingxelo nokuthumela, kodwa kwaza kwadala imodeli esebenzayo apho amapolisa asabelayo kunxulumano olufowunayo kunokuba asebenze.
  • Inzululwazi ye-FOLT: ukudlulisela iminwe (oovulindlela ngu-Skotlani Yard ngo1901) kunye nohlalutyo lweDNA kamva kwanika abaphengululi izixhobo ezinamandla ukufanisa abakrokrele ngenzululwazi. Ugcino-lwazi lweminwe yeFBI yesizwe, eyamiselwa ngo1924, yaba lilungu lembombo lokwahlula ulwaphulo-mthetho.
  • Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zoshicilelo oluzinzileyo: ikhompyutha yenza ukuba ukuqokelelwa nohlalutyo lwengqokelela yeengqokelela yezibalo zolwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindlela zogcino-lwazi ezifana ne-COMPSTAT, esisiXeko saseNew York esamkelwa ngowe-1990 ukujolisa kulwaphulo-mthetho olushushu.

Iqela Lokwandiswa Kwamagcisa

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, abaguquli abafana uAugust Vollmer (inkoliso yamapolisa eBerkeley, eKhalifoniya) baqhubela kwimigangatho yemfundo ephakamileyo, iindlela zenzululwazi, kunye nokususwa kwempembelelo yezobupolitika kwi-polishi. UVollmer wasungula izifundo zekholeji zabaphathi, ii-injini, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwaphulo-mthetho. iprotégégé, .W.Wilson[[FLT]], waba yidean yocwangciso lwezifundo ze-liforist yabaphathi bephondo lwaseKlifornian kwaye kamva kwintloko yeSebe laseChicago. Wilson's' incwadi ye-1950 yencwadi ye-Pulce Administration, igxininisa uqeqesho lomkhosi wezomkhosi, kunye nomyalelo we-omatiko-mbini.

Le modeli yobuchule yaphucula uqeqesho kunye nokuncitshiswa korhwaphilizo, kodwa yadala umgama phakathi kwamapolisa nabantu abahlala kunye. Amagosa aqeqeshelwa ukuba abe ngabanyanzelisi bomthetho abangakhethi buso, hayi izinyibilikisi zeengxaki eziqaliswe kwimimandla engqongileyo. Isisiphumo esingacwangciswanga yaba yisimo sokungathembani noluntu, ingakumbi kuluntu oluncinane.

IXesha Lokufumana Amalungelo Asekuhlaleni Nemiphumo Yalo

Iminyaka yee-1960 neyee-1970 ibhenca iintambo ezinzulu zobupolisa baseMerika. Inkohlakalo yamapolisa ngokuchasene nabaqhankqalazi bamalungelo abantu, ababanjwa kumabonwakude, uvunguvumo lukawonke-wonke. IKhomishini yeKerner (1968) iphanda ngeziphithiphithi zezixeko ezicatshuliweyo ezicatshuliweyo zobuhlanga kunye namapolisa anamandla njengezizathu ezingundoqo. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, umthetho wesizwe wanxibelelanisa inkxaso-mali kwiinguqu, kuquka iLaw Enforcement Application Administration.

Iinguqu ezingundoqo ziqukiwe:

  • Ukudalwa kweebhodi zokuhlola ezingezizo ezemveli ukuze kuphandwe ukuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa.
  • Imimiselo evumela umanyano efuna amasebe ukuba amkele imigaqo-nkqubo yonyanzelo kunye noqokelelo logcino-lwazi.
  • Ukuqeshwa kwamagosa aphezulu abantu abambalwa.
  • Amagosa agunyazisa amalungelo amiselwe ukukhusela abarhanelwayo xa bencinwa.

Phezu kwazo nje ezi nguqulelo, iingxwabangxwaba zaqhubeka zikho ngenxa yobhubhani wecrack cocaine woo1980 noweminyaka yee-1990, xa iindlela zobupolisa ezinobundlobongela zandisa ukubanjwa kwengingqi ezincinane. Ukubethwa kukaRodney King ngamapolisa aseLos Angeles ngo1991 — kunye nezidubedube ezalandelayo xa amagosa ekhululwa — zabonisa ukuba umsantsa phakathi kwamapolisa nabantu.

Izenzo Zangoku: Izithethe, Ubugcisa, kunye Neempendulo Ezikhethekileyo

Izithethe Zasekuhlaleni Njengentanda - bulumko

Namhlanje, intanda-bulumko elawula ukugcinwa komthetho waseMerika yiyo yomthetho wobupolisa obukwi-. Le modeli igxininisa ubudlelane, ukutshintsha kwengxaki, kunye nokutshintsha kwentlangano. Amagosa abelwa kwimimandla ethile kumaxesha okwandisa iintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni, ukusebenza namashishini asekuhlaleni, kunye nokusebenzisana neenkonzo zoluntu. Injongo kukuhamba ngaphaya kokusabela nokuhlangabezana neemeko eziphantsi ezibangela ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Uphando nge-politiki yoluntu lubonisa iziphumo ezidibeneyo. I-meta-analysis yeCampbell Coltanustic yafumanisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwamapolisa ebutho loluntu kuphucula ulwaneliseko lwabemi kwaye kunciphisa uloyiko lolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa impumelelo yalo kwimilinganiselo yolwaphulo-mthetho ithoba. Impumelelo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwisigqibo sokwenyaniso sokhokelo, oovimba abaneleyo, nokuzibophelela ngokuqhubekayo — kungekhona nje intlanganiso enye yeholo yedolophu okanye intlanganiso evenkileni.

Ikhamera yomzimba kunye nogcino-lwazi olubonisa ngaphaya

Akukho sixhobo sobugcisa esiye saguqula ukuphendula kwamapolisa ngokukhawuleza kuneekhamera zomzimba ezi-. Emva koqhankqalazo lonyaka ka-2014 e-Fogson, Missouri, urhulumente wezwe waxhasa ukuba kusetyenziswe iikhamera zomzimba jikelele. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iikhamera zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesantya ngeli-30% nangabemi ngezikhalazo ezilinganayo. Noko ke, zikwanyusa inkxalabo yangasese kumaxhoba kunye nabameli, kwaye ukuphumelela kwazo kuxhomekeke kwimigaqo ecacileyo elawula xa kubhalwa naxa kungena enyawo.

Ugcino-lwazi ngoku luqhuba ulwabelo lwezibonelelo kumasebe amaninzi. i-software ekhuphisanayo isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lwembali lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuxela kwangaphambili apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokwenzeka khona, ivumela abaphathi-mikhosi ukuba bamisele iipalike ngokusebenza. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi le ndlela ingaqinisa iipatroli zokubanjwa ezinekwayo, idala iirhintyela ezijolise kwimida yexhoba. i-Right Corporation ifunde ngoqikelelo oluthekileyo, bengatsho ukuba impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke kubunjani bogcino-lwazi bolwazi kunye nokubonakala kokukhanya kwemithetho-algoriver.

Impilo Yengqondo Neengxaki

Amagosa amapolisa ngoku asebenza njengeede compompostions kuqala kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba 10% yamavava eemeko zamapolisa abandakanya umntu ogula kakhulu ngengqondo. Ekuphenduleni, amasebe amaninzi aye amkela i- INternetic Iqela le-CIT iqeqesha, enika amagosa aneziphatho zonyango lwengqondo, nolwazi lwezinto zobomi basekuhlaleni, kunye neeqhinga zokucheba abantu ukuba baphathwele kunokuba bagqunywe. IMemfisitha, iTenessee, yaqalisa ukuvelisa imodeli yeCIT ngo 1988, kwaye ukususela oko yasasazeka kumasebe angaphezu kwama-700, kulelo entlanithiweyo. Uphando lubonisa ukucuthatha ukubanjwa kwabantu ngezifo zengqondo kunye nolwando olukhulayo. [FLD:] Iziko ze-National Institutement of Justity [FFFF]

Amaqela Asabela Ngokukhethekileyo

Namhlanje amasebe amapolisa asebenza ngoluhlu olukhethekileyo: Amaqela eSWAT afumana imvume kunye neemeko zokuthinjwa, iiyunithi zekhompyutha zophando lwamanani, kunye nabaphathi bovimba besikolo bokhuseleko lwasekolishi. Ngelixesha la maqela ezisa ubuchule, akwazisa ubungozi. Umkhosi wamapolisa — ukhawulezwe yinkqubo karhulumente esasaza izixhobo zokuphucula umkhosi kumasebe asekuhlaleni — utsale ukugxeka ukunyuka kongquzulwano. Ihlazo lowe-1997 Rampart eLos Angeles kunye neziganeko zakutshanje ezibandakanya ukuhlasela iidilesi ezingalunganga ze-SWAT kugxininisa imfuneko yemigaqo ecacileyo nokuphendula.

Ukunyamezela Iingxaki: Ukuthenjwa, Ukuziphendulela Nezinto Ezininzi

Nangona kukho inkqubela kwezobugcisa nakuqeqesho, ukugcinwa komthetho kujongene nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo:

  • Ukuthembana okungatshintshiyo: Ukubhenela ngoGallup kunye noPew Research Center kubonisa rhoqo ukuba ukuthemba amapolisa kwahluka kakhulu ngokohlanga nangokobudala. AmaMelika amnyama abonakala encinane kakhulu kune-lungu laseMelika ukubonakalisa ukuthemba amapolisa, abonakalisa ukungathembani okungokwembali nokuqhubekayo ekumekweni, ukukhangela, ukusebenzisa amandla, kunye nokuvalelwa. Ukholo olubonakalayo lufuna imigudu eqinileyo, ekhanyayo, hayi nje yomqondiso.
  • Ubuchule bokufumana ityala: Ubuninzi obuninzi bobupolisa bugwetywa ngokuhlolisiswa ngaphakathi. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekufuneni abatshutshisi abazimeleyo kunye neebhodi zolawulo lwamapolisa. Amanye amasebe aye asungula iinkqubo zangaphambili zokulumkisa ukuba abaphathi beflegi abanezikhalazo ezininzi okanye amaqondo aphezulu amandla, bavumela ungenelelo phambi kokuba iingxaki zikhule. Brenannan Center yeJaji[ uhlalutyo luthise ukuba ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi olunentsingiseloyo, imigaqo ekhanyayo, nokuvuma ukuqhuba ingqeqesho engomthetho elawulayo.
  • [[NTL:0] umthombo wemida: Amasebe amaninzi azama ukubhalisa nokuzigcina. Ukuqala imivuzo kumasebe amancinane kusenokuba ngaphantsi koo-$30 000 ngonyaka, okwenza kube nzima ukutsala abathathi-nxaxheba ngobuchule bomgwebo nonxibelelwano lwale nkqubo yamapolisa. Iingcinezelo zoqingqo-mali zikwalinganisela ukufikelela ekuqeqesheni, ubugcisa, nenkxaso yempilo yengqondo yabaphathi, nto leyo enegalelo ekudilizeni nasekuqaliseni umhlala phantsi komsebenzi.
  • Ilogitagi ne "Warrior" vs. "Guardian" Isiseko sophando esikhulayo: Iqumrhu lophando lokwahlula phakathi kwamasebe ahlakulela i "i-"i-arrior" isiseko sokhuseleko lwabaphathi-mikhosi, iimpendulo zobuchule, kunye negunya) kunye no "umphathi" ukucwangcisa ingqondo (ukwenza inkonzo, ukudibanisa ingxaki, kunye nokusebenzisana). Amasebe okwamkela imigaqo yabagcini-mthetho abona izikhalazo ezimbalwa kwaye ayakwazi ukungachani noluntu, kwanolawulo lwenani lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ugcino - lwazi, Utshintsho Nokufumana Ukhuseleko

Xa ukhangela phambili, iziganeko eziliqela ziya kubumba ukugcinwa komthetho kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo:

  • [[NTL:0] I-Data-Drive iNkcubeko kunye nezithintelo zoKhuselo: Izicelo ziza kuqhubeka zifumana i-alytics zothutho logcino-lwazi, kodwa zilindele imimiselo eyomeleleyo emalunga nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi, uqhaqho-magama, kunye nokhuseleko lwabucala. Ezinye izixeko ziye zadlulisela imithetho efuna uphicotho oluzimeleyo lwemithetho-mithetho-mthetho ethe yakubalwa kwemithetho yepolisi.
  • Uqeqesho oluthe tye kunye nemfundo: Uqeqesho lwamapolisa olukwizikolo zonxibelelwano eUnited States lumalunga neeyure ezingama-600 — ezingaphantsi kakhulu koqeqesho lwabachebi okanye izazi ngendalo. Abameli botshintsho babiza amaphulo amade agxininise kakhulu ekuncipheni, kwimpilo yengqondo, kwinkcubeko, kwintlalo, kunye nomthetho-siseko. Inani elandayo lamaziko ngoku lifuna amagosa ukuba afumane idigrim okanye iqondo lobulungu phambi okanye phakathi komsebenzi wabo.
  • Ubalo-lwazi lwaNgaphaya kweQela: kuphela amapolisa angakwazi ukucombulula ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukungabi namakhaya, ukugula ngengqondo, okanye ubuhlwempu. Ngokuqhubekayo, amasebe asebenza ngokunempumelelo abasebenzi bezentlalo-ntle kunye neekliniki zempilo yengqondo ekuphenduleni amaqela, ukusebenzisana namaqumrhu ezindlu, nokucheba amatyala aphantsi okulungisa iinkqubo zobulungisa. Ezi mizekelo izimisele ukunciphisa iprojekthi kunye nokucombulula unobangela wolwaphulo-mthetho.
  • Ukulawula okuququzelelayo kunye nokuThetha Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali: Ezinye izixeko zinika abemi igalelo elingqalileyo kwindlela uqingqo-mali lwamapolisa olusetyenziswa ngayo. IOakland, California, ivelise iKhomishoni yamapolisa enamandla ongaphantsi kwepoena kunye negunya lokumisela inkqubo. Ezi zindululo zandisa ukubonakala kwaye zinika abantu ilizwi elinentsingiselo kwindlela abathenjiswa ngayo amapolisa.

Isiphelo

Indaleko yokunyanzeliswa komthetho ayiphelelanga. Isizukulwana ngasinye sisekelwe kwimpumelelo nakusilela komnye okhoyo phambi kwayo — imigaqo kaPeel yokuvumelana nokuthintela, ukugxininisa kukaVollmer kwinzululwazi nemfundo, iimfuno zamalungelo abantu zokuziphendulela, kunye nokunyanzelisa inkqubela-phambili yamalungelo abantu, nokunyanzelisa ukubonakala kwangaphandle kunye nokusebenzisana. Ukuqonda le mbali kunceda abafundisi kunye nabafundi ukuba babe nengxoxo yomongo yanamhlanje. Impikiswano ayikokuba ngabalawuli bemithetho yezopolitiki kufuneka itshintshe, kodwa indlela yokuqhuba ukutshintsha kwazo iinkqubo ezisebenzayo, ezintle, nokuthenjwa ngabantu abasebenza kuzo. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba iProbistli isebenza kakuhle xa ibonwa njengabakhuseli, hayi iimfazwe; xa ulwazi lusetyenziswa ngokucacileyo xa kusenziwa izigqibo; kwaye xa abantu benobuchule bokwenyaniso bokulungisa nokuvelisa indlela yokusebenza. Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yexesha elizayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweminye abasebenzi, kwaye bafunda inkalipho. — kwaye bafunde kwizifundo.