Ukwazisa: Ukutshintsha Koncedo Lwamanye Amazwe

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, inkqubo yoncedo lwamanye amazwe yayilwa phantse yimithetho karhulumente, amaqumrhu emali ehlabathi, nemibutho emikhulu engeyoyamagunya. Amazwi abantu abaselula — abo basoloko bethwala iziphumo ezinde zexesha elide zezophuhliso — babenqabile ukuviwa kumagumbi apho uqingqo-mali lwemali luye lwafakwa khona. Lo mcimbi utshintsha ngamandla. Kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, amanyathelo olutsha athathe inyathelo asuka kwiingcambulo zemali ukuya kwilizwe elikhulu, ukuzuza impembelelo yokwenene ngaphaya kwemali yemali ekhoyo, ukuzuza iibhiliyo zemali ekuphuculweni kwe-R3, kodwa afumana uncedo lwawo amagosa afanelekileyo.

Isizathu Sokuba Ulutsha Lubandakanyeke Kwizinto

Ukufakwa kweembono zolutsha kuncedo lwamanye amazwe asiyonto nje efunwa yidemokhrasi; kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa okunempumelelo. Abantu abaselula — malunga ne-1,8 lamawaka ezigidi emhlabeni wonke, iqela elikhulu lolutsha embalini — banolwazi olukhethekileyo ngeengxaki namathuba abajongene nawo. Amava abaphila ngawo kwizikolo ezichuliweyo, ukungazinziswa kakuhle, ukuchana kwemozulu, kunye nokufumana ubuchule obulinganiselweyo bonyango kunika ubuchule obuphezulu obusoloko buphoswa ziinkqubo zenkqubo zenkqubo. Xa ulutsha lungadibaniselwanga, ludlala izinto eziluncedo ezingathethi ngezizathu ezingcambu. Ngokuphikisana noko, xa abantu abaselula bebandakanyekene nemisebenzi enenjongo, banceda iinkqubo zokuyila ezisetyenziswayo, ubuchule obuninzi, kunye nokuzitshintsha.

Umlinganiselo Wobalo

Phantse i-90% yolutsha lwehlabathi oluhlala kumazwe asakhasayo, amaninzi kumazantsi e-Saharan Afrika naseMzantsi Asia — imimandla efumana uncedo olukhulu lwe-bigadal kunye ne-frametal. Kula mazwe, isizukulwana samajelo eendaba sisoloko singaphantsi kwama-20. Ukungahoyi izinto eziphambili zeqela elikhulu elinabemi basekuhlaleni akuthethi nje kuphela ukuba ulawulo lolutsha lungakhawulezi kodwa kulula kodwa kukwaphula ityala lokuphendula kweenkqubo zoncedo. Iinkqubo zezizwe ngezizwe ezinje ngeUnited Nations Youth Stratection ne African’s Agenda 2063 zibiza ngokucacileyo ukuba ulutsha luthathe inxaxheba ekucebiseni inkqubela. Sekunjalo, ukuphumelela okungundoqo kuhlala kuyinto engafunwangalinganiyo kuphela kulawulo olusemthethweni, imfundo yolutsha, kunye nenkqubo yezemfundo yoluntu, kunye nenkqubo yezolawulo oluziko oluqinisekisa abantu abaselula ukuba bangabandakanye abangenelele kwisigqibo sokwenyaniso.

Ukubuyiselwa Neembono Ezitsha

Amanyathelo asetyenziswa ngulutsha adla ngokuzisa ubuchule kunye nokuvuma ukuzama ukuba isixokelelwano se-bureaucrates singekho. Abarhwebi abaselula eKenya baye bavelisa amaqonga ahambayo okudlulisela imali ukuze bafikelele kumaqela akwindawo ezikude abefundisi ngempumelelo kuneendlela zesithethe. Iintlangano zabafundi eLatin America ziye zaqhuba iinkqubo zemfundo zobufana----liso eziphucula iinkqubo zempilo eziphuculayo kwimimandla enezibonelelo ezibuthathaka zikawonke wonke. Ezi ziphuhliso azikho ngengozi; ziphuma kwisizukulwana esikhule ngezixhobo zamanani, intsebenziswano, kunye noluvo olunamandla lombutho. Ngokudibanisa izicombululo zolutsha kwiinkqubo zoncedo oluphambili, abasebenzi abanikelayo bangakhupha iingcamango ezintsha kwaye banciphise ixesha phakathi kokuchaza ingxaki kunye nokuphendula.

Iminikelo Engundoqo Yamanyathelo Okuqalisa Asebutsheni

Inyathelo lolutsha elisetyenziswayo lifak' isandla kwinkqubo yoncedo lwamanye amazwe kumacala amathathu adibeneyo: ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukusungulwa, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngqo kulawulo. Ummandla ngamnye uqinisa amanye, udala ifuthe lokwandisa elinwebela ngaphaya kwephulo elinye okanye iprojekthi.

Ukukhuthala nokuBekwa kweNkcubeko

Abaxhasi abaselula baye basebenzisa ucwangciso lwengca kunye namaphulo amanani okususa izinto eziphambili koorhulumente abanikelayo kunye nemibutho emininzi. I-Global Youth Climate Movement , idityaniswe ngamanani afana noGreta Thunberg kunye noLwesihlanu lwexesha elizayo, ngempumelelo inyanzelisa oorhulumente abaliqela baseYurophu ukuba benze amaxhoba emali ezoqoqosho ephezulu kunye nokuphelisa amafutha axhotyiswe ngoncedo lwemali. Kwicandelo lempilo, abaxhasi bentsha kwimbutho le- Acces kwimists ments [[FLTGLT] kunye nenkqubo yezexesha elizayo, baye banyanzela ukubonakala okubonakala kakhulu kwe-achiza ehlabathini jikelele. Oku kubandakanya ii-accureacess ezithenwayo kunye nenk, ngenxa yokuba bafune ukusetyenziswa kwe-data kunye nenkqubo yezentlalo-equququ zamaziko eediyo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwinkqubo

Ngaphezu kokusetyenziswa kwe-UNICEF kunye namatsha aselula, abantu abaselula benza izixhobo ezintsha kunye nemodeli yokuhambisa eziphucula ngqo indlela yoncedo olufikelela ngayo kubantu abasebenzisa ingeniso. Umzekelo, Ingxelo ye-U], iqonga elihambayo eliphuhliswe yiUNICEF kunye ne-Lagos, linceda ukucocwa kolutsha ngexesha eliphantsi kwemiba efana nokugonya i-ethentini, ukhuseleko lwesikolo, kunye nobunzima bezoqoqosho — ukunika abaphathi benkqubo esebenzayo yogcino-data ngeentsuku ezimbalwa kunokuba zithathe iinyanga. Ngokufanayo, izikhulu zobugcisa zolutsha ezikwizixeko ezifana neKampala ne-Lagos ziphucule iinkqubo zokucoca amanzi ezinamandla asezantsi anciphisa ukuxhomekeka amandla okunika amandla okubonelela kwiminxeba. Ezi zinto zibonisa ukuba abatsha abagxekixoki beenkqubo abakhoyo kodwa abasebenzisanayo boothunywa beengingqi abasebenzisana-ooomatilo basekuhlaleni abasebenzisa i-omatshini abasebenzisa i-oddolortnerth.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Ekumiseleni Iimeko Zesigqibo

Ukufakwa kobutsha kwinkqubo kuxhaphakile, nangona kusahlala kudibene. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zine-Envoy Youth Youth, kwaye amaqumrhu amaninzi eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngoku aquka ibhodi zolutsha ezikhuthazayo. IBhanki yeWorld Bank's Bank's Jouth Commit[[[FLL:1] kunye ne-ECD] yeYoutsha [FOLD [FOLD]] EK [[FLT]] EK [[FLD]] [iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii, [[FLT] [[FLT]] [iiiiiiiiiiiiii,3] inikezela iqonga lemali entle okanye amandla aphezulu ukuze anike ubungqina, ngokokubalwazo ziphumeza ngokuthe kwamagosa somthetho lwamazwe mazwe mazwe mazwe lwamazwe lwasemaphandleni, amalizwe, amazwe asekuhlaleni, amazwe asetyenziswa

Imizekelo Yolutsha Ichaphazela Imilinganiselo Yoncedo Yamanye Amazwe

Iimeko eziliqela ezikhethekileyo zibonisa indlela inyathelo eliye lasetyenziswa lulutsha eliguqulele ngayo kwiinguqu zekonkrithi kwizabelo zoncedo kunye namaqhinga. Le mizekelo ibonisa ububanzi bempembelelo yolutsha.

Imali Yemozulu Nemali Yemozulu Eluhlaza

Ukususela ngo-2019, imibutho yolutsha iye yasoloko ikhupha iNgxowa-mali ye-Green Climate (GF)[FTF] ukwandisa ukubonakala nokubekwa phambili kweeprojekthi ezilungiselelwe kwindawo ekuyo. Ngo-2021, iqela lamaqela olutsha asuka kwiZiqithi zePasifiki laphumelela ukukhusela ummiselo kwiGCF ukuba i-25% yendawo yokuhlala ekwindawo ebanzi ekwimisebenzi esekelwe kuluntu ngokujongelwa kolutsha. Olu tshintsho lwaqhutywa bubungqina obubonisa ukuba imisebenzi ephezulu ephantsi kwemozulu isoloko iphosazela ugcino-lwazi lwasekuhlaleni kwaye lungalufuni ulwazi lwabantu abaselula lwemekobume. Namhlanje, uninzi uGCFFFFFF-eved kwiprojects ezidioo olutsha oludityaniweyo kwimbutho ye-Akhi.

Imfundo Kwimimiselo Yexesha Lengozi

Abantu abaselula abafuduswe yimfazwe e-Syria, eMzantsi Sudan, nase Myanmar baye basebenzisa inkxaso yoncedo loncedo lokunika uncedo olunxulumene nemfundo. Imfundo yeentsha Yeempungezo zezeempunge , uthungelwano lweenkokeli eziselula kunye ne-NGO, ngempumelelo luye lwayikhupha inkxaso yemfundo ukuba ikwazi ukwenza lula iinkqubo zayo zomsebenzi nokuvumela imibutho yolutsha ukuba isebenzise ngqo kwimisebenzi yemfundo encinane yexesha likaxakeka. Ngaphambili, inkxaso enkulu yemali ithelekele kwizizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ezinemidibaniso elinganiselwe. Utshintsho luye lwanceda ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kweeklasi ezibamba iiklayo, izikolo ezihamba-hamba-makhwe, kunye nenkxaso engoko. Ngo-2023, ukuncitshiswa kolutsha oluneyo oluphezulu lwemiqatha lwemfundo ephakathi kumfundisi-matsha.

Impilo Namalungelo Esini Namalungelo Okuzala

Kwi-Saharan engaphantsi eAfrika, ukusetyenziswa kolutsha ngokuphawulekayo kuye kwaphembelela indlela i-PEPFAR (Icebo Leemergency Effectal for AIDS) kunye nemali yeGlobal Fund echithwayo esetyenziswa kwimpilo yeshumi elivisayo neyokuzala. Amaqela afana [Gy Global[[FL:1]] [Iihlabathi Lonke] [Inethwekhiwo lweLutsha Oluphila NeHIV]] (Izicwangciso Zeenkqubo ze-Pintlurlwini elungelelanisayo) eziye zahlaziweyo zokunikezelwa kweenkonzo ezithenjiweyo ezithiweyo zisetyenziswa ngokusondeleyo kwaye zinciphisa isidima. Ukuqokelelwa kwazo kunye nokungqinelana kweNgxobo yehlabathi ukuze kunikezelwe ulawulo lolwanolawulo lolutsha lokulwandolo lwenkqubo yonyango oluchasene ne-RGBRGBES. Ngokomphumo lweziko, ngoko kubonise ukuba abatsha bayakwazi ukuqhuba iziphumo, iinculo olukhoyo.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nazo Ngamahlolo Olutsha

Naphezu kwezi mpumelelo, amanyathelo olutsha ajongene nemiqobo engapheliyo elawula impembelelo yawo. Ukuvuma ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuyileni inkxaso engcono.

Ukufumaneka okulinganiselweyo ekwenzeni iifomu zesigqibo

Kwanalapho kukho amaqumrhu akhuthazayo olutsha, iingcebiso zabo zidla ngokungabi ngabo ababotsheleli. Abaxhasi abaninzi abaselula banikela ingxelo yokuba bayamenywa ukuba bathethe kwiingqungquthela kodwa abaqukwanga kwintlanganiso ezivaliweyo apho kubekwa uqingqo-mali. Ukugcinwa kwesango ngoomatiloshe abasebenzayo nezilangazelelo ezizinzileyo kuthintela iimbono zolutsha ekuthatheni iliso elinzulu kumanqanaba okugqibela enkqubo yobume benkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, ulwimi lwenkqubela yezizwe ngezizwe zonke — kunye nee-cracronymsms, i-procedroggon, kunye nenkqubo yenkxaso entsonkothile entsonkothileyo — kusenokungathatyathwa, ingakumbi kolutsha olungalulekiyo inkqubo yoqeqesho olusemthethweni kwinkqubo kawonke-wonke.

Inkxaso-mali kunye noqeqesho lwezibonelelo

Imibutho esetyenziswa lulutsha isebenza kuqingqo-mali lwemitya yezihlangu, ixhomekeke kumavolontiya kunye nezipho ezincinane ezingakhuselekanga. Amasebe omnikelo athanda ukuxhasa i-NGO ebhalisiweyo, amiselwe kakuhle nee-akhawunti eziphicothiweyo — umqobo apho amaqela amaninzi olutsha atsha angenakudibana nawo. Izicelo zemali eninzi njengeNgxowa-mali yehlabathi okanye iGCF zithintelwe ngokungqongqo kwaye zifuna ubuchule obusemthethweni obunqabileyo ukuba iinkokeli zolutsha zifumaneke. Ngokwesiphumo, ezona zintsha zintsha zisenobuchule obuncinane kwaye azinakuphumelela ukufikelela kwisiphumo senkqubo ezingaxhaswa ngokunenzuzo eyaneleyo.

Ukunconywa Neengcebiso

Oorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu amazwe ngamazwe basoloko bevuma ukubaluleka kokuzibophelela kolutsha kwiintetho nakwiinkqubo zolawulo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa okunentsingiselo. Umsantsa phakathi kobuchule kunye nobuncwane ukhokelela ekugxekweni kweenkokeli eziselula ezivakalelwa zisebenzisa kakubi amathuba okuthatha imifanekiso. Ngaphezu koko, amanyathelo olutsha adla ngokungabikho bucebisi kunye nenkxaso yokwakha amandla anokubanceda basebenzise iimeko ezintsonkothileyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngaphandle kokuzinzisa umngeni ekuqeqesheni, uncedo olusemthethweni, kunye nokuphuhlisa intlangano, amaqela amaninzi athembisayo ayawa kwiminyaka embalwa.

Ukoyisa Izithintelo: Iindlela Zokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kulutsha Olukhulu

Ukulungisa ezi ngxaki kufuna indlela eninzi ehamba ngaphaya kokuthetha ukuya kuhlaziyo lwamaqumrhu.

Ukudala Umatshini Wogcino Lolutsha

Amasebe omsebenzi kufuneka asuke kwibhodi zokuzithandela zolwamkelo ukuya kwiikomiti zohlolo lolutsha olunyanzelekileyo olunamandla okwenyani kwii-veto ezinamandla kwiiprojekthi kunye neemeko zemali. Umzekelo, i-Arhente yeNkqubela-phambili (Norwegian yeNkqubela-ntle) ivavanywe kunye nomchongi wolutsha onokuthi anqumame ukwenzela iinkqubo ezingahlanganiyo nezikhombisi ezichaziweyo zolutsha.

Iinkqubo zoNikezelo loLutsha oluLula kunye noLwimi

Imali yemali ye-FLT iqhutywa yi UNFPA eNtshona Afrika inika ngokukhethekileyo isikhokelo esiluncedo: inkxaso-mali emalunga nee-$2,000 zezicelo ezilula, ubude beveki ezimbini, kunye neenkqubo zesigqibo ezijongwe ngoontanga. INgxoxoxo yoMmandla woMsebenzi weWenu ibonise ukukhutshwa kwenani eliphezulu le-UNFPA eNtshona Afrika, inika isikhokelo esiluncedo: ukunikezela malunga nojikelezo-R345 000, kunye neveki ezimbini ezikhatywayo zokwakha i-mvo. Uvavanyo lokuqala lubonisa ukukhutshwa kwexabiso elisezantsi lokungathemba-phicoceki-phithrozi lungasebenza kakuhle ngamaqela amaqela aselula.

Umanyano phakathi koorhulumente, iGO, kunye nenethwekhi yolutsha

Ukuganana kolutsha okusebenzayo kufuna ulwalamano oluqinileyo phakathi kwamaziko asemthethweni kunye neenkqubo zolutsha ezingacwangciswanga. I-NGOS ingasebenza njengeemediary, inika ulawulo lobukho bobutsha kunye nesigqumo esisemthethweni ngexa ivumela iinkokeli zolutsha ukuba zigcine ulawulo lobuchule. Inxalenye yeNkqubela-Bantwana yoPhuhliso oluPhathiweyo (i-a comnium equka iRestable Development, iPlate International, kunye ne-UN Youth Envoy’s ofisi ibhale ingxelo engcono yezenzo ezinjalo ze-intlalo, igxininisa umqondiso wokuqalisa koluvo-luvo-lu luhlu oluphambili.

Ukuveliswa Kwenkqubo Yamanani Nemfundo

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwiingxoxo nkqubo, abantu abaselula kufuneka bafumane ugcino-lwazi kunye neenkqubo zokulwa. Abanikazi kufuneka bafake intsebenziswano yeqonga elivulekileyo elinomthombo onceda unikezelo lolwazi, kwakunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho olufundisa abaselula indlela yokuchaza uqingqo-mali, uvavanyo lweziphumo, kwaye balungiselele ubungqina obufutshane. I-International Youth Foundation iqhuba inkqubo yogcino-lwazi lwenkqubo yoPhuhliso oluxhotyisiweyo oluxhotyisiweyo oluxhotyiswe ngamaqela aselula angaphezu kwama-5 000 kumazwe angama-20 anabo buchule. Iziphumo zokuqala zibonisa ulwando oluphawu oluphawulwe kumgangatho wokuzithoba kolutsha kwizifundo zoophathotho lwengqungquthela kunye nokucebisa kwe-UN.

Isiphelo: Ikamva loncedo lolutsha olufumaneka kwamanye amazwe

Amanyathelo asetyenziswayo alutsha awasathethi nto ingaqhelekanga; anamandla okuguqula iinkqubo zoncedo zamanye amazwe zisuka ngaphakathi. Ukukhuthaza kwabo ukufudusa imozulu, imfundo yemeko-bume, kunye nempilo enzima yabantwana abakwishumi elivisayo ephezulu kucwangciso. Izicombululo zabo ezitsha ezizizizicombululo ezizinzileyo ezibangelayo ezilwa nzima ukuvelisa. Ukuthatha kwabo imigaqo-nkqubo yoncedo lwesithethe ezama ukwenza izigqibo, nangona isanele, ziqale ukubonisa ixabiso lokusebenza phakathi kwesizukulwana. Noko ke, amandla apheleleyo okubolekisa ukubolekisa ukudibana kolutsha ahlala engafezeki ngaphandle kwemiqobo yesakhiwo — ukufikelela, ukunqongophala, nokuxhasana kwemali, nokusebenza kwesakhiwo esikhoyo — ziya kuvavanywa ngabomkhwa-ma. Iminyaka elandelayo iya kuvavanywa ngabo banokuguqule ukuphuhliswa kwawo oko kukuthi kulutsha, ukusetyenziswa kwabo baqhubeke, kodwa abakwazi ukuxhasa, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuzifumana inkxaso ephambili, kodwa abaselula abaza kumele ukusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswayo.

ukwenzela ukufunda okubheke phambili, bona [[FLT: 1] Ulutsha olukwiNtlanganiso ye-UN, Ulutsha lweCD nophuhliso olukwizibuko, kunye Ulutsha lwe Bhanki lwehlabathi oluDluliweyo [.