ISicwangciso somGaqo-siseko: ISicwangciso-Mgaqo-siseko sikaRaje Sabha's

Ipalamente ye-Indiya ye-bidamaral yahlula iindima ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezisebenzisanayo kwizindlu zayo ezimbini. Ngelixesha iLok Sabha imela ukuthanda kwabantu okukhawulezileyo, iRajiya Sabha iquka umgaqo wesizwe, inika ilizwi kumazwe aseIndiya kunye nemimandla ehlangeneyo. Lo mbutho wesizwe ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwimithetho yamanye amazwe apho izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zichaphazela imfuno yomgangatho karhulumente — urhwebo lwentengiso luchaphazela ushishino lwezoshishino lwasekuhlaleni, imozulu ivumela imigaqo-siseko sobume bokusingqongileyo, kunye nezivumelwano zokhuseleko zingabandakanya imikhosi yamapolisa karhulumente. Umqulu wesingqino-Rajing Sabha uqinisekisa ukuba iimbono zengingqi zidityaniswa kwizigqibo zelizwe lasemzini, zithintela ukusetyenziswa okucokisekileyo kokusebenza okusemgangatho-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke.

Ngaphantsi kweGatya 245 lomGaqo-siseko, iPalamente inamandla okwenza imithetho ye-arhente iyonke okanye nayiphi na inxalenye ye-Indiya, kwaye oku kwandisa ukuzalisekisa izivumelwano neendibano zezizwe ngezizwe. IBhunga laseRajeya Sabba linikwe umsebenzi osemthethweni, hayi nje ngokwesithethe. Xa i-Indiya yagunyazisa iPalamente yeParthe Paris ngokutshintsha kwemozulu okanye ukwakhiwa kwe-Ingingqi yelanga yehlabathi, zombini ezi zindlu zaphikisana kwaye zavuma umthetho osebenzayo. IBhunga lase-Rom (Rayya Sabba'sha igama elisemthethweni lesizwe) linika i-mem esisigxilo — ngokungafani neLok Sabha, edibana nyaka emihlanu yonke — ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemiqathango kunye nokuqhubekeka kwemithetho yezomthetho yamazwe angaphandle.

Ukulawula koMthetho neSivumelwano soMthendeleko: Ngaphaya kweRubber-Stamping

Uhlolo lukaRaje Sabba lwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe alukho kwizithethe. Ngaphambi kokuba isebe eliphetheyo limele linikele isivumelwano ngasinye phambi kwazo zombini izindlu, kwaye indlu ephezulu isebenzisa igunya layo ngobuchule obuninzi. Okokuqala, izivumelwano ezifuna uzalisekiso lwemithetho kufuneka zidlule kuzo zombini izindlu, zinika iRajiya Sabbaha amandla alinganayo ukuze kulungiswe okanye kungafunwa. Okwesibini, kwanezivumelwano eziphetheyo ezingafuni ngokomthetho zibekwa luhlu oluqhelekileyo kwindlu ukuze kuvunywe ulwazi nengxoxo, zivumela amalungu ukuba aphakamise imibuzo kunye nemicimbi.

Lo msebenzi wobuveleli waboniswa ngokuphawulekayo ngexesha lengxoxo ye-Indiya-US Kivil Nuclear Agreement (2005-2008). IKomiti kaRaje Sabha kwiMicimbi Yangaphandle yaqhutywa ziingcabaso ezithe zavakala kakhulu, ziviwe zizazinzulu zenyukliya, ezazisakuba ngoomatiloshe, kunye neengcali zemicimbi yezolawulo. Ingxelo yekomiti, efakwe kwingxoxo kaDisemba 2007, yaphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nekhuselo, ityala, kunye nempembelelo yesivumelwano se-Indiya kwi-culciumcreast. Ngexa urhulumente ekugqibeleni waqhubeka nolwando oluninzi, ipalamente yanyanzela ukubonakala okulula nokumiswa kwamabinzana , kuquka isivumelwano somva saseIndiya ne-Atomicle Agency.

Ngokufanayo, xa iIndiya yatyobela iTrade Facilitiation Agreement phantsi kweWorld Trade Organization ngo-2014, amalungu eRaje Sabha avela kumazwe ezolimo aphakamisa inkxalabo malunga neziphumo zokutya. Ungenelelo lwawo lwakhokelela kurhulumente ekukhuseleni izikhuselo ezongezelelekileyo zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke waseIndiya phambi kokuba aqinisekise isivumelwano. Oku kubonisa indlela ulawulo lwendlu ephezulu lwelizwe luguqulela ngayo izilangazelelo ezithile zezoqoqosho kwiziphumo zelizwe lasemzini.

Ingxoxo Nesindululo: Intetho Yemithetho Yamazwe Angaphandle

IRajiya Sabra inika enye yezona ndawo zemigangatho zibalulekileyo zaseIndiya zokuxubusha ngomxokelelwano wamanye amazwe ngobunzulu. Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabha, apho iingcinezelo zexesha zisoloko zimisela ixesha lokuxoxa, indlu ephezulu ivumele iingxubusho ezithe kratya. Umthetho wenkqubo weRapya Sabhaha uvumela iingxubusho zeyure eziyisiqingatha kwimicimbi yokubaluleka kukawonke wonke, kwaye amalungu asoloko esebenzisa oku ukunyusa imibandela yenkqubo yamanye amazwe engenjalo enokufumana ingqalelo encinane engqukuva.

Ezi ngxoxo zisebenza imisebenzi emininzi. Zizisa uwonke-wonke kunye noondaba-ndaba malunga neemeko ezintsonkothileyo zezizwe ngezizwe, zinika uxanduva lwedemokhrasi. Owayesakuba nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yePhondo yase-Outernal uSushma Swaraj wavela rhoqo kwiRajiya Sabrahha ukuphendula imibuzo nakugxekwa, esebenzisa ixesha lendlu lemibuzo neyure yeqanda ukucacisa iindawo zikarhulumente. Iingxoxo zikwabonisa kwakhona inkqubo ye-Indiya yokuma kwabaphulaphuli-ndlebe zweni lonke — xa iRajiya Sabha ngokudiyo idlulisa isigqibo sokugweba komda wobunqola emva kohlaselo luka-2016 u-Patterncolot, zathumela umyalezo onamandla womanyano lwezobupolitika kuluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

Kutshanje, i-202020 College Galwan Valley ibangele ingxoxo ephawulekayo apho uMphathi-mikhosi wangaphandle wachaza inkxaso yamaqela ahlukeneyo eIndiya ngexesha lokuqhubana nobuchule bolawulo lwamazwe angaphandle eTshayina yabangela impikiswano eneenkcukacha apho umPhathiswa weMicimbi weMicimbi yangaphandle washwankathela indlu kwiziganeko zomda, kunye namalungu awo onke amaqela avakalisa inkxaso yemikhosi exhobileyo ngelixa ethandabuza ulawulo lomda karhulumente. Le ngxoxo iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zemithetho yamazwe angaphandle, kwanezo zifuna ukugcinwa kwemiqathango yomsebenzi, zamkela uphando lwedemokhrasi kwimida efanelekileyo.

Iikomiti Ezikhethekileyo: I-injini yobuchule bokubhala

Inkqubo yekomiti kaRajiya Sabra inika izibonelelo zovavanyo olungqongqo lwenkqubo yamanye amazwe. IKomiti yePalamente kwiMicimbi yangaphandle, equka amalungu asuka kuzo zombini izindlu, iintsebenziswano ezineenkcukacha ezinokuthi zingabi nakwenzeka ngexesha leziphumo zomgangatho othe rhoqo. Ikomiti ingabiza amangqina, amaxwebhu aceliweyo, ihambele kwelinye ilizwe ukwenzela ukufumana inyaniso, kwaye ivelise iingxelo ezinenkcukacha zokuncomela ukuba, ngexa ingabopheleli, ithwele ubunzima obuninzi bezobupolitika.

Ukusebenza kwekomiti kubonisa indlela uphando lwendlu ephezulu oluqinisa ngayo iziphumo zenkqubo. Umzekelo, ingxelo yayo ka-2018 nge "Umgaqo-nkqubo wobuGcisa Bolunye Udidi: Iingxaki namathuba" lokuhlola ulwalamano nabamelwane, amagunya amakhulu, kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo. Ikomiti yacebisa ukuba kuqinisekiswe iBhunga leNkcubeko leNkcubeko ukwandisa amandla athambileyo, ukwandisa uqingqo-mali lwemibutho yabanye, kunye nokumisela indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokufumana i-vrascs kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene neenkonzo ezizizo. Uninzi lwalamncomelo lwalo lwazo lwafumana indlela kwinyathelo alandelayo, kuquka nolwabiwo loqingqo-mali olunyuliweyo lobulungiseleli bemicimbi yemicimbi yamazwe oLuntu ngowama-20192020202020.

Ezinye iikomiti zeRaje Sabra zikwathetha ngemicimbi yamanye amazwe. IKomiti yezemali ihlola iimali ezingaphandle kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yotyalo-mali yangaphandle. IKomiti yeMicimbi yemitshato ihlola iprojekthi yokundwendwela kunye nemicimbi ye-visa yaseHome, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo unxibelelwano olumanyeneyo. IKomiti ye-Chwethengiso i-Scrutinting Scrination Communic Communic Agreement ne-South Korea, yayichaphazamisile i-Plamentery Committery on Commercial Commercials ihlola iziphumo zayo ezinokwenzeka kwimisebenzi yaseIndiya kwaye incom, ezo zincope abaququzelela i-ator abaquququzelela i-'injini.

IKomiti yePalamente eLawulwe ngokutsha iRajiya Sabra's Igqitywe njengePalamente emileyo, emiselwe ngo 1993, inyuse olu hlolo. IKomiti yeMicimbi yangaphandle ngoku isoloko ihlola imfuneko yoBulungiseleli beMicimbi yangaphandle, iqwalasela zombini imigaqo kunye nenkcitho. Olu lawulo lwemali luqinisekisa ukuba amabhongo eendleko zamazwe angaphandle ahambelana nolwabeko lokwenene lwezibonelelo — uvavanyo olubalulekileyo olunikwe ukuba uqingqo-mali lwezobuzwe laseIndiya luye lwathoba ngokwembali luye lwathoba amanye amandla amakhulu.

Impembelelo ekumiselweni kwenkqubo: Ukusuka kwingxoxo ukuya kwimpembelelo engqalileyo

Impembelelo kaRajiya Sabba ekuguquleni inkqubo yamanye amazwe inwenwela kwimijelo emininzi. Okokuqala, amalungu ngamanye anobuchule kwezobuzwe okanye kwimicimbi yezizwe ngezizwe — ababengamagqwetha, amagqwetha ehlabathi, izifundiswa, kunye neentatheli — bazisa ulwazi olukhethekileyo kwiingxoxo. Le ndlu ngokwembali iquka amalungu afana nomphathi M.C. Chagla (othe kamva waba nguMphathiswa wemicimbi yangaphandle), igqwetha lezizwe ngezizwe uSoli Sorabjee, kunye nomcholi-ndaba uKuldip Nayar, ongenelelayo kwingxoxo echukutyekileyo.

Okwesibini, indlu isebenzisa izigqibo kunye nentsebenziswano ukunyanzela iimpendulo zikarhulumente. Ngelixesha inkqubo yamanye amazwe ikhutshwa kwintshukumo zokungqinelana (ezithi ngokuqhelekileyo zixhalabise umthetho kunye nocwangco lwasekhaya), indlu ingadlulisela izigqibo ezichaza uluvo lwayo kwimiba yezizwe ngezizwe. Xa iIndiya iqhuba iimvavanyo zenyukliya ngo-1998, iRajiya Sabha wadlulisela isigqibo esixhasa isigqibo sikarhulumente ngexa ibiza incoko eqhubekayo kwizixhobo zenyukliya. Izigqibo ezinjalo, ngexa zingabopheleli, iimvakalelo zepalamente zengqondo kwaye zinyanze igumbi lomphathi wesebe le-Genegaat.

Okwesithathu, iRajiya Sabba iphembelela inkqubo yenkqubo ngamandla ayo okuvumela izibophelelo zezizwe ngezizwe phantsi kweGatya 253. Xa i-Indiya yaba nenxaxheba kwiNdibano yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo enxamnye noHlabathi, ukuzalisekisa umthetho kwakufuneka udlulise zombini izindlu. IKomiti yeRajiya Sabba's kwiSebe labasebenzi, i-Public Grievances, kunye noMthetho kunye noLugwebo lwahlola ukuthintelwa koHlu.

Okwesine, indlu iqhelisa impembelelo engangqalanga ngeyure yombuzo, apho amalungu ebuza imibuzo ngemibandela yomgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe. Umbuzo ophengululwe kakuhle ungabhenca izithuba zenkqubo, unyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba atyhile ulwazi, okanye akhawulezise ukulungisa. Ngo-2022, imibuzo ephindaphindwayo ngokulibaziseka kwabafundi bamaIndiya abasuka kwimfazwe-tern Ukraine ikhokelela kurhulumente olungisa imisebenzi yeGanga, ebalaselisa indlela uphando lwepalamente olungakuchaphazela ngayo ngqo ulawulo lwengxaki yenkcitho.

Indima kaRaje Sabra kwilizwe lonke Diplomacy: Umthetho kunye neBipartisanship

Ukuganana kwelizwe lonke laseIndiya kufumana umthetho obalulekileyo kwinkxaso ebanzi yepalamente, kunye nemvume yemiqondiso yeRajiya Sabhata evumelayo. Xa uMphathiswa oyintloko ethetha nge-foransis yehlabathi lonke, ungazimisela ukuba inkqubo yelinye ilizwe laseIndiya ibonakalisa ukuvumelana kwesizwe, hayi nje ukukhetha kwegunya lesizwe. URajya Sabba, ongenakuqhawulwa kwaye amalungu akhe asebenza ngokushwashwankathelayo amagama aneminyaka emithandathu, unika inkqubela kule mpikiswano ye-bipartisan njengoko ingulo kaLok Sabha itshintsha.

Indlu ikwanenxaxheba ngqo ekungeneleni ungenelelo lweeNkcubeko. URaje Sabha amalungu asebenza kumathunywa epalamente yaseIndiya asebenza kwimibutho ephakathi kwe-Inter-Parlialiamentary Union (IPU) kunye neKholamente yoMbutho woMbutho woMkhosi womhlaba wonke (CPA). La magqiza aqhuba uthethano lwepalamente, ebandakanye namaqabane awo avela kwamanye amazwe. Xa iIndiya yangenisa iNdiyaU kwiNgqungquthela ye-IPU ngo-2021, uRajanha Calla Manca Vankaija Naijaah, wakhokela ulwamkelo, ebonisa inkxaso yepalamente yendima yezizwe ngezizwe.

Ngokubhekele phaya, amalungu e-Raje Sabba adla ngokutyelela amazwe asemzini njengenxalenye yenkxwaleko esemthethweni yepalamente, eqinisa ulwalamano lwe-bidateal. I-Indiya-USA Palamente Forum kunye nemibutho efanayo neJapan, i-Australia, kunye nezizwe zaseYurophu ziquka uRajiya Sabha abameli abakha ulwalamano olunqamlezileyo olusindayo kutshintsho kurhulumente. Olu nxibelelwano lobuqu lubangela unxibelelwano lwentlalo-ntle ngexesha lengxaki — xa uxa uxanduva lwanda nePakistan ngo-2019, unxulumano olusemva ngemibutho yepalamente lunceda ukuhla kwemeko.

Ukwenziwa kwesivumelwano ngokwaso kubaluleke ngokwentsebenziswano. Xa iRaje Sabha Sabra isenza isivumelwano sezizwe ngezizwe, isixhobo sokuhluza sithwala ubunzima bemvume yepalamente, isenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba oorhulumente bexesha elizayo bakulahle. Oku kongeza ukuthembeka kwizivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe zaseIndiya. Ukusetyenziswa kweNkomfa yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kuMthetho woLwandle (UNCLOS) ngo199, ngokulandela ukuvunywa zizo zombini izindlu, kwaqinisa isikhundla seIndiya kwingxoxo yomda wolwandle nabamelwane.

Imiqathango Nocelomngeni: Umgaqo - siseko Wendlu Ephezulu

Ngaphandle kwendima yayo enzima, iRaje Sabha ijongene nezithintelo ezininzi ekulungiseni inkqubo yamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, inkqubo yamanye amazwe ingumsebenzi oyintloko olawulayo phantsi komGaqo-siseko. UMongameli, osebenza kuncedo nakumacebiso eBhunga labaPhathiswa, uqhuba ulwalamano lwamanye amazwe. Ngoxa iPalamente isenokubuza kwaye iphikisane, ayinako ukwalathisa umphathi kwinyathelo elithile lokuqhuba imicimbi yezobuzwelo. Urhulumente ugcina amandla okuxoxa ngezivumelwano, ukwamkela oorhulumente bangaphandle, kunye nokuqhuba unxulumano ngaphandle kwemvume yepalamente.

Okwesibini, iRaje Sabha ayinagunya ekuqulunqeni izivumelwano ezingafuni mthetho. Izivumelwano ezininzi zesebe eliphetheyo — ezifana neStatus of Forces Agreements (SOFA) okanye iMetranda of Understand (Mouls) — ziqaliswe ngaphandle kwemvume yepalamente. Ngoxa urhulumente esemthethweni ezi itafile ePalamente, amalungu akanakuzilungisa, kodwa anokuxoxa kuphela kwaye aphikisane ngazo. Oku kulinganisela amandla endlu okubumba izivumelwano ezinjalo ngaphambi kokuba zibopheleleke.

Okwesithathu, ukuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko lwesizwe kudla ngokusikel' umda wengxoxo yepalamente. Inkcazelo edityanisiweyo malunga nemisebenzi yobukrelekrele, ubuchule bomkhosi, okanye iingxoxo ezichukumis's anokubethwa ngokupheleleyo namalungu. IKomiti kaRajiya Sabra ngamanye amaxesha ifumana iingxubusho ezimfihlelo eziyimfihlo, kodwa amalungu ngamanye amanye asenokungafumani nkcazelo efunekayo ukuze agxekwe ngolwazi. Ingxoxo yama-2019 u-Balakitracquew ibonisa olu xinzelelelo — logama urhulumente eshwadalula indlu, iinkcukacha zokusebenza, kwaye amalungu echasamele athethe ngengxoxo esekelwe kwinkcazelo kawonke wonke.

Okwesine, ingqeqesho kunye nemikhosi edibeneyo ingenza uxinezeleko lwe-Rajeya Sabba. Iqela elilawulayo okanye umbutho olawulayo usoloko unandipha uninzi okanye ubuchule obusondeleyo kwindlu ephezulu, kwaye iziqhushumbisi zisenokuthintela amalungu endlu ekuvoteleni izikhundla zikarhulumente kwimibandela engundoqo. UMthetho ochasene noDidi-Defe usebenza kumalungu eRajiya Sabba, owalela ukuba angavoti imiyalelo yeqela kwimicimbi emininzi. Oku kuthintela amandla endlu yokusebenzisa umgwebo ozimeleyo kwimibuzo yemithetho yamanye amazwe.

Okwesihlanu, impumelelo kaRajiya Sabba ixhomekeke kumanyano lwamalungu, oluye lwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amanye amalungu angenabo ubuchule kwimicimbi yehlabathi lonke, ngoxa amanye enokuthi abonise inkxalabo yengxoxo iguquguquka, kwaye ezinye iintlanganiso zibona ukuba inani eliphantsi ekuxutyushweni kwemigaqo yamanye amazwe. Utshintsho lokuqinisa inkqubo yekomiti nokunika inkxaso engcono yophando lucetyiswa kodwa lungachatshazelwa ngokupheleleyo.

Izindululo zotshintsho: Ukomeleza iRajiya Sabha yangaphandle

Zininzi iziguqulo ezinokunyusa igalelo likaRajeya Sabha kumgaqo wangaphandle. Okokuqala, ukuqinisa iKomiti kwiMicimbi yangaphandle nabasebenzi bophando abanikezeleyo kunye nezibonelelo zoqingqo-mali zizakuphucula umgangatho wovavanyo. Ikomiti ingalandela imodeli yeKomiti yeNdlu yeeNdlela zaMasitho Zamazwe Ngamazwe, egcina abasebenzi abangoochwepheshe kunye neenkokeli ezineenkcukacha zokuchongwa kwangaphambi kwezivumelwano ezinkulu. Ikomiti yaseIndiya ngoku ayinazo izibonelelo ezilinganayo, inciphisa amandla ayo okusebenzisa ubuchule bobuchule.

Okwesibini, ukuchongwa kwaphambi kokunikezelwa kwezivumelwano eziphambili kuzakugunyazisa i-Rajiya Sabba indima yesivumelwano. Okwangoku, urhulumente uyakwazi ukuqwalasela ixesha nendlela yokubandakanya iPalamente ekuququzelweni kwesivumelwano. Imfuneko yowiso-mthetho yokuba urhulumente anikele zonke izivumelwano eziphambili kwiKomiti yeMicimbi Yangaphandle iintsuku ezingama-60 phambi kokuba ukwenziwa kwemiqathango kuvunywe ngokunentsingiselo. Oku kuya kuvumela i-Indiya ukuba ihlolwe ngezenzo kumazwe afana noMbuso we-United Kingdom, apho umGaqo-siseko kunye noMthetho we-Promance 2010 umisele inkqubo yokuhlola izivumelwano.

Okwesithathu, ukubandakanywa okungakumbi kwamalungu kaRaje Sabba kwintsebenziswano zabathunywa kunye neengqungquthela zezizwe ngezizwe zaziza kusebenzisa ubuchule bazo zize zakhe ubuchule bokwenza ulawulo lwepalamente. UBulungiseleli beMicimbi yePhondo yangaphandle bungasoloko buquka uRajiya Sabha amalungu asemthethweni abathunywa kwiintlanganiso zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, iingqungquthela zemozulu, neengqungquthela zemozulu. Oku kuya kuwanika amava obuqu amalungu eengxoxo zezizwe ngezizwe zezizwe zezizwe zezizwe zehlabathi nokuqinisa unxulumano lwepalamente kwimigaqo-mthetho yamazwe asemzini.

Okwesine, ukusekwa kweKomiti yePhondo yeMasipala ePhambili equkethe amalungu eRajeya Sabha, ababesakuba ngoomeli, izifundiswa, kunye neengcaphephe zezobugcisa zinganika igalelo elicwangcisiweyo lomgaqo-nkqubo. Ngeli xesha kusenzeka uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo, inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo iya kuqinisekisa ukuba incoko ethe rhoqo, ecwangcisiweyo phakathi komphathi-mthetho kunye nendlu ekwinkqubo yamanye amazwe, ivela imingeni, kunye nenkqubo yexesha elide.

Isifundo setyala: IRaje Sabha kunye neSebe le-Indiya elicwangcisiweyo

I-Indiya-US inika uphando olufundisayo lwengxelo yeRaje Sabha''s indima ejikelezayo kwinkqubo yamanye amazwe. Xa ulwalamano lwaqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kowama- 2000, iKomiti kaRajiya Sabha kwiMicimbi yangaphandle yaqhuba ukuchotshelwa okukhulu kwemibandela enxulumene nokusondelelana. Ingxelo yekomiti yowama- 2003 nge "India-US Relationstion: Ukuthatha i-Unity" kwavavanya intsebenziswano yokhuselo, imiba yenyukliya, kunye nokuzibophelela kwezoqoqosho, inika imbono ebanzi yepalamente eyathi eyathi ichaza ingxubuliso elandelayo.

Ngengxoxo ye-2005-2008 yesivumelwano senyukliya, iRajiya Sabha yaba yeyona nto iphambili ephambili ekuxhaseni nasekuhloleni. IKomiti yeMicimbi Yangaphandle, eyayiphethwe ngumphathi-mikhosi oyinamava uK. Nathawar Singh (othe kamva waba ngumPhathi-Mphathi wemiba yangaphandle), wahlola isivumelwano ngeenkcukacha. Ingxelo yekomiti yaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nezibonelelo zeHyde Act's, iziphumo zovavanyo lwenyukliya, kunye neengxaki zabangenisi. Ngoxa urhulumente eshwankatheli phambili, uphando lwepalamente luqinisekisa ukuba isivumelwano sokugqibela siquka izivumelwano ezinamandla ezinika iziqinisekiso kunye neziko ze-Indiya ekunene ukuphinda zisetyenziswe izibaso.

Ekugqibeleni, iRajiya Sabba yafumana ukuphunyezwa kwesivumelwano senyukliya. Imibuzo malunga noMthetho weNyukliya yeLibatic, ukulibazisa ekumiseleni iipaki zenyukliya neenkampani ze-US, kunye nempembelelo kunikezelo lwenyukliya lwaseIndiya kwagcina umba uphantsi koxanduva lwedemokhrasi. Le ndlu yakwaphikisana noKhuselwano lweNkqubano loKhuselo loMkhosi wamanzi (GSOMIA), i-Communication and Security Provicement (COMCASA), kunye nezinye izivumelwano zesiseko ezathi ziphucula ukhuseleko. Ingxoxo nganye yabonisa ukuba negunya lomsebenzi onzima nokuvavanya izivumelwano zobugcisa nokugcina urhulumente uxandulo.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuqhubekayo kweRajiya Sabha kumgaqo-nkqubo waMazwe asemzini waseIndiya

IRaje Sabra idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe wase-Indiya ngokulungiselela ulawulo, ngokukhuthaza ingxoxo, nokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana okubanzi. Unxulumano lwayo lunceda ukugcina ulungelelwano olulungeleleneyo nolusebenzayo lomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe wangaphandle obonisa iminqweno eyahlukeneyo yohlanga lodwa ngoxa ihlonela indima yokuqala yomphathi ekuqhubeni ulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe. Umsebenzi wendlu uzisa iimbono zengingqi kwizigqibo zenkqubo zamazwe angaphandle, uqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano zorhwebo ziyingenelo kuwo onke amazwe kwaye ukhuseleko lujongene nentsebenziswano yoluntu.

Ngeli xesha igalelo likaRajiya Sabba linyanzelwa zizithintelo zomgaqo-siseko kunye nezinto zezobupolitika, iminikelo kaRajiya Sabra idibanisa ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni, ubuchule, kunye nokuziphendulela kwinkqubo yamazwe asemzini aseIndiya. Inkqubo yekomiti inika uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha oluphuculayo lweziphumo zenkqubo, loxa iingxoxo zomgangatho zisenza uvumelano lwezopolitiko nolwazi ngoluntu. Njengoko indima yehlabathi lonke ikhula, ukomeleza umgangatho wenkqubo kaRajiya Sabbaha yasemzini uza kubaluleka ngakumbi. Utshintsho lokumisela ukuvavanya izivumelwano, ukunyusa oovimba beekomiti, kunye nokwandisa uphuhliso-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko zivumela indlu ephezulu ukuba ikwazi ukwenza indima eyakhayo ekulungiseni i-Indiya.

Ukubaluleka okuhlala kuhleli kukaRaje Sabra kuxhomekeke ekukwazini ukubeka ityala ngedemokhrasi kubuchule obukhethekileyo bobukho benkqubo yamanye amazwe obufunekayo. Kwixesha leengxaki ezintsonkothileyo zehlabathi — ukusuka ekutshintsheni kwemozulu ukuya kulawulo lwamanani, ukusuka ekukhuseleni kwaselwandle ukuya ekunikezeleni ugcino-lwazi lwetsheyina — imfuneko yokuvelela kwepalamente efundileyo ibingakhange ibe nkulu. IRajya Sabba, kunye nophawu lwayo lwesizwe, inkumbulo, kunye nenkqubo yeekomiti ezilawulayo, ibekwe ngokukhethekileyo ukulungiselela loo mgangatho ngelixa kuqikelelo lolawulo lwedemokhrasi lwamazwe angaphandle.