Table of Contents

Ulawulo lwezithuthi luyenye yeembopheleleko ezibonakalayo nezineziphumo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni, ibumba elibukhali ubomi bemihla ngemihla babemi, abahlali kunye neendwendwe. Ngaphandle kosukelo olulula lokuhamba iinqwelo-mafutha ukusuka kwindawo engu-A ukuya kwinqanaba B, ulawulo lwezitrato oluphumelelayo ludibanisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, amandla ezoqoqosho, ukulondolozwa kwemekobume, kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Eli nqaku lilungiselela ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwendima yemisebenzi yoorhulumente basekuhlaleni, amaqumrhu, amagunya ezithuthi, kunye nemikhosi yamapolisa.

Umkhosi: Ukulungelelanisa Ukuthotywa Kwethumbu Nokhuseleko

Uxinzeleleko olusisiseko kubaphathi beenqwelo-mafutha luphakathi kokunyusela imoto ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokuyifaka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo bonke abasebenzisa indlela, kuquka abahamba ngenqwelo-moya, abakhweli, nabakhweli. Oorhulumente bongingqi kufuneka balufake olu lungelelwano ngokudibanisa ugcino-mali, iinkqubo zolawulo, ukulungelelanisa, ubuchule boluntu, kunye nokubophelelana koluntu. IZiko loMbutho laseMelika leSizwe nezothutho-Oompatho (ASHTO) kunye neZikomkhulu lezezothutho (ASHTO) kunye neZikonga imigaqo-sikhokelo yezentengiso (INqana), kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathako yomgangatho woluntu nganye, ibonakalisa inzululwazi yendalo, izakhiwo, kunye nezinto eziphambili. Iqumrhululekileyo ibonisa ukuba isantya esiphezulu sendlela esilungiselelwe kakuhle nesitratoliki sohambo kunye nokuphucula ixesha, kodwa ukufikelela kwezi ziphumo kukufuna ngenjongo yenkcazelo enziwe ngabo, imigaqo enziwe ngabaphathi-olwazi, elungelelwayo.

Iimbopheleleko ezingundoqo zoorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekulawuleni kwezithuthi

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baneemayile ezininzi eziseUnited States, ngaphandle koohola beendlela baseburhulumenteni kunye namaphondo ahlukeneyo. Oku kunika iimbopheleleko ezibanzi ezingaphaya kokufakwa kwemiqondiso nemigca yokupeyinta. Imimandla elandelayo imela imisebenzi engundoqo eyenziwa ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ukulawula ukuhamba kweenqwelo-moya nokukhuseleka.

Ukulungiselela nokulondolozwa

Iindlela, iibhulorho, iindlela zebhayisekile, iindledlana zendlela, iimpawu zendlela, kunye nezibane zesitrato zibumba ithambo lomzimba layo nayiphi na inkqubo yokulawula iitrato. Oorhulumente bongingqi banoxanduva lokuyila isiseko esitsha sokwanela imfuno yohambo lwangoku nolweprojekthi, ngoxa besenza izinto ezikhoyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxinana kweengozi. Ucwangciso lwemiqathango, umqondiso, ixesha, ukudibana kwemijikelezo, kunye nokuthintela ufikelelo lwe-ambreyitha yonikezelo lwendawo yonke ewela phantsi kwalebhusayithi. Ulawulo lweFederal Highway Ad Administy Adminity (FHA) luqikelela ukuba malunga nomgama obalulekileyo weekhilomitha ezintlanu, ufuneko lwemali.

Imithetho yezorhwebo kunye nokunyanzelwa

Imida yesantya, imiqathango yokumisa iinqwelo-moya, imiqathango yokubuyisela imiqathango, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula iitrato ezimiswa ngemithetho yasekuhlaleni, eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yomgangatho karhulumente. Oorhulumente bongingqi bamisela isantya esisekelwe kwizifundo zobunjineli eziqwalasela igeometry, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba omelene nomonakalo, imbali yokungqubana, kunye nomthamo wendlela. Ukunyanzeliswa kwale mithetho kusenziwa ngamasebe asekuhlaleni, okuthi kwakhona kuthabathe inyathelo lokuhlola i-DUI, ukuqhuba icandelo, kunye nokuqhuba ngentetho enzima. Ukusebenza komsebenzi wolawulo olucacileyo, kunye nokuthemba koluntu.

Uphando lwendlela, ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi, nohlalutyo

Ugcino-lwazi olunemiqathango eqhutywayo isiseko sokwenza isigqibo solawulo lwendlela yanamhlanje. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni uqhuba amanani eenqwelo-moya, uphando lokuhamba, amanani okujikeleza kwemjikelezo, kunye nohlolo lwemvelaphi yohambo lokuqonda iipateni. I-data yokungaphumeleli ihlalutyelwa ukuchonga iindawo eziphezulu (ii-trirkpoints) kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwemilinganiselo ephikisanayo yokhuseleko. Amaziko asekuhlaleni aqhubela phambili asebenzisa izimvo zeBluetoothsi, irada, kunye nogcino-data lwenqwelo-mafutha oludityanisiweyo ukuqwalasela iimeko zexesha lokwenene. Iziphumo zoluvo zibonelela zonke ezikhoyo kwimisebenzi emikhulu. Ngaphandle kokulungiswa kogcino-data nohlalutyo oluqinileyo, oorhulumente bobulali basengozini yokungalungisi sokhuseleko okanye ukungaphumeleli kwengxelo engekho ngqinweni phantsi kweengxaki phantsi kweengxaki.

Ukulungelelaniswa noMthetho onyanzelwayo neenkonzo zexesha lentlekele

Ulawulo lwendlela lungumgudu oncedisana obandakanya amasebe amaninzi. Umthetho wokunyanzelisa ukuhambelana kobukho behlabathi, uphando, kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho wendlela. Umlilo kunye neenkonzo zonyango lwexesha likaxakeka zifuna iindlela zokufikelela ezithembekileyo kwaye zisenokufuneka kwizitrato ezisondeleyo okwexeshana. Amasebe e-Transit asebenzisa oodulam kunye neziporo ezihamba ngeenqwelo-moya. Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenzisane ngobuchule bokulungelelanisa izinto ngeekomiti ezimileyo, iinkqubo zokucwangcisa iziganeko zogcino-lwazi, kunye neenkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezabelana. Umzekelo, xa isiganeko esikhulu esinjengemidlalo okanye umbhiyotho sibangela iimfuno zomdla ongaqhelekanga, oonjineli beenqwelo-moya basebenza kunye namapolisa asebenzisa ukulungiswa kohambo lwexeshana.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu noMbutho

Izigqibo zolawulo lwendlela zidla ngokuvelisa umdla omkhulu kuluntu, ingakumbi xa zibandakanya utshintsho kwisantya, ukumisa okanye ukwenziwa kwendlela. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banomthwalo wokucela nokufaka ingxelo yoluntu ngeentlanganiso zoluntu, ngophando lwe-intanethi, nge-intanethi, iibhodi zophando, kwaye bajolise ekufikeleleni abantu abangaphantsi kwemiba ekhoyo. Ukuqhuba ingingqi yoluntu kunceda ukuphawula izinto ezisenokungabonakali kwii-data ezingqubanayo, njengenkxalabo yokhuseleko ekunqamlezelweni kwenqanawa okanye kwi-akmingxmal engapheliyo ngasesikolweni. Ukubophelela okunempumelelo kwakha ukuthemba nokuncitshiswa kwemijaho entsha, njengokutya okuncinane okanye iibhayisekile ezinikezelweyo. Noko ke, ukukhuphisana kwezilangazelelo-mastiesting, abaqhubi, abaqhubi bezithuthi, abasebenzi bezithuthi, abasebenzi benqanawa, abasebenzi bezama ishishini, kunye nabantu abahlala apho.

Ubuchule bolawulo lokuhamba kwemoto

Ukulungelelanisa intshukumo yezithuthi ngaphandle kokulalanisa kufuneke ibhokisi yezixhobo zobuchule bokusebenza. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa ezi ndlela ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni, ekufumaneni kwemali, kunye nokuthanda kwezobupolitika. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zibonisa ezona ndlela zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuphuculeni ukuhamba kweemoto.

Ukulungelelaniswa Kophawu Okulungelelanisiweyo Nolawulo Oluzinzileyo

Iimpawu zomthungo zingumsebenzi onempembelelo kulawulo lwezitrato ezikwizitrato zasedolophini. Oononjineli basekuhlaleni balungisa ixesha lokunika inkcazo kuqhubekeko lwesantya sombane (amaza aluhlaza), ukucutha, nokuhlalisa imfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo ebudeni bemini. Iinkqubo zoqhubele phambili zisebenzisa ubugcisa bokulawula imiqondiso obulungelelanisa ixesha elisekelwe kugcino-lwazi lwendlela lokwenene. Uphando lubonisa ukuba imiqondiso elungelelanisiweyo inganciphisa amaxesha okuhamba nge 10/30%, usetyenziso olusezantsi lwepetroli, kunye nokunciphiswa komoya. Uorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni baye batshintsha ukusuka kwixesha elisisigxijoliswe okanye baqhubekiswe kwisixokelelwano, nangona iindleko zolungiso lwezimfashoni zogcino-masebe abancinane.

Izijikelezi kunye noyilo lwangoku

Ukugubungela iingqimba kuye kwaba yenye indlela ekhethwayo kumacala okunqamleziswa kwemida esetyenziswayo engokwesithethe ngenxa yokhuseleko oluqinisekisiweyo kunye neengenelo ezisebenzayo. IFHWA ichaza ukujikeleza njengemilinganiselo engqineke ingukhuseleko, iphawula ukuba inciphisa zonke iintlobo zongqubano nge 35% kunye nengozi ebangelwa kukungqubana okukwindawo ezimbini zokunqamleza ezilawulwayo. Ingqungquthela iphelisa nemfuneko yokuzinzisa ezikhoyo izixhobo zomqondiso, inciphisa iindleko eziqhubekayo zogcino nokulibazisa okuqhubekayo ngexesha lamandla angaphandle. Noko ke, ukujikeleza kwazo kufuna indawo engaphezulu kunemidathanga yongqungquthela eqhelekileyo, kwaye ukwamkelwa kwabantu kusezantsi ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuhamba kwendlela engaqhelani. Ngokufuthi isibini oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banciphisa ukubekwa kwezixhobo zomqondiso kunye neepropati zemfundo zikawonke.

Unikezelo kunye neLanes ezibhayisekile

Izixhobo zokuhamba ezisetyenziswayo ezingekho mgangathweni zingundoqo ekunciphiseni ukuxinana kwemoto kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko. Iindlela ezinyuliweyo zebhasi (ezibizwa ngokuba ziibhasi ezikhawulezayo, okanye iBRT, iipaseji) zivumela izithuthi zokuthutha zigqithe kwiinqwelo-moto jikelele, ziphucule ukuthembeka nokutsala abakhweli abatsha. Ngokufanayo, izalathisi ezikhuselekileyo zohambo ngebhayisekile ezahlulayo kwiinqwelo-moya zemoto, ngokuphawulekayo ukucutha umngcipheko wokungqubana. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni uye wamkela ngokuqhubekayo ukutya okuncinane kwendlela yokuhamba ngebhasi, okanye iipasejini ezithe zandiswa ngeminxeba ezincinane (nee-trakethi) eziye zahla zihonjiswe ngeengozi ze-trafiki ezizi. Imanyano yeSixeko seSixeko se-Frouni inika ukhokelo oluthe lwalayinwe nge-50%

Iinkqubo zezithuthi zobuntlola (iTS)

I-ITH iquka uludwe olubanzi lwezobugcisa eziphucula imisebenzi yeetrafiki. Oorhulumente bongingqi bathumela iimpawu eziguquguqukayo zemiyalezo (i-VMS) ukulungiselela ulwazi lohambo lokwenene, iikhamera zokoqobo zokuhlola iziganeko, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula iindledlana ezitshintsha iindleko ezisekelwe kwimfuno. Amanye amaqumrhu asungule amaziko alawula iinqwelo-moya ahambe phambili (TMC) adibanisa ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwimithombo emininzi ukunxibelelana neziphumo ezikhethekileyo. Ukudityaniswa kwe-ITS kunye nezithuthi ezidityanisiweyo (CV) kunye nezithuthi zenqwelo-nqwelo-mafutha (AV) zisebenzisa ubugcisa obuzimganothiweyo bumele umda olandelayo, nangona ukusasa koorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni.

Unyuselo loluntu kunye nolawulo lothutho

Ukunciphisa inani leenqwelo-mafutha ezisendleleni kudla ngokusebenza kakhulu kunokudibanisa umthamo wendlela. Oorhulumente bongingqi basebenza kwinkqubela-phambili yothutho lukawonke-wonke. Njengeeyure zenkonzo ezandisiweyo, kunye nezikhululo eziphuculiweyo ze-menteeties, kwaye yenza uthutho olunomtsalane. Iinkqubo zokuhamba zikhuthaza ezinye iindlela zokuqhuba zodwa ngezixhobo ezisekelwe kumqeshi, ukuxhasa inqwelo-mafutha, ukulingana, kunye nokupaka i-pringi. Amanye amadolobha aye asebenzisa imimandla ehambayo, njengaseLondon nase-Stockholm, nangona imigaqo enjalo inqabile eUnited States ngenxa yemiqobo yezobupolitika. Kwakhona oorhulumente bendawo bakhuthaza izicombululo zokuqala nezinga eziphezulu, kuquka iinkonzo zebhayisekile kunye neemicrotrans, ukudibanisa iinkonzo zokuthutha.

Amanyathelo Okhuseleko Asetyenziswa Ngoorhulumente Basekuhlaleni

Ukhuseleko lwendlela yingxelo yomphakathi yempilo. Ngo-2022, abantu abangaphezu kwama-42 000 bafa kwiingozi zemoto eUnited States, kufe abantu abahamba ngeenyawo nabakhweli beebhayisikile abafikelela kwiqondo eliphezulu kumashumi eminyaka. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baye baphendula ngeenkqubo neenkqubo ezijolise ukhuseleko, ezininzi zazo eziyinxalenye yeqela le-Resorder Zero, elizimisele ukuphelisa bonke abantu abafayo kwiinqwelo-mafutha kunye nomonakalo onzima.

Iqanda Lombono Liza Ngezantsi

Isetyenziswa zizixeko ezingaphezulu kwama-50, i-View Zeo Repenable ukhuseleko lwezithuthi njengenkupho yomgangatho weenkqubo kunokuthiywa iingozi zibangelwa yimpazamo yomqhubi. Oorhulumente bongingqi abasebenzisa le ntshukumo yesiseko sobume besebenzisa iziphumo zohlolo olugqibeleleyo lokungqubana, bamisele ngokucacileyo ukunciphisa ukudaleka kwengozi, kwaye basebenzise ubuchule obuqinisekisiweyo, ulwando, kunye nemilinganiselo yemfundo. Umzekelo, eSeattle, inkqubo yeSivorency Zero yesixeko inciphise ukufa kwabantu ngama-30% omlinganiselo omntu ohambayo ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya kwimiboniso exhobisayo, ikhokelela isantya esihambayo (LPIs) kwimiqondiso, kwaye i-operation Network Network inika oovimba kunye nokufunda amathuba okuhlola ii-ovesss abameli basekuhlaleni.

Iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuya esikolweni nakwiingingqi zokhuseleko loluntu

Abantwana baphakathi kwezona zisemngciphekweni zabasebenzisi bendlela, kwaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni babeka ukhuseleko olusezikolweni kufutshane nezikolo ezikhuselekileyo kwinkqubo yeSikolo (SRTS). Inkxalabo ye-Infractive Informationment kunye neMithetho yeSebe, i-SRTS imali ehamba ngezinyawo kunye nenkxaso-bhayisekile, inkqubela-phambili, umgangatho wokhuseleko lwabantwana abahamba ngenqwelo-moya, kunye namanyathelo emfundo. Ngokunjalo, izixeko ezininzi ziye zaseka iindawo zokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni kufutshane namaziko aphezulu, izibhedlele, okanye iipaki ngezantsi apho imidanganiso yesantya esinyuliweyo ihla kwaye ifakwe khona. Ezi zinto zibonise ukuba zinciphisa umngcipheko wabantwana abahamba ngeenyawo ukuya kuma-50%.

Ukwahlula nokufikeleleka kwe-pedetrian

Amathuba okunqumla akhuselekileyo ayimfuneko kubantu abahamba ngemigama ephakathi kweblokhwe kunye neemnqamlezo ezintsonkothileyo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baseka imigca enqamlezayo ephawulweyo, iziqithi zokusabela kwabantu, iinqanawa zokubonisa iliso ezikhawulezayo ezikhawulezayo (RRFBS), kunye nemiqondiso ebhabhabhayo ehambayo (imiqondiso ye-HAWK) yokuphucula ukubonakala nokunikezela komqhubi. AmaMelika anesiphene somsebenzi (ADA) afuna ukuba abantu abahamba ngenqwelo-moya bafumaneke ngokulula, baqhube ukufakwa kwemiqathango yemingxube, kunye nemiqondiso eluncedo (IAP) enemiboniso evakalayo ne-vitablective. Ukusebenza nemilinganiselo ye-ADA kuyimfuneko esemthethweni nemali yezothutho ezininzi.

Iphulo lokulumkisa uluntu

Amaphulo emfundo anokuxhasa ubunjineli kunye nokunyanzelisa ukutshintsha indlela abaqhuba ngayo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baqalisa amaphulo okuhlasela imibandela ekhethekileyo ephazamisayo njengokuqhuba, ukuqhuba, ukukhawuleza nokubonakala kwabantu. Amajelo eendaba, izibhengezo, izibhengezo zikamabonwakude, kunye neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwisikolo ziqhelekile. Umzekelo, iphulo elithi “Heads Phezulu, iMinxeba e-Down” lifuna ukunciphisa ukuphambukiswa kwendlela nokuqhuba. Ngoxa uphandle koluntu kukodwa kunqabile ukuvelisa utshintsho lokuziphatha okuzinzo oluphezulu, linceda ukwakha inkxaso kwimibutho ekhuthaza ukuqhuba izithuthi kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto.

Ukubonakala ngaphaya kogcino-lwazi longqubano kunye nomlinganiselo womsebenzi

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya bashicilela iibhodi zomonakalo zedata ukuze kwandiswe ukubonakala kakuhle kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezikhokelayo. Ngokwenza ukuba ugcino-lwazi oluyingozi lubekho ekuhleni, abameli bangabona iingxaki zokhuseleko ezivelayo baze babonise ukuphendula. Imilinganiselo yokusebenza efana nokufa kwimayile yemoto ehanjiweyo (VMT), inani lomonakalo onzima, kunye nebhayisekile/i-pesenti yengozi ithengwa unyaka wonke. Inkqubo yokhuseleko lokhuselo lwezikhuseli-mali ekhoyo (HSIP) ibonelela inkxaso yeeprojekthi ze-data zeprojekthi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abahamba kakuhle edata basoloko bekwindawo elula ukuze bakhuphisana nokhuseleko lorhulumente.

Ukubandakanyeka Kulawulo Lomchako

Abaphathi beenqwelo-mafutha abanakubekwa phezulu; kufuneka incoko eqhubekayo phakathi korhulumente wasekuhlaleni nabantu abasebenzisa izitrato. Ukubandakanywa koluntu kuthabatha iindlela ezininzi, ukusuka kwiikomiti zolawulo olusemthethweni ukuya kwiintlanganiso ezicwangcisiweyo zobume bengingqi. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zezithuthi zibonakalisa iimfuno nemilinganiselo yasekuhlaleni, ngoxa kwakha nenkxaso yoluntu ngamanye amaxesha ukwenzela iinguqulelo eziphikiswana ngelinye ixesha.

Iintlanganiso Zasesidlangalaleni Neenkqubo Zokuva

Xa urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ecebisa umqondiso omtsha wendlela, indlela yokutya, okanye utshintsho kuphatho lwemoto, umthetho karhulumente ufuna ukuchotshelwa kwabantu bonke. Ezi ntlanganiso zinika abemi, abanikazi beshishini, kunye nabanye ababotsheleli ukuba bathethe izinto ezixhalabisayo kwaye bacebise ezinye. Ngelixesha iintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo ezikwizinxulumani ezininzi ezithethayo, amaqumrhu amaninzi ngoku ancedisana nawo ngemigangatho ye-intanethi, intetho erekhodi, kunye neengcebiso ezibhaliweyo ukuze afikelele abaphulaphuli abaninzi.

Ibhodi zobuqhinga kunye nemikhosi yomsebenzi

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni baseka amaqumrhu asisigxina okanye akhuthazayo ahlala enika igalelo eliqhubekayo kwimiba yeenqwelo-moya nakwimiba yezothutho. Ezi bhodi zingaquka abameli abavela kwiingingqi zobume, imibutho yeebhayisekile, ukuhambisa amaqela okukhubazeka, imibutho yamalungelo abantu, kunye noluntu lwezoshishino. Ngoxa iibhodi zolawulo zingenagunya elilawulayo, iingcebiso labo linempembelelo ephawulekayo kumagosa anyuliweyo kunye nabasebenzi besebe. Kumadolophu abanezikomkhulu, la maqela anokuphembelela yonke into ukususela ngexesha lokumisela izikhundla zooxandumiso kuqingqo

Uhlolisiso Nobandakanyeko Lwamanani

Ukwanda kobugcisa bezentlalo-ntle kuye kwandisa izixhobo ezikhoyo zokudibanisa abantu. Uphando lwe-intanethi, izixhobo zokuzoba ezisebenzisanayo (njenge-MetroQuest okanye i-Polco), kunye nohlolo lwezentlalo-ntle yezonxibelelwano luvumela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuba baqokelele igalelo kubemi abakhulu nabahlukeneyo kunabantu abakwiintlanganiso zesithethe kuphela. Umzekelo, isixeko siceba uhlaziyo lwezibhayisekile lungasebenzisa imaphu ye-intanethi apho abahlali benokuthi bahlise izikhonkwane ukubonisa iindawo ezinqwenelekayo zebhayisekile ezintsha okanye iindawo eziyingozi. Ezi zixhobo zobugcisa ziluncedo ziluncedo ekufikeleleni abantu abaselula, abahlala kwii-Svavy abangakwazi ukuya kuthethwa ngabantu.

Ukuqwalasela Ubungqina

Izigqibo zolawulo lomthungo zinokuba neziphumo ezingenakulinganiswa kuluntu olufumana imali eninzi kunye noluntu olunombala, oluye lwathwaliswa ngumthwalo ophezulu ngokwembali, izibonelelo ezingekho ngcono, kunye nomlinganiselo wokungqubana kwezithuthi, kunye nowona monakalo uphezulu. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ngoku bazama ukuqhuba intetho ethe ngqo eqinisekisa ukuba amalizwi aphantsi ngokwembali avakala. Oku kubandakanya ukuncedisana nemibutho esekelwe kuluntu, ukunikela uguqulelo kunye neenkonzo zokutolika, ukubamba iintlanganiso kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo namaxesha, nokunika uncedo olulula lwabantwana kunye noncedo lwezithuthi. Injongo yokuhamba ngaphandle kwemibutho yeenqwelo-trafishi ehamba-msko yokwenyaniso kunye neendawo ezininzi ezichaphazelekayo.

Uphando Lolawulo Olunempumelelo

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa indlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanokusebenzisa ngayo ubuchule obudityanisiweyo ukuphucula indlela ezihamba ngayo iimoto nokhuseleko.

EPortland, eOregon: IiBicycle Boulevards Ne Green Street

IPortland ibisoloko iyinkokeli kwizithuthi ezizinzileyo. I-croundings ezisedolophini zihamba ngenqanawa ezincinane eziselunxwemeni ezilungiselelwe abakhweli nabahamba ngenqwelo-moya. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuthoba imoto, ukunqumla kokuqala, nokufumana imiqondiso, iPortland ikhuthaze unyuko oluphindwe kalishumi kwibhayisekile ukususela ngoo1990. Ibhayisekile yesixeko i-oulevard eNeeg Street icuthe isantya ngelixa ugcino-nqwelo-mafutha yasekuhlaleni. Indlela kaPortland ibonisa ukuba ungeniso olunikezelweyo kwizithuthi ezisebenzayo lunganciphisa uxinzelelo lwemitshini ephambili yezobugcisa ngaphandle kokufuna ukwandisa iindleko.

Isixeko SaseNew York: Iqanda Lokubona Nokukhusela I - bike Lanes

Inkqubo yeResource Zero yesiXeko saseNew York, eyaqaliswa ngo-2014, iye yaba yenye yeenyathelo eliphambili lokhuseleko lwendlela eUnited States. Esi sixeko siye salungisa amakhulu eemnqamlezo ezihambayo neziqithi ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, isalatha izithuba ezikhuselekileyo, kwaye imendo yebhayisekile ekhuselekileyo. Kwindlela yokuqala nesesibini yeAvenues, ukufakwa kwendlela ekhuselweyo kwebhayisekile kuhlise umonakalo kubo bonke abasebenzisi bendlela ngesantya esingaphezulu kwama-20%. Esi sixeko siye savelisa iikhamera zesantya kwiindawo ezingama-750, okuphumela ekunciphekelweni kwesantya nokungqubana kwemiqobo. Phezu kwako nje ucelomngeni lwezopolitiki, i-NYC inciphisa ukufa kwezithuthi, ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweminxeba yezopolitiki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedata kusindisa ubomi.

ELondon, eUnited Kingdom: Intengo

Icandelo laseLondon elithe gqi ukumiliselwa kwemijelo ehambayo, elaziswa ngo-2003, yayiyenye yezincopho zokuqala ezitshayelelweyo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kwisixeko esikhulu sehlabathi. Abaqhubi bangena kwingingqi esembindini weveki, bahlawula intlawulo yemihla ngemihla, enciphisa imitha yeenqwelo-moya nge-30% kwaye banqumla i-15%. Ingeniso eveliswayo ifakwe kwinkqubela-phambili yothutho, kuquka ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zebhasi kunye nomjikelo webhayisekile. Isicwangciso sokuchasa inkcaso enzulu ekuqaleni kodwa ukususela ngoko siye safumana inkxaso kawonke ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezibonakalayo. Amava eLondon anika uhlolisiso olunamandla kurhulumente basekuhlaleni abacinga ukuba kusetyenzwe nge-pluntlunts zixhobo zokulawula iimfuno, nangona ezopolitiko zisephantsi kwe-U.S.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Noorhulumente Basekuhlaleni

Nangona kukho izixhobo ezininzi, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bajamelana nemiqobo ebangela ukuba bangakwazi ukulawula indlela ehamba ngayo nokukhuseleka.

Ukungaqiniseki

Izakhiwo zasekuhlaleni zifuna intlawulo engaphezulu kakhulu kwemali ekhoyo. Iidolophu ezininzi zifuna ukulungiselela imisebenzi yokuthutha izithuthi ngerhafu yempahla yasekuhlaleni, irhafu yerhafu, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwerhafu karhulumente, okungaqhubeki nokunyuka kwexabiso lexabiso okanye ixabiso lezinto. Ukutshintshelwa kwezithuthi zombane kunciphisa irhafu yerhafu yerhafu. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni kufuneka afake iprojekthi yemali ekhuselekileyo yobomi, efana nokulungisa ibhulorho nokunyusa ingeniso yempahla yemoto, umgangatho wenqwelo-nqwelo-mafutha. Ngaphandle kokuzinzisa i-mali ekhoyo, i-orhulumente yasekuhlaleni i-RISE (Readiation Indactive fire ervective irvation kunye ne-Equaty) inikela ukudityaniswa kwemali yekomkhulu, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe imigudu ebanzi kunye nemali elungeleneyo, ingeniso encinane. Ngaphandle kokuzinziswa kwemali, inkxaso yemali yasekuhlaleni, i-ecricricricric, i-octive, i-ectived

Imeko Yezobupolitika Neyasekuhlaleni Ayichasi

Ulawulo lwendlela ludla ngokubangela inkcaso kubemi nabaphathi bamashishini ababoyika ukuxinana kwemigqaliselo, ukuhlisa isantya, okanye ukutshintsha indlela yokuhamba. Ukutya okususa iindlela zokuhamba ukudibanisa iindledlana zebhayisekile okanye iindlela ezibanzi kunokubangela umva onamandla, kwanaxa ugcino-lwazi lubonisa ukuba ziphucula ukhuseleko ngaphandle kokwanda koxinezeleko. Ngokufanayo, iikhamera zesantya kunye neekhamera ezibomvu zisoloko zigxekwa njengezixhobo zokunika ingeniso kunokuyikhusela. Amagosa asekuhlaleni amele ahambele kulo mhlaba wezobupolitika, alungelelanise imfuneko yenkqubela noxinzelelo loxinezelelo kunye nolwando olusebenzayo anceda ukuthomalalisa ukuchasana, kodwa ahlala elucelomngeni oluqhubekayo.

Ukukhawuleza Kwabemi Basedolophini Nokwanda Kwabemi

Izixeko ezininzi zifumana ulwando lwabemi oludlula ulwando lwezibonelelo zezithuthi. Abantu abaninzi bathetha ukwanda kwezithuthi, imfuneko engakumbi yokunqanda indawo yokuzinzisa (umz., ukukhwela iiveni ezidadayo, iilori zokuthutha inqwelo-mafutha), kunye noxinzelelo olungakumbi kwimizila esele izele. Oorhulumente bongingqi kufuneka balawule oku kukhula oku ngelixa bethintela ukwanda okufanayo kwiziphumo zeenqwelo-trafiki. Ukuphuhlisa okuzimo , uphuhliso olukhoyo, imigaqo-nkqubo epheleleyo yendlela yokulungisa iyinxalenye yesisombululo, kodwa bafuna ukulungele ukudibanisa, ukudityaniswa, kunye namasebe ezithuthi asebenzisa ushishino-mendo olulungele ukuqhekeneyo. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ulwando olulungele ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi iitrafikistiki enokuthwa.

Ukuhambelana kobuxhakaxhaka kunye nokukhuselwa

Abalawuli bezitrafiki baxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo .i-traffic umlawuli wemiqondiso onxibelelana ne-software ephakathi, iikhamera ezinomsinga wevidiyo, kunye nemiqondiso eguquguqukayo yemiyalezo enokuhlaziywa kude. Ezi zixhobo zamanani zizisa impumelelo kodwa zikwazisa ubuchule bokungena kwezithuthi. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olubi lungavumela abadlali abanobungozi ukuba baphazamise imiqondiso yeenqwelo-moya, babangele i-gridlock okanye iimeko eziyingozi. Uhlaselo lwakutshanje lwentlawulelo lwendlela yokukhulula kwiinkqubo zikamasipala lugxininisa imfuneko eqinileyo yemithetho yokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokhuselo. Urhulumente abancinane basekuhlaleni basoloko bengenayo i-IT enikezelwenziwe lula, besenza ukuba isixokelelwano sohlaselo sidibane ngakumbi, ukuhlasela okuqhubekayo, kufuna ukukhuselwa kokhuseleko oluqhubekayo kwimilinganiselo yokhuseleko.

Imisebenzi

Ukusetyenziswa nokugcinwa koononjineli abafanelekayo bezithuthi, abacebi, kunye nabahlalutyi bogcino-lwazi balucelomngeni koorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni, ingakumbi abo basemaphandleni okanye ababandezelekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho. Imivuzo eqokelela imali kwicandelo lobuqu isusa italente kwinkonzo kawonke-wonke. Oku kuntsonkothile kolawulo lwezitrato zale mihla . /ukufumana ulwazi oluphezulu lwe-software, izimvo, kunye nokuphuhlisa okuphambili kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-alytictics, //iiindawo ezithelekelela iingingqi ezikhoyo. Eminye imibutho emincinci inxulumene nemibutho yocwangciso yengingqini okanye abacebisi bobucala ukuzalisa izithuba, kodwa oku kusenokunciphisa ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni. Ukuthetha ngezakhono kuyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunokwenziwa ngoolo oluchazwe kweli nqaku.

Ikamva Lolawulo Lomjelo

Ubugcisa obudibanisayo kunye nezinto eziphambili eziphuculiweyo kukulungiswa kwemeko-bume yolawulo lweenqwelo-moya. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka balungiselele ikamva elizihambelayo, elidityaniswe ngakumbi, elijolise ekulondolozeni nasekuzinziseni kunanini na ngaphambili.

I-Vhicicles edityanisiweyo nezenzekelayo (ii-CAVs)

Ubugcisa bezithuthi ezidibeneyo buvumela izithuthi ukuba zinxibelelane (V2V) kunye nezibonelelo (V2I), zivumela iinkqubo ezifana nokungqubana kwenqanawa, umqondiso wexesha lokwenene ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe izithuthi zengozi, kunye nokuzilungisa ngamandla. Izithuthi ezizihambelayo, nangona zisekungalungelelani okulinganiselweyo, zithembisa ukunciphisa impazamo yomntu, ezibangela ukuba kubekho iziganeko ezininzi zengozi. Noko ke, utshintsho kumkhosi wenqanawa ozele inqwelo-nqwelo-moya ehamba ngenqwelo-moya luza kuthatha amashumi eminyaka, kwaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka bacebe ukulungiselela imekobume elungeleleneyo apho izithuthi ezihamba ngeenqwelo-mafutha eziqhelekileyo, iibhayisekile, nabahamba ngenqwelo-moya. Oku kuya kufuna ukulungiswa kwemigaqo, imimiselo ehlaziweyo, kunye nezivumelwano ezintsha zedata.

Ubuntlola Bokwenziwa Nezixeli-magama Ezithelekelelwayo

I-AI ingahlalutya ubuninzi bogcino-lwazi lwendlela lokuqikelela ukuminyana kweenqwelo-moya, ukuchaza iingozi zongquzulwano, kunye nokulungelelanisa ixesha lomqondiso ngexesha lokwenene. Iimodeli zokufunda ngomatshini zingaxela kwangaphambili iimfuno ezisekelwe kwimozulu, iziganeko, kunye nembali, zivumela abaphathi beenqwelo-moya ukuba balungise iinkqubo. Abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baqhuba amaziko olawulo lwenqwelo-moya anamandla a-AII anokusabela ngokuzenzekelayo kwiziganeko ngokuphinda zihambe okanye ngokulungisa imiqondiso. Ngoxa i-Alciemong enokuthi ibangele ukuba izinto ezininzi zihambele, kwakhona zibangela ukungafihli mithetho-mthetho, ukuthembeka kwemicimbini yendlela yokuzilungisa, kunye nokuthembeka kwezigqibo ezikwimeko eziyingozi. Urhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baqinisekise ukubonakala nokuphendula komsebenzi wayo.

Ukuzinzisa Nokutshintsha Kwemozulu

Ulawulo lwezothutho lunxulunyaniswa ngakumbi nenjongo yemozulu. Ukunciphisa izithuthi ezihamba iikhilomitha (i-VMT) ngendlela yokutshintshwa, ukukhuthaza izithuthi zombane (EV) ezihambayo, nokuyila izitrato zokulawula amanzi oqhwithela yimizekelo yendlela abanokufak ’ isandla ngayo ekulondolozweni kwemeko-bume. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ukwanelisa ugcino-zulu kulawulo lwenqwelo-moya.Ngokomzekelo, ukunyusa iikhabhathi-mbhula zezithuthi zokukhusela ukuphuphuma kwamanzi, okanye ukusebenzisa imiphatho yeendlela ezisezantsi ezihambayo. Ukunqamleza kwendlela kunye nenkqubo yemozulu kuya kukhula ngokubalulekileyo xa imozulu isanda ngamandla.

Ulawulo loshishino lohamba-hamba oluxhaswe ngentengo

Ikamva lolawulo lwendlela kufuneka licwangcise i-equare. Oku kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo ezikhoyo zingenangeniso, uhlanga, okanye amandla , zenza uthutho olukhuselekileyo, olungabiziyo nolunokuthenjwa. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baqala ukusebenzisa i-quity metrics kwiproject, befaka kwingingqi ezingaphantsi kwengingqi kuqala, kwaye izitrato ezitshayelelayo kwimimandla ekwimbali ehlukeneyo. Ukuhamba ngakwisixeko esinemineminemine,” apho abahlali bangadibana khona noninzi lwemihla ngemihla olufuna ukuhamba kafutshane okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ngokuhambisana nalo mbono. Ukuphumelela kulawulo lwendlela akufuni buchule bobugcisa kuphela kodwa kukwalunikezelo lwezolawulo olupheleleyo kunye nolawulo lwemali.

Isiphelo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bakwindawo ephambili yolawulo lweenqwelo-moya, belungelelanisa iimfuno ezisoloko zikho zokuhamba, ukhuseleko, ukuphatha indalo, nokusetyenziswa koluntu. Ngocwangciso olucokisekileyo, lokusetyenziswa kobugcisa, ukunyanzelisa, nokubotshwa kokwenyaniso noluntu, bangenza iinkqubo zokuhamba ezinceda wonke umntu ngokunempumelelo. Iingxaki zininzi /iindleko zemali, inkcaso zobupolitika, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwezobugcisa, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoluntu. Ngokuzikondla kwamathuba okuzihambelana noorhulumente basekuhlaleni ziya kuhlala zikho, zifuna ingxhwala, zifunela utshintsho, kunye nokuphucula ubomi. Ngolawulo olufanelekileyo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanakulawula iitrato kuphela kodwa banokuguqula izitrato, kwaye baya kusebenza zonke iindawo ezifanelekileyo.