Ukwakhiwa komGaqo-siseko koRhulumente olinganiselweyo

Umgaqo wokuba igunya likarhulumente limele linyanzelwe ukuba linyanzelwe kwintsebenziswano yedemokhrasi yomgaqo-siseko. Inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela inika inkqubo yokwakha esebenzayo ngayo le ntloko, iqinisekisa ukuba igunya liyasasazwa, liyalawulwa, kwaye liyabekeka. Ngaphandle kwemida enjalo, amandla agxininisiweyo akhokelela ekuxhaphazeni okungalawulekiyo okuphelisa inkululeko yomntu ngamnye nomthetho. Ukuqonda indlela le nkqubo esebenza ngayo, isizathu sokuba ibaluleke, nendlela elinokugcinwa ngayo kuyimfuneko kubemi abafuna ukukhusela amalungelo abo.

Kumphakathi wayo, uhlolo nolungelelwaniso luyisakhiwo esilungiselelwe ukuthintela naliphi na isebe likarhulumente ekuqokelelweni kwegunya elingalinganiyo. Ngokwahlula amandla phakathi kwamasebe alinganayo nangokunika izixhobo zesebe ngalinye ukunqanda amanye, inkqubo idala amandla alawulayo akhuthaza ukucinga, ukulalanisa, nokuphendula. Le nkqubo ibonisa ingqiqo yokuba amandla kufuneka enziwe ukuvavanya amandla ukuba inkululeko iyanyamezela.

Isiseko Samandla Enzululwazi

Imvelaphi yobuchule bokuhlola nokulingana ibuyela kwiingcamango zezopolitiko zamandulo. UAristotle waphawula ukuba urhulumente oxubeneyo odibanisa amalungu olawulo lookumkani, olhawu lolawulo-moya, nolawulo-mpumlo wayenokuvelisa uzinzo olungakumbi. IRiphabliki yamaRoma yayibeka le ngcamango ngendlela yayo entsonkothileyo yeendibano, ii-connul, nee-tribune, ngalinye linegunya elinokwahlukanayo elifuna intsebenziswano nengxoxo.

Ulwakhiwo lwangoku lwavela ngexesha loKhanyiso. Isithandi sobulumko saseFransi uMontesquieu waphikisana kuMoya woMthetho lo kukhululeka kwakunokukhuselwa kuphela xa uwiso-mthetho, ulawulo, kunye namagunya okugweba ahluliwe. Walumkisa ukuba xa onke amagunya amabini edityanisiwe, inkululeko yayisengozini, kwaye xa onke amathathu ayemanyene ezandleni ezifanayo, ubuzwilakhe babungenakuphepheka. Le ngcamango yayiphembeleka. UmGaqo-siseko, owayila inkqubo eyakukhusela ukunyuswa kwegunya ngexa kuhlala kusekulawuleka ngokufanelekileyo.

AmaPhepha oLungela, ingakumbi uNxulumaniso loManyano No. 51 nguJames Madison, achaza indlela esengqiqweni ngayo inkqubo yaseMerika: amabhongo kufuneka enzelwe ukulwa namabhongo. UMadison waqonda ukuba indalo yomntu ayinakuxhomekeka ekuzibambeni ngokulungileyo, ngoko uyilo lweziko lokulungiselela ukuvelisa izikhuthazo zesebe ngalinye ukuze libe namapolisa. Oku kuyila kwenkcitho yenkcubeko.

Amasebe Amathathu Namandla Awo Okuncedisa

UMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. umisela amasebe amathathu karhulumente ahlukeneyo, ngalinye elinamagunya adwelisweyo kunye neembopheleleko. Kodwa ukwahlukana akukokuphelela kwi-— amasebe adityaniswe ngomnatha wokuhlola ovumela ngamnye ukuxhathisa ukungenelela kwabanye.

Isebe Lomthetho: Amandla Okuthenga Nepen

Ingqungquthela, equka iNdlu yabameli neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, inegunya eliyintloko lokumisela imithetho. Inqaku I-I lomGaqo-siseko libeka wonke amandla owiso-mthetho kwiNkundla, liyenza ibe lisebe lokuqala ngokulandelelana nangokubaluleka. Amandla ayo aquka irhafu, ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo eziphakathi kwelizwe, ukubhengezwa kwemfazwe, nokusekwa kweenkundla zephondo eziphantsi kweNkundla ePhakamileyo.

IBhunga lihlola isebe elilawulayo ngeendlela ezininzi ezibukhali. Kufuneka liqinisekise ukumiswa komongameli kwiKhabhinethi, kwijaji yephondo, nakwezinye iiofisi eziphezulu. Indlu yeNdlu inika icebiso kunye nemvume kwizivumelwano, ifuna ii-3 ezimbini kwisininzi sokwandiswa. IBhunga liphethe amandla engxowa-mali, okuthetha ukuba akukho mali karhulumente enokuchithwa ngaphandle kokubekwa komthetho. Ingadlula umongameli we-vetoes ngevoti ezimbini-3 emagumbini omabini. Inkoliso, iNdlukwanongamela amagosa orhulumente, kuquka uMongameli, kunye neNxatlo-Nkulumbuso anokuqhuba amatyala okususwa.

IBhunga likwahlola ityala ngokumisa isiseko nolawulo lweenkundla eziphantsi, limise inani labagwebi kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo, lize limisele ukutshintshwa komGaqo-siseko okunokubhukuqa iinkcazelo zezomthetho.

Isebe eliphetheyo: ukuphumeza nokuqalisa

UMongameli, njengentloko yesebe elilawulayo, ubekwa ityala lokuphumeza ngokuthembeka imithetho edluliswa yiBhunga. IGatya II linika igunya elilawulayo kuMongameli lize likhethe iofisi njengeNkulumbuso kwiNtloko yemikhosi exhobileyo. UMongameli uqhuba inkqubo yamanye amazwe, uququzelela izivumelwano, kwaye umisela amagosa karhulumente ukuba aqinisekiswe yiNdlu yeeNtlanganiso.

IKhomishini elawulayo ihlola iKhomishini ngamandla eveto, avumela uMongameli ukuba angayifuni imithetho. I-veto inyanzela ukuba iphinde ihlolisise izenzo zayo kwaye isoloko ifuna inkxaso ephezulu ukuze ilawule, inika uMongameli igunya elibalulekileyo kwingxoxo yemithetho. UMongameli ukwanegunya lokukhupha imiyalelo yesebe elilawulayo, elilathiselisa amasebe, kwaye ixolela izono zikarhulumente.

Ngokunxulumene nejaji, uMongameli ubeka amajaji asemthethweni, kuquka abagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo. Ezi zicatshulwa zibumba uqalo lwejaji nolwalathiso lwentanda-bulumko kangangamashumi eminyaka, njengoko abagwebi bequlunqi bemiqathango yobomi babo bonke ngexesha lokuziphatha okuhle.

Isebe eligwebayo: Ukutolika noHlola lomGaqo-siseko

Ijaji yesizwe, ekhokelwa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo, ichaza intsingiselo yemithetho kwaye imisela ubugqeba bayo. Inqaku III limisa amandla okugweba lize liwandise kuwo onke amatyala avela phantsi komGaqo-siseko, umthetho wesizwe, kunye nezivumelwano. Umgaqo wokuhlola kwezomthetho, omiselwe kwityala eliphawulayo Marbury v. Madison [1803], ugunyazisa iinkundla ukubetha imithetho kunye nezenzo zolawulo ezichasene nomGaqo-siseko.

Iinkundla zihlola isebe lowiso-mthetho ngokuhlolisisa ubulunga bomGaqo-siseko wemimiselo. Xa iNgqungquthela idlulisa umthetho ogqitha amagunya ayo adweliswe okanye uphule amalungelo omntu ngamnye, ijaji isenokuwenza angabi namsebenzi. Ngokufanayo, iinkundla zihlola izenzo zolawulo oluphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba bawela kwigunya lomgaqo-siseko likaMongameli zize zithobele umthetho womthetho.

Ijaji iyakhangelwa nangamanye amasebe. IBhunga lingacebisa ukuba kulungiswe izindululo zomgaqo-siseko zokuphelisa izigqibo zomthetho, ukutshintsha ulawulo lweenkundla zesizwe, nokuguqula inani labagwebi. UMongameli umisa abagwebi, kwaye iNdlu yeeNkulumbuso iyabaqinisekisa, inika omabini amasebe impembelelo kumalungu ejaji nakulwalathiso. Abagwebi boMbutho bayakwazi ukutyunjwa nokususwa ngenxa yehambo evakalala.

Indlela Onokuxilonga Nalulungelelwano Ngayo Kulawulo Lokwenene

Isiseko samandla ahlukeneyo sibakho ebomini ngokunxibelelana kwekhonkrithi phakathi kwamasebe. Ezi nkqubo azizizinto ezingekho ngqiqweni kodwa zizixhobo ezisebenzayo ezidlala kwiingxoxo zowiso-mthetho, imigaqo yenkundla, kunye nezenzo zolawulo oluphezulu.

Ulawulo nophando olusemthethweni

IBhunga liqhuba ulawulo oluqhubekayo lwemisebenzi yesebe elilawulayo ngokuchotshelwa kweekomiti, ngophando, nangezicelo zamaxwebhu nobungqina. Lo msebenzi wobuveleli ubalulekile ekutyhileni inkunkuma, ubuqhophololo, ukuxhaphaza, kunye nokungalawuleki okunokwenzeka. Amandla okubiza amangqina nokunyanzela ubungqina aqinisekisa ukuba isebe eliphetheyo lihlala licace kwaye linetyala kubameli babantu.

Uphando oluphezulu lwemisebenzi yobukrelekrele, umgaqo wemali, kunye nehambo yempatho ephezulu lubonisa indlela uphando olusebenza ngayo njengendlela yokuhlola enzima. Ubuchule bokuva iindlebe nokuphanda izinto ezifunyenweyo bukwachaphazela uluvo lukawonke wonke, oluthi ngokulandelayo luphembelela ukuziphatha kwezobupolitika kuwo onke amasebe.

Inkqubela yokucwangcisa kunye nedabi loqinisekiso

Ukumiselwa koomongameli abagwebi namagosa aphezulu alawulayo kufuneka aqhube inkqenkqeza phambili. Le nkqubo ibandakanya imibandela yokuhlola iimfaneleko zabo, intanda-bulumko yokugweba, neembono zenkqubo. Imfuneko idala intshukumisa kumongameli ukukhetha abanokuyalela inkxaso ebanzi, edimaza abatshabhisi abagqithisileyo okanye abangafanelekanga.

Ukunconywa kwamadabi kuye kwanda ngokuphikisanayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, okubonisa izibonda eziphezulu ezibandakanyekileyo. Xa iNdlu yeeNtsimbi ingavumi okanye ilibazisa ngokungenasiphelo ukutyunjwa, ihlola ngokuthe ngqo amandla okumisa kukaMongameli kwaye inyanzelela umphathi ukuba athethe okanye akhethe abatshayeli abatshatelwa ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezogwebo

Iinkundla zihlola rhoqo ubugqeba bomGaqo-siseko wemithetho karhulumente norhulumente. Izigqibo zelizwe ezinjenge Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo [1954], eyabulala ucalulo lobuhlanga kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke, kunye United States v. Nixon[[FLT]] [[FLT] [19774]), eyanyanzela uMongameli ukuba anikezele iikhasethi zeteyibhile ngexesha lempoxo, ibonisa indlela uphindo logwebo lwezahlulelo olusebenza ngayo njengesixhobo esinamandla sokulawula kwisenzo sikarhulumente.

Isisongelo sohlolo lomthetho sikwachaphazela indlela yokuziphatha yowiso-mthetho. IBhunga lilindele iingxaki ezinokwenzeka xa kuqulunqwa imimiselo, kwaye abafaki-mthetho bangayilungisa ngenyameko imithetho yokusebenza ukuze baphumelele uvavanyo lwezahlulelo. Le miphumo ikhokelela ekucinezelweni yinkcazo ephantsi yendlela iitshebe nezilinganiselo ezisebenza ngayo.

Inkqubo yohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali nenkqubo

IBhunga ’ amandla esingxowa senye yezona ndlela zinzima zokuhlola kwigunya eliphetheyo. Akukho nkqubo, lisebe, okanye inyathelo lokuqala elingaqhubeka ngaphandle kwezicelo zonyaka. La mandla avumela iKhomishini ukuba ilungise inkqubo ephambili, ilawule, kwaye ihlole ukusebenza kombutho ngoqingqo-mali.

Xa iKhomishini ingavumi ukuxhasa ingeniso ephambili yobumongameli okanye iquka imiqathango kwindlela imali enokuthi isetyenziswe ngayo, inyanzelisa ngokuthe ngqo inyathelo elilawulayo. Inkqubo yoqingqo-mali ikwanyanzela ukuba kuxoxwe kwaye kuxoxwe phakathi kwamasebe, njengoko urhulumente esongela xa iindleko zokudityaniswa kweminxeba zingadluli.

Isizathu Sokuba Ulawulo Lwedemokhrasi Lubaluleke Yaye Lulungelelene

Inkqubo yee-checks kunye nolungelelwano inceda imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo engaphaya komlinganiselo wamandla. Ikhusela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye ngokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho qonga okanye mdla omnye onokulawula urhulumente. Ikhuthaza ukucinga ngokufuna abadlali abaninzi ukuba bavumelane phambi kokuba kuthathwe inyathelo elikhulu. Inyusa ukuphendulana ngokudala iingongoma ezininzi zokufikelela kwabemi ukuvavanya izigqibo zikarhulumente.

Amava embali abonisa iingozi zokulawula. Inkulungwane yamashumi amabini yabona imizekelo emininzi yoorhulumente abaphelisa imiqathango yomgaqo-siseko kunye negunya eliphakamileyo kwinkokeli enye okanye kwiqela elinye. Iziphumo ziquka izenzo zenkohlakalo ezikhoyo, ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho, nokutshatyalaliswa kwamalungelo abantu ngokucwangcisiweyo. Ukusinda kwedemokhrasi yezomGaqo-siseko kuxhomekeke ekuhlolweni ngamandla okuxhathisa ukunyanzelwa kwegunya.

Njenge U.S. uVimba lweSizwe amaphetshana, abalayishi bomGaqo-siseko babenolwazi oluphangaleleyo ngotyekelo lwamandla okwandisa ngaphaya kwemida yayo efanelekileyo. Bayila inkqubo eyakucothisa isantya sesenzo sikarhulumente, ifuna uvumelwano olubanzi, kwaye inika amathuba amaninzi okukhusela amalungelo amancinci kuninzi lwabadubeli.

Ucelomngeni Lwale Mihla Lwenziwa Yinkqubo Yokukhangela Nokulungelelana

Nangona ikwazi ukumelana nokusebenza, inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela yaseMerika ijamelana neengcinezelo eziphawulekayo zale mihla. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile kubemi abafuna ukulondoloza ulawulo lomgaqo-siseko.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezobupolitika kunye ne-Gridlock yeziko

Xa amaqela ezobupolitika eqhekeka kakhulu, amandla entsebenziswano awenza uvavanyo kunye nolungelelwano lomsebenzi anokuwohloka. Ukunyaniseka kweqela kusenokukuphazamisa ukunyaniseka kwequmrhu, kukhokelela amalungu eBhunga ukuba akhusele ukuqhatha kwequmrhu eliphetheyo xa iqela lawo lilawula iWhite House lize lilichase xa elinye iqela lilawula. Oku kuguquguquka kuyenza ibe buthathaka imiqathango yesakhiwo.

I-Gridlock yenzeka xa amasebe ahlukeneyo alawulwa ngamaqela aphikisanayo efikelela kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokuhamba koqingqo-mali, ukuqinisekiswa kwekomiti yowiso-mthetho, kunye nesenzo sowiso-mthetho. Nangona i-gridlock inokuthintela umthetho oyingozi, isenokudinisa urhulumente kwaye ibangele abantu bangathembani kwimimandla yedemokhrasi.

Ulwando lwamandla alawulayo

Oomongameli bezi mini babo bobabini abasemagunyeni baye bandisa igunya elilawulayo ngobuchule obufana nemiyalelo elawulayo, ukwenziwa kolawulo, kunye nesenzo sokungalandeli mithetho yamanye amazwe. Urhulumente wolawulo uye wakhula kakhulu, wasebenzisa amandla omgaqo-nkqubo wokwenza imigaqo kumaqumrhu aphetheyo asebenza ngomgangatho ohlukeneyo wolawulo lwengqungquthela.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo yabalawuli abalawulayo ukuze baphumeze iinjongo ezingenakuphumelela kwiiNkqutyana zezomthetho kunyusa inkxalabo malunga nemida efanelekileyo yamandla olawulo. Ngoxa imiyalelo yabalawuli besebe isiso sisixhobo esisemthethweni sokulawula imisebenzi yesebe elilawulayo, ukusetyenziswa kwabo ekuphepheni ingxoxo-mpikiswano yemithetho kwimiqathango emikhulu yomgaqo-siseko. [ Brennannan Center yeJaji [ ihlole indlela imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo enxulumene ngayo nenkqubo yamandla ahlukeneyo.

Intanda - bulumko Yezogwebo Nendima Yeenkundla

Iingxoxo ezisekelwe kwintanda-bulumko yokugweba zigxininisa ngokukhulayo kwindlela iinkundla ezifanele zisebenzise ngayo amandla azo okuhlola. Abahlalutyi bezenzo zokugweba baphikisa ngelithi maxa wambi iinkundla ziyayigqitha indima yazo efanelekileyo ngokuyibeka kwibhedri, ngoxa abanye bephikisa ngelithi uhlolisiso oluqatha lwezomthetho luyimfuneko ukukhusela amalungelo asisiseko nxamnye nokungenelela kwemithetho nempangelo.

Inkqubo yokutyumba iijaji zesizwe ithathe inxaxheba kakhulu, kunye namadabi okuqinisekisa asekelwe kwimpembelelo yengqondo yabathathi-nxaxheba kunokuba ibe ziimfaneleko zabo. Oku kubekwa phantsi kusongela ilungelo elithathwayo lejaji kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuxhasa iimpikiswano zomGaqo-siseko njengongathathi-nxaxheba.

Impembelelo Yemali Namaqela Anomdla

Indima yemali kwezobupolitika iye yakhula ngokuphawulekayo, iphakamisa imibuzo yokuba inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela ihlala isabela kubemi abaqhelekileyo okanye iye yabanjwa zizinto ezityebileyo. Iminikelo yekampu, ukukhuthaza, kunye nenkcitho ezimeleyo inokuba nempembelelo kwindlela yokuziphatha yowiso-mthetho, ukwenza izigqibo ezilawulayo, kwanokhetho lwezomthetho.

Xa amaqela anamandla enza inzala ekwazi ukubumba inkqubo kuwo onke amasebe amathathu, ukukhutshwa kwamandla acetywe ngumGaqo-siseko kungathotywa phantsi. Abahlali kufuneka bahlale bephaphele impembelelo yemali kunye nommeli wokuvela nokuziphendulela kwimali yezopolitiko.

Ugcino Lweengxubusho Nolungelelwano Lwezizukulwana Ezizayo

Ukuze kuhlale kukho imida ephumelelayo kwigunya likarhulumente kufuneka abemi, amagosa karhulumente namaziko abantu abahlala apho, yaye le nkqubo ayinakuzixhasa ngaphandle kokuba abantu abayiqondayo, abayixabisayo yaye bekulungele ukuyikhusela.

Imfundo yePhondo kunye nokuLumkelwa

Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente kusisiseko sobumi obunentsingiselo. Izikolo, imibutho yezeenkqubo zolu nxibelelwano, kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni kufuneka zibeke phambili imfundo yezentlalo echaza isakhiwo sikarhulumente, isiseko samagunya ahlukeneyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule be-check kunye nolungelelwano. Abahlali abanolwazi baxhotyiswe bhetele ukuvavanya izenzo zikarhulumente nokugcina amagosa ebeke ityala.

ICurt:0 [iCurnell Greek Information Institute inika izinto ezifikelelekayo kumthetho womgaqo-siseko ezinokubanceda abemi bafumane ulwazi olunzulu ngesakhiwo sikarhulumente namalungelo abo.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ngokukhutheleyo Kwinkqubela Yolawulo - melo

Ukusebenza kunyulo nakuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente yeyona ndlela ingqalileyo abemi abaphembelela ngayo inkqubo. Unyulo lugqiba ukuba ngubani onegunya kwaye ubangela ukuba amagosa akwityala. Ngaphandle kokuvota, abemi banokuba nenxaxheba ngokuya kwiintlanganiso zasesidlangalaleni, ngokuqhagamshelana nabameli abanyuliweyo, ngokusebenza kwiijaji, nangokubandakanyeka kwizenzo zoxolo zokuxhasa iziphumo zabo.

Izenzo zobuGcisa zinokuguqula imekobume yezobupolitika apho urhulumente esebenza khona. Xa abemi belungiselela ukufuna ukuba kubekho ukubonakala, ukuchasa, okanye ukuxhasa utshintsho olungokweziko, bomeleza ilaphu ledemokhrasi elenza uvavanyo nolungelelwano lube nempumelelo.

Inkxaso kwiziko elizimeleyo

Isebe elikhululekileyo lemicimbi yamaphephandaba, iinkundla ezizimeleyo, kunye nebutho elimandundu elilawula abantu lixhasa inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela. Abacholacholi-ndaba bahlolisisa izenzo zikarhulumente baze bazise uluntu ngokubanzi. Imibutho engafumani ngeniso ijonge umsebenzi karhulumente kwaye imele iphendule. Amaziko asekuhlaleni aqhuba uphando aze afundise iinkokeli zexesha elizayo.

Abemi bafanele baxhase la maziko ngokuqhubeka bethembisana, ngeminikelo yemali xa kunokwenzeka, nangokuthetha xa ehlaselwa. Impilo yedemokhrasi yezomGaqo-siseko ixhomekeke kwimeko entle yamazwi azimeleyo anegunya lokuphendula.

Ukuxhasa Utshintsho Olumanyeneyo

Bambi abaqwalaseli baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo yeMelika ifuna utshintsho lokwakha ukuze isebenze ngempumelelo kwixesha langoku. Iinkqubo ziquka ukuguqula ikholeji yabanyuli, imithetho yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso elungelelanisiweyo yokunciphisa imigca enqamlezayo, ukubeka imida kumatyala eNkundla ePhakamileyo, ukomeleza iphulo lezemali, nokucacisa imida yegunya elilawulayo kukhuseleko lwesizwe nakumandla ongxamiseko.

Nokuba ziingcebiso ezingqalileyo zobulumko okanye azilumkanga, ingongoma ebanzi yeyokuba inkqubo yokuhlola nokulungelelana ayimi ndawonye. Ivela ngokulungisa umGaqo-siseko, ngeenguqu zomthetho, ukucaciswa kwemithetho, kunye nemigaqo etshintshayo yezobupolitika. Ingingqi kufuneka zicinge ngezicelo zotshintsho, zivavanya iinzuzo ezinokubakho nxamnye neziphumo ezingacwangciswanga.

Imfuneko Ehlala Ihleli Yorhulumente Olinganiselweyo

Iingqinipho nolungelelwano asiyongcamango yokukhetha. Ziyimfuno yesakhiwo yokuba nawuphi na urhulumente onqwenela ukuba luncedo kwaye akhululeke. Le nkqubo ikhusela ekuzameni ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lobuzwilakhe ngeli lixa igcina amandla okwenza izigqibo zedemokhrasi. Inika imbeko kulwazi lokuba abantu bafuna imiqathango efuna ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya, njengokuba bethemba abemi ukuba bazilawule ngokwabo ngamaziko abameli.

Ukulondolozwa kwale nkqubo kufuna ukuphaphazela, ulwazi, nobumi obukhutheleyo. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka sifunde imigaqo karhulumente womgaqo-siseko size siyisebenzise kwiingxaki zexesha laso. Uvavanyo nokulungelelana okusikelwe umda kwegunya likarhulumente akuyomiqobo kwinkqubela kodwa kukukhusela inkululeko. Ngokuqonda, ukukhusela, nokuphucula ezi nkqubo, abemi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba urhulumente uhlala engumkhonzi wabantu kunokuba abenkosi yabo.