Table of Contents

UMthetho We - Agasti We - 19: Umvuzo Owathabatha Amashumi Eminyaka Engaphambili

UHlaliso lweSigqibo seshumi elinesithoba kuMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States, olwagunyaziswa ngowe-1920, lumi njengempumelelo ephawulekayo ekulweni amalungelo amabhinqa. Olu tshintsho lomgaqo-siseko lwanika amabhinqa ilungelo lokuvota, ngokusisiseko luguqula idemokhrasi yaseMelika kunye nokuphawula incopho yomzabalazo othabatha iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe. Kwintliziyo yale ntshukumo enkulu yayingamabhinqa amabini abalaseleyo awayenobudlelane, ukubona, kwaye anikezelo olungaxengaxengaxengiyo lwawo amanqanaba embalini yaseMelika: Susan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton, iinkokeli zombutho wamalungelo amabhinqa eU.S.

Ibali lokuxinezeleka kwamabhinqa eMerika lelokukhalipha, ukunyamezela, nokulumka. Ngelixesha abaninzi befak' isandla kule njongo, umanyano phakathi kuka-Anthony noStanton lwangqineka lunamandla akhethekileyo kwaye luhlala. Intsebenziswano yabo, eyaqala ngo1851 kwaye yaqhubeka iphele isiqingatha senkulungwane, yadala isiseko sobulumko, intlangano, kunye nokhuthazo lwezopolitiko oluza kukhusela amalungelo okuvola kumabhinqa aseMelika. Ukuqonda igalelo lwawo ngamnye kunye nempembelelo ehlangene kunika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kowona maqela entlalo eMerika.

UElizabeth Cady Stanton: Ubomi Bangaphambili Nobuchule Bokufunda

Ukukhuliswa Ngezifundo Ezibalaseleyo

Utata wakhe uDaniel Cady wayeligqwetha elathi kamva laba yijaji kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseNew York. Esi sikhundla sikhethekileyo samenza wakwazi ukufunda nokufumana ulwazi olungaqhelekanga kumabhinqa exesha lakhe, ukanti kwakhona samchaphazele kwisiphithiphithi esingokomthetho esiye sajongwa ngamabhinqa aseMelika.

Ngo1826, ukufa komntakwabo uEleazar kwamqhubela ekubeni aphumelele kuyo yonke indawo umkhuluwa wakhe owayezama ukuhlawula uyise ngokulahlekelwa nguye. Le ntlekele yobuqu yaba yinto entle, njengoko uElizabeth oselula wayefuna ukuzibonakalisa elingana naye nawuphi na unyana emehlweni kayise. Nangona wayenempumelelo, wadibana nenyaniso ebuhlungu yokuba ibutho labantu lalibeka imiqathango engqongqo kumathuba amabhinqa, kungakhathaliseki oko babenako okanye izinto abaziphumezileyo.

Imfundo Nophando Olusemthethweni

Waya kwiTroy Femainy Seminary eqhubela phambili, apho wafumana eyona mfundo ilungileyo kwibhinqa eliselula elaliphila ekuqaleni kowe - 1830. Stanton waphumelela eTroy Femady Seminary ngowe - 1832. Eli lungiselelo, elasekwa nguEmma Willard, laliphakathi kwezona ziko lemfundo ziphambili kumabhinqa aseMerika, linika iStanton isiseko esinzima sobulumko esasiza kumnceda ubomi bakhe bonke.

Imfundo yakhe yadluliselwa nasemva kwemfundo yangaphakathi. Ngoxa wayefunda kwiofisi kayise yomthetho, wafumana ulwazi lobuqu ngenkqubo yomthetho elawula ubomi bamabhinqa. Wafunda ngokugquma ngelifa() imfundiso esemthethweni eyayithi abafazi abatshatileyo "bafa ngokuphandle" emehlweni omthetho ) kwaye wabona amabhinqa eza kwiofisi kayise efuna uncedo kwiingxaki ezingokwasemthethweni ezibangelwa kukungabi namalungelo. La mava avelisa imbewu yokuzinikela kwakhe kumabhinqa ubomi bawo bonke.

Umtshato Notshintsho

Ngomza wakhe uGerrit Smith wabandakanyeka kwimibutho elwa nobukhoboka; ngo1840 watshata noMphathiswa wedabi uHenry B. Stanton. Umtshato wakhe noHenry Stanton, isithethi esiphambili nomququzeleli ophambili, wamngenisa kwintsebenziswano yotshintsho eyayitshintsha ibutho lamaMelika ngexesha lemfazwe. Uhambo lwexesha lasemva kweholide ukuya eLondon kwiNdibano yehlabathi eThenti-Sriabley ngo1940 lwangqina lubalulekile kwinkqubela phambili kaStantonton njengommeli wamalungelo amabhinqa.

Kwindibano yaseLondon, abathunywa abangamabhinqa, kuquka uStanton kunye nomphathiswa wamaQuaker uLucretia Mott, bakhatywa ilungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko ngenxa nje yesondo labo. La mava ahlazisayo, nangona egunyazisiweyo njengeenkonzo zokuphelisa, uStanton wachaza indlela ecacileyo yokuqonda ukuba ukuthobeka kwabafazi yayikukungathobeli okungundoqo okwakufuna ukuxhathisa okucwangcisiweyo. Yena noMott bathetha ngemfuneko yokuba indibano enikezelwe kumalungelo amabhinqa, incoko eya kuthwala iziqhamo kwiminyaka esibhozo kamva.

Ubomi Basekhaya Nokunganeliseki Okukhulayo

Xa aba bakwaStantons basuka eBoston ukuya kwidolophana yaseSeneca Falls, eNew York, ngo1847, uElizabeth wabandezeleka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabantu abakrelekrele. UStanton wayehlala nomyeni wakhe nabantwana abasixhenxe kule dolophu incinane apho iimfuno zobomi basekhaya nobumama zazimshiya engakwazi ukucinga. Ukusuka kweli xesha lokuphelelwa lithemba wafumana isigqibo sokuguqula indawo yamabhinqa kwibutho labantu.

Umahluko phakathi kobomi bakhe bangaphambili eBoston, apho wayekwazi ukufikelela kwizangqa ezikrelekrele kunye nohlaziyo, kunye nobutsha bakhe emaphandleni aseSeneca Falls wabalaselisa iimfuno ezithintelayo ezibekwe kwiimbopheleleko zasekhaya kubomi bamabhinqa. Oku kunxunguphaliswa nokungaqiniseki kwaba ngunobangela wokuqhuba i-acliv, njengoko wayeqonda ukuba uxanduva lwakhe lubonakalisa imeko ebanzi yamabhinqa aseMelika.

USusan B.O.O. Anthony: Ubomi Bangaphambili Nendlela Yokuzilolonga

Imvelaphi Yomququzeleli Nemilinganiselo Eqhubekayo

Susan B. Anthony wazalwa ngoFebruwari 15, 1820, kufuphi noAdams, Massachusetts kuDaniel Anthony noLucy Anthony. UDaniel, umQuaker, umsila, nomnini-matshini, kunye nomnye utshintsho, waqinisekisa ukuba iintombi zakhe kunye noonyana bakhe bafumene imfundo entle. Le ndlela yobuchule kwimfundo yayiyiphawu lwemilinganiselo yamaQuaker, eyayibalaselisa ukulingana ngokomoya phakathi kwamadoda namabhinqa.

Ngokungafaniyo namabhinqa amaninzi aseMerika awayephila ngexesha lakhe, amabhinqa angamaQuaker ayenokuthetha kwintlanganiso zonqulo aze abe nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiindawo ahlala kuzo. Oku kwamenza uAnthony waqiniseka yaye waqonda ukuba uyalingana nto leyo eyayiza kumnceda kamva.

Ukufundisa Umsebenzi Wangaphambili Nokwenza Utshintsho

Emva kwemfundo yakhe, wasebenza njengomfundisi- ntsapho. Ngonyaka ka-1848, emva kweminyaka elishumi efundisa, uAnthony waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuphucula ulawulo njengomxhasi womoya ophantsi. Amava akhe njengomfundisi- ntsapho amchanaba kwisiphiwo soqoqosho amabhinqa ayejongene ne-(/abafundisi-ndibaniselwano bamantombazana, kwanaxa wayesenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Oku kwazibonelela ngokufumana intlawulo kwamenza walungela amalungelo amabhinqa.

Wadibana neDaughts of Deferance ngo1848, washiya ukufundisa ngo1849, kwaye kungekudala waba yinkokeli egqalwayo kwiphondo laseNew York. Ngomsindo, wakhuthaza amabhinqa ukuba afune izisombululo ezisemthethweni zokukhusela iintsapho zawo kubuhlwempu nogonyamelo olubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kwamadoda awo. Umbutho wokudambisa umoya wanika uAnthony amava akhe okuqala ekuthetheni esidlangalaleni, ekulungiseni, nasekusebenziseni i-avocanting , kunye neziqhatho eziza eziza kuba luncedo kumsebenzi wakhe wamva.

Ukuziqhelisa Ngobukhoboka

Wazalwa kwintsapho yamaQuaker eyayizimisele ukulingana nabantu, waqokelela izibongozo ezichasene nobukhoboka xa wayeneminyaka eyi-17 ubudala, emva kokuba intsapho yakwa-Anthony ifudukele eRochester, eNew York ngo1845, yaqalisa ukuhambela phambili kwimibutho elwa nobukhoboka. Abalwa nomkhosi wamakhoboka uQuaker babedibana kwifama yabo phantse ngeCawa nganye apho babedla ngokuthelelwa nguFrederick Douglas noWilliam Lloyd Garrison.

Ngo1856, waba ngumphathi wengingqi yeMelika elwa noMbutho weZikhundla. Le ndawo yayifuna ukuba ahambe kulo lonke elaseMerika, alungelelanise iintlanganiso, afune amalungu, anyuse imali ngenxa yesizathu sokuphelisa. Lo msebenzi wawusoloko uyingozi `izikhulumi zobukhoboka `izaziwa ngezobugqwirha kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zijongene nezihlwele ezinobundlobongela obungokwasemzimbeni , kodwa yaqinisa ukuzimisela kwakhe kwimicimbi yentlalo.

Indibano yeeFasi zaseSeneca: Ukundulula iNtlanganiso yamalungelo amabhinqa

Ukulungiselela Intlanganiso Yembali

Wayengumphathi ophambili wemfazwe ye-1848 Seneca Falls, indibano yokuqala eyabizwa ngenjongo yokuxubusha amalungelo amabhinqa, kwaye wayengumbhali oyintloko weSibhengezo sawo se-Sentiments. NgoMott kunye namanye amabhinqa amathathu, uElizabeth wakhokela kwindibano yamalungelo amabhinqa okuqala eSeneca Falls ngoJulayi 1848.

Ithe yafunyanwa kwiWesleyan Chapel yedolophu yaseSeneca Falls, eNew York, yathatha iintsuku ezimbini ngaphezu koJulayi 19-20, 1848. Kwixesha lendibano, abantu abaqikelelwa kumakhulu amathathu bathabatha inxaxheba, inani elingakhawuleziyo lababekhona lanika uluntu oluninzi lwabaphelisi nabaguquli abahlala kummandla weSeneca Falls. Le ndibano yatsala abafazi namadoda ababezimisele ukuguqula intlalo, nangona iintlanganiso zosuku lokuqala zazigcinelwe amabhinqa kuphela.

ISibhengezo Sezindululo

Umbhali oyintloko weSindululo yayinguElizabeth Cady Stanton, owasimisela kwiSindululo senkululeko saseUnited States. Kule ndibano, wanikela iSibhengezo sawo samaLungelo neSigunya, uxwebhu awalubhalayo. Ngokuphinda ngabom ulwimi nesakhiwo seSibhengezo senkululeko, uStanton wenza impikiswano enamandla: kanye njengokuba abalandeli belizwe laseMerika babevakalise ukuzimela kwabo kwingcinezelo yaseBritani, amabhinqa aseMerika ayevakalisa ukuzimela kwawo ekusebenziseni ingqwalasela-a amadoda.

Isindululo nezigqibo zaso ezili-11 zazifuna ukuba onke amabhinqa alinganayo ngokwentlalo nakwezobupolitika, kuquka ezona zityholo zawo zididayo, ilungelo lokuvota. Olu xwebhu luchaza iindlela ezininzi apho amabhinqa ahlulwa amalungelo asisiseko yaye acalulwe ngokusemthethweni.

Imfuneko yakhe yelungelo lamabhinqa lokuvota yabangela impikiswano kwindibano kodwa ngokukhawuleza yaba yi-cet ephakathi yentshukumo yamabhinqa. Abaninzi ababelapho, kuquka uLucretia Mott, ekuqaleni bachasa ukuquka ukuchasa phakathi kwezimfuno, besoyika ukuba yonke intshukumo ibonakale inamandla kakhulu kwaye ijongene nenkxaso yenye iinguqulelo. Noko ke, Stanton wanyanzelisa, kwaye ngenkxaso kaFrederick Douglas, owaya endibani yaye wathetha ngokuphandle exhasa indibano, isigqibo sadlula.

Impembelelo Nelifa Leengxangxasi zaseSeneca

Isibhengezo sendibano seMithetho yaba "nguthunywa obalulekileyo ekusasazeni iindaba zombutho wamalungelo amabhinqa kulo lonke ilizwe ngo1848 nakwixesha elizayo". Satsala ingqalelo ebanzi, salandelwa zindibano zamalungelo abanye amabhinqa, kuquka iConvention yamalungelo eRochester Women eRochester, New York, iiveki ezimbini kamva.

ISibhengezo seSeneca Falls samisa indibano yamabhinqa ekwakuqulunqwa kuyo njengenjongo esemthethweni yezopolitiko kwaye sadala isiseko sokwenza umsebenzi wobuPhondo. ISibhengezo soluHlulo loMkhosi siluxwebhu esasayinwa ngo1848 ngamabhinqa angama-68 kunye namadoda angama-32.100 kwabangama-300 ababekho kwindibano yamalungelo amabhinqa yokuqala eyalungelelwa ngamabhinqa. Aba batyikityo babemela ukuzinikela ekulweni amalungelo amabhinqa ngexesha laxa loo mkhosi wawugqalwa njengongqongqo nongamkelekanga.

IAnthony-Sttantonship: Inkcubeko yendaleko

Intlanganiso Eyimbali

Ngo1851, wadibana noSusan B. Anthony kwaye wayila umanyano oluthabatha amashumi eminyaka olwalubalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kwamalungelo ombutho wamabhinqa. Kwikona yendlela eSeneca Falls ngo1851, uAmelia Blootmer wachaza uSusan B. Anthony to Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Le ntshumayelo, icetyiswe nguBloomer, umxhasi onomoya wesinyanzelo nomphengululi wokuphucula amalungelo, iza kungqineka yenye yeentlanganiso eziphambili kwimbali yaseMelika.

Susan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton badibana ngo1851. Bahlala bengabahlobo kunye nabasebenzi kwimibutho yamalungelo amabhinqa kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu eyalandelayo. Ngonyaka ka-1851, uSusan B.Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton baqalisa intsebenziswano eyathi yavela yaba yenye yezona misebenzi esebenzayo kwimbali yase-U.S.

Amandla Neziphiwo Eziluncedo

Stanton wayengumenzi wento, uAnthony umququzeleli wakhe. UAnthony waphumelela ekulungiseni, ngeli xesha uStanton wayenobuchule bokusebenzisa imicimbi yengqondo nokubhala. Olu lwahlulo lomsebenzi lwangqineka lunempumelelo ephawulekayo, luvumela ibhinqa ngalinye ukuba linikele ngamandla alo abalaseleyo kwintshukumo.

Stanton wayelilizwi eliphambili nesobulumko bamalungelo namalungu amabhinqa kunye nentshukumo ngeli lixa uAnthony wayeyindlu elawulayo eyayilawula amajoni amabhinqa awayezama ukuwina ibhola yokufaka amabhinqa aseMelika. Ubukrelekrele bukaStanton njengombhali kwaye ucingele walungiselela isiseko sobuchule kwintshukumo, ngexa uAnthony egcuntswana etshintsha iingcamango zaqalisa ukusebenza.

Stanton kamva wathi, "Ngokubhala senza umsebenzi ongcono kunye kunaleyo singenzayo sodwa. Ngexa ecothayo kwaye eqamba, ndikhawuleza kwaye ndiyiprojekthi. Ndingumbhali ongcono, ungongcono ugxeki. Oku kuqondana kweetalente zomnye kwadala umanyano olusekelwe kwintlonelo kunye nokhuphiswano kunokuba lukhuphiswe.

Iindlela Zomsebenzi Nezinto Ezinamandla Zobuqu

Ngenxa yokuba uStanton wayehlala esekhaya nabantwana abasixhenxe ngoxa uAnthony wayengatshatanga yaye ekhululekile ukuhambahamba, uAnthony wancedisa Stanton ngokukhokela abantwana bakhe ngexesha uStanton ebhala. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oku kwavumela uStanton ukuba abhale iintetho zikaAnthony. Eli lungiselelo lenza uStanton wakwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wengqondo phezu kwazo nje iimfuno zobumama, ngoxa uAnthony wafumana ithuba lokufumana iintetho ezinamandla neengxoxo awayenokuzinika abantu kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Stanton, evalelwe ekhaya lakhe ngokuba ngumama (wazala umntwana wakhe wesixhenxe nowokugqibela ngo-1859), wakhuthazwa ziingcamango zika-Anthony ezicingisileyo. UAnthony waba ngumkhosi ophambili ophambili osemva kwayo yonke imisebenzi yabo. Akazange avumele uStanton ukuba angabi namsebenzi, esoloko emnyanzela ukuba abhale enye enye intetho, enye ebanzi.

Anthony wabhenela kuStanton ngeendlela ezininzi ukutyhubela iminyaka yabo yokusebenza kunye, engavumi ukuba neofisi nakweyiphi na intlangano enokuthi imbeke ngaphezulu Stanton. Oku kulwamkelwa komkhosi kwabonisa intlonelo enzulu ka-Anthony ngenkokeli kaStanton yobulumko nokuqonda kwakhe ukuba ubudlelane babo basebenza kakuhle xa ibhinqa ngalinye likwindima yalo yemvelo kwiqela.

Amaphulo amakhulu neempumelelo zolungiselelo

Imigudu Yokuqala Ebalulekileyo

Bathi kunye baseka iPhondo laseNew York Labesifazane likaHulumeni emva kokuba uAnthony ethintelwe ekuthetheni kwingqungquthela ephantsi kuba wayelibhinqa. Esi siganeko, apho uAnthony wathuliswayo ngenxa yesondo lakhe, sabonisa imfuneko yokuba amabhinqa azenzele imibutho yawo apho anokusebenzisa ukhokelo kunye nokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo.

Inxunguphalisiwe yimiqobo eyavela ngexesha lomsebenzi wabo wokuqala .(ukukhokela kwabo kweWoman’s State Deferance Society ngo1854). UAntony noStanton baqalisa iphulo lamalungelo abafazi babo lokwandisa iMandla aBafazi baseNew York ngo1848. Njengoko kwakuza kuba lisiko, uAnthony, owayengatshatanga kwaye engenazimfuno zentsapho, elungeleleze aqhube iphulo. Wahamba e-rhulumenteni lonke ixesha, ethetha nge 54 uqikelelo lwaseNew York. Stanton wenza uphando olusemthethweni, wanyanzela uncwadi luka-Anthony, wawabela bobabini.

Ukuthatha Isindululo

Ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya yaseMelika, baseka iPhondo laManyano athembekileyo aMazwekazi ukuze kupheliswe ubukhoboka, kwaye bawakhokela kwisicelo esikhulu kwimbali ye-U.S. ukufikelela ngelo xesha. Ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya baseka iSizwana sabafazi esithembekileyo, esaqhuba isicelo esikhulu kwimbali yaseUnited States, ukuqokelela utyikityo olumalunga ne-400,000 ukuxhasa ukupheliswa kobukhoboka.

Eli phulo likhulu lesicelo labonisa amandla ezobupolitika amabhinqa kwanangaphambi kokuba avote. Ngokulungiselela amakhulu amawaka emityikityo efuna ukuba iSindululo seshumi elinesithathu siphelise ubukhoboka, uAnthony noStanton babonisa ukuba amabhinqa angaphembelela inkqubo yesizwe ngobuchule bobuProtom. Impumelelo yale phulo yanika amava axabisekileyo ekulungiseni isantya esikhulu nto leyo eya kunceda iqela kamva.

Iphephandaba Leenguqu

Baqalisa ukupapasha iphephandaba lamalungelo amabhinqa ngo-1868 elibizwa ngokuba yiMvukelo. Le mpapasho yeveki ngeveki, enentetho yayo ekhaliphileyo ethi "Amadoda, amalungelo awo kwaye engasaphathwanga nto; amabhinqa, amalungelo awo kunye nento engekho ngqiqweni," yanika iqonga lokuphuhlisa iimpikiswano zamalungelo amabhinqa kunye nokunikela ingxelo ngemisebenzi yombutho. Iphephandaba lathetha ngemiba emininzi equka amalungelo omsebenzi, umvuzo olinganayo, utshintsho lomthetho, kunye nemfundo yamabhinqa, ukongeza kwimibutho efuna amalungelo.

Stanton wasebenza njengomhleli, ebhala izihleli ezinamandla ezazicel ’ umngeni ukucinga okuqhelekileyo ngeendima namakhono amabhinqa. UAnthony walawula icala loshishino, ukwakha imirhumo nokuphatha usasazo. Nangona iphephandaba lazama ukuxhathisa ngemali laza layeka ukupapashwa ngo-1870, ladlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazeni amalungelo amabhinqa nokudala ingqiqo yoluntu phakathi kwabaxhasi belizwe lonke.

Ukufumana Intlangano Yesizwe Yabafazi Abafunxayo

Emva konyaka, baseka iNational Woman Suffnge Association njengenxalenye yokwahlulwa kombutho wamabhinqa. Ngo1869, umbutho wamabhinqa wahlulahlulwa ngamaqhinga nangezinto eziphambili. Emva kwentlanganiso, Stanton, uAnthony kunye nabanye baseka iNational Woman Suffnge Association kwaye bajolise ingqalelo kwimposiso yempumlo yombuso.

Ukwahlulwa kwenzeka kakhulu ngaphezu koMphetho-mva weshumi elinesihlanu, owanika amadoda aseAfrika aseMelika amalungelo okuvota kodwa hayi amabhinqa. Ngoxa amanye amaBhalisa, ekhokelwa nguLucy Stone noHenry Blackwell, axhasa ukulungiswa kwalo nakubeni la mabhinqa aye alahlwa kwaye aseka iZiko leMelika Woman Suffge ukuze aqhubeke amaphulo asemthethweni, uAnthony noStanton bachasa ukupheliswa kokususwa kwamabhinqa kwaye badala i-NWSA ukuze balandele i-mGaqo-siseko we-omfamfakazi wesizwe.

I-NWSA yathatha indlela engqongqo kakhulu kumalungelo amabhinqa, ithetha kungekuphela nje ngokuwagxeka kodwa kwanotshintsho lomthetho womtshato, amalungelo omsebenzi, nezinye iingxaki ezichaphazela imeko yamabhinqa. Intlangano yahlala phantsi kokhokelo lukaStanton noAnthony kamashumi amabini eminyaka, inika inqwelo - mafutha ukuze ibone ukuba amabhinqa alingana ngokulinganayo.

Susan B. Ukubanjwa nokuvavanywa kuka-Anthony: Ukucinywa

Isenzo Senkalipho Sokuchwayita

Kumzamo wokucell ’ umngeni, uAnthony noodade wakhe abathathu bavota kunyulo lukaMongameli wonyaka ka-1872. NgoNovemba 5, 1872, uAnthony wahamba kwiprojekthi yokucheba iinwele eRochester, eNew York, eyayisebenza njengendawo yokuvota kwaye yafuna ukubhaliswa ukuba ivote. Emva kokuba bengazange bavume, abahloli bonyulo bavumela uAnthony nabanye abafazi abalishumi elinesihlanu ukuba babhalise. Ngomhla woMlawuli woMkhosi, uAnthomon waphosa i-Ulysses S. Grant.

Isenzo sika-Anthony sasiluvavanyo lwangabom lokuba ngaba uHlaziyo lweshumi elinesine, olwanika amalungelo obumi kubo bonke abantu abazelwe okanye abadaliweyo eUnited States, lwaluquka ngokupheleleyo ilungelo lokuvota. Waphikisa ngelithi njengommi, wayenawo onke amalungelo obumi, kuquka ne-suffinge. Le ngcamango esemthethweni, eyaziwa ngokuba "yiNew Restature," yabonisa ukuzama ukuzuza amalungelo okuvota ngokutolika komgaqo-siseko kunokuba ibonise ukupheliswa ngokutsha.

Ukubanjwa Nokuqhubeka Ngokusemthethweni

Wabanjwa eRochester, kwikhaya lakhe laseNew York, wabethwa kwinkundla yenkundla yaseOntario County, eCanangua, eNew York. Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuvota, i-Marshal yase-U.S. yafika kwikhaya lika-Anthony ukuze imbambe ngenxa yetyala lokuvota ngokungekho mthethweni. Wamangalelwa liququzelelwa ligosa elikhulu lejaji laza lala ukuhlawula ngokomthetho, nangona ekugqibeleni igqwetha lakhe layifaka ngokuchasene neminqweno yakhe.

Ijaji yayalela abachopheli-tyala ukuba bamfumane enetyala ngaphandle kwengcebiso, yaza yagunyazisa ityala elingu-100. Ityala, elaqulwa ngoJuni 1873, laliyi-projekthi yokugweba. IJaji uWard Hunt, ijaji yeNkundla Ephakamileyo esandul'ukumiselwa, yayibhale isigqibo sayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalise ukuchotshelwa. Yala ukuvumela uAnthony ukuba anikele ubungqina kuye kwaye yayalela abachobi ukuba babuyise isigwebo esinetyala ngaphandle kokucinga.

Ukuvukela Noluvo

Xa uAnthony wangavumi ukuhlawula ityala eliyi $100 nemali yenkundla, ijaji ayizange imgwebe ngexesha lokuvalelwa entolongweni, nto leyo eyaphelisa ithuba lakhe lokubhena. Isibheno sasiya kuvumela umbutho wokhuphiswano ukuba uthathele ityala lokuvota kwamabhinqa kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo, kodwa kwakungenjalo.

Ngaphambi kokuba agwetywe, uMgwebi uHunt wabuza uAnthony ukuba wayenokuthini na. Wathetha ngelizwi elivakalayo evakalisa ukuba akasoze ahlawule imali elingana nemali eninzi engekho sikweni. Ngokuvumelana nelizwi lakhe, akazange azame ukuyiqokelela, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ukwenza oko kwakuya kumenza abhenele.

Nangona iqhinga elingokwasemthethweni lasilela, ukubanjwa nokuvavanywa kuka-Anthony kwabangela ukuba kusasazwe kakhulu ngenxa yetyala. Wayenikele iintetho ezininzi ngetyala ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala, yaye iziganeko zona ngokwazo zatsala ingqalelo yesizwe. Esi siganeko sabonisa okungekho sikweni kokukhanyela amabhinqa amavoti nenkalipho yokunyathela imithetho engekho sikweni ukuze kuqhutywe ityala lawo.

Iminikelo Engathatyathi Nzima Nombhalo Wembali

Imbali Yomfazi Uqhatha

Ukususela ngo-1881 ukuya ku1885, uAnthony wathelela uElizabeth Cady Stanton noMatilda Joslyn Gage ekubhaleni imbali yeWoman Saffge. Lo msebenzi mkhulu, ekugqibeleni oquka imiqulu emithandathu namawaka amaphepha, wachaza indlela amalungelo amabhinqa asuka kwimvelaphi yawo ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Imiqulu yokuqala, eyapapashwa ngo1880, yaquka ixesha ukususela ngo1848 ukuya ku1885 kwaye yayingumsebenzi weStanton, uAnthony, noGage.

Imbali yeMany Suffger yasebenza iinjongo ezininzi. Yagcina ingxelo ebhaliweyo yentshukumo, kuquka iintetho, iileta, amanqaku amaphephandaba, kunye neentlanganiso zendibano ebezinokulahleka. Yaphinda yayila indlela umbutho ozakukhunjulwa ngayo, iStanton kunye noAnthony ezimisa ngayo kunye nentlangano yabo embindini wengxelo. Ngoxa le ndlela iye yagxekwa ngababhali-mbali abathile abachasa abanye abaxhasi nemibutho, umsebenzi uhlala ungumthombo obalulekileyo wokuqonda iqela elihambayo.

Lo msebenzi wawufuna iminyaka emininzi, njengoko uAnthony nabasebenzi bakhe babeqokelela amaxwebhu, beqhuba udliwano-ndlebe, bebhala iingxelo zenkqubela yeli shishini. UAnthony waxhasa ngemali iindleko ezininzi zempapasho, ebonisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuba imbali yeli qela yayiza kugcinwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Iintetho, Iintetho Nentetho Yesidlangalala

Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo, uStanton noAnthony babengababhali abanobuchule kunye nezithethi. UStanton wabhala iintetho, izincoko, namanqaku amaninzi, kunye namanqaku amaphephandaba namaphepha-ndaba. Ubhalo lwakhe lwalungathethi nje kuphela ngokuchaphazelisa kodwa luthetha nokuguqula umtshato, umthetho woqhawulo-mtshato, imfundo yamabhinqa, amalungelo empangelo, kunye nokugxekwa konqulo. Ukuvuma kwakhe ukuqhuba imibandela ephikiswayo maxa wambi kwadala ingxabano phakathi kweqela lengingqi kodwa kwakhona kwafaka imida yentetho eyamkelekileyo emalunga namalungelo amabhinqa.

UAnthony, nangona engonwabanga kakhulu ngokubhala kunoStanton, waba ngomnye wabathethi bakawonke-wonke abaphumelelayo bexesha lakhe. Wanikela amawaka eentetho kumsebenzi wakhe omde, ehamba rhoqo ukuya kusasaza umyalezo owenziwe ngomsitho. Isimbo sakhe sokuthetha sasithe ngqo kwaye sasiyinyaniso kunokuba sibe nentyatyambo, kwaye wayenobuchule obubalaseleyo bokunxibelelana nabantu abahlukahlukeneyo kwaye ephendula ngokunempumelelo kwimibuzo erhabaxa kunye nokungxola.

Zizonke, iziphumo zazo zoncwadi zadala isiseko esibanzi samalungelo amabhinqa. Zachaza iingxoxo zokulingana ngokusekelwe kumalungelo emvelo, kwimigaqo yedemokhrasi, kwimicimbi yezoqoqosho, kunye nentlalo eluncedo. Iincwadi zazo zaphembelela kungekuphela nje abantu ababephila ngexesha elinye kodwa kwanezizukulwana ezilandelayo zamalungelo abafazi nabahlaziyiweyo.

Ukhokelo Lolungiselelo Nokwakhiwa Kwentsebenziswano

Umdityanisi neNtlangano yaBafazi baseMerika

Ngonyaka we-1890, iNational Woman Suffge Association yadityaniswa neZiko leMelika iWoman Suffinge, elalimela ukudityaniswa kwamabhinqa (phakathi kwezinye izinto ezahlukileyo). Emva kwamashumi amabini eminyaka ecandelo, imibutho emibini emikhulu idityaniswe ukuze ibumbe iNational American Woman Suffnge Association (NAWSA). Oku kwadibanisa kwabonisa ukuqwalaselwa ukuba umbutho uyakuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuba umanyano lungamanyaniswa.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first president of the new group, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), but Anthony was effectively its leader. Anthony became NAWSA president in 1892. Under Anthony's leadership, NAWSA became the primary vehicle for suffrage activism in the United States, coordinating campaigns across the country and maintaining pressure on both state legislatures and Congress.

Ukuxhathisa Isizukulwana Esilandelayo

UCarrie Chapman Catt wathatha indawo ka-Anthony njengomongameli wentlangano xa wathatha umhlala-phantsi ngo1900. UAnthony waqonda ukubaluleka kokuphuhlisa ukhokelo olutsha ukuze luqhubeke umsebenzi emva kokuqalisa kwesizukulwana. Wacebisa abaselula abalwandisi kuquka uCatt, uAnna Howard Shaw, noHarriot Stanton Blatch (Elizath Cady Stanton), eqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kokhokelo kunye nobuchule.

Olu tyalo-mali kwisizukulwana esilandelayo lwabonakala lubalulekile kwimpumelelo epheleleyo yombutho. UCatt, owasebenza njengomongameli weNAWSA ngexesha lokutyhalela okugqibeleyo kweNguqulo yeshumi elinesithoba, wasebenzisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zezobupolitika kunye neendlela zombutho ezakhelwe kwisiseko esabekwa nguAnthony noStanton. Ubuchule bombutho bokuziqhelanisa nokuziguqula ngexesha ukulondoloza umsebenzi wakhe ongundoqo kwakuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili yokhokelo uAnthony awayibekayo kwiminyaka yakhe yamva.

Udibaniso lwezizwe ngezizwe

Susan B. Anthony wasebenzela nezinye izizathu, kuquka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudalweni kweBhunga labafazi lezizwe ngezizwe kwaye wancedisa ekuququzeleni iCongress of Messarety Women kwiFair yomhlaba yowe-1893 eChicago. UAnthony waqonda ukuba amalungelo amabhinqa ayengumzabalazo wehlabathi lonke kwaye asebenzela ukwakha unxulumano phakathi kwamaMelika ama-suffrain namagxalaba axhasa inkxaso kwamanye amazwe.

IBhunga lezizwe ngezizwe laMantombazana, elasekwa ngo1888, lahlanganisa imibutho yamabhinqa evela ehlabathini lonke ukuze yabelane ngeqhinga kwaye ixhase imigudu yomnye. UAnthony wahamba izihlandlo ezininzi ukuya eYurophu ukuya kwiingqungquthela zezizwe ngezizwe nokuya kutsho kulwalamano lwamazwe angaphandle. Olu nxulumano lwanceda amaMerika afunda kwimpumelelo nakwesiphendu samazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye wafak' isandla kwimibutho ekhulayo yamalungelo amabhinqa.

Iingxaki, Ukungavisisani Nemilinganiselo

Impikiswano Yokuhlaziywa Kweshumi elinesihlanu

Enye yezona ziganeko zididayo kuAnthony noStanton kwimisebenzi yabo yayiquka ukuchasa kwabo uMphetho-mda weshumi elinesihlanu, owalela ukukhanyela ivoti esekelwe kwibala kodwa ongaquki isini njengeqela elikhuselekileyo. Omabini amabhinqa aphikisa ukuba kuyinto engekho sikweni ukukhuthaza amadoda aseAfrika aseMerika ngelinye ixesha eqhubeka ekhankanyela ukuvota onke amabhinqa, kuquka namabhinqa aseAfrika.

Xa ethetha, uStanton ngamanye amaxesha wayesebenzisa ubugcisa bobuhlanga kunye nobugcisa, ephikisa ngelithi amabhinqa amhlophe afundileyo ayefanelwe kukuvota ngaphezu kokungafundanga kwangaphambili amakhoboka. Ezi mpikiswano zonaka ulwalamano kunye nababesakuba ngamahlakani okuphelisa, kuquka uFrederick Douglas, kwaye wadala ingxwabangxwaba phakathi kombutho wamabhinqa kunye nombutho wamazwe aseAfrika alwela amalungelo abantu. Ngoxa u-Anthony wayenobuchule obungadumxiyiyo kunoo Stanton, wayexhasa ukuma kunye noxanduva olunye lomonakalo obangelwa yile.

Le mpikiswano ibalaselisa uthintelo lokubona kukaAnthony noStanton ulingana. Ngexa babesoloko belwa ngokungakhathali kumalungelo amabhinqa, babengaluboni okanye balubeke phambili ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo abajamelene nalo amabhinqa anemibala, amabhinqa asebenzayo, okanye amabhinqa afudukayo. Intshukumo yawo yayikhokelwa kwaye ijoliswe kwinkxalabo yamabhinqa amhlophe, aphakathi, umlinganiselo onokuthi uqhubeke kwiqela lamashumi eminyaka.

Imbambano Engokonqulo NeBhayibhile Yomfazi

Kwiminyaka yee-1890, Stanton waqalisa iprojekthi ephikisanayo eyadala uxinezeleko olukhulu kwintshukumo. Wapapasha i Bible yaMai , ikhombe lamalungelo abafazi kwiindinyana zeBhayibhile ezixelwa abafazi. Stanton waphikisa ukuba iimfundiso zonqulo zingowona mthombo uphambili wengcinezelo yamabhinqa kwaye iBhayibhile ichazwe ngeendlela ezithethelela ukuphakama kwamabhinqa.

Uninzi lweencwadi ezibhaliweyo, kuquka ezinye zamahlakanikazi kaStanton, zoyika ukuba oku kuhlaselwa konqulo kwakuza kususa abaxhasi kwaye konakalise unobangela we-suffije. NAWSA ngokusemthethweni yazihlukanisa ngokwayo ne Bible kaWoman's[, idlulisa isigqibo esithi umbutho awunalunxibelelwano nomsebenzi. Oku kukhalimela kukawonke-wonke kweStanton ngentlangano wanceda ukufumanisa ukuba i-tevoratism ekhulayo yombutho we-suffilegenga nomnqweno wokwenza ibonakale njengengenalu hlobo lokuzinzo.

UAnthony, nangona engavumelananga nesigqibo wathethelela ilungelo likaStanton lokuchaza iimbono zakhe, akazange athabathe ihlombe likaStanton kwimpikiswano yonqulo. Oku kwamela enye yeengxubusho ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwala mabhinqa mabini kwaye kwabonisa indlela umanyano lwawo olunokwanela ngayo iimbono ezahlukeneyo nezinto eziza kuqala.

Iingxoxo ezicwangcisiweyo nokwahluka kobuchule

Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo, uAnthony noStanton bajamelana neengxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga namaqhinga kunye namaqhinga. Ingaba le ntshukumo ifanele ijolise kuphela kwintelekelelo okanye ibhekise kwiimpikiswano zamalungelo amabhinqa ezibanzi? Ingaba bafanele balandele utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko okanye banikele ingqalelo kumaphulo karhulumente azimeleyo? Ingaba bafanele baxhase nezinye iintsebenziswano zotshintsho okanye balondoloze inkululeko?

Ezi mpikiswano zabonisa ukungaqiniseki okuyinyaniso ngohlobo olusebenzayo lwendlela engaphambili. UAnthony wakhetha indlela ephambili, ubuchule bentlangano obujolise kwimibuzo enzima. UStanton wathatha imbono ebanzi, ekholelwa ukuba ukuthobeka kwamabhinqa kwakusekelwe kwimibutho emininzi, imicimbi yezoqoqosho, intlalo, kunye neyonqulo kwaye zonke ezi zinto zifuneka zicelwe umngeni ngaxeshanye.

Uxanduva oluphakathi kwezi ndlela lwaqhubeka kuyo yonke imbali yombutho. Ekugqibeleni, iphulo elinempumelelo loMphetho-mda weshumi elinesithoba laya kusebenzisa iziqalelo zombini ezizicwangciso: ukulondoloza uqwalaselo olucacileyo kwivoti ngexa kuxoxwa ngemibandela enxulumeneyo yemeko yezoqoqosho nentlalo yamabhinqa.

Iminyaka Yokugqibela Nokudlula Kwetorki

UElizabeth Cady Stanton

Kwiminyaka yakhe yamva, Stanton waqhubeka ebhala ethetha ngamalungelo amabhinqa, nangona wabandakanyeka kancinci kumsebenzi woququzelelo wemihla ngemihla wentshukumo ye-suffge. Wapapasha i-autobiography yakhe, Iminyaka eqinileyo kunye noMninzi , ngo1898, enika ingxelo yobuqu yobomi bakhe kunye nokuphuhliswa kombutho wamabhinqa. Le ncwadi yanikela ukuqonda kwinkqubela-lwazi lwakhe, intsebenziswano yakhe noAnthony, kunye nokucaciswa kwakhe kwinkqubela kunye nocelomngeni lwembutho.

Stanton wahlala esebenza ngobulumko de kwasa ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, eqhubeka ebhala izincoko neeleta ngamalungelo nangezinye izinto ezibangela utshintsho. Ukuvuma kwakhe ukuqhuba imibandela edidayo akuzange kunciphe, kwanaxa kudala ubunzima kwintshukumo yokuzingisa. Wahlala eqinisekile ukuba ukulingana kwamabhinqa kufuna iinguqu ezingundoqo kwindlela yentlalo, kwiinkolelo zonqulo, nakwiziko lemibutho, kungekhona nje iinguqu ezingokomthetho.

UElizabeth Cady Stanton wafa ngo-Oktobha 26, 1902, eneminyaka engama-86 ubudala. Akazange aphile ukuze abone ukudityaniswa koMphetho-wiso-mthetho weshumi elinesithoba, kodwa wayebeke isiseko solwazi nowentlangano esenza ukuba ihambe phambili yaso ekugqibeleni iphumelele. Ukufa kwakhe kwakhalazwa ziincwadi zokubhalisa kulo lonke elo lizwe, ezaziqonda ukuba balahlekelwe zezinye iinkokeli ezikrelekrele nezinemibono.

Susan B. Iphulo lokugqibela likaAnthony

Wayehamba jikelele kwilizwe elikhuthaza amalungelo namalungelo amabhinqa aqeshweyo minyaka le de afe. Wafa ngo-1906, iminyaka elishumi elinesine phambi kokuba amabhinqa amaninzi anikwe ilungelo lokuvota ngokudlula koMphetho-mda we-19. Kwanakwiminyaka yakhe yeshumi elinesibhozo, uAnthony wagcina ucwangciso olunzima lokuhamba nokuthetha izibophelelo, ezimisele ukuqhuba ityala elinobundlobongela ngangokunokwenzeka phambi kokufa kwakhe.

Wahlala ekhuthele de kwasa ekupheleni kobomi bakhe. Ukubonakala kukawonke-wonke kukaAnthony kwakukwimibhiyozo yakhe yama-86 eWashington, D.C., ngoFebruwari 1906, apho amabhanki avela phesheya kwelizwe ayehlanganisene khona ukuze amnike imbeko. Kwintetho yakhe yokugqibela, wakhuthaza isizukulwana esitsha ukuba siqhubeke nomkhosi, evakalisa ukuba "IFailre ayinakwenzeka" ```amagama anokuba sisibongozo sentlanganiso yombutho.

Susan B. Anthony wafa ngoMatshi 13, 1906, ekhayeni lakhe eRochester, eNew York. NjengoStanton, akazange aphile ukuze abone ukuphunyezwa kwenjongo awayenikezele kuyo ubomi bakhe. Kodwa wafa esazi ukuba le ntshukumo yomelele, ilungelelene, kwaye ikhokelwa ngabaxhasi abaselula abanokuqhubeka nomsebenzi. Umngcwabo wakhe watsala amawaka abantu ababezilile, kunye nerhafu ekhutshelwe emhlabeni wonke, eqonda ukuba ngomnye wabavukeli ababalulekileyo kwimbali yaseMerika.

Indlela Eya Kuhlaziywa Kwe - 19

Ukwakha Kwisiseko

Emva kokufa kuka-Anthony, umbutho owenziwe ngesaffgey waqhubeka wakha kwisiseko yena noStanton ababesidalile. Izakhiwo zentlangano ababezisungulile, iimpikiswano ababezichazile, kunye neenkqubo zombutho ababezakhe zonke zangqineka zibalulekile kwinqikelelo yokugqibela yokuvota. Iinkokeli ezifana noCarrie Chapman Catt noAlice Paul basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. . UCatt wasebenzisa ingxubusho ejongene noqhushushululu lwezopolitili, uPaul walungiselela ukulwa nokuthatha iNdlukwano kunye nokuthatha indlu emhlophe, kodwa zombini zakhiwa kwisiseko esabekwa zizizukulwana zangaphambili.

Intshukumo yaphumelela ngo1910 njengoko amazwe amaninzi aye enika amabhinqa uvoti kunye noluvo lukawonke-wonke ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwamabhinqa kumgudu wemfazwe ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I kwaqinisa iingxoxo zokuba amabhinqa afanele amalungelo apheleleyo okuba ngabemi. UMongameli Woodrow Wilson, ekuqaleni wachasa ukurhoxiswa kwamabhinqa, ekugqibeleni waxhasa ukurhoxiswa komGaqo-siseko, enika inkxaso engundoqo kwezobupolitika.

Ukwenziwa Kwemijukujelwa Noloyiso

ISichithi-Mpanziso seshumi elinesithoba sadluliselwa yiKhonkxa yeNkqutyana ngoJuni 1919 yaza yathunyelwa kumaphondo ukuze kukhutshwe ulwahlulo. Iphulo lokudityaniswa kwemida lafuna ukulungelelaniswa okunzulu kumaphondo alilo lonke elo, njengoko amaBhanki ayesebenza ukuqinisekisa iindlu zowiso-mthetho ukuba zivume ukupheliswa. Idabi lehla eTennessee, elathi laba lizwe le-36 le-raym lowethu ngoAgasti 18, 1920, linika inkoliso yeekota ezintathu ezazifuneka ukuze kupheliswe inxalenye yoMgaqo-siseko.

NgoAgasti 26, 1920, uHlaziyo lweshumi elinesithoba lwavunywa ngokusemthethweni njengenxalenye yoMgaqo-siseko. Ulungiso lolwimi olulula ($" Ilungelo labemi baseUnited States lokuvota aliyi kukhanyelwa okanye livalelwe nguUnited States okanye nguRhulumente ngenxa yesondo").=Incopho yeminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe yesenzo sobuProtestanti, idini, kunye nenzondelelo.

Ilifa Nentsingiselo Yembali

Ukuguqula Ulawulo - melo LwaseMerika

UMthetho-nkqubo weshumi elinesithoba waguqula idemokhrasi yaseMerika ngokuphinda-phinda umgaqo wokuba amalungelo obumi angafanele axhomekeke kwiintlobano zesini. Ngoxa ukulungiswa kwemiqathango kungakhange kucombulule ngokukhawuleza zonke iingxaki zokuthathi-nxaxheba kwamabhinqa kwezobupolitika.(amabhinqa amaninzi anemibala eninzi aqhubeka ejongene nemiqobo yokuvota ngerhafu, iimviwo zonyuso, kunye noloyiko (ukungamela inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokulingana nedemokhrasi yokwenene.)

Uloyiso oluxhobisayo lwabonisa amandla okuzingisa kwintsebenziswano entlalo. Umbutho wamabhinqa wabonisa ukuba ukulungelelanisa, ukucinga okucwangcisiweyo, kunye nokuzingisa ngokuzingisileyo kokulwa nokufumana iinguqu ezisisiseko zomgaqo-siseko. Esi sifundo siza kukhuthaza inkqubela-phambili yamalungelo abantu, kuquka umbutho wamalungelo abantu base-Afrika eMerika woo1950 nawoo 1960 kunye nombutho wesibini wamalungelo olwesibini owee-wavedyulian woombutho wee1970.

Ukuhlonela UAnthony NoStanton

Istanton ikhunjulwa, kunye noLucretia Mott noSusan B. Anthony, kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo weChencus ka-1921 ka-Adelaide Johnson eUnited States. Ibekwe iminyaka emininzi kumbhalo wecapitol, yasuswa ngo1997 yasiwa kwindawo ebanzi e-U. Capitol Rollanda. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa iinkokeli ezintathu zombutho we-suffile Johnson, usebenza njengesikhumbuzi esisisigxina seminikelo yazo kwidemokhrasi yaseMelika.

Zininzi ezinye izikhumbuzo, amanxuwa embali, kunye nezikhumbuzo zokudumisa uAnthony kunye nelifa likaStanton. IAnthony Museum neNdlu yeSizwe eRochester, eNew York, zigcina ikhaya lika-Anthony kwaye zithetha ngebali lobomi bakhe nomsebenzi wakhe. IZiko laMasipala Elikhulu Lesizwe Lesizwe eSeneca Falls liquka indawo yendibano yonyaka ka1848 ze ichaza imbali yamalungelo amabhinqa. Ezi ndawo zitsala amawaka eendwendwe unyaka ngamnye, ziqinisekisa ukuba izizukulwana ezintsha zifunde ngemfazwe yamabhinqa.

Uphando lophando kunye nokubuyiselwa

Ababhali-mbali bale mihla baye banikela uluvo olucacileyo ngeminikelo ka-Anthony noStanton, beqonda impumelelo yabo kunye nezithintelo zabo. Abaphengululi baye babalaselisa indlela abajolise ngayo kwinkxalabo yamabhinqa amhlophe, aphakathi maxa wambi bawabeka phantsi amava kunye nezinto eziphambili zamabhinqa asebenzayo, namabhinqa asebenzayo, nabafazi abaphambukeli. Intetho yobuhlanga uStanton oqeshiweyo naye uAnthony wanyamezelayo iye yagxekwa ngokufanelekileyo njengempazamo enzulu yokuziphatha eyathi yonakalisa umbutho lawo kwaye yangcatsha imigaqo yawo echaziweyo yokulingana.

Kwangaxeshanye, ababhali-mbali bayavuma imiqobo emikhulu abajamelana nayo uAnthony noStanton kunye nenkalipho efunekayo ukuvavanya iinkqubo ezizinzileyo zokungalingani kwamabhinqa. Badala imizekelo yentlangano, bavelisa iingxoxo eziyekelelayo, kwaye babonakalisa ukhokelo olwabhenca undoqo wamalungelo amabhinqa ngeendlela ezisisiseko. Umanyano lwabo lwabonisa indlela intsebenziswano esekelwe kumandla aphelelisiweyo enokuthi iphumelele ngayo ngaphezu komgudu womntu ngamnye.

Amalungelo alombutho ayaqhubeka ezama ukumelana nelifa elintsonkothileyo lembutho yokuphembelela. Impumelelo yeqela ekukhuseleni amalungelo okuvota yayiyokwenene kwaye ibalulekile, kodwa umsebenzi wokufumana ukulingana kokwenene uhlala ungaphelelanga. Iimbambano zamalungelo okuzala, ubulungisa bezoqoqosho, umelo lwezobupolitika, kunye nokukhululeka kugonyamelo ziyaqhubeka zifuna ukwenziwa kombutho kunye nokungalawuleki. Kulo mzabalazo oqhubekayo, umzekelo wokunikezelwa kuka-Anthony noStanin, ukucinga okulungele ukufezekisa, nokuvuma ukuvavanya ukungabikho kokusesikweni kuhlala kufanelekile kwaye kubangela ukhuthazo.

Izifundo Zokwenza Umthetho

Amandla Obuhlobo

Umanyano lweAnthony-Sttanton lubonisa amandla entsebenziswano kwimibutho yoluntu. Ubuchule babo bokuqonda nokusebenzisa amandla omnye komnye, ukuxhasana ngezixhobo eziphazamisanayo kunye neempikiswano, nokugcina umanyano lwabo iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu lungumzekelo kumalungu akhoyo. Intshukumo ezisebenzayo zifuna ubuchule obuhlukeneyo . /iingqondo, ubuchule bokubona, unxibelelwano loluntu, ukuqokelela, isakhiwo esimanyeneyo, kwaye umanyano oluzisa abantu kunye kunye namandla ahlukeneyo lungaphumelela ngakumbi kuneenkokeli ezisebenza zodwa.

Inkcitho

Impumelelo yombutho we-suffileig yayifuna ukucinga ngendlela elungeleleneyo kunye nomgudu ozingisileyo ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka. UAnthony noStanton baqonda ukuba ukufikelela iinguqu ezisisiseko zentlalo azinakwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okanye lula. Bavelisa iindlela ezininzi zokufumana ingxube-gqaba-gqaba-gqaba-gqaba-gqaba, ukurhwaphiliza kwemithetho, ukuqesha ulawulo lukawonke-wonke, ukulungelelanisa iingca zobuchule bazo njengoko iimeko zitshintsha. Bakwaqonda nokubaluleka kokwakha okunokuthi kuqhubekele iintshukumo ezingaphaya kobomi benkokeli ngabanye.

Olu manyano lobubhetyebhetye nozibo oluzingisileyo lunika izifundo ezibalulekileyo kwimibutho yanamhlanje. Ukufumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwentlalo kufuneka zombini izigqibo ezifutshane zobuchule kunye nokubona okude. Ifuna ubuchule bokufunda kwiimpazamo, ukuqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo, nokugcina inkqubela-phambili xa ibonakala icotha okanye ingaqinisekanga.

Ukubaluleka Kokudibana Kwabantu

Ukusikelwa umda kokufikelela kukaAnthony noStanton (kodwa ukusilela kwabo ukuchaza ngokufanelekileyo indlela oluhlanga, udidi, nezinye izinto ezidityaniswe ngayo kunye nesini ukuvelisa amava ahlukeneyo engcinezelo, qhatha ukubaluleka koko abaphengululi bexeshana bakubiza ngokuba kukudibana kweminqamlezo. Intshukumo ezisebenzayo zobulungisa bentlalo-ntle kufuneka ziqonde ukuba abantu bafumana ucalucalulo oluninzi, olungenanisiweyo kwaye ubuchule bokufikelela ukulingana kufuneka bacombulule olu ngqiluko.

Ungquzulwano phakathi kombutho wamabhinqa kunye nombutho wamalungelo abantu base-Afrika kunye nokubekwa komgangatho wamabhinqa anemibala phakathi komjikelezo, kubonisa iindleko zokungafumani indlela yokuvula izithuba. Intshukumo ze-Contemporary zifunde kwezi ngxaki kwaye ziqonda ngakumbi ukuba kufuneka kusekelwe kumava kunye nokhokelo lwabo bajongene neendidi ezininzi zengcinezelo.

Isiphelo: Imiphumo Ehlala Ikho

Susan B. UAnthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni uHlaziyo lweSinese nenkqubela-phambili yamalungelo amabhinqa eMelika. Umanyano lwabo, oluthabathela kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, ludibene nobukrelekrele nentlangano, lusenza umbutho owaguqula ibutho lamaMelika ngokusisiseko. Umbono nombhalo kaStanton wanika isiseko sentanda-ntanda-bulumko sokulinganisa amabhinqa, ngelixesha ukulungelelanisa nokukhuthaza izakhiwo ezifunekayo ukuze ziguqulele ingqiqo kwizinto zendalo.

Iminikelo yabo yadlulela ngaphaya kophumelelo olukhethekileyo lwamalungelo okuvota. Bacel ’ umngeni iingcamango ezisisiseko malunga namandla namathuba afanelekileyo amabhinqa, zaza zachaza izityholo ezinamandla zokulingana ngokusekelwe kumalungelo emvelo nemigaqo yedemokhrasi, zaze zabonisa ukuba amabhinqa anokuba ngabadlali abaphumelelayo bezobupolitika nangaphambi kokuba avote. Badala imibutho, iimpapasho, kunye neenkqubo ezixhasa ukuqhubekeka kwamashumi eminyaka enkcaso kunye nezithidala. Bacebisa abaxhasi abaselula ababeza kuqhubeka nomsebenzi emva kokufa kwabo.

Kwangaxeshanye, ilifa labo linzima ngenxa yokusilela kwabo ukwamkela ngokupheleleyo umbono opheleleyo wokulingana. Ukuchasa kwabo uMphetho-mda weshumi elinesihlanu, ukusebenzisa kwabo ngamathuba athile ubuchule bobuhlanga kunye nobuchule bobugcisa, kunye nokugxininisa kwabo kwinkxalabo yamabhinqa amhlophe, aphakathi, kwabonakalisa imiqathango enzulu eyayonakalisayo inkqubo yalo ebhaliweyo. Oku kusikhumbuza ukuba kwanabo baxhasi abazinikeleyo bezobulungisa banokuba namabala afihlakeleyo kwaye ukufikelela umlinganiselo wokwenene kufuna ukulumkiswa okuqhubekayo nxamnye nesilingo sokubeka phambili amalungelo abanye abantu phezu kwabanye.

Phezu kwazo nje ezi zithintelo, uAnthony noStanton bahlala bebalasele. Banceda ekuveliseni intshukumo eyafumana ulwando olubalulekileyo lwamalungelo edemokhrasi kwimbali yaseMerika. UMthetho wolawulo lwedemokhrasi, wagunyaziswa iminyaka elishumi elinesine emva kokufa kuka-Anthony kunye neminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo emva koStanton, yamela ukuzaliseka kombono abawuchazayo eSeneca Falls ngo1848. Ngoxa kungekho mfazi owayephila ukuphosa i-boloti esemthethweni, umsebenzi wobomi bakhe wakwenza kwanokwenzeka kwizigidi zamabhinqa aseMerika ukuba asebenzise ilungelo elisisiseko lokuba ngummi.

Namhlanje, njengoko siqhubeka sizama ukumelana nemibuzo yokulingana, okusesikweni, kunye nokuthathi-nxaxheba kwedemokhrasi, umzekelo kaSusan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton usasebenza. Ukuzinikela kwabo kwisizathu esikhulu kunezo zabo, indlela abacinga ngayo kunye nobuchule bentlangano, ukuzimisela kwabo ukucel ’ umngeni amaziko anamandla neenkolelo eziqinileyo, kunye nokusebenzisana kwabo ngokusekelwe kwintlonelo kunye namandla aphelelisiweyo konke konke kusifundisa ukuba iinguqu ezingundoqo kwintlalo zinokwenzeka, kodwa kufuneka babone, ubuchule, ukunyanzelela, nokukulungela ukusebenza kunye ukuze bafikelele usukelo olufanayo.

UMthetho weSizwe wesiThathu weSigqibo ungqinelana nomsebenzi wobomi bawo namandla olungiselelo lokuguqula ibutho labantu. Ngelixesha umzabalazo wokulingana kokwenene uqhubeka, isiseko abawubekayo kunye nomzekelo abawumiselayo uyaqhubeka uphembelela izizukulwana ezintsha ezisebenza ukuze zakhe ilizwe elinobulungisa nedemokhrasi. Ulwazi oluninzi ngentshukumo yamabhinqa, tyelelani [[FLT:] amalungelo amabhinqa [[FLT]] amalungelo eesizwe [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [FLT] [5] Umthetho wamabhinqa] okanye zihlole ubuncwane [[FLT:] kumsebenzi owenziwa kwiminyaka edlulileyo].[FLT].[FLT]