Abaphathi-mikhosi bezixeko ngabaphathi-mikhosi abayintloko boomasipala, abajongene nemisebenzi yorhulumente wengingqi yosuku nobuchule obude bexesha elide borhulumente wesixeko. Ekushukumiseni okubalulekileyo ukuphelisa imekobume yedolophana, indima yabo iye yavela njengesixhobo sokunyusa amandla atshayelela ulwamkelo. Ngokungafaniyo noosiyala okanye amalungu ebhunga lesixeko, abaphathi besixeko abasebenza phakathi koomatshini borhulumente basekuhlaleni, beguqulela iinjongo ezibanzi kwisenzo esiqinileyo. Ubuchule babo bokulungelelathisa amaziko, ukulawula uqingqo-mali, ukusungula, nokuhamba ngeendawo ezithe ngqo kubenza babe nesikhundla esikhethekileyo sokuqhuba i-skiplue kwicala lelanga, umoya, nezinye izinto ezicocekileyo. Eli nqaku lihlola indima ebanzi yomphathi-ofisi besixeko ekuxhaseni amandla, iingxaki zabo, kwaye bayakwazi ukumelana nenkqubo elungele ukusetyenziswa kwikamva.

Isizathu Sokuba Abaphathi Besixeko Bebe Nzima Ngokusetyenziswa Kwamandla Okuphinda Bafumaneke

Imisebenzi yamandla avuselelwayo ngezantsi — nokuba kuseluphahleni lwelanga, ii-turbines zomoya woluntu, okanye ii-tromal teathermal meters @ azenzeki kwi-atmosfera. Zifuna ukuququzelela ukuhambelana kwesebe lesixeko elininzi: ucwangciso kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi, uluntu, umsebenzi wemali, izimali, kunye nee-ofisi ezizinzileyo. Abaphathi bezixelo bahlala kwi-ne-nexus yala masebe, benika ukhokelo olufunekayo ukudibanisa oovimba nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso enamandla enamandla anamandla agqithiselwe ngamabhunga ezixeko

Ngaphezu koko, abaphathi besixeko bajongene noqingqo-mali kunye neenkqubo zokufumana imali. Oku kubanika ulawulo olungqalileyo ngendlela imali kamasipala enzelwe ngayo ukuhlaziywa kombane, ukubuyiselwa kwezivumelwano zamandla, kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Kwakhona balawula amalungiselelo okuphuculwa kwekomkhulu lesixeko, anokuthi aquke imisebenzi emikhulu efana nokufakwa kwelanga kwizakhiwo zikamasipala, unyuselo lomkhosi weenqanawa, kunye neenkqubo zombane zesithili.

Ngokwe-International City/Collegionary Management Association (ICMA), oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baya baziqonda ngakumbi iinzuzo zoqoqosho nezemekobume zamandla ahlaziyekayo. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa yi-ICMA kunye ne-Urban Sumetating Balathisi bogcino-lwazi lufumanise ukuba ngaphezu kwama-60% oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bathathe uhlobo oluthile losukelo lombane oluvuselelwayo. Abaphathi bezixeko bakwindawo ephambili ekufikeleleni ezi zinto kuba bajongele iinguqu ezifunekayo kumsebenzi ofunekayo.

Uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo nozalisekiso: Ukusuka kumbono ukuya kwikhowudi

Abaphathi bezixeko badla ngokukhokela ekuphuhlisweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo eyenza ukuba abemi namashishini bafumane amandla avuselelekayo nanokufikeleleka. Ngeli xesha amalungu ebhunga lesixeko evota ngokwemigaqo, abaphathi besixeko baqinisekisa ukuba loo migaqo imiselwe kakuhle, iyanyanzeleka, kwaye iyadityaniswa nezinye iinjongo zikamasipala. Iindawo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Imvume evunyiweyo: Esinye sezixhobo ezinkulu ezithintela uphahla lwelanga sisixhobo esicothayo, esibizayo, nesididayo. Abaphathi bezixeko bangasebenzisa inkqubo elungeleleneyo, kwi-intanethi evumela ukunciphisa amaxabiso kunye novukelo lwamaxesha. Umzekelo, i-Solar Automated Exption Processing (SolarP+ sixhobo, esenziwe yi-National Renability Enereration Laboratory (NREL), ivumela amadolobha ukuba avumele ngokuzenzekela ukunikezelwa kwekhowudi-uhlalo lwendawo yokuhlala. Abaphathi beziXeko bangaxhasa ukwenziwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo ukuba ziqhawule itepi.
  • Iinkqubo zoNcedo-phambili: Ii-parate zerhafu, amandla acocekileyo empahla (PACE) kunye neenkqubo zemali-mboleko ezingeyomfuneko zingavala umsantsa wamali kubemi. Abaphathi beziXeko basebenza namasebe emali ukuyila iinkqubo zemali ezilondolozwayo nezilula ukuzisebenzisa.
  • Imithetho yokwakha eluhlaza: Ixhobisa uphahla olulungiselelwe ilanga, imilinganiselo yokusebenza kakuhle, kunye nezithuthi zombane ezifuna umbane ezifuna izibonelelo kulwakhiwo olutsha zinganyusa ngokuphawulekayo amandla anokuphinda avuseleleka ngaphandle kwenkcitho kawonke-wonke. Abaphathi bezixeko basebenzisana nabahloli kunye nabacebi bokwakha ukunyanzelisa le mithetho.
  • Abalawuli beziXeko bayakwazi ukuxhasa ukudalwa kwemiyezo yelanga esetyenziswa ngelanga neyangaphantsi ukuze bangenelwe kumandla elanga. Kwakhona banxibelelana ngezixhobo ezincedisayo ukuqinisekisa imigaqo elungileyo yemitha enethwekhi abathengwa ngabathengi ngelanga kwizizukulwana ezigqithisileyo.

Umzekelo wokwenene wehlabathi: Umphathi wesixeko saseOrlando, eFlorida, wakhokela umgudu weminyaka emininzi wokuhlaziya udweliso olubanzi lwamandla nekhowudi yesixeko, okuphumela kwimfuneko yokuba zonke izakhiwo ezitsha zokuhlala zibe zilungele ilanga. Esi sixeko sikwavelisa umlinganiselo wemisinga ovumela umhla nelanga. Kwiminyaka emithathu, ukufakwa kwelanga eOrlando kwanda ngama-50%.

Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni

Abaphathi bezixeko badla ngokuba ngabenzi-mali abayintloko kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Bakha imibutho kunye nabaphuhlisi bobucala, abasebenzi bombane, imibutho engangeni ngeniso, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente kunye norhulumente ukuze bazise imisebenzi ehlaziya amandla ebomini. Le ndlela isetyenziswayo ibalulekile kuba izixeko ezininzi azinazo izibonelelo zangaphakathi zokuxhasa nokukhupha inyathelo elikhulu lokucoca amandla.

Unxulumano olusemngciphekweni noluntu (PPP)

Ngaphantsi kwePPP, isixeko singaqesha indawo yophahla okanye umhlaba ongenanto kumbhekisi phambili welanga wabucala. Umbhekisi phambili, owezakhe, nogcina inkqubo ngelixa isixeko sithenga amandla ngesantya esimiselweyo (isivumelwano sokuthenga amandla, okanye iPPA). Le mizekelo ayifuni komkhulu eliphambi kwesixeko kwaye iyakwazi ukutshixa iindleko ezisezantsi zikambane kangangamashumi eminyaka. Abaphathi bezixeko baphatha ingxoxo esemthethweni nemali ukuqinisekisa inzuzo yesixeko kunye nabemi baso.

Umanyano neMithetho kaRhulumente

Urhulumente wengingqi unika inkxaso-mali ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yombane ehlaziywayo yasekuhlaleni ngesebe leMali (DOE), i-Epagement yoKhuselo lweNzaleko (EPA), kunye neSebe leNzaleko neNguquko ye-Urban (HUD). I-Inflatection Reduction Act (IRA) kuphela inika amawaka ezigidi zemali emali yokuthenga irhafu, inika iinkqubo, kunye nemali-mboleko. Abaphathi beziXeko kufuneka bahlale benolwazi ngezi nkqubo, banikele iizicelo zokhuphiswano, baze balawule ukunikezela ngemiqathango yeminxeba okanye isivumelwano esinika inkxaso engaphandle ukuze baphumelele.

IiBhanki eziluhlaza neBond zikaMasipala

Inani elikhulayo lezixeko liseka iibhanki eziluhlaza .) Amaziko athengwa ngokusemthethweni anika imali-mboleko ephantsi ukwenzela imisebenzi yococeko. Abaphathi beziXeko bangakhokela ekuvelisweni kwebhanki eluhlaza ngokuqokelela imali ekhoyo karhulumente, utyalo-mali lwabucala, kunye namaqhina kamasipala ukuze benze ingxowa-mali-mali ejikelezayo. Umzekelo, iMontgomery County Green Bank eMaryland ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwelanga, ugcino-mandla, kunye nemisebenzi yempumelelo ukwenzela abahlali abaphantsi nabafumana imali encinane, ebonisa ukuba iimodeli ezinjalo ziyaphumelela kwaye ziyasetyenziswa.

Iingxaki Abalawuli Bezixeko Abamele Bazoyise

Phezu kwako nje ukuphatha kwabo, abaphathi bezixeko bajamelana nemiqobo emikhulu ekuqhubekeni befumana amandla angakumbi.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Kuqingqo-mali

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basoloko bevalelwe, kwaye utyalo-mali oluvuselelwayo lwemali kufuneka lukhuphisane namapolisa, nomlilo, neendlela, nezikolo. Abaphathi beziXeko kufuneka benze ityala leshishini: amandla anokuphinda ancitshiswe amaxabiso okusebenza, ayile imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, atsale amatyala erhafu. Umzekelo, ukufaka iipali zelanga kwisakhiwo sikamasipala kusenokuba nexesha elihlawulayo elimalunga neminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi, emva koko isixeko songa amawaka eera eerandini ngonyaka. Abaphathi bezixeshini bangasebenzisa iindleko zovavanyo lobomi ukuze babonise ukuba amandla acocekileyo asiyo inkcitho kodwa utyalo.

Inkcaso Yezobupolitika Neentshaba

Asingabo bonke abaxhasi abaxhasayo. Abaphathi bezixeko abanokuchasa uluntu okanye imibhobho yemitha. Abanye abahlali bangaququzelela ii-injini zomoya okanye iifama ezinkulu ezihamba ngelanga ngenxa yenkxalabo yokubona okanye yengxolo. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka babandakanye ekungeneleni uluntu olunemisebenzi, bathethe ngenyaniso ngeli xesha bekhuthaza abalawuli bemithetho exhasayo. Bangavelisa iikomiti zokhuselo eziquka abameli abaluncedo, amaqela engqinelanayo, nabaphathi bezoshishino ukuze bakhe imviwo.

Ubuntlola bobuchule noxinzelelo lwegridi

Ukusebenzisa igridi yombane ukuphatha imithombo yamandla eguqukayo ehlaziyekayo kulucelomngeni lobugcisa. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka basebenze namaqabane abo aluncedo (nokuba umasipala, ikhoop, okanye inkampani yomgcini-mali) kwisixokelelwano sokusasaza, ukuseka iimitha ezintle, kunye nokusebenzisa izisombululo zogcino-mandla. Oku kufuna ubuchule obunzulu okanye ukufikelela koochwepheshe. Abaphathi abaninzi besixeko baqesha abaphathi-mikhosi okanye abaphathi-mandla ukuxhasa okanye ukuvala lo msantsa.

Ukulingana Nokusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwakhona kuye kwajongwa ngokwembali kwimimandla etyebileyo, ebanzi yabamhlophe. Abaphathi bezixeko banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abafumana imali eninzi kunye noluntu olunombala banokuncedisana kwiingenelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuyila iinkqubo zokususa imiqobo yemali, ukwenza izindlu zeentsapho ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba zibekho, nokubandakanyeka kumaqela asezantsi ngokwembali. Imali yesolane nePaCE, xa ibhanki ibhaliswe kakuhle, inceda ekufumaneni amandla okusebenza ngokulingana.

Iindlela Zokwenza Impumelelo: Indlela Abalawuli beziXhobo Abanokukhokelwa Ngayo

Ukuhlangabezana nezi ngxaki kufuneka ubuchule obucacileyo. Owona mphathi wesixeko uphumeleleyo uthatha amanyathelo alandelayo:

1. Yakha Iqela langaphakathi elinamandla

Amanyathelo avuselelweyo amandla anqumla amasebe, ngoko ke abaphathi besixeko kufuneka bavelise iqela eliluhlaza eliphakathi kwe-interdepartment(okanye batyumbe umlungelelanisi ozinzileyo okhokelayo(ukuzalisekisa). Eli qela kufuneka liquke abameli ekucwangcisweni, kwimisebenzi kawonke-wonke, kwimali, ekugunyazisweni komthetho, nakuluntu. Intlanganiso ezithe rhoqo ziqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso noxanduva.

2 Zibekele Usukelo Olucacileyo Nolufanelekileyo

Ngokungqalileyo, amaxhoba afunyanisiweyo anamandla anokuhlaziywa ngexesha (umz., “i100% yemisebenzi kamasipala egunyaziswe ngokutsha ngo-2030”) anika isikhokelo esicacileyo kwaye avumela inkqubela-phambili yokulandelela. Abaphathi bezixeko bangathatha iisethi ezifana neSicwangciso se-Sierra Club se-100 okanye inkqubo ye-DOE’s SolSmart ukuseka usukelo lwabo.

3. Bandakanye abantu

Ukuganana kwabantu okuphumelelayo kudlulela ngaphaya kokuchotshelwa kwabantu. Abaphathi beziXhosa bangangenisa iindawo zokusebenzela, baqalise iindawo ze-intanethi ukuze bafumane ingxelo, baze basebenzise amaphulo okuthengisa asekelwe kuluntu ukuze bakhe ihlombe. Iinkqubo zemfundo kwizikolo nakumaziko oluntu zingawanciphisa amandla avuselelwayo kwaye babalaselise iingenelo zobuqu njengeendleko eziphantsi ze-oktroniki.

4. Ugcino-lwazi lwelevergage kunye neempawu

Izigqibo zogcino-lwazi eziqhutywayo zilula kwaye ziyasebenza. Abaphathi beziXhosa kufuneka balandele usetyenziso lwamandla kwizakhiwo zikamasipala, iziphumo ze-grid, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yebhetshi kwizixeko zoontanga. Umlawuli we-EPA's Portfolio kunye ne-DoE’s Energy Atlas zizixhobo eziluncedo. Ukunikela ingxelo ngokucace gca kwakha ukuthemba nokubonisa ukuphendula.

5. Unyango Lobundlobongela

Ukuthenga amandla anokuphinda avuselelwe ngokufumana (umz., ukhetho loluntu lokukhetha ukonakalisa okanye ukukhupha i-oyile eluhlaza) kunganciphisa iindleko kunye nempembelelo engakumbi yentengiso. Abaphathi bezixeko bangadibanisa kunye nezixeko eziselumelwaneni ngegunya elihlangeneyo ukuxoxa ngenani elingcono nabasebenzi abasebenza ngokugcina izixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa kunye nabaphuhlisa.

6. Ukuveliswa kwemali kuphuhliso lombane

Abaphathi beziXhobo bangasebenzisana neekholeji kunye nezikolo zorhwebo ukuze baqeqeshe abahlali ukuze bafeze ezi ndima, beqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo zezoqoqosho zotshintsho lombane zihlala kuluntu. Iinkqubo zophando lofakelo lwelanga okanye ulungiso lwezithuthi zombane zibaluleke kakhulu.

Ufundo lwetyala: AbaPhathi beziXhobo bayasebenza

Uhlolisiso oluye lwenziwa kumabali empumelelo yehlabathi lubonisa imiphumo enokubangelwa ngumphathi ozahluleleyo wesixeko.

St Petersburg, Florida: Umphathi weSixeko uDonna Hayes wakhokela ekuziyiseleni nasekuzinziseni okuquka usukelo lwe 100% lwamandla avuselelwayo kwimisebenzi yesixeko ngo-2035. Wajonga ukufakwa kwe2-megawatt yophahla lwelanga kwisityalo sonyango lwamanzi sesixeko, .

UMinneapolis, Minnesota: Ngonyaka ka1918, uMphathi weSixeko uMark Ruff wakhokela uhlaziyo olubanzi kwicebo lemozulu yesixeko emva kokuba ibhunga lesixeko livakalise ungxamiseko lwemozulu. Waseka i-Ofisi yokuzinzisa nokuHlanganisa nokuBumelwa Kwendawo, esuswa kunxulumano oludityanisiweyo. Phantsi kokhokelo lwakhe, uMneapolis osebenzisanayo noXcebisi lwe-Ener ukuze aphuhlise inkqubo yoluntu yomyezo wesixeko jikelele ngoku enika amandla acocekileyo kwizindlu ezifikelela kumawaka angamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu asezantsi.

Lolu hlobo, Colorado: Umphathi weofisi yesixeko waqhubela phambili ukudalwa kwecebo leBoulder’s Energy Future, eliquka ukhetho loluntu (CCA) ukuvumela isixeko sithenge umbane kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo. Nangona kukho imingeni esemthethweni kwizinto eziluncedo zasekuhlaleni, uMphathi weSixeko uJane Brautigam wakha umbutho omkhulu wabaxhasi kwaye ekugqibeleni wabophelela imvume yokulungisa isixeko ukuba sihambele phambili. Namhlanje, imithombo ye-Boulder 75% yombane yaso isuka kunikezelo olutshayo.

Indlela phambili: AbaPhathi beziXeko abaxhasayo

Abaphathi bezixeko abanakwenza lo msebenzi bodwa. Bafuna inkxaso kumagosa anyuliweyo, oorhulumente besizwe, amaqumrhu orhulumente, kunye necandelo lobuqu. Ama-United States angakhupha umthetho osusa imiqobo kwimiqobo yoluntu kunye nemitha ye-nethi. Urhulumente wengingqi anganikela uncedo lobugcisa kunye neenkqubo zokunikezela. Ushishino lwezoburhulumente lunganikela inkxaso ephantsi kwemali kunye nobugcisa obusunguliweyo.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, abaphathi-mikhosi besixeko ngokwabo mabanikwe amandla ophuhliso lobugcisa. Iintlangano ezifana ne-ICMA kunye ne-Urban Sustaratability Balathisi-zibonelelo banika uqeqesho ngokufumana kwakhona amandla, ulawulo lweprojekthi, kunye nokubophelela abasebenzi. OoMasipala kufuneka banikele kwisikhundla somphathi wesixeko ngokubonelela ngenkxaso eqhubekayo yemfundo nabasebenzi.

Okubaluleke ngokufanayo yinkxaso kawonke-wonke. Abahlali abaqonda iinzuzo zezoqoqosho nezemekobume zamandla avuselelwayo bangaba ngabameli abanamandla kubaphathi besixeko abaxhasa amanyathelo anjalo. Amajelo-ndaba asekuhlaleni anokuba luncedo ngokubalaselisa imisebenzi ephumelelayo, agxininisa ukuba amandla acocekileyo ayimfuneko ngokufanelekileyo nangemekobume.

Ekugqibeleni, ukutshintshelwa kobu mandla avuselelekayo ezixekweni akuyongxaki nje yobuchule qha, kodwa lucelomngeni lokhokelo. Abaphathi bezixeko abanokuceba, baxhase ngemali, kunye noluntu bayakwazi ukudibanisa iinjongo zemozulu, baza kuguqula iinjongo zemozulu zibe yiziphumo ezicacileyo nezihlala zihleli. Indima yabo ibalulekile, kwaye impumelelo yabo inzuzo yabo bonke abantu.

Ulwazi oluninzi ngendlela uluntu lwakho olunokubaxhasa ngayo abaphathi besixeko ekuqhubeni ulwamkelo oluvuselelekileyo lwamandla, uphando lwezibonelelo ezisuka ku MA, , i-DOE’SSITIONCC yenkqubo yeCities [, kunye noncedo lwe-NDC oluzinzisayo oluzinzileyo olunika amandla [[. Le mibutho inika izixhobo, iizifundo, kunye nenkxaso enokuthi iphucule uhambo lwesixeko sakho olucocekileyo.