Table of Contents

Abasemagunyeni bamiselwe ukuba bamisele amagosa alawula imithetho nemigaqo elawula ibutho labantu. Bamela izilangazelelo zabantu abawameleyo kwaye benza izigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukususela kwimfundo, impilo ukuya kwinkqubela yezemfundo nezoqoqosho. Ukuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo abamisi-mthetho, iinkqubo abazenzayo, kunye noothunywashe abaphembelela izigqibo zabo babalulekile kubo bonke abahlala kwidemokhrasi.

Indima yommisi-mthetho ingaphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo isebenza ngokuvota amatyala. Aba bameli banyuliweyo basebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwabantu norhulumente, ukuguqulela iimfuno zikawonke-wonke kwinkqubo esebenzayo ngoxa belungelelanisa izilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo, ukunyaniseka kweqela, iingcungela, kunye nogwebo lwabo. Enoba bakhonza kwiBhunga, kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho, okanye kumabhunga asekuhlaleni, abalawuli bajongene neengxaki ezinzima njengoko beqhuba inkqubo entsonkothileyo yokwenza imithetho.

Yintoni Ngokwenene Enokwenziwa Ngabaphathi?

Abameli banxiba iminqwazi emininzi kumsebenzi wabo osemthethweni. Uxanduva lwabo oluphambili kukuyila, ukuphikisana, nokuvota kumthetho ochaphazela abo basebenza kubo. Noko ke, oku kumela kuphela inxalenye yemisebenzi yabo. Abameli bakwasebenza kwiikomiti, bangenele iindlebe, badibane nee-ofisi, baphendule kwimicimbi yoluntu, kwaye basebenzele ukukhusela inkxaso-mali kwimisebenzi yesithili.

Kwisikhundla sabo sokumela, abamisi-mthetho kufuneka bahlale benolwazi ngeemfuno nezinto abazithandayo kubantu abakhonzayo. Oku kubandakanya ukunxibelelana rhoqo nabantu abakwintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu, iiyure zeeofisi, iinombolo, izicelo, kunye neziganeko zoluntu.

Umsebenzi weKomiti umele inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeembopheleleko zommisi-mthetho. Indlu neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi zineekomiti ezahlukeneyo ezibunjwe ngamaqela amalungu eBhunga anomdla ngokukhethekileyo kwimibandela eyahlukeneyo enjengemicimbi yempilo okanye yezizwe ngezizwe. Ezi komiti zivumela abamisi-mthetho ukuba baphuhlise ubuchule kwimimandla ethile yemigaqo ethile kwaye baqhube uvavanyo olunenkcukacha lomthetho ocetyisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwigumbi elipheleleyo ukuze uvote.

Inkqubo Yomthetho: Ukusuka Kwingcamango Ukuya Kumthetho

Ukuqonda indlela ityala eliba ngumthetho ngayo kubalulekile ekuxabiseni abamisi-mthetho abasebenzayo. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho intsonkothile ngabom, yenziwe ngeendawo ezininzi zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ingxubusho.

Indlela Ezalwa Ngayo Iibhiliyo

Imithetho iqala njengeengcamango. Naliphi na ilungu leBhunga – elisuka kwiNdlu yeeNdlu okanye kwiNdlu yeeNdlu okanye abameli – abanoluvo lomthetho bangabhala umthetho. Ezi ngcamango zivela kumalungu eBhunga ngokwalo okanye kubemi bemihla ngemihla nakumaqela olawulo lobugqwesi. Oku kuthetha ukuba wena, njengommi, unokuba ngunobangela womthetho omtsha ngokuzisa inkxalabo yakho kummeli wakho.

Ilungu eliyintloko leBhunga elixhasa eli tyala libizwa ngokuba yi "sponsor". Amanye amalungu axhasa eli tyala abizwa ngokuba yi-"co-sponsors". Inani kunye neenguqu zezobupolitika zezixhobo ezinxulumeneyo zingabonisa ukuba zingaba zingakanani inkxaso yemali njengoko ihamba kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Ukwazisa Nesabelo

Okokuqala, ummeli uxhasa ityala. Imali yetyala inikwa ikomiti yokufundisisa. Xa isindululo semali siqaliswa, sabelwa ikomiti enamalungu aza kuphanda, axubushe, alungise, aze enze utshintsho kwityala. Esi sabelo sekomiti sibalulekile kuba simisela ukuba yeyiphi imimiselo eya kuqwalasela ingqwalaselo yokuqala engokweenkcukacha.

Iibhili-ekubalwa ngendlela elandelelanayo ukuwalandelela ngenkqubo. Iibhili zebhunga ezivela kwiBhunga zinesimaphambili esivela kwindlu yabameli kwaye amatyala avela kwindlu yabameli anesimaphambili se-"H.R" esi sixokelelwano sokubala sinceda abamisi-mthetho, abasebenzi, kunye nabemi ukuba balandele umthetho njengoko uqhubeka.

Ukuhlolwa nokuviwa kweKomiti

Isigaba sekomiti silapho umsebenzi omninzi wokusebenza kwemithetho usenzeka khona. Xa ityala lisezandleni zekomiti, lihlolisiswa ngenyameko kwaye amathuba ayo okudlula kuyo enziwe yiBhunga lonke. IiKomiti zinamandla abalulekileyo kule nkqubo-------------nakuyiqhubela phambili ityala, ukulilungisa ngokunjalo, okanye ukubulala ngokunempumelelo ngokungavumi ukuthatha inyathelo.

Ikomiti isenokukhetha ukuba ibambe amatyala ukuze iqonde intsingiselo yetyala. Ukuvakala kuvumela iimbono zesebe eliphetheyo, iingcali, abanye abasemagunyeni kunye nabaxhasi bakawonke-wonke, kunye nabachasi bomthetho ukuba babhalwe erekhodini. Ezi zicelo zisebenza kwiinjongo ezininzi: zifundisa amalungu ekomiti, zidala ingxelo yoluntu yembono eyahlukileyo, kwaye zivumela abagcini-mathiriyeli ukuba bachaze iimbono zabo.

Ukuba ikomiti ayithathi nxaxheba kwityala, ityala lithathwa njengelithi "fa". Yiyo loo nto izabelo zeekomiti kunye nokuqanjwa kweekomiti kubaluleke kakhulu ekugqibeni ukuba nguwuphi umthetho oqhubela phambili nodakazayo.

Ingxoxo yeNkcubeko noLuvo

Ukuba ikhutshwe yikomiti, ityala libekwa kwikhalenda ukuze livotelwe, liphikiswane okanye lilungiswe. Ingxoxo yomgangatho olawula impikiswano yahlukile phakathi kwendlu neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNgwevu, ibonisa abantu abahlukeneyo kula magumbi mabini.

Jikelele, imithetho nezenzo zendlu zivumela uninzi lwamanani ukuba luqhube umthetho ngokukhawuleza. Imithetho kunye neenkqubo zeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, kwelinye icala, zixhasa ukuqwalaselwa kwenyathelo elikhawulezayo, njengoko zinika abaPhathi-mthetho abasebenzi ababalulekileyo. Kungoko iNdlu yeNtlanga esoloko ichazwa njengelona qumrhu likhulu elingakwaziyo ukulisebenzisa, apho abaququzeleli ngabanye banokufumana impembelelo kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-nfinbuster.

Ukuba ityala lidlula ngobuninzi obulula (218 ka 435), ityala lisiya kwiBhunga leNtlanganiso. Noko ke, uhambo lukude kakhulu kweli nqanaba.

Icandelo Lesibini

Ukuba ityala lidlula elinye iqumrhu leBhunga, lisiya kwelinye ukuze liqhubeke kwinkqubo efanayo yophando, ingxubusho, iinguqu kunye nokuvota. Igumbi lesibini lingayamkela imali njengoko ifunyenwe, liyigatye, liyityeshele, okanye liyithumele phambi kokuvota.

Xa izibini ezivotelweyo ukuze zamkele ityala, kufuneka zicombulule naluphi na umahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini. Xa iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeeNtsimbi idlulisa iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho omnye, ikomiti yenkomfa ihlanganisana ukuxolelanisa okuchaseneyo. Le nkqubo yengxoxo inokuba ntsokothile, ingakumbi kumthetho ophikiswayo.

Isenzo soMongameli

Emva kwamaziko omabini eBhunga avumela imigaqo-mthetho efanayo, iya kuMongameli ukuze ayiqwalasele. Ukuba uMongameli uyawuvumela umthetho, uyawutyobela kwaye ube ngumthetho. Ukuba uMongameli akathathi nyathelo kangangeentsuku ezilishumi ngoxa iBhunga lisebuqulwini, lo mthetho uzenzekela ukuba ube ngumthetho.

Ukuba umongameli ukhetha ukukhupha umthetho, kwiimeko ezininzi iBhunga lingavota ukuwukhupha loo mvulo kwaye ityala libe ngumthetho. Ukuba umongameli akawufuni (ii-vetoes) umthetho, unokuba ngumthetho ukuba ii-3 ezimbini kwiNdlu yeNdlu yemikhosi kunye nee-3 ezimbini zendlu ngoko zivota zixhasa lo mthetho. Ngoko ke, kunqabile ukuba iBhunga linevoti yokuphakamisa uMongameli.

Kodwa ukuba umongameli akasayisayi kutyikitya ityala kwaye akasayi kutyikitywa xa iKhoqonga ingekho kwintlanganiso, ityala liza kupheliswa ngokungagqibekanga. Eli nyathelo libizwa ngokuba yiveto epokothweni, kwaye ayinakungaphathwa yiBhunga.

Iimeko Ezigunyazisa Umthetho

Xa abamisi-mthetho bevota, kufuneka baqwalasele iinkalo ezininzi ezikhuphisanayo. Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo kunceda abemi bakuqonde ukuntsonkotha komelo baze baqonde ezona ndlela ziphumelelayo zokwenza amazwi abo avakalwe.

Iimbono Neemfuno Ezifanelekileyo

Bangamalungu .) abantu abahlala kwisithili sommisi-mthetho, ngokutshona banempembelelo ephambili kwizigqibo zowiso-mthetho. Kufuneka baqwalasele ukuthanda kwabo, iimfuno zikarhulumente wabo, nomnqweno weqela labo. Noko ke, ulwalamano phakathi kokhetho lwe-agnometic kunye neevoti zemithetho luntsokothile kakhulu kunokuba lungabonakala ekuqaleni.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba abalawuli bemithetho bayasabela kwizinto ezikhethwa ngabantu, kodwa hayi rhoqo ngendlela abemi abanokulindela ngayo. 65 ekhulwini lexesha, amavoti emithetho anxulumene nezikhundla zabo. Ngeli xesha oku kumela uninzi lwabavoti, kwakhona kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwesinye sesithathu sexesha, abalawuli bemiqathango bavote ngokuchasene noko kufunwa ngabameli babo.

Xa iingcamango zabo zichasene nokukhethwa kwabo, ngoko ke, abezobupolitika benza ngokwembono yabaninzi kuphela nge 29 ekhulwini lexesha. "Ngobude bendlela abamisela imithetho abamela ngayo uluvo oluninzi,"" i-"i-"appin" ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba abalawuli bemithetho babelana ngeembono zabo, hayi ngenxa yokuba abaququzeleli-mthetho befuna ukubonisa uluvo lwabameli babo.

Oku kufunyanwa kutyhila inyaniso ebalulekileyo ngomelo: abamisi-mthetho badla ngokuvota ngolungelelwano nabo babameleyo, hayi kuba bephulaphule ngenyameko kwaye besabela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba sele beneembono ezifanayo. Xa iingcamango zommisi-mthetho zingqubana nezikhethelo eziququzelelweyo, iingcamango zisoloko ziphumelela.

Imodeli yokuthembana

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika zisoloko ziphikisana ngendlela abamele bafikelele ngayo abameli babo.

Ummeli ombonayo njengothunyiweyo ukholelwa ukuba unikwe amandla okumisela iminqweno yabameli. Abameli kufuneka basebenzise iindlela ezithile ukuchaza iimbono zabaququzeleli babo baze bavote ngokufanelekileyo. Abavunyelwanga inkululeko yokusebenzisa ingqiqo nogwebo lwabo ngoxa besebenza njengabameli kwiBhunga.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umzekelo othembekileyo uthi abamisi-mthetho bafanele basebenzise ugwebo nobuchule babo ekwenzeni izigqibo abakholelwa ukuba ziyingenelo kakhulu kubantu abangoorhulumente babo, kwanokuba izigqibo ezo azithandwa.

Inkoliso yabamisi-mthetho isebenza phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zigabadeleyo, bezama ukulungelelanisa ukhetho olukhethwayo nokhetho lwabo, icebiso lobuchule, kunye nezinye izinto eziqwalaselweyo. Abameli basebenza kakhulu njengabathembisi. Banikwa igunya ngonyulo lonyulo lolawulo lwabameli, kodwa ukuvota kusenokuba lumlinganiselo wempembelelo engqalileyo yabaququzeleli.

Iqela elinobuchule nokhokelo

Iinkokeli zeqela lezomthetho zinempembelelo enkulu kwindlela yokuziphatha yowiso-mthetho. Inkokeli yemithetho (umz., isithethi seNdlu okanye umongameli weNdlu yeNtlanganiso) inembopheleleko enkulu ekulungiseni iinkqubo zemithetho, ekucwangciseni amatyala eekomiti, ekwenzeni izabelo zekomiti nokugqiba indima nokusebenza kwelungu ngalinye. Ngokunjalo, irhuluneli inemimiselo yemithetho kwaye iyakwazi, ngamandla ombhalo, umqondiso okanye nawuphi na umba-mali okanye umba wemali ukuze iqhubele phambili loo mithetho.

Ukunyaniseka kweqela kusoloko kuphakamisa ezinye iingqwalasela, ingakumbi kumthetho ophezulu okanye ophikiswayo. Abaphathi-mthetho bajamelana nengcinezelo evela kukhokelo lweqela ukuya kuvota kwimida yeqela, ingakumbi kumatyala okhokelo olubekwe kwindawo yokuqala. Olu xinzelelo lungavela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizabelo zekomiti ukuxhasa isisongelo socelomngeni oluphambili.

Ubungqina Nophando

Abameli baxhomekeke kakhulu kubungqina obungoochule nophando ukuze bazise izigqibo zabo, ingakumbi kwimibandela yobugcisa okanye entsonkothileyo. Abahlali basenokungabi nalwazi luninzi olufumaneka kubalawuli, ingakumbi kwiindleko zobugcisa.

Ukuba abalawuli bakholelwa ukuba abaququzeleli babo abazazi kakuhle, basenokuvota ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango zabo. Oku kubangela uxinezeleko kwidemokhrasi yabameli: ngaba abalawuli bemithetho bafanele balandele iinketho ezizikhetheleyo naxa bekholelwa ukuba ezo zinto zikhethwayo zisekelwe kulwazi olungaphelelanga okanye olungachananga?

Impembelelo Yemali

Iziphumo zemali zomthetho zimela ukuqwalaselwa okuyintloko kwabalawuli bemithetho. Iziphumo zibonisa impembelelo egqithisileyo enolona mpembelelo lukhulu, lulandelwa kukuthembana kunye nequmrhu elipheleleyo. Abasebenzi bamaMedia nelomthetho bafumana eyona ntsingiselo isezantsi. Oku kufunyaniswa kucebisa ukuba abalawuli banikele ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo kwindlela imithetho ecetyisiweyo eya kuchaphazela ngayo uqingqo-mali noorhoxiso-mali lukarhulumente.

Ukuqhaqhazelisana Kwamaqela

Amaqela anomdla kunye nabaququzeleli bamatsha - ntliziyo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, nangona impembelelo yabo idla ngokuqondwa kakubi. Abanye abemi kunye nabaququzeleli baseka imibutho yokuxhasa okanye yokuchasa ityala. Le mibutho, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngamaqela enzala, isebenzela ukufikelela usukelo oluthile lukarhulumente. Injongo yeqela lenzala isenokuba kukunyusa imivuzo, ukuhlisa irhafu, okanye ukucoca imekobume. Amaqela anomdla akhuthaza amalungu ukuba enze imisebenzi exhasa izikhundla zawo, kuquka ukuthumela iileta kwiincwadi kumthetho.

Ukuqhaqhatha akuyona nto yonakele ngokwemvelo − imela ukuququzelelwa okucwangcisiweyo ngenxa yeminqweno ethile okanye iziphumo. Abangenisi abangoogcisa badla ngokunika ingcaciso exabisekileyo kunye nobuchule kubenzi bemithetho kwimibandela entsonkothileyo. Noko ke, impembelelo yamaqela anomdla ophambili iphakamisa inkxalabo esemthethweni yokuba onke amazwi aviwe ngokulinganayo kusini na kwinkqubo yemithetho.

Ukuqwalaselwa

Umnqweno wokufumana kwakhona unxibelelwano uphembelela ukuziphatha kowiso-mthetho, nangona mhlawumbi kungabi njalo ngeendlela abemi abanokulindela. Xa ukhangela kuma-35 ekhulwini abamisi-mthetho abavota ngokuchasene noluvo lwabameli, ababo abemi kwimimandla engakhuphisananga. Enyanisweni, phantse akukho lunxulumano phakathi kokhuphiswano lonyulwano nolwamseki-mthetho kwimbono kawonke-wonke.

Oku kufumana imingeni yobulumko obuqhelekileyo obuthi ukwenza ukhuphiswano oluthe ngokuzenzekelayo kwenza abalawuli bemithetho bathabathe intsebenziswano ngakumbi kwizinto ezikhethwayo. Noko ke, unyulo lwenza izinto ngezinye iindlela. Iinjongo zonyulo zabachongi bezixele zezoshishino zonyulo lwezixeko ziluphawulo olunamandla lokusabela kwimibandela yabaququzeleli. Ukhuthazo lukhuthaza inkqubela-phambili jikelele ekusabeleni komdla, ngokuhambelana nemizekelo emininzi yedemokhrasi yabameli. Unyulo lukwabangela imijikelezo esabelayo: ngokukhuthuma imigudu yabo njengendlela yokhetho, icebisa ubuchule babo bokubonakalisa ubuchule bokuvota phambi kokuba baququle kwintloko kwienko.

Indlela Abemi Abanokuphembelela Ngayo Umthetho

Nangona kukho izinto ezininzi eziphembelela izigqibo zowiso-mthetho, abemi banamathuba amaninzi okuthetha nokuguqula iziphumo zenkqubo. Ukubotshwa kwemibutho ngokunempumelelo kufuna ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi indlela esebenzayo nephumelelayo yokunxibelelana nabaququzeleli bemithetho.

Unxibelelwano Olungqalileyo nabameli

Ukuqhagamshelana nabamisi - mthetho kuseyenye yezona ndlela ziphumelelayo zokuphembelela izigqibo zabo.

  • Uthumelo oluthe ngqo: iileta nee-imeyili zikuvumela ukuba uyichaze kakuhle indawo yakho kwaye unike ingxelo yonxibelelwano lwakho. Yiba nolucombululo lwento othetha ngayo, chaza ngokucacileyo indawo yakho, kwaye chaza indlela imbambano ekuchaphazela ngayo wena ngokobuqu.
  • unxulumano lwePhone: ukubiza iofisi yomthetho wakho ukuba ivumele unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo. Ngexa ungathetha nabasebenzi kunokuba umise umthetho ngqo, olu nxulumano luphunyezwe kwaye luxelwe kummeli.
  • [[UMTL:0] Kwintlanganiso ezi-indawo: Intlanganiso ijongene necala nommisi-mthetho wakho okanye abasebenzi babo bangaba nempembelelo enkulu. Ezi ntlanganiso zivumela ukuncokola kunye nethuba lokwakha ulwalamano oluqhubekayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukhuphiswano lwezengxoxo: Abamisi-mthetho abaninzi bagcina ubukho obusebenzayo bezentlalo-ntle. Nangona bengenankqubo isesikweni kunabanye abantu, unxibelelwano lwezentlalo lunokuba yindlela ephumelelayo yokubandakanyeka, ingakumbi kwimibandela efike ngexesha elililo.

Oonongendi abazimisele ukuphembelela inkqubo karhulumente kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezikhethwa ngurhulumente, njengokuthetha ngokobuqu ngabalawuli kunye nokufumana ubungqina obungoogqhinga. Unxibelelwano olukwi-person lungaphucula intsebenziswano nabalawuli bomthetho, lunokuphucula iziphumo zenkqubo. Lo mgaqo usebenza kubo bonke abemi abafuna ukuphembelela inkqubo yezomthetho---"omntu ngamnye, unxibelelwano olungqalileyo lubonakala luphumelela ngakumbi kunokunxibelelana noluntu olungengomntu.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ekuchondweni Kwabantu

Ukuchotshelwa kwetyala kunika abemi amathuba asesikweni okuvakalisa izimvo zabo kumthetho ocetyiswayo. Nabani na ummi unelungelo lokuya kwintlanganiso yekomiti encinci okanye yokuthetha ngomthetho. Oku kuthethwa kuyila ingxelo esemthethweni yenkcazelo kawonke-wonke kwaye kuvumela abalawuli bemithetho ukuba beve ngokuthe ngqo kubantu abaza kuchatshazelwa yimithetho ecetyisiweyo.

Xa unikela ubungqina kwinkundla yoluntu, yiza ulungiselele izibakala ezithile, amabali obuqu, kunye nezincomelo ezicacileyo. Abasemagunyeni nabasebenzi babo banikela ingqalelo kubungqina obunobuchule, obufutshane nobufanelekileyo kumthetho oqwalaselweyo.

Ukuya Kwiintlanganiso ZeHolo Yedolo

Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolo zinika amathuba okubandakanyeka kumaziko kawonke-wonke. Ezi ziganeko zivumela abo bakwiziko ukuba babuze imibuzo, bavakalise ilizwi, baphulaphule abameli babo bechaza iimbono zabo kwimibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo. Kwakhona iiholo zedolo zibonisa ukuba abalawuli banomdla kubantu kwimibandela ethile.

Ukuze uxhase iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu, lungiselela imibuzo esengqiqweni kusengaphambili, phulaphula ngentlonelo kwabanye abakhoyo, uze ulandele unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo ukuba akufumani thuba lokuthetha okanye lokufuna ukucacisa imicimbi yakho.

Ukuxhasa Imibutho Elawulayo

Ukuthelela okanye ukuxhasa imibutho yolawulo lwezibonelelo kubangela ukuba ilizwi lakho libonakale lifana ngakumbi nabanye abathetha ngeengxaki zakho.

Amaqela athe phithi ziinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

  • Ukulungiselela amaphulo okuququzelela iinkonzo
  • Ukunikela ubungqina obungoononkcubeko
  • Ukuqhuba uphando nokupapasha iingxelo zemiba yemiqathango
  • Ukugada umthetho nokulumkisa amalungu kwinkqubela ebalulekileyo
  • Ukuqeqesha abemi ngobuchule bokuqeqesha

Xa kukhethwa ukuba iziphi iziko eziza kuxhasa, phanda ingxelo yazo, ukubonakala nokulungelelana nemilinganiselo yakho. Imibutho esebenzayo yokukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo igcina ukuthembeka kwabo bamisela imithetho ngokunika inkcazelo echanileyo nangokuba nenxaxheba kwincoko entle yokholo.

Ukuncedisa Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Ukuqhayisa kuseyeyona ndlela isisiseko abemi abawamela ngayo, yaye, ngokwandiswa, yiyiphi imigaqo emiselwe. Unyulo lugqiba ukuba ngabaphi abantu abasebenza njengemimiselo yemithetho, kodwa liliphi iqela elilawula amagumbi owiso-mthetho lize limisele iingxubusho.

Uvoto olunolwazi lufuna uphando kwiindawo zabacholo, iirekhodi zokuvota (ukuze kuvele abantu abaza kuqala). Jonga ngaphaya kobuchule bephulo ukuze uhlolisise indlela abathe benza ngayo kwimiqathango engaphambili kunye nemigaqo engqalileyo abayixhasayo.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba emkhosini akuqukwanga ngokuvota:

  • Ukunikela ngokuzithandela kumaphulo abo banemilinganiselo efanayo
  • Ukunikela kumaphulo (kuyimida esemthethweni)
  • Ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba babhalise
  • Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yemidlalo
  • Ukuncedisa kwimigudu yemfundo

Ukwakha Ulwalamano Ekuhambeni Kwexesha

Ukusebenza ngokunempumelelo asingomsebenzi wexesha elinye kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo yokwakha ulwalamano. Abaqulunqi kunye nabasebenzi babo basenokuthatha iinkalo ezinzulu ezibandakanyekileyo ezizibandakanya rhoqo nangokwakha ngexesha elithile. Oku kuthetha ukuba:

  • Ukulandela uthungelwano lwangaphambili
  • Ukubulela abamisi-mthetho xa bevota ngeendlela oxhasa ngazo
  • Ukuhlala nincokola ngentlonelo kwanaxa ningavumelani
  • Ukunika iinkcukacha eziluncedo nobuchule xa kuyimfuneko
  • Ukutshata ngeendlela ezininzi

Ukuqonda umelo loMthetho ekuqheliseleni

Ukuvumela iimfuno zabo ngamanye amaxesha eziphikisanayo nokuzilungelelanisa neemfuno zeqela, amaqela anamandla anomdla, iinkxalabo zeengcamango, iqumrhu lowiso-mthetho, iinkolelo zabo zobuqu, nelizwe liphela linokuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nedimazayo kubameli. Oku kuntsonkotha kuthetha ukuba ukumela kunqabile ukusebenza nje njengokuba iincwadi zezentlalo zisenokucebisa.

Ucelomngeni Lweenkomfa Ezineentlobo Ezingafaniyo

Abameli babo basenokuba neembono ezahlukileyo, ngamnye kubo alindele ukuba abameli bakhe baziqwalasele. (Inkumbulo - kukho abantu abamalunga nama - 40 000 kwisithili esithile) Olu luvo lukwisithili luthetha ukuba abamisi-mthetho abanako ukwanelisa bonke abantu kwimibandela nganye.

Abaququzeleli bemithetho kufuneka benze ukhetho olunzima malunga namazwi aququzelelayo afuna ukubekwa kuqala nendlela yokulungelelanisa iimfuno zokukhuphisana. Oku kulucelomngeni ngokukodwa kwimibandela eyahlulayo apho abaququzeleli baneembono ezomeleleyo kodwa eziphikisanayo.

Umsantsa Wolwazi

Ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo ekumelweni ngumsantsa wolwazi phakathi kwabalawuli kunye nabo baququzeleli-mthetho. Abameli banolwazi olunenkcukacha ezifutshane, ubungqina obunobuchule, uhlalutyo, kunye nolunye ulwazi olungekhoyo kwinkoliso yemibutho. Oku kudala ingxaki: ngaba abenzi bemithetho kufuneka balandele izinto ezikhethwayo ezinokusekelwe kulwazi olungaphelelanga, okanye basebenzise ufikelelo lwabo oluphezulu ekwenzeni izigqibo abakholelwa ukuba zibhetele?

Lo msantsa wolwazi uyasebenza nakwelinye icala. Enyanisweni, umsebenzi wokumela kwiBhunga usoloko unzima kakhulu, kwaye iinkokeli ezinyuliweyo azisoloko zisazi apho zime khona ii-arhente zazo. Abameli banokufumana imiqondiso engqubanayo malunga nezinto ezikhethwayo, okanye basenokuva ngokuyintloko kwinkoliso yemibutho ethethayo kunokuba bafumane isampuli yembono yesithili.

Izandi Ezingumfuziselo kunye nokwenziwa kwendawo

Asizizo zonke iivoti zowiso-mthetho eziphambili ezimalunga nokumiswa kwenkqubo. Ngamanye amaxesha abavoti bazi ukuba abasayi kutshintsha iziphumo, kodwa bafuna ukubonakalisa indawo yabo kwizabelo zabo. Umnqweno wokumela izilangazelelo zabo ezinyanzelelwayo zamaRiphabliki ukuba asebenzise esinye isixhobo ekulahlweni kwazo, ivoti yokomfuziselo. Ngexesha le 112th kunye ne- 113 Congress, abavoteli boRiphabliki bavote izihlandlo ezingaphezulu kwengamashumi amathandathu ukuphinda okanye balinganise ngokunzulu ukufikelela kwabo kumthetho. Baqonda ukuba le migudu yayingenalo ithuba laneleyo lokuyisebenzisa kwidesika sikamongameli.

Le misebenzi ibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kolawulo-lwazi olumela abameli, ivumela abamisi-mthetho ukuba babonise iindawo namaxabiso abo kwanaxa bengenakuyitshintsha inkqubo. Noko ke, bangaba negalelo kwi-grid broopy kunye nokurhoxa koomatiloshe.

Indima Yamasebe Omthetho

Ngeli xesha abamisi-mthetho bebucala bokwenza umthetho, abasebenzi bowiso-mthetho badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yabo. Amalungu abasebenzi aqhuba uphando, umthetho wedrafti, anxibelelana nabaququzeleli, alungelelane nezinye ii-ofisi, kwaye acebise abenzi bemithetho ngemicimbi yezomthetho.

Ukuqonda indima yabasebenzi kubalulekile kubemi abafuna ukuphembelela umthetho. Amalungu abasebenzi asoloko efikeleleka ngakumbi kunawo ngokwawo anokuba ngamahlakani axabisekileyo ekuhambiseleni phambili imicimbi yakho. Xa uqhagamshelana neofisi yemimiselo, uya kuncokola namalungu abasebenzi aza kudlulisela isigidimi sakho kwaye asenokukunika inkcazelo malunga nesikhundla sommisi-mthetho.

Ukwakha ulwalamano nabasebenzi bowiso-mthetho kubaluleke njengokunxulumana nabasebenzi bemithetho ngokuthe ngqo. Amalungu abasebenzi ayazi kakuhle inkxalabo yakho aze athembe ubuchule bakho adla ngokuzisa imiba kwingqalelo yommisi-mthetho nokufuna igalelo lakho kwimibandela enxulumene nayo.

Imithetho yesizwe neyobulali

Ngoxa ingqalelo kawonke-wonke ijoliswe kwiNgqungquthela, izikhululo zowiso-mthetho kunye nezindlu zowiso-mthetho zasekuhlaleni zenza izigqibo ezisoloko zinempembelelo ekhawulezileyo kubomi babemi bemihla ngemihla. Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente zisingatha imiba enjengenkxaso-mali yemfundo, inkqubo yezonyango, ulwaphulo-mthetho, izibonelelo zezithuthi, kunye nomgaqo wemekobume.

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho kumgangatho karhulumente ilandela umlinganiselo ofanayo kwinkqubo yorhulumente, nangona ineenguqu ezichanekileyo kwiphondo ngalinye. Amanye amazwe anezindlu zowiso-mthetho ezingoogcisa ngexesha elipheleleyo ezifana neBhunga, lo gama amanye anezindlu zowiso-mthetho zexesha elithile ezidibana namaxesha alinganiselweyo nyaka ngamnye.

Abamisi-mthetho besizwe bathetha ii-continuence ezincinane kunamalungu eBhunga, elinokwenza abemi baloo ndawo bafumaneke ngakumbi. Oku kufumaneka kubangela amathuba okuba abemi babe nempembelelo enenjongo kwinkqubo karhulumente ngokubotshwa ngokuthe ngqo nabameli babo.

Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zengingqi `iibhunga zequmrhu lorhulumente, iintlanganiso zephondo, iibhodi zesikolo, neminye imibutho] yenza izigqibo malunga nokuhlaliswa kweendawo, iirhafu zasekuhlaleni, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nophuhliso loluntu. La maqela asoloko elona nani lifikelelekayo likarhulumente kwaye anika abemi amathuba abalaseleyo okuba nenxaxheba kulawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Uqwalaselwa olukhethekileyo ekwenzeni isigqibo somthetho

Izabelo zeKomiti kunye nokuzibophelela okukhethekileyo

Izabelo zeKomiti zibumba impembelelo ephawulekayo yemfamente neendawo ezijolise kuzo. Abaphathi-mthetho abasebenza kwiikomiti ezinxulumene nezilangazelelo zesithili sabo okanye ubuchule babo bangaba nempembelelo ephambili kwimimandla ethile yezomgaqo-nkqubo. Umzekelo, ummisi-mthetho okwisithili sezolimo okhonza kwikomiti yezolimo angaxhasa ngokungqalileyo izilangazelelo zokulima.

Izikhundla zokhokelo zekomiti .-i-arhente kunye namalungu aphezulu ."impembelelo ekhethekileyo emalunga nokuba ziziphi iindleko eziphambili nendlela ezilungiswa ngayo. Ukuqonda ukuba ngabalawuli bezikhundla banezi sikhundla kunceda abemi basekuhlaleni bajonge imigudu yabo yokulawula ngokunempumelelo.

Indima Yobukhulu

Ubudala − kudala ummisi-mthetho esebenze ``igunya lawo' nempumelelo. Abamisi-mthetho abadala banezabelo ezinqwenelekayo zekomiti, ulwalamano olomeleleyo nabantu abasebenza nabo, nolwazi olungakumbi lweziko. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokubekwa kakuhle ekuqhubeleni phambili umthetho neengenelo ezikhuselekileyo zesithili sabo.

Ngoko, ukuba mdala kungenza uxinezeleko phakathi kokusabela nokunyanzelisa. Abamisi-mthetho abasebenzi abade bangasabela kancinci kwizinto ezixhalabisayo ukuba baziva bekhuselekile, nangona besenokuphumelela ngakumbi ekuqhubeni inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ukuze bafumane iziphumo.

IBhartistanship kunye nokwakhiwa

Ngoxa ukuthatyathwa kwamacandelo okujikeleza kweenqanawa kunyuke kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, umthetho ophumelelayo udla ngokufuna intsebenziswano ye-bipartis, ingakumbi kurhulumente owahluleleneyo. Abameli abanokwakha iminqongo enqamlezayo eqeleni lamaqela basenokuphumelela ngakumbi ekumiseleni izinto zabo eziza kuqala, nangona besenokujongwa ngokugxekwa ngamaqela aphengululi.

Abami banokukhuthaza ukuba kubekho ingxubevange ngokuxhasa abalawuli abasebenza kwiipaseji nangeendlela zokucacisa imibandela ezingaphaya kokwahlulwa kocalulo. Ukugxininisa imilinganiselo kunye nezizathu ezidibeneyo kunokukunceda wenze indawo yokulalanisa nokusebenzisana.

Iingxaki Zokujamelana Nemithetho Yanamhlanje

Name

Ukwanda kokungahambelani kwemiqathango yemithetho kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukulalanisa kwaye kunegalelo ekudibaneniseni ngemiba emininzi. Abasemagunyeni bajamelana nengcinezelo evela kukhokelo lweqela kunye nabavoti abaphambili ukugcina ukunyulu kwengqiqo, nto leyo enokwenza kube yingozi ngokwezobupolitika ukusebenza neqela elichasayo okanye ukuthatha izikhundla ezigqwethekileyo kwimibandela entsonkothileyo.

Oku kuthatyathwa kommandla akuchaphazeli nje kuphela indlela abavoti ngayo, kodwa kwanendlela abanxibelelana ngayo nabameli kunye neengxoxo zemigaqo-nkqubo.

Impembelelo Yemali Kwezobupolitika

Imali yephulo ihlala iyimbambano kwiingxoxo zokumelelwa kwemithetho. Iindleko eziphezulu zamaphulo anamhlanje kuthetha ukuba abamisi-mthetho kufuneka bachithe ixesha elibalulekileyo beqokelela, nto leyo enokulinganisela ukubakho kwabo kwezinye iimbopheleleko kwaye ibangele iingxwabangxwaba zomdla.

Ngeli xesha imali iphembelela ngokucacileyo kwezobupolitika, ulwalamano luntsonkothile. Abanikeli abakhulu namaqela enzala athe kratya afumana ungenelelo oluphezulu kubamisi-mthetho, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba kuguqulelwe ngqo kwivoti. Abameli kufuneka baphumelele kunyulo, olufuna ukuba abavoti babe nomtsalane, hayi abanikeli nje kuphela.

Ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwamajelo eendaba kunye nolwazi oluphosakeleyo

Ukwahlulwa kwamajelo eendaba nokusasazwa kwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kudala ucelomngeni kumadoda alawulayo nawamaqumrhu. Abameli kufuneka bahambe kwindawo apho abameli banokuyiqonda ngokwahlukileyo iinkalo ezisisiseko, nto leyo ebangela kube nzima ukwakha ulwahlulo. Abahlali bajamelene nocelomngeni lokuchaza ulwazi olunokuthenjwa ngemisebenzi yemithetho kunye nemibandela yemigaqo-siseko.

Owona Mkhwa Ulungileyo Wokwenza Isabelo Sentshuntshe

Ukuqinisa impembelelo yakho kwizigqibo zowiso-mthetho, qwalasela ezi ndlela zisekelwe kubungqina:

Yiba Nolwazi Olungqalileyo

Xa unxibelelana nabalawuli bemithetho, ubhekise amatyala ngamanani, shwankathela izibakala ezinxulumene nombandela nogcino - lwazi, uze ucacise ngokucacileyo indlela le ngxaki ekuchaphazela ngayo wena nebutho lakho.

Balisa Ibali Lakho

Chaza indlela umthetho ocetyiweyo oya kubuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho, intsapho yakho, ishishini lakho okanye ibutho lakho.

Izakhono

Abaququzeleli banikela ingqalelo engakumbi kumaqela alungelelanisiweyo eenkonzo kunakubantu abahlukeneyo. Sebenza kunye nabanye abanoxanduva lwakho ukuze uthethe ilizwi elimanyeneyo. Ukwakha izivumelwano kukwakuvumela ukuba uqokelele izinto kunye nobuchule.

Zingise Kodwa Ube Nentlonelo

Ukutshintsha inkqubo kuthatha ixesha kunye nomgudu ozinzileyo. Musa ukudimazeka ukuba awuboni ziphumo ezikhawulezileyo. Qhubeka ubandakanyeka kwixesha elithile ngoxa ulondoloza intlonelo, unxibelelwano olungoomasipala naxa ungavumelani nezikhundla zommisi-mthetho wakho.

Ukuvuma Ubugocigoci

Yazi ukuba uninzi lwemiba yezomthetho ibandakanya ukurhwebelana nokhuphiswano. Abaququzeleli bayazixabisa iinkalo eziqonda le ngxaki intsonkothileyo kunokuba bafune izisombululo ezilula kwiingxaki ezinzima. Oku akuthethi ukuba awunakuxhasa ngokuqinileyo ukuma kwakho, kodwa kuthetha ukuvuma inkxalabo esemthethweni kumacala amaninzi ombango.

Zilandele Uze Uthi Enkosi

Xa abalawuli bemithetho bevota ngeendlela ozixhasayo okanye ozenzayo izinto ozixabisayo, bazise. Ukhuthazo olulungileyo lukhuthaza ukusabela okuqhubekayo. Ngokufanayo, landela unxibelelwano lwangaphambili ukubonisa ukuganana okuqhubekayo ngemibandela.

Imithombo yokufumana umgaqo-siseko nokuncedisana nabaLawuli

Uninzi lwabasebenzi lungakunceda uhlale wazi ngemisebenzi yowiso-mthetho kwaye ube nenxaxheba ngokufezekileyo:

  • I-'Srever.gov: I-website esemthethweni yokulandelela umthetho wesizwe, ukulungiselela umbhalo wemali, uhlaziyo lobume, ulwazi lwekomiti, kunye neerekhodi zokuvota
  • Iwebhsayithi yendlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe: inkoliso yezindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente igcina iiwebhsayithi ezinolwazi olufanayo malunga nomthetho wemigangatho karhulumente
  • IGovtrack: Yi-website engeyoyarhulumente egcina umthetho wequmrhu kwaye ibonelele ngezixhobo zokulandela iinkupho ezithile kunye nabayila imithetho
  • I-League of Amen Voters: Inika ulwazi olungeyonxalenye yonyulo, abatshayeli, nemiba yenkqubo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente
  • Imibutho ecacileyo yokuphatha inzala: Imibutho ejolise kwimimandla ethile yenkqubo isoloko inika izilumkiso ezineenkcukacha kunye nesenzo kumthetho onxulumeneyo

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluninzi ngendlela yokudibana ngokunempumelelo nabameli bakho abanyuliweyo, tyelela USA.gov's isikhokelo sokuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo.

Ikamva Lomelo Lomthetho

Njengokuba ibutho labantu liguquka, ngokufanayo kufuneka iinkqubo zethu zokumela. Ubugcisa buvelisa amathuba amatsha okuba abalawuli banxibelelane nabaququzeleli kunye nabemi ukuba babendakanyeke kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Iiholo zequmrhu lengingqi, izibongozo zengingqi zekhompyutha, namaqonga onxibelelwano anika amajelo awongezelelekileyo okuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi.

Noko ke, olu tshintsho lobugcisa lukwadala imingeni. Isantya sonxibelelwano lwale mihla sikhokelele ekuthabatheni isantya kunokuba sibangele izigqibo ezilula. Ukuthumela uthungelwano lobuninzi kungazithwalisa iiofisi zowiso-mthetho ngemiyalezo engenazo iinkcazelo zobuqu kunye nolwazi olukhethekileyo olunokwenza ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho kuphumelele.

Ukukhangela phambili, ukomeleza umelo lwemithetho kuya kufuna imigudu evela kubenzi bemithetho nakubemi. AbaLawuli-mthetho kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokuzibandakanya ngokunyanisekileyo nee-asethi ezahlukeneyo ngoxa belawula iingcinezelo ezininzi abajamelana nazo. Abahlali kufuneka bazibophelele ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi.

Isiphumo: Indima Yakho Kwinkqubo Yomthetho

Abaphathi benza izigqibo ezininzi ezichaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kumgangatho wemfundo yabantwana bakho ukuya kukhuseleko lwamanzi akho okusela ukuya kwirhafu oyihlawulayo. Ukuqonda indlela abazenza ngayo ezi zigqibo, kwaye indlela onokubaphembelela ngayo ukuze babe ngabemi.

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho intsonkothile ngokuyilwa, eneencopho ezininzi ezicetyiweyo ezicetyiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukucokiseka nokukhusela ukwenza isigqibo ngokungxamisekileyo. Ngoxa le ntsomi inokuthi idimaze, ikwadala amathuba amaninzi okuganana kwabemi. Nokuba ngonxibelelwano olungqalileyo nabameli, ubungqina ekuchotshelweni kwabantu, ukuba nenxaxheba kwimibutho yezempatho, okanye ukuvota okunolwazi, unamandla okubumba iziphumo zemithetho.

Ukuganana okunempumelelo kufuna ukuqonda izinto ezikhoyo zokwenza izigqibo zowiso-mthetho. Abameli basemthethweni balungelelanisa izinto ezininzi ezikhuphisanayo: izikhethelo zomanyano, ukunyaniseka kweqela, icebiso lobuchule, izithintelo zemali, kunye nogwebo lwabo. Basebenza phakathi kwezibonelelo ezilawula oko kunokwenzeka kwaye zijongene neengcinezelo zokhetho eziphembelela indlela abaziphatha ngayo.

Ilizwi lakho libaluleke kakhulu xa uxelelwa, uthetha ngqo, uzingisa, kwaye uyinxalenye yendlela ebanzi yokuganana kwebutho labantu. Unxibelelwano olunye kwimiba enye lunempembelelo elinganiselweyo. Ukunyanzelisa ukuganana, ukwakhiwa kolwalamano, kunye nokwakha umbutho kudala impembelelo yokwenene ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ulawulo-demokhrasi asingomdlalo wababukeli. Ukuba ufumana umelo olubalulekileyo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wokuthabatha inxaxheba kwakho. Ngokuyiqonda indlela abalawuli abasebenza ngayo kwaye babandakanyeke ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, unokubanceda baqinisekise ukuba urhulumente umela ngokwenene izilangazelelo nemilinganiselo yabantu abakhonzayo.

Ulwalamano phakathi kwabamisi-mthetho nabaququzeleli-mthetho lunento yokwenza nento engundoqo. Abameli kufuneka beve kumalungu ukuze baqonde iimfuno zabo nezinto abazithandayo. Abaququzeleli kufuneka bafune abamisi-mthetho abaphendulayo nabaphendulayo. Olu lwalamano lusebenza kakuhle xa omabini amacala ebandakanyeke kukholo olulungileyo, ngentlonelo kunye nokuzibophelela kwizinto ezintle ezifanayo.

Njengoko unxulumana nabamisi-mthetho bakho, khumbula ukuba ngabantu abajongene nezigqibo ezinzima phantsi kwengcinezelo ephawulekayo. Bachazele ngentlonelo, kwanaxa ungavumelaniyo. Banike inkcazelo eluncedo nengqiqo yokwenene ngendlela imigaqo echaphazela ngayo abantu bokwenene. Yakha ulwalamano ngokuhamba kwexesha kunokubandakanyeka kuphela xa ufuna into ethile.

Kwangaxeshanye, gcina abamisi-mthetho bakho benoxanduva. Hlola iingxelo zabo zokuvota, yiya kwiiholo zabo zedolophu, uze wenze ilizwi lakho liviwe xa bengaphumeleli ukumela izilangazelelo zakho. Sebenzisa ukhetho lwakho ukuvuza ukusabela nokungakhathalelwa. Ukuxhasa utshintsho olubangela inkqubo yomthetho icace ngakumbi kwaye ifikeleleke.

Umsebenzi wedemokhrasi awuze ugqitywe. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka sihlaziye ukuzimisela kwaso ukuzenzela ulawulo size sifumane iindlela ezintsha zokwenza amaziko abameli asebenze ngokunempumelelo. Ngokuqonda indlela abalawuli bemithetho abazenza ngayo izigqibo nababandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, unegalelo kulo msebenzi uqhubekayo wokwakha nokugcina ulawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Imibandela yakho yokuthabatha inxaxheba. Ilizwi lakho libalulekile. Izigqibo ezimisela imigaqo ngokomthetho ezikwenzelayo, ngokwenxalenye, zibunjwa kukuba ukhetha ukuba uzibandakanye na. Yenza oko kuganana kuxelwe, kuxhaswe, kuphumelele, kwaye uya kunceda ekuveliseni i-demokhrasi efuna ukuboniswa yi-demokhrasi.

Ukhokelo olongezelelekileyo lokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho nokuqonda indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo, uphando lwezibonelelo ezivela kwimibutho enjengeNgqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe yoMgaqo-siseko , enika iinkcukacha ezibanzi malunga neenkqubo zemithetho-mthetho yorhulumente kunye noqheliselo olulunge ngakumbi kumanyano lwabemi.