Isizathu Sokuba Igunya LeMayoral Libalise Imibandela Ngendawo Efanelekileyo Yokuhlala

Ngaphaya kweUnited Kingdom, oosodolophu babonakala bengabantu ababalulekileyo ekulungiseni ingxaki yokufikeleleka kwezindlu. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo ezibanzi zikarhulumente wesizwe, oosodolophu basebenza kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, apho iingxaki zezindlu zibonakala zibukhali nalapho izicombululo zinokwenziwa khona. Indawo yabo ekhethekileyo ibavumela ukuba balungelelanise ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukuveliswa kwemali kawonke-wonke, nokuncokola nabaphuhlisi bezindlu. Njengoko i-UK iqhubeka ijongene nokunqongophala kwamakhaya, iqonda indlela abanini-zindlu abanokuziva ngayo — kunye — nokusebenzisa — ukutshintsha kwendlela yokuqhuba iinguqu-nkqubo, izicwangciso zedolophu, kunye nabantu abahlala khona.

Ukulinganisa ucelomngeni: Ilizwe langoku Lezindlu Ezingahlawulwayo ezikwizixeko zeUK

Phambi kokuhlola izenzo ezingqalileyo zesodolophu, kubalulekile ukuxabisa umlinganiselo wengxaki. NgokweNational House Federation, iNgilani iyodwa kufuneka malunga namakhaya anokuhlawuleka amalunga ne-145 000 nyaka ngamnye, kodwa angaphantsi kwama-50 000 anikezelwayo ngoku. Kwizixeko ezikhulu njengeLondon, Manchester, Birmingham, kunye neBristol, amaxabiso endlu anyukayo kunye nerentente-mali yabucala atyhalela umva ukuba umninimzi angafikeleleki kwizindlu ezininzi eziphakathi neziphantsi. Uluhlu lwezindlu zoluntu ezilindayo lumi kumakhaya ayizigidi ezili-1,2,2. La manani agxininisa isizathu sokuba ukhokelo lwedolophu lungancedi luncedo nje kuphela kodwa lugxeke.

Uxinezeleko Lwezindlu Nendima Yokhokelo Lwasekuhlaleni

Iimarike zezindlu eziphucukileyo zifuna iimpendulo ezichaziwe. Imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe enjengoncedo lokuthenga okanye lokuceba ibalulekile, kodwa ngokufuthi ayasilela ukuchaza iimeko ezithile zesixeko ngasinye. Abakhaphi bangenza ngokunempumelelo: balawula amaziko ophuhliso lwengingqi, baphembelele ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo, kwaye bayakwazi ukuvelisa iimodeli zezixhobo zekhompyutha ngaphandle kokulinda umthetho weWestminster. Eli thuba libaluleke kakhulu kumakhulu apho amaxabiso eelizwe, amanani eemali, kunye nempahla yezindlu ezikhoyo zahluka kakhulu.

Abavuleli Bomgaqo-nkqubo Abangundoqo Abakhoyo

Abalawuli bedolophana yaseUK — enoba banyulwa ngqo ngoosodolophu abahlala kwidolophu (njengoMaya waseMayar of Great Manchester okanye uMmandla weSixeko saseLiverpool) okanye oosodolophu abakwisithethe abanamandla athambileyo — banokuthumela izixhobo ezininzi ukuze bafumane indawo yokuhlala enokufikeleleka. Owona mphathi wedolophu uphumelelayo udibanisa ezi zixhathiso zininzi ngaxeshanye.

Indibano yeLizwe neLizwe

Enye yezixhathiso zesakhono somphathi-dolophu ezinamandla kukuphembelela uphuhliso lwendawo kunye neentengiso zezindlu ezicwangcisiweyo. Abasebenzi bangabona iindawo ezimdaka ezikwindawo emdaka, ezibonisa imimandla yokukhula, kwaye bagunyazise ipesenti encinci yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka kwinkqubela-phambili entsha yengingqi. ELondon, iPlanegramente ye-London ifuna zonke inkqubela-phambili ezintsha zokunikezela izakhiwo ezithengwayo ezingama-35% kwimiqathango ye-10 okanye ngaphezulu, ephantsi kokuphumelela. Ngokufanayo, iGunya eliKhulu liqulu lisebenzise isakhiwo salo sokwakha sangaphambili kwi-itis blackfield kuvundreantsss kwaye libeka amaxhoba okuhlala anokufumaneka kwimibhorhorho elishumi.

Indibano yomhlaba — inkqubo yokufumana nokudibanisa umhlaba ukuze uphuhlise — sisixhobo esinamandla. Abaqhubi bangasebenzisa imiyalelo yokuthenga enyanzelekileyo (CPO) ukuzisa intengo enqatyisiweyo okanye esetyenziswayo, ingakumbi xa abaphuhlisi bebambe iindonga zomhlaba. Usodolophu weSixeko seSheffield usebenzise amandla eCPO ukuvula iindawo zokuhlala ezidityanisiweyo. Urhulumente uyakwazi ukusebenzisa imiyalelo yokuthenga i-Up neReseant Act 2023 ukuze aqinise amandla anyanzelisa ukuthengwa kwentengo yenqanawa, enza indibano yelizwe yendawo yokuhlala efikelelekayo.

Iminikelo yeQumrhu neyoMbhekisi phambili

Ukulungisa iprojekthi kufuneka abaphuhlisi abaphezulu baquke umlinganiselo wezindlu ezinokufikeleleka kumaqhinga abo. Kwizixeko ezininzi ze-UK, oku kuphunyezwa ngezivumelwano zeCandelo 106 — izibophelelo ezingokwasemthethweni ezidibene neemvume zokucwangcisa. Abalawuli bangamisela iinkqubo ezicacileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ingxoxo phantsi kwecandelo 106 ivelisa amanani anenjongo amakhaya angafikelelekiyo. Umzekelo, iNtshona Midlands Edifinisiweyo yeGunya le-Romasti i-" ibeka ixhoba lokuba ama-20% awo onke amakhaya amatsha kummandla afanele athengiselwe, ngepesenti ephezulu kwinkqubela yelizwe elingumniniyo. Abanye oomatilo baye baxhasa “uvavanyo lwendlela yokusebenza." ukuqinisekisa abaphuhlisindawo yezorhwebo ukuba baphephe imali engenileyo.

Indaleko Namandla EeFiscal

Ukwenziwa kotshintsho okunika oonodolophu amandla abo kwanika abanye amandla okugcina izabelo zemali yeshishini kunye nerhafu yebhunga eliphezulu. Abalawuli bayakwazi ukukhupha le ngeniso ukuxhasa iinkqubo zezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. UMayor weGreater Manchester, Andy Burnham, wasebenzisa inkxaso ekhutshiweyo yokuseka iNgxowa-mali yeZimali yeBhunga leMpazamali enikezele ngamakhaya anokufikeleleka ka-2000. Ngokufanayo, uMeya weSixeko saseLiverpoolpo usungule inkqubo yesakhiwo esineehbhilishi exhaswe yi-o-odevolved , exhaswe yimali e-mali e-mali e-odolopola. I-Fiscal devovoicey ilinganiselwe kubaphathi bedolophu base-US okanye kwizixeko zaseJamani, kodwa intsingiselo engakumbi kumakhaya asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni, ngokunjalo, ngokuqhubeka, ukunikwa koooooooooomati-omati-omati-mali abathe ngqo.

Ukubonelela ngeNgxowa-mali yeNdlu yoHlahlo-mali yeMayoral

Ubuchule bomphathi-dolophu bufuna imali. Nangona oosodolophu bengenakushicilela imali, bayakwazi ukubeka imali ekhoyo, ukutsala utyalo-mali lwabucala, nokunika inkxaso yemali yesizwe. Oku kulandelayo yeyona misebenzi yemali bayisebenzisayo.

Ingeniso ye-akhawunti yendlu kunye nezindlu zeBhunga

Abanye oosodolophu abaququzelela amagunya adityanisiweyo aquka amabhunga anezindlu ezigciniweyo. Bangaphembelela ukusetyenziswa kwe-akhawunti yeNguqu yeHouse (HRA) yokuqinisekisa ukuba intsalela yezindlu zebhunga elikhoyo iphinde ibuyiselwe kwisakhiwo esitsha nesakhiwo sokulungisa. Noko ke, utshintsho lonyaka wama-2012 lweHRA-inkqubano lwanika ulawulo lwebhunga ngalinye kwiHRA yalo, ngoko impembelelo yomphathi-dolophu isoloko ingachananga ngokulungelelanisa. Kwizixeko ezifana neBristol, usodolophu usebenze nebhunga eliphezulu le HRA eliseleyo labekiwe kwizindlu zentlalo.

Iinkqubo zezinqumlisi zezindlu kunye nokuthelekisa

Oomatiloshe abaninzi baye basungula iinkqubo zezikhululo zezindlu zasekuhlaleni ezinika isikhewu esincinane semali ebolekiweyo okanye imali encinci yokubolekisa ngemali kumaqumrhu ezindlu kunye nabaphuhlisi boluntu. Umzekelo, uMmeli we- “Izindlu zeBhunga lamaBhunga eLondon” inkqubo enikezelwe u-$4.8 amawaka ezigidi ngaphezu kweminyaka emine ukusungula amakhaya amatsha. UMbhoshophu aseMntla weTyne Edityaniswe i-imali yezigidi zemali yokuzingxabazisa ukulahla amafama anokufumaneka kwizindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Ezi cwangciso zidla ngoku zifuna imali enxulumeneyo kwimibutho yezindlu okanye abaphuhlisi-Rodola.

Iinqanawa zomanyano zikawonke-wonke (PPP) kunye nemibutho edityanisiweyo

Unxulumano olucwangcisiweyo lungundoqo ekunikezelweni kwemilinganiso. Abasebenzi basemadolobheni bangasebenza phakathi kwecandelo loluntu (amabhunga asekuhlaleni, amagunya adityanisiweyo) kunye nabaphuhlisi bobucala okanye abanikazi bemali. Iphulo “GM I” elidibeneyo eManchester lizimanyanisa negunya elidityanisiweyo, i-Greater Manchester Explained Aguement, kunye neentlanu zezindlu zokuhlala ezidityanisiweyo ezingama-1 200. Abasebenzi basebenzisa umsantsa wemali ukwenza izicwangciso ezingabango zemali ezingenakufikeleleki ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lomhlaba okanye amaxabiso asezantsi entengiselwano yemali e-Rhoverpoolpool Prent Reservery Programme.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu: Ukulungisa I-IMDIB kunye Nokwakha

Inkcaso evela kubemi abakhoyo — ngokuqhelekileyo ababizwa ngokuba yiNIMBYism — isengumqobo obalulekileyo kwizindlu ezintsha, ingakumbi kumakhaya anokufikeleleka nawasekuhlaleni.

Ucwangciso olucace gca nolujongwa kuqala

Uphando lwe Centre for Cities lubonisa ukuba kwangoko, olunentsingiselo lunciphisa ukuchasa kamva. Abaqhubi bangagunyazisa ukuba abaphuhlisi bagcine imiboniso kawonke-wonke phambi kokuba kufakwe izicelo zokucwangcisa, kwaye bangaqinisekisa ukuba abemi basekuhlaleni bayakwazi ukufikelela kulwazi olucacileyo malunga nengxubevange yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka, ubungakanani beyunithi, kunye nezikhuphiswano. Umxhasi wengingqi weLondon “Ukwanda Okulungileyo ngokoyilo” inkqubo iquka umjelo wokubophelela uluntu. EManberg, iofisi yomphathi wedolophu yaqhuba i- “Manconian Homeaget" ukubandakanya abahlalisa abahlali besixeko.

IMicimbi yeNkcubeko eBalulekileyo

Enye indlela yobugcisa abaxhasi boosodolophu kukusetyenziswa kweZiko leLizwe loLuntu — imibutho elawulwayo ephuhlisa nengangeni mali eninzi. ICLT ayinakukwazi ukumelana nenkcaso yasekuhlaleni ngenxa yokuba uluntu lubandakanyekile ngqo. Usodolophu weSixeko saseLiverpool uxhase imisebenzi yeCL eToxmast naseAnfield. Umbindi wedolophu kaBristol unike umhlaba nemali yokumisa amatyala eCLT kulo lonke isixeko, adlulise amakhaya anokufumaneka ngokusisigxina ngaphandle kwentengiso.

Imiyalezo yeMayoral kunye nokhokelo lwamajelo eendaba

Abasebenzi bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amaqonga abo ukuze batshintshe imbali kwizindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Kunokuba bafake inkqubela-phambili njengesongelo kubuntu basekuhlaleni, bangagxininisa iingenelo zentlalo nezoqoqosho: izikhundla ezizinzileyo zokungahlali, ukuhlaliswa kwezindlu, imibutho exubileyo, kunye nokudalwa komsebenzi wasekuhlaleni ngexesha lolwakhiwo. Ukhokelo olunamandla lomlawuli lunganceda ukuphikisa “bodwa nathi” ulwimi olusoloko lulawula ukucwangcisa iingxoxo. Umzekelo, uMyaleli weNtshona Midlands uqhube imirhumo yokubhengeza ukuze akhe inkxaso yezindlu ezintsha, kwaye uMyaleli waseLondon uthethe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuxhasa izindlu zoluntu kwilizwe eliluhlaza apho kufanelekileyo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Izixhobo Zokulwa Ezisenza Umahluko

Oosodolophu abaliqela baseUK baye babonisa ukuba ukhokelo lwasekuhlaleni olunamandla luvelisa imiphumo engenakuthelekiswa nanto.

IManchester Enkulu: Icebo Lokuqala LoAndy Burnham Lokuhlala

Ukususela kunyulo lwakhe ngo-2017, uAndy Burnham wenze intlawulo yendlu yaba siseko esisembindini wesakhiwo sakhe soodolophu. Amakhaya akhe ngenxa yobuchule bakhe bonke aquka ukujoliswa kwamakhaya anokufikeleleka ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu, exhaswe yi-$300-300-zigidi zeIndla leHhovisi leHouse. Usodolophu ukwanyanzele iNkxaso yeNtlalo yokuGawula yokuGawulayo, indlela yokuziphilisa edibanisa izindlu nenkxaso yempilo kunye nenkxalabo yoluntu. Eli cebo linconyelwe ngokunciphisa ukulala kabuhlungu kwisixeko nge-10% kwaye lihambisa amakhaya angaphezulu kwama-5 000 exabiso kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yeqhinga.

ELondon: Sadiq Khan’s London Plan and Funding Pippines

Njengosibonda onyuliweyo ngqo wase-London, uSadiq Khan usebenzise ubunzima obupheleleyo beSicwangciso se-London ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunikezelwa kwezindlu ezithe kratya kuqinisekisiwe kwangaphambili naxa kuthengwa. Ulawulo lwakhe lwandisa uncedo lweLondon lokuthenga ucwangciso lwabasebenzi abangundoqo kwaye waseka inkqubo “yokwakha amaKhaya eBhunga eLondon-”, eqalise amakhaya amabhunga angaphezu kwe-10 000. Umeya wasebenzisa i-London House Strategy ukuchaza ingcaciso entsha yezindlu ezinokuhlawulelwa eziquka iidenti zentlalo. Nangona ulawulo lomphathi-dolophu luye lwagcina imibhobhobho engenisa imali efunekayo emalini yokwakha.

Ummandla wesiXeko saseLiverpool: Steve Rotheram’s Brownfield- Ukuqala Ukuhamba

UMmeli uSteve Restam ujolise ekusebenziseni umhlaba omdaka kwakhona ukuze kufunyanwe amakhaya anokufikeleleka. “ILiverpool City Brownfield Rereation Strategy” ivule amaqondo angaphezu kwekhulu eehektare eendawo ezonakalisiweyo nezingasetyenziswanga kakuhle, ixhasa amakhaya amatsha angaphezu kwama-2, ama-60% awo angabiziweyo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla eCPO kunye nentlawulo lwezindlu ezicekelwe kude, i-ofisi yomphathi-dolophu iye yakhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa kwiindawo ebezinzile iminyaka. Indlela yokulungisa iye yanceda ukuhlangabezana nosukelo lwemeko-meefayidia, njengoko inkqubela yebala elimda enciphisa uxinzelelo kwibhanti eluhlaza.

Ucelomngeni Nezinto Ezisikelwe umda: Izinto Abanqolobi Abangenakuzenza Bebodwa

Akukho sodolophu unokucombulula ingxaki yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka ngesandla esinye.

Ukuxhomekeka kwiNgxowa-mali kaRhulumente woMbindi

Uqingqo-mali lwezindlu lwabasebenzi luxhomekeke ngokugqwesileyo kwizipho zesizwe njengenkqubo yeAffordicuble Homes kunye neNgxowa-mali yezeMpawulo. Xa urhulumente osembindini enciphisa imilinganiselo okanye iinguqu, iinkqubo zezakhiwo zoomatiloshe zinokunqanda. Inkqubo yakutshanje enqabileyo yeMali eAffordibles Programme ka-2023-2024 ishiye amanye amagosa adityanisiweyo ejongene nezithuba zemali.

Ukulawulwa okusikelwe umda kumgaqo-nkqubo wehlelo elizimeleyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezindlu

Abaqeqeshi abanagunya lininzi kwicandelo eliqeshiweyo, elibangela ukuba kuxhaswe izindlu ezikhulayo ezixekweni zase-UK. Abalawuli baphantsi kwemithetho elawulayo, kwaye ukugcinwa kwemilinganiselo yomgangatho kubekwe kumabhunga asekuhlaleni anokulinganiselwa. Ngokufanayo, umthetho wezentlalo wezindlu ulawulwa nguMphathi-mikhosi weSizwe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba oomatiloshe abanakukwazi ukubeka ingxubeko yezindlu ezibunono.

Ucwangciso olufanelekileyo noluNgqongqo

Abaphuhlisi basenokusebenzisa uhlolo olunemiqathango ukucutha iminikelo yezindlu ezifikelelekayo, kwaye uLungqesho lwangoku lukarhulumente luthintela amagunya asekuhlaleni ukuba afune izindlu ezinokufikeleleka kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-10. Abahlali bangaphinde basebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo eqinileyo yasekuhlaleni, kodwa basoloko bejamelene neengxaki ezingokwasemthethweni kumnini-mhlaba. IGunya eliMkhulu laseLondon liye lasiwa kwinkundla izihlandlo ezininzi phezu kwemijelo yesakhiwo esinemali e-London.

Xa Ukhangela Kwikamva: Ikamva Lobukho Bezindlu BeMayoral

Ngolawulo lotshintsho oluqhubekayo kunye nokuzimisela kukarhulumente “ukunyusa,” oonodolophu basenokufumana izixhobo ezingaphezulu. ISibonda soku-Up White Paper (2022) sacebisa ukuba kuvunyelwe amagunya adityanisiweyo agcine ikhulu elinamashumi alithoba ee-100% eentengiso zoshishino nokuzisa amaziko ophuhliso loodolophu anamandla anyanzelekileyo okuthenga. Abanye abahlalutyi beyelela ukuba abalawuli bedolophu banikwe amandla okuboleka indawo ehlalwa ngqo, ngokufanayo nendlela i-House Geomin Genetic Corporation esele isebenza ngayo nabasemagunye anxulumene nabasemagunye amagunya.

Enye intsingiselo ekhulayo kunxibelelwano lwezindlu kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa umnatha. Abaqhayiya basezixekweni ezifana neBristol neManchester banxulumanisa izindlu ezinokufikeleleka kwiinjongo zemozulu, besebenzisa inkxaso-mali eluhlaza ukuphucula ubuchule bezixhobo kwizindlu zoluntu kunye nezakhiwo ezintsha. Oku kungavula imijelo eyongezelelekileyo evela kwiUK Infrareclareclacture Bank kunye nabavelisi abathengelwayo abanomdla ngakumbi kwimisebenzi exhaphazelekayo.

Isiphelo: Indima Ephambili Ebangela Ukuba Kukhule

Ubungqina bucacile: oomatiloshe basezixekweni zase-UK banendawo enzima ekuqhubekiseni izindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Ngocwangciso olucwangcisiweyo, ngokunikwa kwemiqathango, ukubizelwa kwezibonelelo, ukudityaniswa koluntu, kunye nokusebenza kunye nomanyano, bangenza umahluko obonakalayo kubuninzi nakumgangatho wamakhaya anokufikeleleka anikezelwayo. Ngoxa bengenamandla amakhulu — kwaye bejongene neengxaki zokwenene kunye nemithetho esemthethweni — ukusondela kwabo kwiimfuno zasekuhlaleni kunye namandla abo okunxibelelana nabasebenzi bemibhosholo-ma abaninzi ababophelele kwimingxube yemingxube yemi, izenze zibaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko urhulumente ezama ukuvavanyanisa ide, indima yoomatilo-omatilo-o ephumelelayo ngoku, abayabongezopoliti bezixhobo, ukubonakala ngokungqinwa, nokubonakala kwamehlo okude nosuku lokuhambisa.

Ukuqhubeka ufundo, bona Phezulu Iphepha Elimhlophe (GEOV.UK), iCentre yohlaziyo lwezixeko lwemithetho yezindlu[[FLT:]], kunye ne Nationalhoogration’s genications statifications []