Indaleko Yeendawo Ezingcolisekileyo

Uqheliselo lokuyila iindawo ezithile zokuvota lwaqala ukubonakala. Kwimihla yokuqala yokulawula kwedemokhrasi. EMerika, kumathanga, kwakudla ngonyulwa unyulo kwiindawo zeeholo zedolophu, iihonji, okanye iicawa — iindawo apho amalungu oluntu aye ahlanganisana khona ngokwemvelo. Njengoko unyulo lwanda nabemi, imfuneko yokubekwa kweendawo zokuvota ngokucwangcisiweyo. Noko ke, iinkulungwane ze-19 nezingamashumi amabini zabona ukunyuka kovota okusekelwe kwimimandla yengingqi, apho indawo nganye ehlala kuyo yayinendawo yokucoca, ngokufuthi kwisikolo, kwisikhululo-mlilo, okanye kwisakhiwo soluntu. Le nkonzo ijongile ijoliswe phantsi kwemithetho eqinileyo, okanye phantsi kwemithetho eqinileyo, ingumzekelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mgama lokuhamba okungekho mthethweni kwemithetho ekhoyo. Kodwa, imfunobo enokuthi ingabi yeyona intle le nkqubo yale nkqubo yolawulo olunamandla iquluvo oluqinileyo: ngokweezwe ngokweezwe, imimandla e-Atlantity, isoloko ijongene, i-dibe i-edisemazantsi

ISisakhelo Esisemthethweni Esilawulayo Esingcolisayo Esamkeleka

Umthetho olawulayo umisela iimfuno ezisisiseko zokufumana indawo yokuhlola. AmaMerika anoMthetho wokuKhubazeka (ADA) agunyazisa ukuba amalungiselelo kawonke-wonke, kuquka iindawo zokuvota, kufuneka afikeleleke ngokoqobo kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Oku kuquka iimfuno zokumisa ii-ampps ezinamavili ezinamavili, ukumisa iingcebiso ezicacileyo, kunye nezitishi zokuvota ezihlalisa iinkonzo. Uncedo lwaseMelika Lomthetho (I-Hava) ka-20022) luye luqinise ezi ngokufuna ukuba kubekho umatshini omnye ofikelelekayo wokuvota kwindawo nganye yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa indawo yovota kunye nemilinganiselo yokulungisa. Imithetho yephondo ishiya imidangazenzi. Imithetho yelizwe idityalo ekhoyo, idla ngokuchaza amanani amancinane eendawo zokunyuswa kwemiqatha, iiyure zokusebenza, kunye nokunceda iimfuno zolwimi phantsi kwecandelo lama-203 le-Rocesting. Ngaphandle kokumiswa kwemithetho esemthethweni, i-U.[20] I-E.

Iintlobo Zeendawo Ezingcolisayo

Ungcoliso olusekelwe kwisithethe

Imodeli eqhelekileyo inika abavoti indawo yokuvota ekhethekileyo esekelwe kwidilesi yabo yokuhlala. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukusasaza unyulo lwendawo ehambayo ngokulinganayo kwaye inciphise imigama yokuhamba. Kodwa ke, ingadala iingxaki xa imida yeqonga itshintsha, xa kuvavanywa iindawo ezikufuphi, okanye xa iinguqu zabemi zishiya ezinye iindawo ngentlabathi okanye ngaphantsi kwemiqathango. Kumazwe amaninzi, inani labavoti ababhalisiweyo kwindawo nganye yokuhlola litshintsha ngokubanzi, likhokelela kwimigca emide kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-de kunye nomsebenzi olahlwayo kwenye indawo.

Iziko le Vote

Enye indlela ethandwayo yeyokuvota, apho abavoti besuka kwingingqi yonke — okanye kwanalo lonke elo lizwe — benokuphosa ivoti kuyo nayiphi na indawo emiselweyo. IColorado, iUtah, neKhalifoniya iye yasebenzisa le ndlela, isoloko idityaniswa nokuvota nokufaka iposi kwangethuba elibanzi. Amaziko e Vote anciphisa impembelelo yokuvalwa kwebala lephondo kwaye avumela amagosa onyulo ukuba aqinise izinto kummandla ophezulu othengwa kuwo okanye kwiindawo zokuthutha abantu. Uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba amaziko evota anganyusa ukujika, ingakumbi phakathi kovoti ehamba- Rhovite, ngokwenza isenzo sokhetho esiluncedo nesiguqukayo.

Iiqela Elingcolisa Iselula

Kuluntu olungenayo indawo yokufikelela ehlala ihleli — njengemimandla ekude okanye ekwimimandla eshenxiswayo — amaziko okuvota okuhamba anika isicombululo. Ezi zinto ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiibhasi okanye iiveni ezifakwe iibhexeshi ezinezibhedlele zokuvota, oomatshini abafikelelekayo, nabasebenzi bokhetho abaqeqeshiweyo. Iiyunithi zezithuthi zezithuthi zezithuthi zingatyelela amaziko aphezulu, amakholeji, okanye imibhiyongwa yengiselwano yoluntu, ukuzisa indawo yokuvota ngqo. Nangona zingatshintshiwa kumagumbi amisiweyo, zisebenza njengomphelelisi obalulekileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinezithutho zikawonke wonke.

Obona Bandla Babalulekileyo Bendawo Yokungcolisa

Ukwakhiwa Komzimba

Ukusingqongileyo kwendawo yokuhlola kusenokumema ukuba kubekho inxaxheba okanye idimaze. Ukumisa izithuba ezinokufumaneka, ukunqanda ukusikwa, iminyango ebanzi, kunye nemiqondiso ecacileyo kubalulekile kubavoti abanengxaki yokuhamba, abazali abahamba ngeenqwelo-moya, kunye nabemi abakhulileyo. Kodwa ufikelelo lungaphaya kwemibhobho kunye nezibamba. Ukukhanya okulinganayo, iirhintyelo zokuva kwabo banengxaki yokuva, kunye nezithuba ezizolileyo zabavoti abanobuvanyanetekileyo kwakhona. Ukumila ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuvota kumele ukuba ivumele ukuhamba lula kwendlela, neendawo ezimiselweyo zokuhlola, ukuphawula, nokunika ibala, kunye noncedo. [[FLT:]] A, indawo yokucoca edibeneyo, edibeneyo, kunye nokulinda okudityayo, kunokwenza abavoti basebenze kwaye kwandise amaxesha.[FLT]

Uthutho nobuchule belizwe

Umgama omele umvoti ahambe ukuze afike kwindawo yokuvota umqondiso onamandla wokuba baza kuvota kusini na. Uphando olusuka kwiPew Charitab Trusts lubonisa ukuba abavoti abahlala ngaphezu kwekhilomitha kwindawo yabo yokuvota basenokungafaneki bafake ibholati. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, apho uthutho lukawonke-wonke-wonke lunqabileyo kwaye imigama mikhulu, ukunqongophala kwesiza esikufuphi kungalingana nerhafu yerhafu ngexesha nangendleko. Imimandla yase-Obhankini ijongene nocelomngeni olwahlukileyo: nangona iindawo zokuqhagagameshela zisoloko ziphakathiswa kwimimandla etyeleneyo, zishiya iindawo eziphantsi nezingenayo zinokukhethwa ezimbalwa. [[FLT: 0]

Iiyure Zomsebenzi Namaxesha Alindileyo

Kumaphondo amaninzi, iindawo zovotelo zivuleke kuphela ngoSuku lokhetho, ngokwesiqhelo ukusuka ku 7 kusasa ukuya ku 8 p.m. Abasebenzi abasebenza ngexesha lokuqala, abanyamekela abaguli, okanye abantu abaneemeko zempilo ezinganyangekiyo, ezi yure zilinganiselweyo zingathintelwa. Kwanaxa kufumaneka uvotelo kwangethuba, inani lamanxulumani okuqala okuvota linokuba liphantsi kakhulu kunenani leendawo zoNquluko lweDwebo loLokhetho, ukwenza iibhotile. Ngamanye amaxesha lilinde ixesha elide — maxa wambi iiyure ezintlanu kwiindawo zonyulo ezikhoyo zakutshanje. IBrennan Center yeJamplate ibhalisele ixesha elide kakhulu kwimiboniso encinane, indlela enciphisa umgaqo olinganayo wokufikelela.

Iingxaki Zolwimi Nenkcubeko

Imisebenzi ehamba phambili ejongene nobuchule obulinganiselweyo bamaNgesi ijongene neminye imiqobo eyongezelelekileyo. Ngaphantsi komthetho wesizwe, ulawulo olunabantu abangengobantu basesiNgesi abathetha iilwimi ezimbini, abaguqulelwe kwiibhola ezincumisayo, kunye nezinto zokuvota. Kodwa ukuthobela kuyahluka. Kwiindawo ezininzi zokuvota, abavoti bayashiywa ukuze baxhomekeke kubatoliki babucala okanye basengozini yokwenza iimpazamo kubasebenzi abakwaziyo ukuyiqonda imilinganiselo kunye nenkxalabo yoluntu abasebenza kulo.

Izithintelo Ezingapheliyo Nempembelelo Yazo Ekuvuselelweni Kwegesi

Indawo Efihlakeleyo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amakhulu eendawo zokuvota azivaliwe kulo lonke elase-United States, ngokufuthi zigwetyelwa ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye ukuqiniswa. Ingxelo yoMbutho Wolawulo lwaMasipala naMalungelo Abantu yafumanisa ukuba ulawulo kumazwe olunembali yokucinezelwa kovoti — kuquka i-Arizona, i-Texas, neLouisiana — zivale iindawo zokuhlola ezingaphezulu kwama-800 phakathi ko-2012 no-2018. Ezi zicinywe ngokungenakulinganiswa nanto zizinto ezichaphazela abantu abahlala ebala, nto leyo ikhokelela ekuhanjweni imigama emide namaxesha okulinda. Isiphumo sikukuhla kwemi evoti ethintekayo kwimimandla echaphazelekayo, njengoko imali yokuvota iphezulu kakhulu kuba abemi abaninzi.

Iimfuno zokwahlula

Imithetho ye-ID engqongqo evotayo, esebenzayo kumaphondo amaninzi, ingenza ukhuhleko olongezelelweyo kwiindawo zokuvota. Kwanaxa umvoti enalo ulwazi olwamkelekileyo, abasebenzi bovoti bangasebenzisa imithetho ngokungqubanayo, bajike abavoti abafanelekileyo. INgqungquthela yeSizwe yoMgaqo-siseko ilandela indlela ejikayo yemfuno ze-ID, ukuphawula ukuba phantse isiqingatha se-okheti yesicelo okanye ifuna umfanekiso-foto. Abavoti abaswele ilayisensele okanye ipasiso sokusebenza — ngokufuthi abafumana abantu abaphezulu abanokufumana abanokuqhuba, okanye abafundi basekholeji — ukufumana i-ID ekhululekileyo inokuba yimeko enzima. Iindawo zokulungisa kufuneka zilungiselele ukunikezela okanye ukukhupha iibhola kunye nemiyalelo ecacileyo yokulungisa.

Imida yokufikelela engaphumeleliyo

Ngaphandle kwe-ADA ne HAVA, iindawo ezininzi zokuvota azifikeleli ngokunempumelelo kubavoti abaneziphene. Ukungathobeli kuquka ukunqongophala kokumisa okulula, ukunyuka, iipaseji ezimxinwa, kunye noomatshini bokuvota ekunzima ukuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kolawulo olufanelekileyo. Aba noomatshini bokukhetha abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiliso bangafumana ukuba oomatshini abanokufumaneka abaqeqeshiweyo abangakwaziyo ukunceda ngokuphumelelayo. Ufundo lwama-2020 olufumaneka yi-ofisi ye-Accounting eUnited States ifumaniwe ukuba malunga nama-60% eendawo zokuhlola abanokuba nengxaki enye enokwenzeka yokufumaneka. [[FLT:] ezi zinto zingakhanye ezinokukhanyelisa abantu ekunene ukuba bafumaneni imvume yokuvota kodwa zithumele umyalezo othi ukuthabatha kwabo inxaxheba kungaxabiseki.[FLD:1]

Ubuchule bokuqhubela phambili indawo yokungcolisa

Ukhetho lwenxuwa logcino-lwazi olusebenzisanayo

Amagosa okhetho angasebenzisa iinkqubo zolwazi lomhlaba (GIS) kunye nogcino-lwazi lobhaliso oluvotayo ukuchaza iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuvota. Izinto ezifana nobunzima babemi, iindlela zothutho lukawonke-wonke, kunye nokuba kude kwezixhobo zoluntu ezikhoyo zingamiselwa ukunciphisa umthwalo wohambo. Izigwebo kufuneka ziqhube uphicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo, zisebenzisa uluhlu lokuhlola olunikezelwe yiECommunic Active Commission. Ezi nkcukacha zibandakanya amalungu oluntu anobunzima bokuqinisekisa ukuba uhlolo lubonisa iingxaki zeli hlabathi.

Imali eyaneleyo

Iingxaki ezininzi zovotelo zisuka kwingxaki ezingapheliyo phantsi kohlolo. Ulawulo lokhetho ludla ngokuba luxanduva lomgangatho wengingqi onoqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo. Ukunyuka kwezibonelelo zonyulo norhulumente — kuquka intlawulo yendawo yokuvota, ii-ampps eziphathekayo, kunye noomatshini bokuvota abahlaziyiweyo — zingenza umahluko omkhulu. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo kukuveliswa komqeqeshiso wokhetho. Abasebenzi kufuneka bakulungele ukunceda abavoti abanoludwe lweemfuno, ukusuka ekutolikeni ulwimi ukuya kwisitulo sokuqhuba inqanawa. Imali ehlawulwa kunye nemigudu yokufumana ingeniso iinguqu-mali inokubanceda batsale ekufumaneni nasekugcineni abasebenzi abasebenzayo abahlukeneyo.

Ukwanda Komsebenzi Wokuhambisa Iposi Nokuyibukela Kusemnyameni

Ngeli xesha ijoliseko leli nqaku likwindawo zokuvota, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kumanxuwa oNyaka woNnyulo luyindlela yokufikelela. Ngokwandisa amaxesha okuvota kwangethuba kwaye ngokungavumeli ukuvota nge-odolo-mvume, amagosa onyulo angasasaza unyulo iintsuku ezininzi, acuthe ixesha lokulinda nokuxinana. Xa amanxuwa okuvota abekwa ngocoselelo kwindawo ekufikeleleka kuyo kulo lonke uluntu, asebenza njengolwandiso olusebenzayo lwenkqubo yokucoca yendawo yesithethe.

Iitreyi ezinika uluntu ukutya

Izandi ngokwazo zingowona mthombo ulungileyo wolwazi malunga noko kusebenzayo noko kungasetyenziswayo. Ukuseka inkqubo yengxelo ecwangcisiweyo — njengentsontela eshushu, indlela ye-intanethi, okanye ibhokisi yecebiso elikwi-person — kuvumela abavoti ukuba baxe iingxaki ngokufumaneka, iintambo ezinde, okanye abasebenzi abangancediyo. Amanye amaziko adalile iikomiti zolawulo ezidibana rhoqo ukuhlola ukusebenza kwendawo yokuvota. Xa zidityaniswe nogcino-lwazi olukhoyo lokulinda nokujika, olu qikelelo lungaqhubela phambili.

Indima Yobugcisa Kwiindawo Ezingcolisayo Zanamhlanje

Ubhaliso lwangaphakathi kunye nokuHlola ngaphakathi

Ubugcisa bungakhupha onke amava okuvota. Iinkqubo zovota kwi Internet zivumela abemi ukuba babhalise okanye bahlaziye iidilesi zabo phambi komhla wokhetho, kucuthe imfuneko yeefomu zamaphepha kwindawo yokuvota. Kwitafile yokukhangela, iincwadi zovotelo lwe-elektroniki — ezinamanani abavoti ababhalisiweyo — zinyusa inkqubo kwaye zinciphise iimpazamo ezithelekiswa noludwe lwamaphepha. Amanye amagunya asebenzisa amacwecwe ukuvumela abavoti ukuba baqinisekise ukubhaliswa kwabo, ukusika ixesha elibalulekileyo.

Oomatshini abaFikelelekayo

Oomatshini bokuvota abafikelelekayo bale mihla banika iinguqu zemidibaniso yemida: izikhuseli-khuseli, ukuskena kunye nokutsala i-paff, iibhola zesandi, kunye neenketho ezinkulu. Ezi matshini kufuneka zimiselwe zivavanywe phambi konyulo ngalunye, kwaye abasebenzi bovolo kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ukuziqhuba. Ngelishwa, iingxelo zomatshini abangasebenzi kakuhle okanye abashiywa kwindawo yokugcina ziqhelekile. [[FLT: 0] Inzululwazi yezentengiso ilungile kuphela njengoko isebenza nokulungisa nokulungisa kwayo. Imikhosi yemiqathango kufuneka iqeqeshelwe uhlahlolo lohlalo kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa yomhla wokwenziwa kokhetho.

Izicelo ze Mobile kunye noLwazi lweXesha lokwenene

Abasebenzi belizwe balindele ulwazi lwexesha lokwenene malunga nendawo yabo yokuvota: indawo, iiyure, amaxesha okulinda, kunye neendawo zokungena ezifikelelekayo. Ezinye izixeko ziveze ii-apps okanye iinkonzo zokubhaliweyo komyalezo ezinika lo gcino-lwazi. Ukugxumeka ngeenkonzo zemaphu njenge Google Mephu okanye iWaze kuvumela abavoti ukuba bacebe uhambo lwabo. Ukubonakala kwangamaxesha okulinda kwanabaphathi bonyulo ukunikezela ngempumelelo ngakumbi.

Ubandakanyeko Nobuchule Boluntu

Umanyano nemibutho yoluntu

Iindawo ezingezinzuzo, amabandla onqulo, amaqela ezezentlalo-ntle, kunye nemibutho ekhubazekileyo yokuqokelela izikhundla zoluntu, inokuba ngamagunya amakhulu ekuphuculeni indawo yokuvota. Zinganceda ekuboneni iindawo ezifikelelekayo, abasebenzi bovoti-zivotelwa, kunye nentsebenziswano yemfundo yovoti. Umzekelo, amaManyano aManyano amabhinqa asoloko encedisa kuphando olufumanekayo kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi bokuvota. Amaqumrhu aqinisekisa ukuba amazwi abantu abakwimbali ephantsi kwesikhundla avakala kwinkqubo yocwangciso.

Iinkqubo Zokuzithandela Zokusebenza Ngezimbo

Many jurisdictions face chronic shortages of poll workers, particularly in precincts with high need for bilingual assistance or disability support. High school and college student volunteer programs can help fill these gaps while providing young people with hands-on civics education. Some states now allow 16- and 17-year-olds to serve as poll workers, gaining experience that often translates into lifelong voting habits.

Ubuchule Bokutshintsha Inkqubo

Ukuganana koluntu kukwathetha ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwenkqubo. Iivoter zingaqhubela umthetho karhulumente oyalela imilinganiselo encinane yokufikelela, inkqubela-phambili yendawo yokuvotelwa kwemali, kwaye ziyalela ukuvalwa ngaphandle kwesaziso soluntu kunye nesiphumo. Iintlangano ezifana ne-ACLU kunye neBrennan Center zibonelela umthetho wemodeli nenkxaso esemthethweni. Isenzo soluntu — ukuya kwiintlanganiso zekomishini yengingqi, ukubhala ii-op-ed, ukulungiselela iziqhubiso — zingakha uqhubeko lotshintsho.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Utshintsho Olunempumelelo

Imodeli Yesiko Leegesi Esetyenziswa EColorado

IColorado yatshintshela kwinkqubo yevoti-ehlabathi lonke ngeposi ngo-2013, ipheleliswa ngamaziko okuvota. Amaziko ovota avuleke iiveki ezimbini phambi koSuku lokhetho kwaye abekwe kumanxuwa afikelelekayo, aphezulu anjengeevenkile, amathala eencwadi, kunye namaziko oluntu. Isifundo seYunivesithi yaseColorado safumanisa ukuba ukujika kwanda iposi yokuvuselelwa, ingakumbi phakathi kwabaselula nabatsha abavotiyo nabangakhange bavote imbali yangaphambili. Urhulumente ukwabekelwe kwisiseko sobhaliso soshicilelo lovoti-mali-mali e-elektroniki ebanzi esetyenziswayo ngeencwadi zovavanyo ze-elektroniki, icuthe amaxesha amaninzi akwimilingethuba elingaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu.

Iphondo leHillsborough, eFlorida: ImiPhicotho-zincwadi yoFikelelo

Emva konyulo lwangonyaka ka-2018 olonakaliswe yimigca emide nezikhalazo zabavoti abaneziphene, iHillsborough County (Tampa) yasungula uphicotho-zincwadi olubanzi lweendawo zokuvota. Isebenzisa uluhlu lokuhlola olwaphuhliswa ngamalungelo eFlorida angaSebekiyo, amagosa achaza i-87% yamanxuwa njengee-ADA ehamba kunye nemigangatho. Kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo, iphondo lichithe i-$.2 lezigidi kwinkqubela-phambili: ukufaka ii-ampps, ukuvula iingcango, ukuthenga oomatshini bokuvota abafikelelekayo, kunye nabasebenzi bokunyulo-vota. Kunyulo jikelele abangama-202020202020, ulwalo lwanelise ngemiboniso oluphuculwe, kunye nokukhubazeka kwamalungelo amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela eenkqubo angongezelelweyo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo

  1. yokwandisa inkxaso-mali yezwelonke yezibonelelo zonyulo. UMthetho woncedo waseMelika Vote kufuneka uphinde ugunyaziswe ngezipho ezinikezelweyo zokufumana indawo yokuvola, unyuselo lobugcisa, kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi bovolo.
  2. Zibeke ngokwemigangatho ezifunekayo zofikelelo. Ngelixesha ubhetyebhetye lwemeko lubalulekile, umgangatho osezantsi wengingqi wendawo yokuhlola ukufumaneka — kuquka imilinganiselo elinganayo yokupaka, yendlela, kunye nezixhobo — iyakucutha umahluko.
  3. umanyano lwamaqela oluntu kwizigqibo zokuvota. Nayiphi na indawo yokuvota kufuneka kufune ukuchongwa kwasekuhlaleni kunye nohlalutyo lwempembelelo kubemi ababuthathaka.
  4. [[FLT: 0] Amazwe kufuneka avumele amagunya amkele imizekelo enyusa uncedo ngaphandle kokuncama ukhuseleko.
  5. Ingeniso ekufumaneni umvo noqeqesho. Ingeniso eyaneleyo, inkqubela-phambili yengcali, nokujolisa ingqalelo kwinkcubeko yokukhuphisana nokukhubazeka kufuneka ibe yeyona nto iqhelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Indawo yokugrogrisa yintliziyo engokoqobo yenkqubo yedemokhrasi. Kulapho abemi beguqula khona ilungelo labo lokuvota kwisenzo esibonakalayo. Kodwa kumaMelika amaninzi, indawo yokuvota ihlala ingumqobo kunokuba ibe yisango. Ngokuqonda imvelaphi, esemthethweni, kwaye imilinganiselo esebenzisekayo yendawo yokuhlola, singahamba siye kwinkqubo esebenzayo esebenzayo. [[FLT: 0] yonke into esuswayo — enoba ingumzimba, ulwazi, okanye inkqubo elawulayo — iqinisa isiseko solawulo lwethu lwedemokhrasi. Ngomngeniselo oluqhubekayo, intsebenziswano yoluntu, kunye nozibo lwesivumelwano sokuvota, sinokuqinisekisa ukuba isenzo sokuvota sifikeleleka kubo bonke.