Ukuhlahlela okuzinzileyo: Ukutshona okunzulu kuHlaziyo

Uvoto olunechokoza eliqinileyo (RCV) luvele njengenye yezinguqu ezinamandla neziphikiswana kakhulu eUnited States. Luthathiswe ngamagunya angaphezulu kwama-50, kuquka namazwe amabini (iMaine ne-Alaska) kunye nezixeko ezikhulu njenge New York neSan Francisco, iRCV ngokuchanekileyo iinguqu ezicacileyo ezithi zijulwe kwaye zibalwe. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba inciphisa ipesenti, iphelisa isiphumo sokuphangala, kwaye abanqophisi banenkxaso enkulu. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba iyadida, ixabisa ukuzalisekisa, kwaye ivelisa iziphumo ezingalindelekilenga kwaye ezichasene ne-democracrac. Eli nqaku linika uvavanyo olugunya lwempikiswano ngokuchasene ne-RV, ukunikela ukujonga okuthe ngqo kobuphicociso, ubungqina, kunye nokuchatshaniswa kwezobupolitika.

Indlela Imveliso eshinyeneyo

Embindini wayo, iRCV ivumela abavoti ukuba bafake amacandelo abavoti kwivoti yokuqala ngokulandelelana kokhetho. Ngokuxhomekeke kulawulo, abavoti bangafaka izithuba kubavoti omnye okanye bonke abavoti kwibhola. Inkqubo yokubala, ngokufuthi ebhekiselwa ekubeni yi-baved, yenza kwimijikelezo. Ukuba umvoti ufumana ngaphezulu kwama-50 ekhulwini evoti yokuqala, bafumana impumelelo ecacileyo. Ukuba akukho namnye ofikelela kulo mqobo, umvoti noyena mvoti wokuqala umbalwa wechoce uphe. U Voter onyuliweyo lowo umvoti wakhe ukhutshelwe kwivoti yabo ngoko nangoko. Le nkqubo iphinda ide ifumaneke uninzi.

Le nkqubo iphelisa imfuneko yonyulo olwahlukileyo, olubizayo. Iintlobo ezininzi ze-winner ze-RCV, ezibizwa ngokuba luvoti enye edluliswayo (STV), zisetyenziswa kwizixeko ezifana ne Cambridge, Massachusetts, kunye nokhetho lwesizwe kumazwe afana ne-Ireland neMalta. Kwezi nkqubo, injongo kukumela ngokwamanani, apho abaphumeleleyo kufuneka bafikelele kumda osezantsi obizwa ngokuba yi-"Droopquation". Uqikelelo olungundoqo, nokuba kunjalo, luhlala lunjalo: ukuvelisa isiphumo esibonisa izikhethelo ezinyuliweyo zokhetho lokhetho oluhambayo ngokuthembeka kakhulu kunevoticekeleleyo.

Iimpikiswano ezixhasa iRanked-Choice

Abaxhasi be-RCV baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo yokuvota ngobuninzi yophulwe ngokusisiseko. Kumgangatho "ngaphambili" kunyulo, umvotelwa angaphumelela ngama-30 ekhulwini evoti, ashiye ama-70 ekhulwini abavoti nommeli abachasile. RCV inika iingenelo ezininzi zokwakha.

Ukuphelisa Imiphumo Ebangelwa Ngumoya Ophehlayo

Enye yeempikiswano ezomeleleyo zeRCV kukuba ivumela abavoti ukuba baxhase ukhetho lwabo lokuqala ngaphandle koloyiko lokunceda ekunyuleni umvoteli omncinane. Kwindlela yokufumana intlawulo, inxenye yesithathu inga "spoil" unyulo lomntu ophambili okwicandelo elisondelelene kakhulu kubo. RCV isombulula oku ngokuvumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe indawo yabo ekhethekileyo; ukuba ukhetho lwabo lokuqala alukwazi ukuphumelela, ukuvota kwabo batshintshela kwisibini sabo. Oku akuqinisekisi ukuba unyuso lwesithathu lwecandelo luphumelele, kodwa kuyaqinisekisa ukuba ukuvotelwa kweqela lesithathu akulahlwangasetyenziswanga.

Ukukhuthaza Ukwanda

Ngenxa yokuba abavumi abafuna kungekuphela nje iivoti zokuqala kodwa kwanezinye iinketho zesibini nezithathu zokuphumelela, banikwe isombululo sokubhenela kwicandelo elibanzi elinqamlezayo lonyulo. Esi sixhobo sokwakha singehlisa iphulo elingalunganga. Ukuhlasela umchasi ngokhanuka kakhulu kungamshenxisa lowo uxhasayo, ovota isibini ofuna ukuphumelela umjikelo wokugqibela. Uphando lwasemadolobheni njengeSan Francisco neMinneapolis lucebisa ukuba amaphulo kamasipala asebenza phantsi kweRCV alula kwaye ajoliswe kakhulu kwimibandela yemithetho kunalawo asetyenziswa phantsi kwemithetho ebanzi.

Ukukhangela IManyano Enkulu

Abaphumeleleyo kunyulo lwe-RCV baqinisekiswe ukuba babe nenkxaso yoninzi lwabavoti abathatha inxaxheba kummandla wokugqibela wokubala. Oku kunika amagosa ulawulo olomeleleyo. Ngo-2018 kumaxesha aphakathi, uMmeli Jared Golden of Maine waba lilungu lokuqala embalini ukuphumelela isihlalo ngaphandle koninzi lwabavoti-zi. Kuwo wonke umjikelo wokugqibela, noko ke, wawela umqobo wama-50 ekhulwini. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kumabambanyulwa ngama-40 ekhulwini evoti okanye amalungu ebhodi yesikolo anyuliweyo ngama-30 ekhulwini. Umthetho omkhulu unika amagosa anyuliweyo ugunyaze aphinde afumane ilungelo elingakumbi nenkululeko yokulawula ngaphandle kokucelwciselwa ityala elithe phindwa ngumntu omnye.

Ukusindisa Umhlawula Irhafu

RCV iphelisa imfuneko yokukhutshwa konyulo olwahlukileyo noluqhelekileyo. Amazwe anjenge Georgia, Louisiana, kunye neMississippi asoloko efumana unyulo olubiza imali eninzi iiveki emva kovoti yokuqala. Ngokudibanisa unyulo jikelele kunye nokurhoxa kunyulo olunye olukhawulezileyo, i-RCV ingalondoloza izigidi zeerandi kwiindleko zolawulo. I-San Francisco yabala ukuba iminyaka yayo yokuqala elishumi ye-RCV yasindisa isixeko ngaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi zama-10, ngokuthelekiswa nexabiso lokuqhuba ngokwahlukene konyulo. Kwimithetho emikhulu kunye nonyulo oluqhelekileyo, ezi bhanki iyakwazi ukuhlisa iindleko zokuqala zolawulo zolawulo lokwenza utshintsho.

Iimpikiswano Ezichasene Nerhanisi- I-Choice

Phezu kwako nje ukuthandwa kwayo okukhulayo, iRCV ijongwe ngokuqatha luhlalutyo oluvela kubaphengululi bezobupolitika, kubaphathi bonyulo, nakubo abavoti.

Idideko le Voter kunye neempazamo zebhola

Ugxeko oluqhelekileyo lwe-RCV kukuba kunzima ukuba abavoti baqonde. KwisiXeko soomatiloshe baseNew York abangama-2021 esiphambili, malunga ne-15 ekhulwini leebhola zomlonyeni wokuqala zangamkelekanga ngenxa "yokuba negalelo" okanye ukugxumeka ugqatso. Ngoxa ezininzi kwezi mpazamo kamva zathiwa zibangelwa yinkqubo edidayo yokuvota, isiganeko sagxininisa ucelomngeni lokusebenzisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuvota kwindawo ephantsi ye-information. U Voters waqhela ukuzama "ukuphakamisa enye" ibholaototsss zinokuxabana nenkqubo ephezulu, zikhokelela ekulahleni ivoti ethobayo. Oku kwenza ukuba isakhiwo sibe nemeko engafundiswangafundiswanga kakuhle okanye ebhaliswe kakhulu kwezobupolitika, enokuthi ibone iibhola zabo ziphoswe ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphezulu kune-Fokieski.

Ubuntlola bolawulo nokulibazisa

Ukubala iibhola zonyulo lwe-RCV kunyulo lwe-RCV kuntsonkothile kakhulu kunobalo olungokwesithethe. Amagosa okhetho akanakukwazi ukusebenzisa ulungiso lomatshini kwaye achaze umnqongo. Ukubala, okusoloko kubandakanya ukuchonga iibhola, ukuqhuba i-software yokulinganisa, kunye nokuqhuba ii-Pilot, kuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki. Iziphumo zokugqibela zonyuselo lweZixeko zeNew York ezingama-2021 zazingaziwa phantse ngenyanga, zidala ixesha lokungaqiniseki nokuphakamisa imibuzo emalunga nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. I-software ye-RCV ifuna uhlaziyo oluthe rhoqo kunye neclayekileyo, ezinokufaka amandla kwimisebenzi emincinci ye-overejini ye-ofisi zobugcisa.

Inkcitho

Ukutshintshela kwi-RCV kufuneka utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwemfundo kuphela. Izivumelwano kufuneka zithenge okanye zinyuse oomatshini bokuvota abakwaziyo ukuphatha iibhola ezincinane, ukuphuhlisa nokuvavanya i-software yokulawula, kunye nokuqhuba amaphulo amakhulu okuvota. Utshintsho lwe-Maine lokuya kwi-RCV lubiza urhulumente ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-$ kuphela zemfundo. Ngoxa abaxhasi bephikisa ukuba i-RCV yonga imali kwixesha elide esetyenziswa ngokususa iziqhubiso, abachani baphikisa ukuba iindleko zokuqala ziyathintela, ingakumbi imibandela enxulumene noqingqo-mali. Iindleko zokubuyisela izixhobo zokuvota zingunda zingundanobunzima obungaphezulu kakhulu kwexabiso lemali esele iphantsi kwemibalo.

Ucelomngeni olufanelekileyo nolokugqibela

Abanye abavoti bafumana umthwalo wobuchule wokuqwalasela uluhlu olude lwabathathi-nxaxheba abaphezulu. Kwimihlathi enabatshati abalishumi okanye abangakumbi, abavoti bangaziva benyanzelekile ukuba benze uphando ngezopolitiko abangazange beve ngabo, nto leyo ekhokelela "kudinwa kakhulu" apho abavoti basuka bayeke ukuthatha indawo ephezulu emva kokhetho lwabo lokuqala. Oku kungadala uncedo kubavoti abalandelayo abanyanisekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-RCV ingakhuthaza ukuvota okuntsonkothile okuntsonkothile. Abavoti bangaheka ku "bucustot" ngomnye onamandla ngokufaka izikhundla eziphantsi, okanye "clony" abathand ’ abafanele bandise amathuba okuphumelela kwabo koluvo lwabo oluthandwayo. Oku kuziphatha kungaguqula iziphumo zonyulo kanye njengokuba iziphumo zokuphanga.

Ubungqina obuvela kwimiqathango yehlabathi lokwenene

Ukuhlolisisa indlela i - RCV eye yaqhelisela ngayo kunikela imbono ecacileyo ngamandla nobuthathaka bayo.

IMaine: Umzila weLizwe ngokubanzi

IMaine yaba ngurhulumente wokuqala kumthetho we-U.S. ukusebenzisa i-RCV yonyulo lwamazwe asekuhlaleni kulandelwa kunyulo lwe-2016. Le nkqubo yayinempikiswano esemthethweni, kunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseMaine ikhupha uluvo lokwaphula umgaqo-siseko. Ukupheliswa kwemithetho-siseko okwalandelayo kwalungisa ungquzulwano. Phezu kwako oko, inkqubo ye-Maine'RCV ivelise iziphumo ezixubeneyo. Ishenxise iziphumo zokuphanga ezikhoyo kwimijaho yokhuphiswano, kodwa ikhokelele ekunyuseni amaxesha okubala, ngokufuthi ibangela ukuba imo yokugqibela kwisizwe ukuba ibize unyulo lwaso. Ngaphandle koku libazisa, ukucola kubonisa ukuba inkqubo yonyulo jikelele i-Maine Consot

IAlaska: IPhondo Eliphezulu NeRCV

I-Alaska iqhuba inkqubo engaqhelekanga edibanisa i-opartastan ephezulu-4 ephambili nonyulo lwe-RCV jikelele. Unyulo olukhethekileyo lwama-2022 lwesihlalo esikhulu seNdlu yase-Alaska lwanika uhlolisiso olubalaseleyo. Unyulo lwe-RCV jikelele lwavelisa umgangatho ophakathi weDemocrat, Mary Peltola, ngaphezu kwesibini samaRiphabliki, kuquka nowangaphambili umlawuli uSarah Palin. Abaxhasi benkqubo yencam yenkqubo njengesiphumo sokuba i-RCV ivelisa iziphumo ezincinane nezininzi zabameli kwimeko-bume enzulu ye-polantimenti. Abachasanqabileyo bathi inkqubo yenziwe ukuthomalalisa amandla okuvola. Umzekelo wase-Alaska uhlala uyinxalenye wobungqina kwingxoxo yesizwe phezu kwe-RCV.

Isixeko SaseNew York: Uvavanyo Loxinezeleko

Ulwamkelo lwe-RCV kwisiXeko saseNew York ngowama-2021 lwaba lukhulu ekuzalisekisweni kwemali ebekwe ngomlinganiselo eUnited States. UJuni oyintloko wosibonda, owaba noonobangela abali-13 abalandelayo, wabonwa njengovavanyo olunzima. Unyulo lwathatha iiveki ukugqiba, nto leyo yakhokelela ekunxunguphaleni okubalulekileyo kwabantu ngesantya seziphumo. Noko ke, inkqubo yenza kanye ngendlela enenjongo. Umvuseli owenziweyo ekugqibeleni, u-Eric Adams, wakha umnqongozeli-omfako-omfathi othe-omxinwa wathintela i-me ngokuvala isiseko sobuninzi obuncinane. Amava abala iziphumo zobugcisa zombini kunye neenzuzo zedemo-demo-demo-demore.

IOstreliya: Ityala Elikhoyo

I-Australia inika umzekelo owenziwe wade wamiselwa kade we-RCV, iwusebenzisele iNdlu yabameli ukususela ngo-1918. Inkqubo ifakwe kakhulu, kwaye umvoti uvuleke kakhulu ngenxa yokunyanzeleka ukuba avote. Noko ke, amava e-Australia abonisa ukuba anokuthotywa phantsi kwecala. Inkqubo ivelise isantya esiphezulu se-"exhaut" ibholaototts (ibhola ezicima zonke izinto ezikhethwayo ngaphandle kokufikelela emdlalweni) kwaye iye yagxekwa ukwenza "izihlalo ezikhuselekileyo" apho igerrymaning, endaweni yokukhetha ivota, imisela iziphumo. Ukuthathwa kweRCC eU.S. Amadolobha amaninzi akhangela kwizifundo ze-Australia kwiklasi kunye nemfundo, ingakumbi ngokuphatha ibhola egqityiweyo kunye nokulawula inkqubo ephumelelayo.

Iingxaki Zezomgaqo - siseko Nezopolitiko

Ingxoxo nge-RCV ayingobuchule nje bobugcisa; inzulu ngokwezobupolitika. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi luhlobo "lokuguqula iprojekthi" olunokuqhekeza i-creadrock. Ngokunyanzela abaqhubi ukuba babhenele kumbindi, baphikisa, RCV inganciphisa ipesentication. Abachasi, ngokufuthi abasuka kumaqela amakhulu, baxhalatyiswe kukuba i-RCV izakwenza buthathaka inkqubo yecandelo amabini kwaye inike amandla anamandla angaqhelekanga abathathu abathathi-catistiki. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi RCV ngokuchaphaneyo ibonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba icandelo lesithathu le-partritive ixhasa kakhulu kunento eqhelekileyo, enokubuyisela ummandla wezobupolitika kunyaka emide.

Kumbono wenkqubo, ukuphunyezwa kwe-RCV kufuna ingqalelo elula kwiplani yokuvota, kwimfundo, kunye nolawulo lweziko lomthetho olulawulayo. Ii-Juriscictalis eziye zasebenzisa i-RCV ngokunempumelelo ziye zasebenzisa kakhulu kwezi ndawo. Ezi zingazange zenze njalo ziye zabona iingxaki ezibalulekileyo, ezifana namanani empazamo aphezulu kwaye zithatha ixesha elide. Impumelelo yenkqubo ixhomekeke ngokungaphezulu kubunjani bolawulo kunye nempucuko yezobupolitika ekuyo. Abacebi be-Rhoboot nabavoti abangelwanga ngokwaneleyo banokuvelisa iziphumo ezingeyo zedemokhrasi kuneedemokhrasi ezingeyo ezingeyonto zonyulo.

Isiphelo

Uvoto olunendawo ephezulu aluyonto imbumbulu yesilivere yokufumana uvavanyo lwedemokhrasi. Lubandakanya iinjongo zorhwebo ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwenjongo yomelo loninzi kunye nezibakala ezisebenzayo zokuqonda kwevoti kunye nobuchule bolawulo. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba xa luphunyezwa kakuhle, iRCV inokuthi inciphise iphulo elingalunganga, isuse iziphumo ezitshabalalisayo, kwaye ivelise iimpundu ngenkxaso ebanzi. Noko ke, xa ifeziwe ngokungekho mvoti eyaneleyo, inokuba ikhokelela ekudideleni, imilinganiselo ephezulu yempazamo, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwentembelo kwinkqubo yokhetho. Njengoko amadolobha amaninzi namazwe acinga ukwamkela iRC, izifundo ezisuka kwimithetho efana neMaine, iAlaska, ne-Australia ziya kuba luncedo. Ikamva lokuziinguqulo, kodwa liya kucaca ukuba i-RV ephakathi kwe-RC, iya kunyusombululo lwemeko yezopolitiki.

Ongezelelweyo Oovimba