Iindlebe zolawulo zisebenza njengesiseko sobulungisa ekungeneni kwabantu abangenayo nakwi-visa kwimimiselo emininzi yomthetho. Ezi zenzo zinika abantu i-fonsi-judial i-fom yokhuphiswano oluchaphazele ngqo ilungelo labo lokungena, lokuhlala, okanye ukufumana isikhundla kwilizwe. Ngokungafaniyo neemvavanyo zenkundla, iindlebe zezolawulo zenzelwe ukuba zifumaneke ngakumbi ngeli xesha zisaxhasa izikhuseli zendalo, ziqinisekisa ukuba ityala ngalinye lifumana ulwamkelo oluthile.

Yintoni Iindlebe Zezolawulo?

Iindlebe zolawulo ziqhutywa ngumbutho wesebe eliphetheyo kunokuba ibe yinkundla. Kwimeko yokufuduka, ezi zimvo zisoloko zikhokelwa ngumgwebi womthetho wolawulo (ALJ) okanye yijaji efudukayo eyinxalenye yenkundla ekhethekileyo, njenge-Ofisi yeSebe eliLawulayo yeImmigation Review (EOIR) eUnited States. Injongo kukuhlola izenzo zombutho ```i-imvume'''''.

Le nkqubo ithetha ngokungqongqo kodwa ingqongqo kunetyala lesaphuli-mthetho okanye ityala lasekuhlaleni. Umfaki-sicelo (okanye ummeli wabo) norhulumente (obedla ngokumelwa ligqwetha elivela kwisebe lokufuduka) banikela ubungqina, bameme amangqina, baphinde benze iimpikiswano ezingokwasemthethweni. Igosa elivayo likhupha isigqibo esibhaliweyo esinokubhenela kwiqumrhu eliphezulu lolawulo okanye kwezinye iimeko, kwinkundla yorhulumente. Imithetho yobungqina idla ngokukhululeke ngakumbi kunasenkundleni, ivumela ukuba kuquququzeleke amaxwebhu namangqina amaninzi, nangona ihewusi isanokujamelana nocelomngeni.

Ulawulo lwezimvo lukho kumazwe amaninzi, hayi nje eUnited States. Umzekelo, i-Gream yoMbuso Wokuqala-ofisi yoMgaqo-siseko we-United Kingdom (Immigration kunye ne-Asylum Chamber) iva izibheno nxamnye nezigqibo ze-ofisi yeSebe, ngelixa i-Immigration kunye neBhodi yeempunge yaseKhanada iqhuba ukuva ngokhuseleko lweembacu nokunga. Ulawulo ngalunye lunemithetho yalo, kodwa umgaqo ongundoqo uhlala unjalo: umenzi wesigqibo sobundilele uhlola ubungqina nomthetho ukuze ufikelele kwisiphumo esilungileyo.

Ukubaluleka Kweendlebe Zolawulo Kumatyala Okungalawuleki

Izithintelo ezikwizihlomelo zokufuduka ziphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga-------ngokufuthi zibandakanya imibuzo yomanyano lwentsapho, ukhuseleko lobuqu, kunye nokuziphilisa. Iindlebe zolawulo zinikela ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kwizigqibo zolawulo ezingekho ngqiqweni okanye eziphosakeleyo. Ngaphandle kwefolamenti enjalo, umntu angasuswa kwilizwe okanye akhanyelwe imvume esekelwe kwisigqibo somphathi karhulumente, ngaphandle kwethuba lokuphikisa isigqibo okanye ukunikela ubungqina obuphikisanayo. Ukuva kuzisa umaleko wokuziphendulela ngokweempazamo okanye ityala, njengoko urhulumente kufuneka akhusele isigqibo sakhe phambi komgwebi ongakhethi buso.

Abafuni bekhusi, ukuva kudla ngokuba lelokuqala kwaye kuphela ithuba lokunikela ingxelo eneenkcukacha zentshutshiso. Ukuzimisela kokungafezeki, okusembindini kwiimeko zokhuseleko, kwenziwa kuthembeke ngakumbi xa umenzi wesigqibo ebona ukuba umfaki-sicelo unesimo somntu kwaye avavanye ukungqinelana kobungqina babo ngokunqamleza. Ngokufanayo, xa ekhanyelwa imvume, umfaki-sicelo anganika ubungqina obutsha obungaqwalaselwanga kwisicelo sokuqala, njengeerekhodi zemali ezilungisiweyo okanye ileta yemisebenzi ehlaziyiweyo, enokuthi ithinte ukulahlwa ngokuphosakeleyo.

Iindlebe zolawulo zikwakhuthaza ukungaguquguquki kwinkqubo yokufuduka. Xa abagwebi beqiqa izigqibo, badala iqumrhu lemizekelo elikhokelela kwimimiselo ezayo. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa umahluko phakathi kwamagosa okanye imimandla eyahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abakwindawo efanayo bafumana iziphumo ezifanayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zigqibo zibumba ukutolikwa kwemimiselo nemigaqo, ziphembelela indlela imithetho esetyenziswa ngayo kuyo yonke inkqubo.

Iimpawu ezingundoqo zokuhamba-hamba kweendlebe zolawulo

  • Isigqibo-somenzi-somhlaba: Ukuva kuqhutywa ligosa elingakhethiyo okanye ijaji engabandakanyekanga ngaphambili kule meko. Olu zimele-lubalulekileyo ukuze kuqhubekeke kakuhle. KwiU.S., abagwebi abafudukayo bamiselwa ngu-Attorney jikelele kwaye basebenza phantsi kwe-EOIR, eyahlukeneyo kwi-U.S.incowation kunye neeNkonzo zolwahlulo (USCIS).
  • Umboniso wobunyani: Ofaka isicelo norhulumente bangafaka amaxwebhu, amangqina, banikele ubungqina. Ijaji isenokubuza amangqina ukucacisa izibakala. Ubungqina bungaquka iipassport, iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa, iingxelo zezamayeza, okanye iingxelo zemeko yamazwe.
  • Umelo lwe-ligal: Abameli banelungelo lokumelwe yigqwetha okanye abameli abagunyazisiweyo ngeendleko zabo. Ngelixesha asingawo onke amazwe aqinisekisa ukuba amacebiso asemthethweni akhululekileyo ekuchotshelweni kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, amaninzi avumela iprobono okanye imibutho engancediyo ukuba incede. Umelo olunobuchule lungaphucula amathuba empumelelo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ubungqina bunikezelwa ngokunyanzelekayo kwaye iimpikiswano ezisemthethweni zifakwe kakuhle.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukuthintelwa: Emva kokuchotshelwa, ijaji ikhupha isigqibo esibhaliweyo esiquka iziphumo zenyaniso, izigqibo zomthetho, kunye nomyalelo. Isigqibo sinikwa omabini amaqela kwaye singaquka imiyalelo yamalungelo esibheno. Kwezinye iindawo, isigqibo sikhutshwa ngomlomo ekupheleni kokuchongwa kodwa kamva sincitshiswe ekubhaleni.

Inkqubo Yolawulo Lokuva

Ukuqonda ukuhamba ngenyathelo komphathi wokuva kunceda ukuphelisa amava kwaye kuvumela abafaki-zicelo ukuba balungiselele ngokunempumelelo. Ngelixesha iinkqubo ezithile zahluka ngokwelizwe nangohlobo lwemeko, ukwakhiwa jikelele kuyaguquguquka.

Isicwangciso sokuva kwangaphambili

Phambi kokuchongwa, umfaki-sicelo ufumana isaziso sokuvela okanye uxwebhu olufanayo oluchaza izityholo okanye izizathu zokukhanyela. Esi saziso sichaza umhla, ixesha, nendawo yokuchonga, kunye nesiseko esisemthethweni sesenzo sikarhulumente. Umfaki-sicelo kufuneka aqalise ukuqokelela ngoko nangoko ubungqina. Oku kuquka ukuqokelela amaxwebhu axhasa intelekelelo yabo yezicelo zomtshato ezisekelwe entsatsheni, iingxelo zemisebenzi yemvume, okanye iingxelo zezezamayeza zokukhusela abantu.

Kubalulekile ukulayisha nawaphi na amaxwebhu axhasayo nenkundla kwaye alungiselele imibhalo kwigqwetha likarhulumente phambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala, ngokufuthi ngamaxesha athile achaziweyo. Ukusilela ukwenza oko kungaphumela ekukhutshweni kobungqina. Abaninzi abafaki-zicelo bakwalungiselela ukubhalwa okanye ingxelo echaza iimpikiswano zabo ezingokwasemthethweni. Ukuba bamelwe, igqwetha liza kuqhuba ingqungquthela nomxhasi ukuba ahlole iqhinga, alindele imibuzo, kwaye aqhelise ukungqinela.

Kufuneka kuchazwe kwangaphambili. Kwezinye iimeko, iingcali zolwazi `ezinjengezifundiswa zezamayeza okanye iingcali zemeko zamazwe') zinokubizwa. Umfaki-sicelo kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba onke amangqina akhona ngomhla wokuva kwaye aqonde inkqubo yokungqina, kuquka ukuba urhulumente unokuyihlola

Intlungu Yokuziva

Ngomhla wokuchotshelwa kwetyala, ijaji iqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ngabaphi na abaququzeleli. Urhulumente unikela ityala layo kuqala, echaza izizathu zokuba isicelo kufuneka sikhanyelwe okanye umntu asuswe. Oku kusoloko kubandakanya ukusungula ubungqina bevidiyo nokubiza amangqina. Isicelo (okanye igqwetha labo) singanqumla amangqina karhulumente ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwawo okanye ukuthembeka kobungqina bawo.

Emva kokuba urhulumente ephumlile, umfaki-sicelo uchaza ityala labo. Eli lithuba lomfaki-sicelo lokuchaza ibali labo, aphendule izityholo zikarhulumente, anikeze ubungqina obuxhasayo. Ijaji ingabuza imibuzo ukucacisa ukungangqinelani okanye uphando kwiindawo ezingagqunywanga ngamagqwetha ngokupheleleyo. Urhulumente ngoko unethuba lokunqumla umfaki-sicelo kunye nawo nawuphi na amangqina okuzikhusela. Ukuva kuqukumbela ngeengxoxo zokuqukumbela, apho icala ngalinye lishwankathela ukuma kwazo lize libalase ubungqina obungundoqo.

Ukwenziwa kwayo yonke irekhodiwe okanye ibhalwe phantsi, ukwenza ingxelo esemthethweni enokuhlolisiswa kwisibheno. Ijaji ingathatha ityala phantsi kwengcebiso okanye inikeze isigqibo somlomo ngoko nangoko. Kwimeko ezininzi ezintsokothileyo, uluvo olubhaliweyo luthunyelwa kamva. Ubude bendlebe buyahluka ukusuka kwiyure ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela, kuxhomekeke kwinani lamangqina nakubuntsonkotha beembambano ezingomthetho.

Isigqibo sokuposa

Xa ijaji ikhupha isigqibo, omabini amkela ikopi. Ukuba isigqibo silungile, umfaki-sicelo anganikwa isiqabu esifunwayo `njengendawo yokuhlangula, ulungiso lobume, okanye urhoxiso lokususa. Urhulumente angasasibhenela kwisigqibo esilungileyo kwiqumrhu eliphezulu, nangona oko kuyinto engaqhelekanga. Ukuba isigqibo asifanelekanga, umfaki-sicelo unelungelo lokubhenela kwiqumrhu elilawulayo (umz. iBhodi ye-Immigrationss kwiU.S.) okanye kwinkundla yorhulumente elungileyo.

Xa isibheno sisalindile, isigqibo sokuqala sisenokunganyanzeliswa. Kwimeko zokususwa, umntu usoloko ekhululwa ngomanyano okanye ulawulo ngexesha lobheno. Kubalulekile uku faka isibheno ngokukhawuleza nokuquka onke amaxwebhu afunekayo. Igqwetha lingacebisa ukuba impumelelo inokwenzeka kusini na nokuba ukususwa kumele kucelwe ukuba kukhutshwe.

Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zoququzelo-

Udidi ngalunye lunemithetho yalo ecacileyo nemigangatho ecacileyo.

Ukususwa okanye ukurhoxiswa

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokuvalwa kwabantu abafudukayo. Urhulumente uqalisa ityala ngokuchasene nomntu ongafudukiyo otyholwayo ngenxa yemvume yokungathobeli, iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ezinye izizathu. Ilizwe lasemzini lingakhusela ekususweni ngokufaka isicelo sokukhulula abantu njengendawo yokuhlangula, ukungasicimi okanye ukurhoxiswa. Umthwalo wokuqinisekisa utshintsha phakathi kwamaqela ngokuxhomekeke kwimbambano. Ukuva kufikelela kulandelelwano lokususwa okanye ukunikwa uncedo.

EUnited States, ukususwa kwezindlebe kulawulwa nguMthetho woHlomelo noMgaqo weSizwe kunye nemimiselo efunyenwe kwi-8 C.F.R. 76 1003. Ijaji kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba umntu uyakuqonda ukumangalelwa kunye neziphumo zesigqibo esingalunganga. Ukungaphumeleli kwejaji ukulandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kungaba sisizathu sokutshintsha kwisibheno.

Uhlengahlengiso Lweendlebe Zemeko

Abantu abasele beseUnited States bangafaka isicelo sokuhlala ngokusisigxina ngolungiso lwemeko. Ukuba i-USCIS iyasikhaba isicelo, maxa wambi umfaki-sicelo angacela ukuchotshelwa phambi komgwebi ofudukayo. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka xa ukukhanyela kusekelwe kwizizathu ezingenakuthenjwa, ezifana nokugxothwa kwangaphambili okanye ukuqhatha. Ukuva kuvumela lowo ufaka isicelo ukuba acel ’ umngeni ubungqina bokufumana nokufumana okanye ukungafezeki okukhoyo.

Ukukhanyela

I-Visa ayikhanyelwa ngamagosa asebenza ngorhulumente aphesheya ngokubanzi akachaswa ngenxa yemfundiso yokungaboni kakuhle. Noko ke, kwimeko ezithile ngokukhanyelwa okusekelwe kwizizathu ezingaqondakaliyo ezifuna umenzi-sicelo phambi kwe-ofisi ye-Administrative Applications (AO) ngaphakathi kwe-USCIS okanye iqumrhu elifanayo. Ezi zenzo zisekelwe kwiphepha, kodwa eminye imimandla ivumela ukuthethwa.

kwiindidi ezithile ze visa, njenge visa yamalungu entsapho afudukayo, isicelo esikhatyiweyo sinokubheniswa kwiBhodi yeZibheno zoGunyaziso. Ibhodi ihlola irekhodi de novo (entsha) kwaye inokuguqula ukukhanyela ukuba ubungqina buhlangabezana nemilinganiselo esemthethweni.

Umelo Olusemthethweni Nobungqina

Ubukho besiluleko somthetho bungawuguqula ngokuphawulekayo umphumo wetyala lolawulo. Izibalo ezivela kwiSebe lezeMithetho lase-U.S. zibonisa ngokungaguqukiyo ukuba abantu abamelwayo basengozini eninzi yokuphumelela kwiimeko zabo kunaleyo ibonakala ingachazwanga. IiAtttorney ziyayiqonda imithetho yeprocedy, imigangatho ecacileyo, kunye neengxoxo ezingokwasemthethweni; ziyakwazi ukukhusela umfaki-sicelo ekuncinwa kwemibuzo edityanisiweyo kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ingxelo igcinwe kakuhle ukuze ibhenele kwisicelo.

Kubantu abacela ukubhaliswa abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwi-ligxele, amazwe amaninzi anikela uncedo olusemthethweni okanye iinkonzo ze-probono. Imibutho engangeni ngeniso, iikliniki zezomthetho, kunye nentlangano ye-bar statel iinkqubo eziluncedo. Kwamanye amazwe, njengoBukumkani obumanyeneyo, uncedo olusemthethweni lukho kwiintlobo ezithile zeendawo zokuhlalisa abantu nokufuduka, nangona inkxaso yemali iye yancitshiswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Iindidi Zobungqina Ezivunywa Ngokuqhelekileyo

  • [[FLT: 0] Amaxwebhu akhankanyiweyo: IPassport, iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa, iikhadi ze ID yesizwe.
  • Iingxelo zosapho: Iziqinisekiso zomtshato, imimiselo yoqhawulo-mtshato, izatifiketi zokuzalwa kwabantwana.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ubungqina bobunyani: oonobumba bomsebenzi, ukuhlawula iziphene, ukubuyisela irhafu, iifomu ze W-2.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izikhutshelo ezithe tye: iingxelo zesibhedlele, iingxelo zogqirha, uvavanyo lwempilo yengqondo (ingakumbi kwizinto ezifunwa ngabantu).
  • [[UMTL:0] Iingxelo zemeko ze-AV: Iingxelo zamalungelo abantu, amanqaku eendaba, ii-affidavits ezivela kwiingcali kwiimeko zelizwe lasekhaya.
  • [[UMTL:0] Affidavits:[ iingxelo ezithe gqi ezivela kucela namangqina, ezichaza iziganeko ezinxulumeneyo kunye nokuxhasa ukubethwa kwengxelo.

Kubalulekile ukulungiselela ubungqina ngokucacileyo nokubuhambisa ngendlela esengqiqweni. Uludwe lweziqulatho kunye namanani abonisa ukuba abagwebi bafumana izinto ngokukhawuleza. Iiinguqulelo zamaxwebhu olwimi lwasemzini kufuneka ziqinisekiswe. Kwezinye iindawo, amaxwebhu angaphambili kufuneka afumaneke ezindlebeni, nangona imibhalo isoloko yamkelwa kudala.

Impembelelo kumgaqo-nkqubo wokufuduka kwabantu

Iindlebe zolawulo zenza okungaphezulu kunokugqiba amatyala ngamanye.

Kubantu ngabanye, ukuva okunempumelelo kusenokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokugxothwa nokufumana ubomi obutsha kwilizwe elikhuselekileyo. Ukuva kunika ithuba lokuphilisa abaninzi abacela uncedo `ingakumbi iimbacu kunye ne-asylaes(to) ukubalisa ibali labo ngokusesikweni baze bafumane intelekelelo elungileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isigqibo esingalunganga singakhokelela ekulahlekelweni lisikhundla, ukwahlukana nentsapho, okanye ukubuyela entshutshisweni. Impembelelo yengqondo yenkqubo yokuva ayinakuphinda igqitywe; izicelo ezininzi zifumana ixhala elibalulekileyo, kodwa ukwazi ukuba zinento epheleleyo nelungileyo yokuva kunokubangela ukuba ziva kurhoxinzele.

Iingxaki Nokugxekwa Kweendlebe Zezolawulo

Nangona kubalulekile, ukuchotshelwa kwamatyala kolawulo kujongene nokugxekwa okuninzi. Okokuqala, uxinzelelo lwetyala kwiinkundla zokufuduka lukhulu. EUnited States, ityala liye ladlula kwisigidi, libangela ukuba kubekwe ixesha elininzi, kubekwe amatyala anokuhlala emkhosini, abangakwazi ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni okanye bacebe ngekamva. Okwesibini, abagwebi abaphambukeli abasoloko bengenalulo lwemigaqo yeQumrhu III abagwebi e-U.S., njengoko bemiselwa nguMphathi-mikhosi-mikhosi wesizwe onegunya kwaye benokwenza i-millimeterss ezinokubangela uxinzelelo lokukhanyela amatyala. Okwesithathu, ukungabi nako komelo olusemthethweni oluqinisekisiweyo kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi bahambe ngenkqubo enzima engokwasemthethweni kuphela, ikhokelela kwiziphumo ezingekho bulungisa.

Imiqobo yendalo ikhona. Imithetho engqinayo inokubadida, kwaye umthwalo wobungqina usoloko ubekwa kumntu ofaka isicelo, osenokungangeni kumaxwebhu avela kwilizwe lakowabo. Ukuba uyavunywa, kunokuba nzima ukuvavanya. Ngaphezu koko, ukuva okungaqhelekanga kokuva kusenokuba koyikisa, ingakumbi kubantu abaye bajamelana nonxunguphalo okanye intshutshiso. Amanye amazwe aye azama ukucutha olu celomngeni ngokunika “ngeyonyaniso” ukuva iindidi ezithile, njengee-aaaaaasea, apho umgwebi edlala indima yokuncinwa.

Ukuphucula inkqubo, abaxhasi bancomela ukuba inkxaso-mali ixhaswe kwiinkundla zokufuduka, inike iziluleko ezisemthethweni kubemi abachaphazelekayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba abagwebi banenkululeko yokwenene. Utshintsho kumazwe afana neKhanada, asebenzisa amagosa eembacu akhethekileyo okulungiselela amatyala, anika umzekelo wokunciphisa imicimbi.

Isiphelo

Iindlebe zolawulo ziyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa inkqubo efunekayo ekufudukeni nakwizigqibo ze-visa. Zinikela i-foram elungelelanisiweyo kodwa efikelelekayo apho abantu ngabanye benokukhuphisana nezenzo zikarhulumente, ubungqina obukhoyo, kwaye bafumana izigqibo ezicacisiweyo ezivela kubachongi abangakhethiyo. Ngoxa inkqubo ingeyiyo engenaziphako zayo, iinkcitho zemali, kunye nomelo olungafaniyo. Kubenzi-mthetho, iingcali zezomthetho, kunye nabacebisi bezomthetho, ukuqonda indima nomsebenzi waba bantu abangevayo kungundoqo wokuqhuba umgaqo ontsonkothile womthetho wokufuduka. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo yokuva okunelisa iinkcitho zolawulo yoovimba beenkcukacha, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu uthe tyelwa ngaphandle kwethuba lokuva.

[[UMTL_HAWU] Izibonelelo:[[UMKCU]