Igumbi Labaphulaphuli Njengesixhakamfulo Sokusesikweni

Iindlebe zengqungquthela zimela isithethe sezopolitiko esinamandla, esinzulu saseMerika. Zingaphezulu kakhulu kunendlela yokuzikongoza elungiselelwe ukuqokelela ulwazi lwabenzi bomthetho okanye izihlalo ezishushu kwiC-SPAN. Ngezona zilungileyo, ezi ntlanganiso zisebenza njengebala elisembindini apho isiganeko sobuzwe samalungelo abantu kunye nokusesikweni kwezentlalo. Zinikela iqonga apho amazwi aphantsi anokumelana ngqo namandla, ukugqalwa okubhenca okungekho sikweni kwesixokelelwano kwiliso likawonke-wonke, kunye nendlela yokuyila ingxelo esemthethweni, engenakugwetywa.

Igunya lokubamba amatyala lisekelwe kwimithetho-siseko kunye nakumagunya okuvelela anikwe iNkqutyana yeQumrhu I lomGaqo-siseko. Noko ke, ukuva kwale mihla kuye kwaguquka kwaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulawula, ubuchule bezobupolitika, kunye nokutshintsha kwezentlalo. Ukusuka kubungqina obukhohlakeleyo babantu ababekade bengamakhoboka ngexesha lobuTshana ukuya kuvuselha, ukufikelela ekulawuleni, ukuphakama kwemithetho ephezulu yogonyamelo lwamapolisa kwinkulungwane engamashumi amabini anesihlanu, igumbi lekomiti liye lasebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekile ekuqhubeni kwesizathu sokulingana. Sekunjalo, esi sixhobo sinyukelwe ngokuphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda, ukwenza imidaba enkulu, kunye nemidaba ephambili yenkqubo yenkqubo elungiselelwe ukuva, hayi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqonda indima yokuma kwemicimbi yentlanganiso kwimibutho yoluntu, iinkonzo zabo, iinjongo zabo zembali, ezokuphumelela.

I-injini yomGaqo-siseko: Indlela Iindlebe Ezibangela Ngayo Utshintsho

Umatshini wokulawula nokuqhuba

Amandla amabi endlebe eqela elincinane axhomekeke kubuchule bayo bokunyanzela isenzo nobungqina. Amandla e-subpoena, asulungekiswe kumatyala eNkundla Ephakamileyo enjenge Mcrain v. Daughherty [1927] kunye [FLT]] Awatkins v. United States [1957], ivumela iikomiti ukuba zinyanzelele amangqina athandabuzayo, abaphathi bequmrhu, okanye abaphathi-mikhosi borhulumente borhulumente, okanye abahlali bobucala, bavele kwaye bavelise amaxwebhu. [le projektha] yinto eyahlulayo yokuva kwingqungqu okanye kwingqu. Idala ubungqina obubangela ukuxinzelelwa kwengqungquthela okanye i-ngqungquthelanano.

Kumaqela obulungisa bentlalo, lo matshini uxabisekile. Abaququzeleli bemithetho-mthetho basoloko bezama ukuviwa ngawona maziko afuna ukutshintshwa. Ukuva kwequmrhu eliphethe i-suppoena kunakho ukudlula kwizakhiwo zasekuhlaleni, abagcini-sango le-media, kunye nee-odoli ezivaliweyo. Xa iKomiti yeNdlu yeQela okanye iKomiti yeNdlu yeNdlu ekwiziNdlu zeNtshona Koloni okanye yeNdlundlwano ePhondo eLandelayo, ukwenza isigqibo sokuhlola inkohlakalo yovota, okanye ucalucalucalulo, kuthumela uphawu olucacileyo lokuba lomba ufike kwinqanaba lombutho wesizwe lothetho. Uva unika iqonga apho ubungqina bamaxhoba kunye neengcali zengxelo karhulumente, ingxelo enokucaciswa kwimicimbi yenkundla yenkundla yenkundla yezomthetho kunye nengxoxo yemithetho-Rogno.

Ukukhetha AmaNgqina: Idabi Lezobupolitika Ngenxa Yokungabikho Kwesizwe

Enye yeenkalo ezithandabuzekayo naziphi na iindlebe kukukhethwa kwamangqina. Iqela elininzi lilawula uludwe lwamangqina, kodwa iqela elincinane lisoloko livunyelwa ukuba libize amangqina alo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuva ngako konke kungunxibelelwano, kwaye ngokufuthi idabi, liza kuxelelwa ngayiphi na imfazwe. Kuza kuthethwa ngamalungelo abantu, eli dabi likho. Ingaba ikomiti iyakuva kwintloko yamapolisa ikhusela izenzo zesebe, okanye kwintsapho ekwabulewe kuyo umntu omthandayo? Ingaba iya kuphulaphula kumphathi jikelele welo gqwetha okhusela umthetho wamavoti, okanye kumvoti okhulile oye wagxothwa?

Ukukhethwa kwamangqina kumisela inkcazo engokweemvakalelo neyopolitiki. Ukuviwa okunempumelelo kwezobulungisa bentlalo kudla ngokugxininisa ubungqina babo baye bafumana okungekho sikweni ngqo. Xa ingqina lithetha kumava aphilayo, ibali labo linokwenza inkqubo entsonkothileyo ibe yeyokuthetha ngoluntu kwaye libangele ulwazelelelo lukawonke-wonke. Ukusetyenziswa kobungqina obucwangcisiweyo ukuze kuxoxwe ibali elinamandla bububuchule obungundoqo kumaqela afundisayo, asebenza ngokusondelelene nabasebenzi beekomiti ukuchaza nokulungiselela amangqina angqongqo. Noko ke, le nkqubo, ingeyo enokwenza abantu bangabi nalwazi oluluvo oluntsonko, abathi baguqule amaxhoba abe ziiproppeggna zezobupolitika kwaye baphikisa impembelelo engokweemvakalelo kuhlalutlu mgaqo olungeleneemvakalelo.

IMegithaphone yaseMedia: Ukusuka Kunomathotholo Ukuya Kwizithinteli-gazi Ezinentsholongwane

Impembelelo yokuva isuka kwimekobume ye-media apho isenzeka khona. Umkhosi we-McCarty, owanceda ukuguqula uluvo lukawonke-wonke nxamnye noSenator Joseph McCarthy imfazwe yokulwa nekhommony, yayiphakathi kweyokuqala ukubhaliswa, ebonisa amandla e-arhente okubhenca imidlalo yezopolitiko kwingingqi. UWatergate waguqula uluvo lwesizwe, usihlalo wekomiti uSam Ervin noJohn Dean babe ngamagama endlu, bazise umongameli wesizwe ukuba bangabi nalwazi lwezo zinto zokufundisa.

Kule thuba, amandla okuchola amatyala anyuswe yinkqubo yezentlalo. Isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokunqumla okanye ubungqina obungane nelila singaxilongwa kwaye sabelwe izigidi zezigidi kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Oku kwenza amandla amatsha apho ukuva okungeyosiganeko somthetho kodwa intwana yomxholo wezopolitiko. Unyulo lwama-202020, ukuva okuvakala kweSikhulu senkundla sezomthetho, kunye nokuchotshelwa kweendlebe ngoJanuwari 6th uhlaselo luka-Capitol, konke kwagqitywa nguwonke-wonke ngezixhobo ze-oodoli, nto leyo eyathi yabumba uluvo lukawonke ngexesha lokwenene nangakumbi lonyulo lwahlulwayo.

IKhomishini yeNtlanganiso yamaLungelo eWonk ’ Uluntu (1950s-1960s)

Imisebenzi yowiso-mthetho yeMbutho yaMalungelo e-Civil ayicingwanga ngaphandle komsebenzi osisiseko wokuchotshelwa kweendlebe. Ezi ntlanganiso zasebenza njengebhulorho egxekayo phakathi kokusebenza ngqo kwezitrato nesenzo sowiso-mthetho sowiso-mthetho weCapitol. Baguqulela amandla okuziphatha okuhambelana nenkqubo yomgaqo-mthetho.

UJim Crow: Iindlebe Ezadubulisa Uhlanga

Ngo-1963, uMongameli John F.Kennedy wacebisa ukuba kubekwe umthetho obanzi wamalungelo abantu emva kweengxubevange zogonyamelo eBirmingham, eAlabama. Ukwakha ingxelo yemithetho eyomelele ngokwaneleyo yokoyisa iNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu ye-ofisi, iKomiti yeNdlu kunye neKomiti yeQela yezorhwebo yaba netyala elibanzi. Ingxelo yavakala ingatshabalali. AmaNgqina, kuquka iinkokeli zamalungelo abantu, amaxhoba okuqhushumbiswa kweebhombu, kunye namagosa onqulo, anikela ingxelo ehlazo zolwaphulo-mthetho, inkxwaleko, kunye nokuncishwa kwamalungelo asisiseko.

Elinye lamathuba aphawulekayo kweli xesha eyenzekayo kungekhona ngokungqongqo kwikomiti yowiso-mthetho kodwa phambi kweKomiti yeDemocratic National Convention ka 1964. Fannie Lou Hamer, umxhasi nomvukeli, wanikela ubungqina ngokubethwa kwakhe ngenkohlakalo kwintolongo yaseMississippi. Ubungqina obuncomekayo, obunconywayo ngokwesizwe, obunyuliweyo, obunyuliweyo, bendibano kunye nelizwe . Umongameli uLyndon B. Johnson, obebesamkela ukubetha kwezobupolitika, wabamba ingqungquthela yokucinezela intetho ye-mevange, kodwa umonakalo owenziweyo, kodwa yinyaniso, qha, wenziwa. Ingxelo kaHamer engokrwano, engokweemvakalelo yayingunyakaze yabangela ukusetyenziswa kobuhlangano kukwa-wonke-wonke-Ok.

Ukwakha Ingxelo YoMthetho Wamalungelo Abantu

Amatyala ajikeleze uMthetho wamaLungelo weVoting Rights ka-1965 ayenawo atshintsha ngokufanayo. Iziganeko zogonyamelo ze “ngeCawa” eSelma zanikela isizinzi sokuziphatha esikhawulezileyo, kodwa iindlebe ezalandela iziphumo ezibunono zanikela ingxelo yemiqobo yokuvota ngaphaya koMzantsi. IiKomiti zeva ngeemvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala ezicetyiweyo ezicetyelwe ukungaphumeleli, iirhafu, uloyiko, kunye nogonyamelo olucacileyo nxamnye noBlackvoti. Le ngxelo yegunya yayibalulekile ukubonisa ukuba unyango olunamandla, urhulumente lwafuneka ukunyanzelisa ukuHluHlulo lweshumi elinesihlanu.

Ubungqina bukaGqr. Martin Luther King Jr. nezinye iinkokeli phambi kweKhomishini zanikela impikiswano enyanzelisayo engokwasemthethweni neyokuziphatha. Baphikisa ngelithi ilungelo lokuvota lisisiseko sawo onke amalungelo, nokuba urhulumente urhulumente unegunya elingumGaqo-siseko lokungenelela. Ingxelo yokuva yadala imbali yowiso-mthetho eya kuthi kamva iNkundla ePhakamileyo ixhomekeke ekuxhaseni ukuma komGaqo-siseko woMthetho. Eli xesha limele uphawu oluphezulu lwamanzi oluphezulu lomthetho wentlalo, ubonakalisa amandla entshukumo yomanyano olumanyeneyo, isebe elinovelwano, kunye neBhunga elinolwamdla wokusebenza.

IKhomishini yeKerner: Isilumkiso esingathintelwanga

Ngeli xesha ingeyontlanganiso yokuva, umsebenzi weKhomishini yeSizwe ye-Advisory ekwiKhomishini yeMidlalo yamakhaya (iKhomishini yeKerner) kunye nokusabela okulandelayo kubonisa amandla kunye nemida yokufumana isibakala esisemthethweni. Ikhomishini, emiselwe nguMongameli Johnson ngo1967, yaba neendlebe ezaphanda ngezizathu zeziphithiphithi zedolophu. Isiphelo sayo esidumileyo se-“ Uhlanga lwethu luhamba lusiya kumaqela amabini, omnye mnyama, omnye omhlophe-nenothi nongalinganiyo".[8] lwasekelwa kubungqina obubanzi obuvela kumthetho, abasebenzi bentlalo, kunye nabahlali abachaphazelekileyo.

Ukuvakala kwetyala le-Congress ekwakusenziwa ngenxa yeNkcubeko kaKerner ekuqaleni kwathembisa ukuthatha inyathelo elicacileyo kwizindlu, umsebenzi, kunye nakupolitiki. Noko ke, ezopolitiko zifuna ukuzalisekisa iingcebiso zengxelo zithe zaphela. Uxinzelelo lwaphela yimfazwe yeVietnam, ukunyuka kwezopolitiko, nokubulawa kukaGqr. King. Indlebe kaKerner isebenza njengesikhumbuzo esicacileyo sokuba ingxelo enamandla, kwanaleyo ixhaswa ligosameli lomongameli, ayiguquleli ngokuzenzekelayo kwinkqubo. Ukusilela ekusebenzeni kwimibango yayo emininzi yezo ezopoliti mfazwe, kukulumkisiso nayiphi na into ebeka ukholo lwayo kumandla okuva ukuze kuguqule utshintsho.

IQumrhu eliBalulela uLuntu kwiGumbi leKomiti

Kumashumi eminyaka emva kweXesha Lamalungelo Oluntu, ukuchotshelwa kweenkundla kuye kwaqhubeka kusebenza njengendawo ephambili yokulwela ukusesikweni kwezentlalo, nangona imeko yezobupolitika iye yaqhekeka yaza yabangela ukonakalisa.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamapolisa nophando olude lokuphendula

Emva kokubethwa kukaRodney King nokugwetywa kwamapolisa aseLos Angeles ngo-1991, iKhomishini yachophela amatyala aphengulula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla agqithisileyo kunye nemfuneko yokuvelela kukarhulumente. La matyala ayephakathi kwabokuqala ukunikela iqonga lesizwe kwimbambano yenkohlakalo yamapolisa kule mihla. Zakhokelela kwixesha elifutshane lotshintsho, kuquka ukudlula koLawulo lobuGcisa bobuGcisa noMthetho ka-19995 kunye noMthetho iEnkordermentment, nto leyo eyayiquka ukuvumela iSebe loLugwebo ukuba liphazelele kwaye liquke amasebe amapolisa aququle kwisenzo “seko okanye ukuqhelisela ihambo engafaneleki.

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukufa kukaMichael Brown e-Forguson (2014, u-Eric Garner eNew York, kunye noFreddie Gray eBaltimore kwabangela ukuvakala okutsha. ICongressiononal Black Caucus kunye neNtlanganiso yeNtlanga-Mkhosi yeNtlanganiso yaba neentlanganiso ezavavanya ukulwa kwamapolisa, iprofilling, kunye nokungaphenduli kobuhlanga lwabaphathi. Kodwa, ezi zimviyo aziphumelelangaphumeli umthetho obalulekileyo wezwe. Imiqobo equka isakhiwo se-operathi ye-Proliti, imibutho enamandla, kunye negridi eqinileyo.[FLT]

Ukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd ngowama-2020 kwayiguqula le ngxaki, ubuncinane okwexeshana. Ividiyo yokufa kwakhe yabangela umbutho woqhankqalazo omkhulu kwimbali yaseMerika. Ekuphenduleni, le Home yagqitha i-George Floyd Justice Act, ityala elibanzi lokulungisa. Iindlebe ezikhokelela kule voti zazala bubungqina obungokweemvakalelo obuvela kwintsapho yakwaFloyd kunye namanye amaxhoba ogonyamelo lwamapolisa. Ngelixesha lokuphuma komthetho kwiNdluvolo, iingxelo eziye zavelisa eyona ngxelo ibanzi yamapolisa embalini. Babonisa ukuba ukuva oku kunokubangela uhlaselo lobuzwe kunye nomkhosi wobupolisa, kwanokuba oko kungena kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa komthetho.

Ubulungisa: Umva weNtlanganiso yeNtlanganiso yeeNtlanga

IBhunga leNdlu yeeNkundla ePhakamileyo uClarence Thomas laziziityala eziqulunqayo, yaye ezibuhlungu, isiganeko sokulungisa ngokwesini eUnited States. UNjingalwazi uAnita Hill, owayesasebenza noThomas, wangqina ukuba wayemchaphazele kumagqabaza nangehambo ecacileyo ngokwesini. Ingxoxo yeBhunga leNtlanganiso yamaLungu eMicious esoloko ithandabuza ingoyithanda ukudubulana nenogonyamelo lweHill.

Ukuva kwabhenca ubufanasini obunzulu phakathi kwebutho lezobupolitika zaza zabalaselisa ukuxhaphaka kokukhathazwa ngokwesini emsebenzini. Ukuphathwa kweHill kwavuselela isizukulwana samabhinqa, nto leyo ekhokelela ngqo ekuququzeleleni iingxelo zokukhathazwa ngokwesini, imigaqo emitsha yesizwe kule mbambano, kunye “Unyaka kaMama” ngowe-192, xa inani elibhaliweyo lamabhinqa lanyulwa kwiBhunga. IHill-Thomas ngumzekelo ocacileyo wendlela ukuva okunokuba yindawo yokungalungisiyo okunzulu nokungalungisi kobuntlalo. Intlungu yobungqina yayiyokwenene, kodwa ubupolitika bezobupolitika babangela ukuba kubekho isiseko sombutho wanamhlanje wokulingana ngokobufana emsebenzini.

Ukulwa Nebhokisi Yebhola Kwinkulungwane Yama - 21

Amalungelo okunika uncedo abuyele phambili kumthetho wokuchophela. Emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yowama-2013 Shelby County v. UHomer , owenziwe ngemiqathango engundoqo yoMthetho wamaLungelo, igalelo lemiqathango yokuvota yengi etsha yamiselwa. IBhunga liqulathe iindlebe ezininzi kulo mba, livavanya impembelelo yemithetho ye-ID, linqumla ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, kunye nokurhoxiswa kwevota.

Ezi zimvo ziye zanikela ubungqina kwiinkokeli zamalungelo abantu, amagosa onyulo, kunye nabavoti abaye bajongana nemiqobo. Baye benza indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukubuya kwemeko yokurhoxiswa kwemeko nokubekwa kwetyala elitsha lesizwe, njengeJohn Lewis Voting Rights Adrivement Act. Noko ke, njengamatyala otshintsho, la macala aye ajongene nenkcaso eBhunga, ebonisa into entsha: kwixesha lokubekwa kwe-Riphabliki, ukuva kusenokuyichaza ngokunempumelelo ingxaki kunye noluvo lukawonke wonke ngaphandle kokuba akwazi ukuphelisa i-Rofficester esemthethweni. Ukuva kusebenza njengesixhobo esigxekayo semfundo kunye ne-evoccone, kodwa akuyiyo ukuthatha indawo yemithetho yezobupolitika efunekayo.

Imida: Ithiyetha, Isifo Senyama Emnyama, Nokusetyenziswa Kwezixhobo

Ukuze ayiqonde ngokupheleleyo indima yokuchotshelwa kweendlebe, umntu umele aphendule ngomlinganiselo onzulu ozinzileyo kunye nonokwenzeka kwengozi.

Xa Iindlebe Zisiba Yindawo Yemidlalo Yezobupolitika

Enye yeengcebiso ezizingisileyo zolu lwimi lwangoku kukuba baye bahlahlela kwiholo yezopolitiko. Kunokuba babe kukuphengulula okunyanisekileyo izibakala, ngokufuthi kulungiselelwa ukuvelisa izicwangciso ezintle zonxibelelwano kunye neenqaku zobupolitika. Ukuvakala kaninzi kwi-Pemocrats ngo-2012 kujongwa ngabagxeki be-Democrats njengendlela yokuqhuba ehloniselwe kwezobupolitika ukungonakalisa i-Hillary Clinton yephulo lomongameli. Ngokufanayo, ama-2021 athetha “ngesithethe seNdluvo-politika" phambi kweKomiti yendlu ka-Judiary yabonwa ngabagxeki njengengxoxo ethetha ngemfazwe elungiselelwe ukukhuthaza isiseko esinesithethe.

Lo tyekelo lubhekisele ku- “sboocha” amaxesha kunye nokuma kombutho osukruqukileyo kungenza ukuthenjwa kwesi siko kungabi nakuthenjwa kwaye kujongele phantsi imibandela enzulu. Xa ukuva konke kuthathwa njengedabi lezobupolitika, uluntu lunokuba lukrwada, lungawajiki, lungawacimi ixesha lobungqina bokwenene obuza kubangela utshintsho. Lo mboniso ungawongamela undoqo.

Ukubandezeleka Kobungqina Basesidlangalaleni

Isenzo sokunikela ubungqina phambi kweKhongosare sinokuba ngamava abuhlungu kakhulu, ingakumbi kumaxhoba ogonyamelo okanye ucalucalulo. Kufuneka ubungqina ukuze buphinde buxelelwe ezona zinto zibuhlungu eziye zabangelwa kukuncinwa ngogonyamelo yimeko yezobupolitika esenokuba yintiyo. Ukuva kwegumbi lokuva akucetyelelwanga ukubaliselwa kwezonyango; kulungiselelwe ukulwa okungokwasemthethweni nokwezobupolitika.

AmaNgqina anokugxothwa, aphazanyiswe, athotyiswe ekuhleni. Amava ka-Anita Hill angomzekelo onamandla. Ukungaxhaswa ngokwaneleyo kwamangqina, ukujongwa kwamajelo eendaba, kunye nokuchanabeka kwawo ngokufuthi kusenokubangela inxeba lesibini. Abanye abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi le nkqubo ikhupha amabali abuhlungu abantu abagwetyelwe inzuzo yezobupolitika ngaphandle kokunikela intelekelelo yokwenyaniso okanye okusesikweni. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo onzima wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwimibutho: xa kufanelekile ukucela umsindisi ukuba anikele ubungqina?

Umsantsa Ongenakuvalwa Phakathi Kobungqina Nomthetho

Owona mda ubalulekileyo wokuva okuququzelelwayo ngumsantsa phakathi kolwazi nesenzo. Ukuva kungavelisa intabalala yobungqina, kuvelise ixesha lomsindo obangelwa ziintsholongwane, kwaye kwakhe ityala elinyanzelisayo lotshintsho. Kodwa, kurhulumente owahluleleneyo, oku kusenokuba akwanele. IKhomishini yeKerner ivakala, i-Forguson, kunye ne-George Floyd iphulaphula zonke izicelo ezinamandla nezomthetho. Kwimeko nganye, umthetho ophumele kokungahambi, umele uwiswe phantsi, okanye ungaze ufakwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuva sisixhobo sokuphembelela, kungekhona umthombo wamandla. Kusebenza kwimekobume yezobupolitika, phantsi kwamandla afanayo okulawula ulawulo, ukuphembelela, kunye nequmrhu elilawula yonke inyathelo lowiso-mthetho. Umbutho oxhomekeke kuphela ekuvikicheni iinjongo zawo uyadaniswa. Ukuva kusebenza kakhulu xa kusetyenziswa kwikomyutha nezinye iintlobo: ukuhlanganisa uququzelo, unyulo, i-politiligation, kunye nesenzo esingqalileyo.

Isixhobo Esinyamezelayo Nesona Singafanelekanga Sokutshintsha Intlalo

Ukuchotshelwa kweendlebe zeKhomishoni bubugcisa obungafezekiyo kodwa obuyimfuneko bokuphendula ngedemokhrasi. Bunikela iqondo lokungathethi, ukuqwalaselwa kokungekho sikweni okufihliweyo, nendlela yokunyanzela amandla ukuba aphendule izenzo zawo. Ukusukela ekulweni noJim Crow ukuya kumlo oqhubekayo wokulwela utshintsho lwamapolisa nokuvota, igumbi lokuva liye lahlala likho kuhambo olude oluya kumanyano olufezekileyo.

Kodwa, azinakusilungisa isicombululo. Impumelelo yokuchophela ityala ixhomekeke kuphawu lomsindo kawonke-wonke, ubuchule bokuphatha kwezobupolitika, inkalipho yamangqina, nokuvuma kwabenzi bomthetho ukwenza okuthile. Ukuva kunakho ukuthoba isangqa sendalo ekwindalo elungileyo, kodwa akunakuthatha indawo yamandla ebutho labantu okanye imfuneko yamandla ezobupolitika. Kubemi nabaxhasi, beqonda indlela yokuzibandakanya nale nkqubo ($h[3] indlela yokufuna ukuva, indlela yokuthetha ngokunempumelelo, nendlela yokulawula imiqobo yayo enzulu yokulwa ngokusesikweni.)

Kwixesha lolwaphulo-lwazi olungenaziphakamiso kunye nokungathembani okunzulu kwezobupolitika, ukuva kugcina amandla akhethekileyo okulungiselela ingqalelo yesizwe, ukwenza umzuzu woqwalaselo lwesizwe, nokubeka urhulumente kwingxelo kawonke-wonke. Sisikhumbuzo sokuba kwidemokhrasi, eyona ndlela inamandla yokuhlola amandla asiyoyo eyeyezobupolitika okanye inkqubo, kodwa uluntu olukwaziyo ukubona nokuqonda inyaniso. Ukuva kuyindlela ecacileyo yokutyhilwa, imposiso, kodwa ekugqibeleni isithethe esingundoqo solawulo lolawulo lolawulo lwaseMelika. [[FLT: 0] Imithetho nemigaqo elawulayo iye yabekwa phezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini , kwaye ihlala ilelinye yezona ndlela ziphambili kubameli babantu abamele urhulumente noobangela amalungelo abantu.