Indima Ebalulekileyo Yeendlebe Zolawulo Kwizibonelelo Ezingeyomfuneko

Iinkqubo zenzuzo zikawonke-wonke ezinjenge-Medicaid, i-Someral Nutrition Active Application Program (SNAP), i-Social Security Disability Issurance (SSI), kunye ne-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa kwabantu zizinto ezisindisa ubomi kwizigidi zamaMelika. Xa umbutho karhulumente ukhanyela, unciphisa, okanye uphelisa iinzuzo, umntu ochaphazelekayo usoloko eziva engonamandla. Kodwa imithetho yorhulumente neyorhulumente iqinisekisa ukuba ikho indlela esesikweni yokuvavanya: ukuva. Le nkqubo ye-Antisi-judia isebenza njengenkqubo yokuqala yokucombulula iimpikiswano phakathi kwabameli nabameli, iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zenziwe ngokucacileyo, ngokucaceyo, nangokungqinelayo, kunye nokuvumelana nomthetho.

Iindlebe zolawulo asingomthetho oqhelekileyo nje. Zimela ukukhusela okusisiseko kwamalungelo enkqubo efunekayo, umgaqo osekelwe kuhlaziyo lwesihlanu nolweshumi elinesine. Kwizigqibo eziphantsi okanye abantu ababuthathaka, ukuva kukuphela kwento esengqiqweni yokukhuphisana nesigqibo esingeyongenelo engakhange ifumaneke kwaye ilibazise utshintsho olupheleleyo. Ukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi ngcaciso, isiseko sazo esisemthethweni, kunye nempembelelo yazo yokwenene yehlabathi ibalulekile kuye nawuphi na osebenzisana neenkqubo zikawonke — u-having ekuba ngumxhasi, umxhasi wenkqubo.

Yintoni Indlebe Yabaphathi?

Ukuchotshelwa kolawulo kuyinto eqhutywa ngokusesikweni ngumenzi wesigqibo ongakhethi-cala, ngokwenyani umgwebi womthetho wolawulo (ALJ) okanye umphathi-mikhosi ovayo oqeshwe ngummeli okanye liqumrhu elahlukileyo. Ngokungafaniyo netyala lenkundla, ukuchotshelwa kuyinxalenye yombutho olawulayo i-’ iziko lesigqibo sangaphakathi kwaye lilawulwa ngumthetho we-Administrative Proceduture Act (A) kumgangatho wolawulo lwaseburhulumente okanye kwizenzo zolawulo olulinganayo.

Ngexesha lokuchonga, ummeli nommeli wequmrhu banethuba lokunikela ubungqina, ukubiza amangqina, amangqina aphikisanayo, kwaye benze iimpikiswano zomthetho. I-ALJ yandula ke inike isigqibo esibhaliweyo esisekelwe kwingxelo kunye nomthetho osebenzayo. Isigqibo eso sibophelele kwiqumrhu ngaphandle kokuba sibhenele kwiqumrhu eliphezulu lolawulo okanye kwinkundla.

Umahluko Ongundoqo Kubuxoki Benkundla

Ukuchotshelwa kwetyala kolawulo kudla ngokuba kuncinane kakhulu kunemithetho yenkundla. Imithetho yobungqina iyakhululeka, kwaye umthwalo wobungqina ungatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweziphumo. Umzekelo, kumatyala e-Medicaid, umbutho usoloko uthwala umthwalo ukuze uthethelele isenzo sawo. Kwiimeko zokuqala, umkhankanyi kufuneka abonise ukuba uyaphumelela. Ukuva kukhawulezile — ezona zinto zifuna isigqibo ngeentsuku ezingama-90 zesicelo sokuva i— kwaye azibizi mali ingako, njengoko abafuni nkonzo bayazimela okanye basebenzisa uncedo lwasemthethweni olukhululekileyo.

Iintlobo Zeingenelo Ezigutyungelweyo

Ityala letyala lisebenza kwiingenelo ezininzi zikawonke-wonke, kuquka

  • [[NTL: 0] Imedicaid kunye nabantwana ’ iNkqubo yeInshorensi yempilo (CHIP) – ukuva ukukhanyela, ukunciphisa, okanye ukuphelisa intelekelelo.
  • [[NTL:0] Inkqubo yoncedo lwentshontsho yentshontsho (SNAP) – imingeni yokungenelwa kwenani, ukuzimisela okungagqibekiyo, kunye nezigwebo zokungagqibeleli.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Uncedo olubalulekileyo kwiintsapho ezisweleyo (TTANF) – iimpikiswano ngoncedo lwemali kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi.
  • [[NTL:0] I-Inishorensi yokhuseleko lokhuseleko (SSDI) kunye nokhuseleko olungaDlaliyo lwe-Infrection (SSSI) – ukuva phambi kwe-Ofisi yemisebenzi yokuvakala ukwenzela ukukhanyela.
  • [[UMKWENZI: 0] I-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa [[FLT: 1] – izibheno zokukhanyela okuyingenelo okanye uhlolo olugqithisileyo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Inzuzo – ukuva phambi kwebhodi ye Veterans ’ izibheno.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Udweliso Lwenkqubo Yokukhetha (Uguqulelo 8) &nadash; ukuphelisa okanye ukukhanyelwa koncedo lokukratsha.

Inkqubela Yesigqibo Sempikiswano: Inyathelo Ngenyathelo

Ukuqonda amanyathelo exesha kunye nenkqubo ye-procedtural kunceda abafuni ukuba basebenzise inkqubo ngendlela ephumelelayo. Nangona iinkcukacha zingafani ngokombutho nangolawulo, ulwakhiwo jikelele lungaguquguquki phantsi komthetho worhulumente norhulumente.

Inyathelo 1: Phawula inyathelo Lokuhlasela

Le nkqubo iqala xa umbutho weengenelo zikawonke-wonke ukhupha isaziso esibhaliweyo esixelela umkhankanyi ngokukhanyelwa, ukuncitshiswa, ukurhoxiswa, okanye ukugqitywa kweenzuzo. Imithetho yomanyano ifuna ukuba isaziso siquke isizathu sesenzo, umgaqo othile okanye inkqubo echaziwe, kunye nolwazi olumalunga nelungelo lokucela ukuchongwa. Umzekelo, imigaqo ye-SNAP kwi 7 CFR &kassean; 273.13 igunyazisa ukuba isaziso siqulathe zonke ezi zinto kwaye sithunyelwe noko iintsuku ezilishumi ngaphambi kokuba isenzo sisebenze.

Inyathelo Lesibini: Ukucela Ukuva

Abamangali kufuneka bafake isicelo sokuva kwisalathisi esikhankanyiweyo sexesha ̬ ngokufutshaniswe iintsuku ezilishumi ukuya kwezingama-30 ukusuka kumhla wesaziso. Kwinkqubo ezininzi, zicela ukuva phambi komhla osebenzayo wesenzo esingalunganga ixhobisayo “ aid ehlawulwayo imodelist ” okanye “ inkxaso eqhubekayo, i & krdquo; isebe kufuneka ligcine iingenelo de isigqibo sokuva sikhutshwe. Le ntambo ibalulekile kubathathi abangakwaziyo ukuzibeka engozini kwinkxaso ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, phantsi kwe Mdicaid, ukuba ucela ukuviwa phambi komhla wokuphela komnyaka oceliweyo, inzuzo iyaqhubeka de ibe sisigqibo sokuva (422F &vissuske; 431.).230.

Inyathelo 3: Isicwangciso sokuva kwangaphambili

Xa kucwangciselwe ukuchongwa, amacala omabini aqokelela ubungqina aze alungiselele iimpikiswano. Ummeli kufuneka ahlole i-’ iifayile, afumane iingxelo zezonyango okanye zemali, kunye namangqina afanelekileyo. Amaphondo amaninzi anikela iingqungquthela ezihlolwa ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe iintlanganiso zokucacisa imibandela kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhlaliswa. Abathathi-nxaxheba bangacela itoliki okanye indawo yokuhlala phantsi kwe-Melika enoMthetho wesiphene.

Inyathelo 4: Ukuziva

Ityala liqhutywa yi-ALJ ezimeleyo kwisebe elenza isigqibo sokuqala. Ukuchotshelwa kwetyala kungenziwa ngokomntu, ngemfonomfono, okanye ngenkomfa yevidiyo. I-ALJ ivula inkqubela, ichaza impikiswano, kwaye ivumela icala ngalinye ukuba linikele iingxelo zokuvula, ubungqina, kunye nobungqina. Ummangali unelungelo lokubuza nawaphi na amangqina anikelwe liqumrhu. I-ALJ ingabuza ukuba kucaciswe imibuzo ecacileyo kwaye ingabukhupha ubungqina obungadibenekanga okanye obungadibanisileyo.

Inyathelo 5: Isigqibo

Emva kokuchotshelwa kwetyala, i-ALJ ikhupha isigqibo esibhaliweyo esiquka okufunyenweyo kwenyaniso, iziphelo zomthetho, nomyalelo ongqalileyo (umz., ukuxhasa ukukhanyelwa, ukunika iingenelo, okanye ukuphinda kuqikelelwa kwendlela). Isigqibo sibophelele kwiqumrhu ngaphandle kokuba isibongozo esisisibongozo. Kwinkqubo ezininzi, isigqibo sigqibele ngaphandle kokuba sibhenele kwiqumrhu eliphezulu lolawulo okanye kwinkundla yesizwe. Umzekelo, i-SNAP izigqibo zokuva zigqibele phantsi kwe 7 CFR &kate; 273.(1).

Inyathelo 6: Okunokukhethwa kuko komNgxuma

Ukuba ummangaleli ulahlekelwa kukuchonga, basenokuba namalungelo angakumbi esibheno. Iinkqubo zoManyano zivumela izibheno kwiqumrhu lezibheno okanye ngqo kwinkundla yesithili yephondo. Iinkqubo zikarhulumente zinganika uhlolo kwiinkundla zikarhulumente. Noko ke, ingxelo yezomthetho idla ngokuba sisiseko sodwa sohlalutyo lowiso-mthetho, nto leyo ekwenza kube yimfuneko ukunikela bonke ubungqina neengxoxo kwiqonga lokuchonga.

IiNtengo zoLawulo eziBalulekileyo ezingokwasemthethweni

Ilungelo lokuchophela ulawulo asilogunya kodwa ngumthetho osemthethweni nogunyaziso. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. kwi- Goldberg v. Kelly (70) yakholelwa ukuba abamkeli bentlalo-ntle banelungelo lokuva okucacileyo phambi kokuba iingenelo ziphele, imisela ukuba iinzuzo zikawonke-wonke ziluhlobo lwempahla ekhuselwe yi-ARR Processolue. Esi sigqibo sophawu sabumba ukhuseleko lwe-procedtura olukhoyo namhlanje.

Kumgangatho worhulumente, uMthetho woLawulo olulawulayo ochaza iinkqubo zokuva [[FULT]] umisela imilinganiselo jikelele yemimiselo, kuquka iimfuno zabenzi besigqibo abangakhethiyo, isaziso, nelungelo lokunika ubungqina. Inkqubo nganye yenkxaso yesizwe inemimiselo yayo echaza iinkqubo zokuva. Umzekelo, i-HHS (42 CFR ICart 431) ilawula uMdicaid translate trans, ngexa ummiselo we-USDA (7 CFR Icandelo 273) i-S.

Imithetho yezombuso ibonakalisa ezi zikhuselo, ngokufuthi ngeenkcukacha ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, ICalifornia’ iSebe leeNkonzo zezempilo inikela ukhokelo oluninzi ekuceleni nasekulungiseleleni ukuva okunganqamleziyo. Ngokufanayo, uLawulo lokhuseleko lwe-Sacial [ lukhupha imibandela emisela imilinganiselo yokuva kwesiphene, kuquka novavanyo lobungqina bezamayeza.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqinisekisa Ukuba Unyanisile Nokuziphendulela

Iindlebe zolawulo ziyindlela ephambili yokugcina abameli benoxanduva kwimithetho yabo nakumthetho. Ngaphandle kwabo, abathiyi bebengayi kuba nayo indlela esebenzayo yokuvavanya iimpazamo zebureaucracy, izigqibo ezizizo, okanye ukuchazwa kakubi kwenkqubo. Ukuva kukwasebenza umsebenzi omiselwe ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo: ngokuhlola amatyala ngamanye, i-ALJs iyakwazi ukuchaza iipakethi zempazamo kunye namaqumrhu akhuthazayo ukuphucula uqeqesho, ukhokelo, okanye imigaqo yokulungisa.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuva kukhuthaza ukubonakala. Iingcebiso ziyabhalwa, kwaye izigqibo zisoloko zifumaneka ekuhleni. Oku kukhanyisa kudimaza ukuzenzela izigqibo kwaye kwakha ukuthemba uluntu kwinkqubo yeengenelo. Umzekelo, ulwahlulo lwabantwana neentsapho lunikela uncedo lobugcisa ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zokuva, ukwamkela indima yazo kwinkqubo yokuthembeka.

Iingenelo Zokuchongwa Kolawulo

Inkqubo yokuva inika iingenelo ezikhethekileyo kunelitha kunye nesebe elicocekileyo lokuqwalasela kwakhona.

Kwabo bathelekisayo

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukhuseleko lweNdlela oluQinisekileyo: Abangqiniswayo banelungelo lokuviwa, ukubona ubungqina obuchasene nabo, nokuphendula. Le yinxenye esisiseko yemithetho esesikweni yaseMelika.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iingenelo eziQhubekekileyo: Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukucela ukuva kubangela uqaqaqa-gqaba lokwenza into engalunganga, kuthintela isithuba kuncedo olugcina ubomi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Isicwangciso sokwahlula: Ukuchophela akoyikanga kakhulu kuneenkundla zenkundla, kwaye abaninzi abamangaleli bazimela ngempumelelo ngoncedo oluvela kuncedo lwasemthethweni okanye kwimithombo yoncedo lwabo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Isisombululo sexesha: imihla yokugqiba isiseko siqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zinikezelwa ngokukhawuleza, ngokufuthi phakathi kwiintsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwezingama-90.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Icebo lokulungisa: Ukuva kusisikhuseli esikhululekileyo okanye esiphantsi sokufumana imvume xa kuthelekiswa nokuqesha igqwetha nokuvala ityala.

Kumaziko karhulumente

  • Ukungabikho kwempumezo [[FLT: 0] Ukuva kusombulula iimpikiswano ngokukhawuleza nangexabiso eliphantsi kunenkundla ephindiweyo.
  • Ukungaguquguquki: ALJ zifaka imigangatho efanayo kwiimeko ezifanayo, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kweziphumo.
  • Ulawulo lomgangatho wolawulo: izigqibo zokuva zinika ingxelo esetyenziswa ngabameli ukulungisa iimpazamo nokuphucula ukwenza izigqibo phambi.
  • Intembelo epheleleyo: Inkqubo yokuva eqinileyo ibonisa ukuba umbutho ubophelelekile kubulungisa kunye nomthetho.

Iingxaki Nezithintelo Zokufikelela

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo, iindlebe zolawulo azifezekanga. Abathelekisayo bajamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo, ingakumbi abo bangenamali ininzi, abakhulileyo, abakhubazekileyo, okanye abangeyosiNgesi.

Ukuntsonkotha Nokungabikho Komelo Olusemthethweni

Abaninzi abathi banokungenamdla wokufumana igqwetha, kwaye uncedo lwasemthethweni olukhululekileyo lusoloko luncitshiswa. Ngaphandle kokufumana umelo, abamangaleli bazama ukuqokelela ubungqina, ukuqonda imigaqo yomthetho, kwaye banikela ityala labo ngokufezekileyo. Uphando lubonise ukuba abameli baloo mntu basengozini enkulu yokufumana ukuviwa. Umzekelo, uphando luka-2018 lokuchongwa kweengxaki zoKhuseleko loLuntu lufumaniwe ukuba abameli banesantya esingu-60% xa kuthelekiswa ne-36% kwabo bangafikelelwanga.

Izithintelo Zolwimi Nezokufikeleleka

Abo bathi banobuchule obulinganiselweyo bamaNgesi basenokungafumani saziso ngolwimi lwabo okanye basenokungabi nazo iinkonzo zokutolika ngexesha lokuchongwa. Ngokufanayo, abantu abaneziphene basenokujamelana nemiqobo engokomzimba okanye yobugcisa. I-ADA ifuna indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyahluka-hluka ngokubanzi.

Ukusoyika Namandla

Inkundla ithumela ummeli okanye igqwetha eliqeqeshiweyo, ngoxa eli gqwetha livela lodwa. I-ALJ ligosa likarhulumente, yaye igumbi lokuchola isenokuziva njengenkundla yetyala. Oku kungalungelelani kunokwenza abameli bangazixhasi ngokupheleleyo.

Ukulibazisa okuthatha ixesha elide kunye neenkqubo ezingancediyo

Ngeli xesha imizila yexesha emiselweyo isekho, kwezinye iindawo ii-pareji zokhuseleko zibambezeleka kangangeenyanga. Kwinkqubo yoKhuseleko loluntu, umlinganiselo ulinda ukuviwa kweenyanga ezili-18 kunyaka wama-2022. Ngexesha lokulinda, abafuni benokuphulukana nezindlu, bangaphathwa kakuhle, okanye bangajongwa bengakhuselekanga ekutyeni.

Amanyathelo Okuphucula

Ekubeni eqonda ezi ngxaki, amaqumrhu karhulumente naworhulumente aye aqalisa utshintsho ukuze kulula ukuphulaphula yaye kuphumelele.

Uncedo Olusemthethweni Olwandisiweyo

Iinkqubo ezifana ne-University Servicess Esemthethweni (LSC) zixhasa uncedo lwasemthethweni olufunyanwa ngabantu abaphantsi. Ngaphezu koko, amanye amaphondo amisele i-“ amaqabane asebenza ngokwamayeza i” ukuba amagqwetha axhotyisiweyo kwizicwangciso zonyango ukunceda izigulana zicombulule iinzuzo. Iinkqubo ze-probono kunye neekliniki zesikolo somthetho zikwanikela umelo.

Iinkqubo ezilula nolwimi olucacileyo

Izicelo zikhangela kwakhona isaziso kunye neefomu zesicelo ukusebenzisa isiNgesi esicacileyo (okanye ezinye iilwimi) kunye nengcaciso ezicacileyo. Amanye amaphondo anika ucwangciso lokuva kwingingqi, uxwebhu, kunye nokulayishwa kwesigqibo. Umzekelo, iNew York City Human Resoution Administration[[FLT: 1] inikeza izibuko lobuhlobo nomsebenzisi ukwenzela iindlebe ezintle.

Ekunokukhethwa kuko kokuvakala kude

Isifo se-COVOID-19 esikhawulezileyo sokusetyenziswa komnxeba kunye nokuchongwa kwevidiyo. Abaninzi abaxhasi banikela ingxelo yokuba ukuva okukude kokulondoloza ixesha lokuhamba nokunciphisa ixhala. Ngoku iSocial Security Administration iqhuba uninzi lweziphene zokuva ngevidiyo. Ukuqhubeka unika iindlela ezinokuguquka kunciphisa imiqobo kwabo banezothutho okanye abanemiqathango yempilo.

Isigqibo Sangaphambili Nesinye Isisombululo

Ezinye iinkqubo ngoku zinika uhlolo lwangaphambili okanye i “ intlanganiso apho abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nabasebenzi bombutho bangacombulula imicimbi ngaphandle kokuva okupheleleyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo ye-SDA &srsquo; SNAP ikhuthaza ulwamkelo lweenkqubo zesigqibo sokuqala ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwasemva noxinzelelo lwemali.

Ugcino-lwazi olucace gca nokuphendula

Ukupapasha ugcino-lwazi lokuva oludityanisiweyo . olufana nexabiso lokubuyisela utshintsho, umlinganiselo wexesha lokufikelela kwisigqibo, kunye nokuthobela ukuthobela ulwimi (__wavumela abaxhasi kunye namaqumrhu olawulo ukuba agcine amaqumrhu ephendulekile. i-Sacial Security Administration ’ izibhempe ze- iphepha linika ugcino-lwazi lwesenzo, lusenza uphando lukawonke-wonke.

Isiphumo Sehlabathi lokwenene: Imizekelo yetyala

Ukuze ubone indlela iindlebe ezilawulwayo ezitshintsha ngayo ubomi babantu, khawuqwalasele ezi meko.

Ulungiso lomntwana oluneemfuno ezikhethekileyo

Umama ongenaqabane eTexas wafumana isaziso sokuba unyana wakhe u’s Medicaid uza kupheliswa ngenxa yokuba umbutho wachaza ukuba imeko yakhe yempilo ayisahlangani nemilinganiselo yesiphene. Wacela ukuva ngaphakathi kwifestile yemini elishumi, nto leyo eyayithetha iinzuzo eziqhubekekayo. Ekuchongweni, wanika iirekhodi ezihlaziyiweyo zezamayeza kunye neleta evela kumntwana i-’ ugqirha wezifo. U-ALJ wafumana umbutho i-’ ukuzimisela kwakhe okungachananga nokuyalela ukubuyiselwa. Ngaphandle kokuva, umntwana ebengakhange afumane mayeza agxekwa.

Ukuhlawulwa ngokugqithisileyo ngenxa yempazamo ye-arhente

Umhlala phantsi eOhio wafumana isaziso esifuna ukuhlawulwa imali engaphezulu ka-4,800 eSNAP inzuzo yokuhlawulwa ngokugqithisileyo okubangelwa yimpazamo yekhompyutha karhulumente. Wacela ukuchotshelwa nokunikwa kwamaxwebhu abonisa ukuba uchaza kakuhle ingeniso yakhe. Igosa elivayo lavuma, layiyeka intlawulo engaphezulu, layalela ukuba isebe liyiyeke imigudu yokuqokelela. Ukuva kwalo kwalikhusela kwityala elingekho sikweni ebelinokukhutshwa kwityala elingenjalo elithe lakhutshwa kwi-cheke likaSocial Secutry.

Isiphelo

Iindlebe zolawulo zisisiseko sobulungisa kwiinkqubo zikawonke-wonke. Ziguqula amalungelo afunekayo abonakalayo abe ngamathuba aqinisekileyo abantu abanokuvavanya izigqibo zikarhulumente kunye nenkxaso efunekayo. Ngelixesha inkqubo ingenaziphazamiso ezikhoyo, imiqobo yokumela okusemthethweni, ukufikelela kolwimi, kunye nolibaziseko lweenguqu ezikhoyo zenza ukuva kube lula nokuphumelela.

Kubantu abazibanga, beqonda indlela yokucela nokulungiselela ukuva. Kubalulekile kubaxhasi, abaququzeleli benkqubo, kunye nabasebenzi besebe, ukuphucula inkqubo yokuva ngokuqhubekayo yimbopheleleko engokomthetho neyomthetho. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo yokuva esebenza kakuhle iqinisekisa ukuba iinzuzo zikawonke-wonke ziphumeza injongo yazo: ukulungiselela umnatha wokhuseleko olungeleleneyo, olungileyo, nosabelayo kwiimfuno zabo ucetyelwe ukunceda.