Ukuqonda iiPacs ezinganxibelelaniyo nendima yazo kwiingxoxo zomgaqo-nkqubo

IiKomiti ze-Pistical Action Action (ii-PACs) zisisiseko semali yezenkxaso yezenkxaso eMelika. Ngoxa zidityaniswe nee-PAC zinxulumene neenkampani, amaqumrhu asebenzayo, okanye amaqumrhu orhwebo, ii-PACs ezingeyonkxaso zisebenza ngokwayo nayiphi na intlangano exhasayo. Ziphakamisa kwaye zichithe imali ukuxhasa okanye ukulwa nabathathi-nxaxheba, imigaqo, kunye nomthetho ngaphandle kokunxulumana ngokungqalileyo nequmrhu lomzali. Le nkululeko izenza zibe bhetyebhetyebhetyebhetye ekulungiseni inkqubo kawonke kwiingxoxo ezininzi zemibandela.

Ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zenziwa ngamaqela abantu ngabanye, imibutho yeengcamango, okanye amaqela ancedisanayo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezopolitiko. Ngokungafaniyo nee-PAC ezidityanisiweyo, ezinokucela kuphela iminikelo kubasebenzi okanye amalungu ombutho wawo oxhasayo, ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zinokurhweba imali kuwonke-wonke.

Impembelelo yee-PAC ezingeyoyoyo iquka ngaphaya kwamaphulo okupapasha amajelo okuchonga. Zixhasa izibhengezo zokupapasha, iiholo zedolophu, zivelisa iingxelo zophando, kwaye zibandakanyeke ekungeneleni ngqo. Ngenxa yokuba zingakhange zijongwe kwinkampani enye okanye kwimibutho yokudibanisa, ezi paC zinokujika ngokukhawuleza ukuphendula iingxoxo zemigaqo-nkqubo equkuqelayo, ukusuka kwimimiselo yemekobume ukuya kutshintsho lwempilo. Ukuqonda iimakhani, isakhiwo esisemthethweni, kunye nempembelelo ziyimfuneko kubafundi, abafundisi, nabani na obandakanyekileyo kwintetho yezobupolitika yaseMerika.

Imeko yembali: Ukunyuka kweePacs ezinganxibelelaniyo

Inkqubo yePaC yale mihla yabunjwa nguMthetho weCandelo loNqumrhu loMbutho (FeCA) ka-1971 kunye nezilungiso zayo ngo- 1974, ezadala isakhiwo esisemthethweni se-PACs njengendlela yokubonelela ngemirhumo yezaphulo. Ekuqaleni, ii-PAC ezininzi zadityaniswa kwimibutho, amaqumrhu, okanye amaqumrhu orhwebo. Noko ke, ii1970 zakubona ukukhutshwa kwe-PACs, okuqhutywa yimibutho yemibutho yenkcaso kunye namaqela obuchule obunye.

Kweza ixesha elibalulekileyo nesigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo yowama-1976 [iNkundla Ephakamileyo:0] Buckley v. Valeo, eyaqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali ukuphembelela unyulo kuluhlobo lokukhusela intetho phantsi koMphengululo wokuqala. Esi sigqibo savula umnyango wenkcitho ezimeleyo /imali echithwayo kwinkcubeko yezopolitiko engadityani nomntu okanye umbutho. I-PACs edityanisiweyo yakhawuleza yalithatha eli thuba, idala indlela entsha yokuphembelela kwimicimbi ezimeleyo ngaphandle kweqela lesithethe.

Kuyo yonke iminyaka yoo1980 kunye nowe-1990, ii-PAC ezingeyonkqubo edityanisiweyo zanda, ingakumbi kwimibandela eshushu enjengokuqhomfa, amalungelo empumlo, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu. Iintlangano ezinjengeNational Rifle Association Proligist Survice Fund kunye ne-partic Committee Practical Com zazibiza ngamagama ekhaya, zisebenzisa inkululeko yazo ukuxhasa iziphumo ezithile zenkqubo ethile. Umthetho weNguquko lweBertistantical Reformation ka-200 (McCain-Fiecold) wazama ukulinganisela imali ethambileyo nezibhengezo ezidiyo ezidityanisiweyo, kodwa ezingadibaniyo ze-PaCs ezidityanisiweyo zazinziwa ngokuqwalasela inkcio ezizimeleyo nangemali.

I-1010 Ityala elimanyeneyo. FEBC isigqibo satshintsha ummandla. Ngeli xesha ulawulo olunempembelelo kakhulu kumaqumrhu kunye namaqumrhu, lwaqinisa amandla alo naliphi na iqela ``kuquka ii-PACs' ezingedityaniswanga''. Ukusebenzisa imali engenasiphelo kunxibelelwano lwezopolitiko oluzimeleyo. Oku kwakhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-PC, engokohlobo lwe-PAC enokuthi inyuse kwaye ichithe iimali ezingasikeliyo kubantu ngabanye, kwimibutho, nakwimibutho. I-PAC isebenza kancinane phantsi kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo kodwa yabelana uphawu olungundoqo lokuzimela ngokwayo kwizinto ezixhasayo.

Namhlanje, ii-PACs (kuquka iiPaCs) ziphakathi kwabadlali abakhutheleyo nabanempembelelo kunyulo lwequmrhu kunye neengxoxo zenkqubo. I-FEC yanikela ingxelo yokuba iiPaC ezingadityaniswanga zinyuke ngaphezu kwe-R2,5 amawaka ezigidi kumjikelo wonyulo wodwa wama-20222, zityala malunga ne-45% yayo yonke i-PAC evontingshini.

Iintlobo zePAC ezinganxulunyaniswanga

IPAC engadityaniswanga asiyonto enye. Ivela ngomahluko oninzi, ngamnye uxolelwa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo zobuchule kunye nezithintelo ezisemthethweni.

Iipacs ezinganxulumaniyo ngokwesithethe

Ezi ziPaC ezisezantsi ezimele ukubhaliswa neFEC kwaye zihlale kwimida yomnikelo. Bangamkela ii-$5 000 (iizigidi) kumntu ngamnye ngonyaka ngamnye wekhalenda kwaye bangafak ’ isandla ukuya kwii-$5 000 ngekota yonyulo kwikomiti yonyulo karhulumente. Ii-PAC eziqhelekileyo ezingadityaniswanga zingenza inkcitho ezizimeleyo, kodwa ezo ziphantsi kwemfuno zokwambula. Imizekelo iquka Service Eveeeeentues International Union Political Education ne Fund (kunye ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi okudityanisiweyo kwePAC, uphatho oluninzi lwe PC, uluvo lwazininzi lusebenza phantsi kwalemis).

I-CPF Ephezulu (IiKomiti ezizinzileyo

Phendla I-PACs zizinto ezitsha, ezisemthethweni emva Ngoku. . FEC (2010). Zinokunyusa zize zichithe imali engaphelekiyo kubantu ngabanye, amaqumrhu, amaqumrhu, namanye amaqela, ukuba nje azivumelani nabani na umbutho okanye umbutho. Imizekelo ephezulu PACs kufuneka inike ingxelo abanikeli bazo kwi FEC, nangona abanye abanikeli besebenzisa izitishicilele ezimnyama. I-PAC iba yeyona iphambili kumongameli kunye ne-mijahosho, ixhasa amatyala amakhulu, ukuvota, ukuvota, kunye nophando. Imizekelo emikhulu iquka [[FLD:] Izenzo ze-USAP [FFF:3]

IiPacs eziHlanganisiweyo

Kwakhona eyaziwa njengeekomiti zikaCarey, ii-PAC ezixubileyo zombini zine-PAC yesithethe enokuthi yenze igalelo elingqalileyo kubathathi-nxaxheba kunye nelungu le-PACI Ephezulu elinokwenza iindleko ezizimeleyo ezingenakupheliswa. Kufuneka zigcine ii-akhawunti zebhanki ezahlukeneyo zinamathele kwimithetho eyahlukeneyo yomsinga ngamnye.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoBukhokeli

Ngeli xesha bubugcisa obudityaniswe nomphathi ngamnye, ii-PC zobunkokeli zidla ngokuphathwa njengezingadibaniyo ngenxa yokuba zisebenza ngokwazo nayiphi na ikomiti yephulo lobhaptizo. Zisetyenziswa ngamagosa anyuliweyo ukuxhasa abanye abathathi-nxaxheba, ukurhwebelana, nokukhuthaza ugcino-mali lwawo lwezopolitiko. I-Predentiader PC iphakamisa imali kubantu ngabanye nakumaqela enza iinkcitho ezizimeleyo. Zifihlwa umgca phakathi kweminxeba edityanisiweyo nangadityaniswanga, kodwa uphando oluninzi olulawulayo oluzinzileyo lwamaqela njengangadibaniselwanga zinjongo zokuxela.

Indlela ehambelana ngayo nemithetho yeengxoxo zePaC ezinganxulunyaniswanga

IPAC ezingadityanisiweyo ziphembelela iingxoxo zomgaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke kwimijelo emininzi, nganye ijolise kumaqondo ahlukeneyo enkqubo yokwenza inkqubo.

Impembelelo Entle

Isiphumo esibonakalayo sikwizinyuko. IPAC enganxulunyaniswanga ichitha imali eninzi kubanyuli abalungelelaniswe nenkqubo yabo ephambili. Ngokuxhasa ngenkxaso-mali izibhengezo zohlaselo, imiyalezo enika ingxelo elungileyo, ukufumana iidrayivi ezingaphandle, kunye nemigudu yokuvota, babumba ukuqalwa kweBhunga kunye nezindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente. I-PAC enikezelwe kwisenzo semozulu, umzekelo, ingaxhasa ukucelw'iiiiilo ngokuchasene neerekhodi zokuvota ezingakulungisiyo kwimibandela yokusingela. Le mikhosi yovotisi yoontatho efuna indawo yokuthatha indawo kwimiqathango yemiba, ingxolo yengxoxo.

Ukunika igalelo lokuqesha nokulungisa i-Agenda

I-PACs engazidibanisiyo ikhupha igalelo lokunika ingxubusho engamncomeli ngokucacileyo umbhaptizi kodwa igxininisa imiba ethile yenkqubo. Ezi zibhengezo, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “zizibhengezo zentengiso ze-iscous,” zingathunyelwa nangaliphi na ixesha, kuquka iifestile zonyulo. Ngokufaka imiba enzima ngendlela ethile, i-PACs imisela ucwangciso lwentetho yesidlangalala. I-PAC ejolise ekuphuculeni irhafunxa ikhofiwe yerhafu ebonisa ikhowudi yerhafu njengengafanelekanga, inyanzela abaphathi-mthetho ukuba basebenze. Ukuqhushumbisa i-thelelana kwamaphepha amhlophe, uphatho, ugcino-data, kunye nokungqinela ukuba izibhengezosi-ndaba kunye neenkqubo zoonobumba benkqubo.

Ukhuthuzo kunye nokubopha

Ii-PAC ezininzi ezingadityaniswanga zigcina ii-intanethi eziqinileyo ezingenisa iingcambu. Zilungiselela iintlanganiso, ziqhuba iibhanki zemfonomfono, kwaye zithumela izixhobo zamanani ukulungiselela abaxhasi. Xa iPaCs iqwalaselwa, ezi pacs zingavelisa amawakawaka onxulumano nee-imeyili kwii-ofisi zombutho. Zikwabandakanyeka kwintsebenziswano ezithe ngqo/ukudibana nabalawuli bemithetho-mthetho, ukuqhuba ulwimi lwezikomfakela, nokunika igalelo lwezingcali. Ngoxa ukutsala kungummandla wesithethe i-PADicocacycy, amaqela angadityaniswanga rhoqo nee-e-e-e-e-emails ezidityaniswe nee-ofisi ze-ofisi. Zikwayadityaniswa nee-501(c)(4) ezivunyelwe ukuba zenze i-oko ezingena kungenelo-omfono.

Ukubekwa komthetho nokwenza ulawulo

Ezinye ii-PAC ezingeyo-ongeniswanga zifaka ityala lokuvavanya okanye ukukhusela iinkqubo. Umzekelo, i- Inkululeko yamakhaya yaseMelika Union (ene PAC enxulumeneyo) isoloko inelitifaces kwimiba yenkululeko yamakhaya. I-PAC ikwaba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yokwenza imithetho, inika amagqabaza kwimigaqo ecetyisiweyo echaphazela ummandla wayo wokhuphiswano. Le mpembelelo engachananga ibumba ukwenziwa kwemithetho, ngokufuthi ngendlela eqhubela phambili izicwangciso zenkqubo ze-PAC.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yePaccos ezingadibaniyo kunye nempembelelo yazo

IiPaC eziliqela ezingadibaniyo zijike ngokuphawulekayo kwiingxoxo zenkqubo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.

INgxowa-mali yoLondolozo lweSizwe (NRAPVF)

I-PAC yeNRA yenye yezona mikhosi zezobupolitika ezinamandla. Ichithe amakhulu ezigidi zeerandi ukuxhasa abaqhubi bemipu kunye nabaxhasi boloyiso. Impembelelo ye-PAC yayisembindini wokuvala umthetho karhulumente kwimvelaphi yonke emva kokujongwa kweSandy Hook, kwaye iye yasetyenziswa ekukhuliseni umgangatho wemiqathango yombuso. Inkqubo yokulinganisa i-NRA ifuna umlinganiselo ukusuka ku-A+ ukuya ku-F, kwaye i-A+ i-A i-A-A i-a iyakwazi ukukhusela izigidi zabantu ekuchitheni imali. Ikhono le PAC lokuqokelela abanikazi bemipumpu kwibhokisi yebhola igcina ingxoxo yemipu yemithetho ehambayo ye-Melika.

Isenzo Esiphambili SeUSA

Njenge-PPAC ephambili exhasa abathathi-nxaxheba bedemokhrasi, iZithabo eziphambili zeUSA ezichithwe ngaphezu kwama-$300 ezigidi kumjikelo wama-2020. Yajolisa kwintengiso yolwimi, ukujolisa ngamanani, kunye nomvoti. Umba wayo wabalaselisa ubuchule bempilo, uqoqosho, kunye ne-COVID-19. Ukuphumelela kwe-PAC ekulungiseni uluvo lukawonke wonke ngaloo miba kwanyanzela ukuba iphulo lokuphikisa lijikeleze, liphembele ngqo izicelo zenkqubo eziphikisanayo ngexesha lonyulo.

Umbutho Wolwando

Le paces iphezulu ixhasa iinkqubo zezoqoqosho ezingqongqo, kuquka ukugawulwa kwerhafu, ulawulo, norhwebo lwamahhala. Ijolise amaRiphabliki aphambuka kule migaqo kwi-prime, ewohlwaya ngezibhengezo ezingalunganga nangabaxhasi abaxhasi. Eli cebo liyiguqule inkqubo yeParti yeRiphabliki yeSizwe yokuxhasa uqoqosho oluthe lwamkeleka, ichaphazela iingxoxo zolungiso lwerhafu kunye neengxoxo zoqingqo-mali.

Ukuphelisa Abemi

IPAC enikezelwe ekubhukuqeni I-CIIINN , eli qela lifuna imali exhasa iphulo lemali. Ngelixesha usukelo lwalo lwenkqubo luchanile . Ukuvelisa impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika `PACIC' ngokwako kuyila ingxoxo: inyanzelisa abathathi-nxaxheba ukuthatha indawo kwimali yephulo, umba onokuthi ngenye indlela bafumane ingqwalasela encinane. Ngeminikelo ethe ngqo nenkcitho ezizimeleyo, i-End Patizenties United incedile ukudlulisa imithetho yemigangatho ye-rejiyo karhulumente kunye neenyathelo lokuthatha amanyathelo athile kumazwe amaninzi.

Ukusetyenziswa komgaqo-nkqubo nocelomngeni lokubonisa ngaphaya

I-PACs engadityanisiweyo isebenza phantsi kwe-culm yemithetho karhulumente neyamazwana. Kumgangatho worhulumente, i-FEC inyanzelisa iimfuno zokuxela, imida yomnikelo (ngezithethe ze-PAC), kunye nemithetho ethintelayo enxulumene nabaqwalaseli. I-PACs kufuneka ibhalise njengeekomiti ezizimeleyo zenkcitho kuphela kwaye ityhile bonke abanikeli abanikelayo abangaphezulu ko-R350 ngonyaka. Noko ke, intelekelelo zivumela “imali engekho mthethweni”: abani banganikela ngemali engama-501(c)(4) imibutho yokunceda abantu, ngoko ke itshintshe imali kwi-PCs eziphezulu ngaphandle kokukhupha imithombo yokuqala.

Oku kungabikho kokukhanya kuyinto enkulu yokugxeka. I-FEC ixakeke kakhulu yi-grid lock, isoloko ingakwazi ukunyanzelisa imithetho okanye ukucacisa iindawo ezingwevu. Umzekelo, nokuba izibhengezo zamanani zidibene nephulo lomvomzeli kodwa zixhaswa yi-PAC engekho nxibelelwano olungekho mthethweni zisaphikiswana. Ikhomishini yequmrhu elinamalungu amathandathu, ehlulwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamaqela, isoloko ibulala izibokisi kwizenzo zonyanzelo.

Umthetho womgangatho wemeko womahluko jikelele. Amanye amazwe afuna ucalucalulo oluneenkcukacha lwazo zonke ii-PAC, ngelinye ixesha amanye amaphondo angenawo ukhathalelo luninzi. Amazwe ambalwa ayayivala iminikelo yenkampani ezimeleyo kodwa avumela ukusetyenziswa kwemali ezimeleyo nge PACs. Lo msebenzi wesiphaluka udala umhlaba wokudlala ongalinganiyo kwaye ungakhokelela kumsebenzi wokuqokelela i-PAC efuna imekobume elungileyo.

Ukugxekwa Neingxubusho Ezimalunga Nee-PAC Ezinganxibelelaniyo

Indima yeePAC ezingeyoyoyo idityaniswe kwiingxoxo zenkqubo iyaphikiswa. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi bakhulisa amazwi abantu abazizityebi kunye nezilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo ngokuhlawula abemi abaqhelekileyo. Ubuchule bokusebenzisa imali engaphekwanga qha qha qha ngexabiso eliphezulu . Ngokubhekiselele kuMphathiswa wePACICs /ukusungula inkqubo apho imali ithenga impembelelo, iziphumo zenkqubo zokuxhasa iimfuno zabanikeli. Uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba abezobupolitika basabela kakhulu kwiimbono zabaxhasi abazizityebi kunokuba kuxhomekeke kuwonke wonke, ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yemali ye-PAC.

Enye indlela yokugxeka “luhlanga lwezixhobo” lwezibhengezo ezingalunganga. I PAC engadityaniswanga isoloko isebenzisa izibhengezo zohlaselo ezigqwetha iingxelo zabachasi, ezikhokelela ekunyuseni ucalucalulo kunye nokungavoti. Ukungabi nabubungqina bokuphendula. (ngokuba izibhengezo aziveli ngqo kumvoti-"ivumela i PAC ukunyanzela imida enyanisweni. IFEC isoloko isukela izibhengezo zobuxoki, ishiya abavoti bekhetha inyani kwintsomi.

Abaxhasi bachasa ukuba ii-PAC ezingeyo-odiyo zinyusa ukuthathi-nxaxheba kwedemokhrasi ngokuvumela abantu abacinga njengabo bahlanganise ubuncwane kunye nomeli beembono zabo. Baphikisa ngelithi ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngokwayo kukhuselwe intetho phantsi koMphetho wokuqala kunye nokutyhilwa komphini kunika ukubonakala. Ngaphezu koko, baphikisa ngelithi ii-PAC ezingeyo ezidityanisiweyo zinika ilizwi kumaqela angenayo imvelaphi yesithethe, njengamaqela esithathu, imibutho engqinelanayo, kunye nemibutho ekhuthaza iingca.

Le ngxoxo ikwathetha ngomahluko phakathi “kwemali enzima” kunye“ nemali enzima.” Ii-PAC zesithethe zilinganiselwe kwiminikelo, ngelixesha ii-PACs eziphezulu zingekho. Abanye abaququzeleli baxhasa ukubhukuqa i-Citizens United okanye ukudlulisa ulungiso lomgaqo-siseko ukuvumela iBhunga ukuba lilawule intlawulo yephulo. Abanye bacebisa ukuba imali elinganayo, imali kawonke-wonke, okanye inyuse iimfuno zentelelo zokunciphisa umgangatho wendawo wokudlala.

Utyekelo Lwekamva Nobuchule Obugqwethekileyo

I-PAC engadityaniswanga izakuqhubeka iguquka njengendlela yobugcisa kunye notshintsho lomthetho. Iminikelo ye-Crypturrency, ngexa isenqabile, sele isetyenziswa zezinye ii-PACs. Unyuko lwe-AI-generated lungenza kube nzima ukuchaza umthombo wezibhengezo ze-politiki, ucel ’ umngeni imithetho yokutyhila. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwe “mali emnyama” nge-501(c)(4) okungavelisi ngeniso kuthetha ukuba umthombo wokwenene weminikelo emininzi ye-PAC uhlala ukhazimnqa.

Ucelomngeni olusemthethweni kwimfuno zokwamkelwa luyaqhubeka. AmaMelika e Process Foundation v. Bonta (2021], iNkundla ePhakamileyo ibekelwe umda amandla karhulumente okufuna ingeniso ukuchaza abanikeli. Esi sigqibo singadambisa ukubonakala okucacileyo kwe-PAC imali esetyenziswayo ngemibutho engakhuphiswanga. Ngokuchaseneyo, amanye amaphondo atyhalela imithetho engqongqo, efana nokufuna iidislayidi ezibhengezweni zemivo yamanani kunye nokunika ingxelo yokwenene yemirhumo emikhulu.

Ukwenziwa kwamanani neengcamango zePAC ezingeyoNkcubeko kuyatshintsha. Abanikeli abaselula basenokuxhasa iPACs ngokubhekiselele kwiinguqulelo zemozulu, kubulungisa bobuhlanga, nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho. Oku kusenokubuyisela impikiswano yemithetho kwezo ngxaki. Kwangaxeshanye, iiPaC zesithethe ezinxulumene nezilangazelelo zenkampani zihlala zinamandla, zibangela uxanduva olunempembelelo kwintengiso yezobupolitika.

Amaziko Aphambili Abafundi Nabafundisi

Kwabo bafunda urhulumente waseMerika, ii-PAC ezingeyontsebenziswano zibonisa ukudibana kwemali, ukuthetha, kunye nenkqubo. Zibonisa indlela izilangazelelo ezilungelelanisiweyo ezinokuyibumba ngayo imimiselo, abameli abanyuliweyo, kunye nomthetho wempembelelo. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwee-PAC ezidityanisiweyo nezingadityanisiweyo, ukunyuka kweePACIO eziphezulu, kunye nezithuba ezivumela imali emnyama kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni amaphulo zobupolitika anamhlanje.

Abafundi bangasebenzisa uphando lomzekelo olunjenge NRA, i-USA Action, okanye i-Club yolwando lokuhlola impembelelo yokwenene yehlabathi. Iingxoxo zeklasi zingagxininisa kusini na kwi PACs ukuphuhlisa idemokhrasi okanye yonakele, kwaye abafundi bangahlalutya i-data yotyhilo olusuka kwimithombo efana i-opensets[ ukulandelela ukuphuma kwemali. Indaleko yemibutho yemali yezemali isuka ku-FECA ukuya ku[FLT]][FLT]][3]]

Ii-PAC ezingazidityaniswanga aziyomali nje ekwintlawulo yephulo. Zisebenza, ziyatshintsha, kwaye zingumphumo wabadlali kuyo yonke ingxoxo engundoqo yenkqubo, ukusuka kwinkcubeko yempilo ukuya ekungeneni ukuya ekukhuseleni imeko-bume. Ngokuhlolisisa iindlela zazo, imiqathango, kunye neempikiswano, sifumana ukuqonda okunzulu ngesizathu sokuba ezinye iimbambano zilawule incoko yesizwe ngelixa ezinye zityhafa ngokufihlakeleyo.