Ukunyanzeliswa Kocalulo Lweminyaka Kwimithetho Yomsebenzi: Ukhokelo Olunento yokwenza Nexesha

I-Unimement Obportunity Commission (EOC) lisebe lesizwe elimangalelwe ngokutolika, ukuphanda, nokumisa imithetho echasene nocalucalulo emsebenzini eUnited States. Ngoxa ukulawula kwalo kunezi mpawu ezininzi ezikhuselweyo `kuquka uhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, imvelaphi yesizwe, kunye neziphene . "Indima ekumiseleni imithetho yobudala yobuhlanga echaphazelekayo neyalukileyo. Inqaku linikela indima esemthethweni esemthethweni e-EOC phezu kocalucalulo lobudala beminyaka eUnited States isuka kwi-AMreact (ADEA), umthetho okhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye abadala be-Econd esekelwe kwimpatho-yo, kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo, kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo, kunye nolawulo loogqeqeqeshi be-EC.

ISicwangciso sasemthethweni: Ucalucalulo lweNkathi yeNkcubeko kuMthetho we-Adrea (ADEA)

I-ADEA yenza ukuba kungabi mthethweni ukuba umqeshi, umbutho wemisebenzi, umbutho osebenzayo, okanye ikomiti encedisa abasebenzi basebenzisane bakhethe umntu ngenxa yobudala babo nakweliphi na ixesha, imeko, okanye ilungelo lomsebenzi. Lo mthetho usebenza kubaqeshi abangabodwa nabaqeshwa abangama-20 nangaphezulu, kwakunye norhulumente, kunye nemikhosi karhulumente yasekuhlaleni. Ukuze iqonde indima ye-EEOC ngokupheleleyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqathango engundoqo ka-ADEA nendlela abahluke ngayo kwimimiselo echasene nomthetho ochasene nomthetho-mthetho-mthetho.

Ukukhusela Abantu Nezenzo Ezigubungeleyo

I-ADEA ikhusela abafaki-zicelo nabasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu. Umthetho ugubungela phantse zonke iinkalo zolwalamano lomsebenzi, kuquka ukuqesha, ukudubula, ukunyuselwa, imbuyiselo, izabelo, ingqeqesho, iinzuzo, kunye nokususwa kwemisebenzi. Okubalulekileyo, i-ADEA iyawakhusela abasebenzi abatsha, kwaye akukho “lwahluleko” olukhoyo phantsi komthetho wabasebenzi abangaphantsi kwama-40 abakholelwa ukuba abakho ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi abadala bafumana unyango olukhethekileyo. Umthetho ukwalela ukuhlaselwa okusekelwe kubudala obungqongqo okanye obusasazenzileyo ukwenza imekobume entle, njengokuziphindelela nangaphi na umntu ochasayo, ukuhlasela okanye ukugxazululwa kwe-EC, okanye ukugxabana noxandulo lwe-EC.

Abasebenzi Abakhulileyo Bafumana Iingenelo Zokhuseleko (OWBPA)

Isivumelwano esiqatha sonyaka-waka sonyaka we-OWBPA, nasiphi na isivumelwano esifuna umqeshwa ukuba alahle izivumelwano ze-ADEA (ezifana nesivumelwano sokhuseleko okanye ukukhululwa okunxulumene neenzuzo zabasebenzi, mhlawumbi okubalulekileyo, okumiselwe iimfuno ezicacileyo zokungatho-mali zamalungelo e-ADEA. Phantsi kwe-OWBPA, nasiphi na isivumelwano esifuna umqeshwa ukuba aphumeze izindululo zakhe (ezifana nesivumelwano somqobo okanye ukukhululwa okusawiso somdibaniso nokunciphisa umkhosi) kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zemithetho engqongqo. Ezi ziquka ukunikezela ngonono- 21 ubuncinane ngeentsuku (okanye iintsuku ezingama-45 ukuba ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuphuma), iintsuku ezisixhenxe zokuphelisa isivumelwano, kunye nolwazi olubhaliweyo malunga nenkqubo yomgangatho ophezulu xa kuqukiwe ezi migaqo-EC zibandakanye nezi zibandakanya ngokuqhutywa ngokuqhutywa kwesivumelwano.

Ulwalamano Eminye Imithetho Echaseneyo

I-ADEA ineemfundiso ezininzi ezahluke kakhulu kwiSihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1949, othintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, kunye nemvelaphi yesizwe. Olunye umahluko omkhulu “ngowona mlinganiselo ubalulekileyo kunokuthiwa i-RFOA imela iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kumgangatho othile ngaphantsi kwe-ADEA. Ngaphezu koko, umgangatho wobungqina bokungacalucalucalucalulo lomntu osele ebudaleni uphezulu ukuba i-ADAAA isekelwe kwinkangeleko ebanzi yeminyaka ebanzi. Le ntambo yokuzikhusela imele ibonise ukuba“ imfuno yemali efunekayo” isebenza ekudibanisweni kwento ethile phantsi kweSihlokoti VII. Ngaphezu koko, umgangatho wokungaqiniseki ngqinela iziphumo zokungachana kwe-ADE phantsi kweSihlolo seNku.

Ngenkcukacha ezithe kratya kwi ADEA ngokwayo, jonga umbhalo opheleleyo womthetho kunye notshintsho lwawo kwi [[FLT: 0] EOC's ADEA kwiphepha

Inkqubo Yokunyanzelisa IEOC: Ukusuka Ekuguleni Ukuya Ekuvulweni

I-EEOC ayinawo amandla okukhupha izigwebo zolawulo okanye intengo yocalulo lobudala. Endaweni yoko, imodeli yayo ibandakanya ukuphanda, ukukhuthuza, kwaye, xa kuyimfuneko, i-arhente. Ukuqonda indlela i-EEOC eqhuba ngayo ityala localucalulo lobudala kubalulekile kubo bobabini abaqeshwa abakholelwa ukuba baye bacalucalulwa nabaqeshiweyo abafuna ukwazi oko banokukulindela ngexesha lophando.

Ukumangalela Ucalucalulo

Phambi kokuba umntu amangalele umqeshi wakhe ngenxa yocalucalulo lobudala phantsi kwe-ADEA kwinkundla yesizwe, kufuneka kuqala bafake ityala localulo nge-EEOC. Le yimfuneko esemthethweni (imfuneko yokufaka isiqinisekiso. Ityala kufuneka libhalwe phantsi kwesivumelwano, libhalwe phantsi kwesivumelwano, kwaye kufuneka lithi umqeshi othe wacalulwa. Ityala limele libekwe kwientsuku ezili-180 zesenzo sokutyholwa ukuba likho ucalucalucalulo. Noko ke, ngokwamazwi athi inemithetho yabo yocalulo lobudala beminyaka kunye nesiko lokugunyazisa (o-o-obizwa “abizwa ngamazwe angenamthetho”), lo mqeshi ufanele anikezelwe kude iintsuku ezingama-300. Abaqeshiweyo bafanele bafumane umfanekiso othe kratya ngokunokwenzeka; abalinde ixesha elide kakhulu bangaphulukana ekuthini kwe-kuquluku, ukuba i-'itshayo.

Ukuthabatha Nokwabela Isabelo Sokuqala

Xa ityala lithe labekwa, iEEOC inika umphandi ityala layo. Le ntsimfa isenokungenela kwi-arhente yangaphambili ukuba umqeshi ukulungele kwaye ityala libonakala lilungele isigqibo esingacwangciswanga. Izityholo ezininzi ziconjululwa kweli qonga ngocwangciso lobuxhakaxhaka bobuzwe be-EEOC, olusisigxina, olusisifungo sokuzithandela, nolungahlawulwayo kuwo omabini amaqela. Ukuba uphando lungaphumelelangaphumelelanga okanye lunganikelwa, ityala liqalisa icandelo lokuphengulula.

Uphando

Ngexesha lophando, iEEOC iqokelela ubungqina bokufumanisa ukuba kukho isizathu esisengqiqweni sokukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo luye lwenzeka. Umphandi angacela amaxwebhu avela kwiqela elikhohlakeleyo (umqeshi okanye umqeshi) kunye nomphendula-gosa (umqeshi). Izicelo zohlobo luquka iifayile zabasebenzi, iifayile zomsebenzi, iitshati zentlangano, uvavanyo lomsebenzi, iingxelo zokuthoba okanye ukuthoba umgangatho, kunye nayo nayiphi na imithetho enxulumene nobudala okanye umhlala phantsi. IEOC isenokubuza amangqina okuphendula, ukuqhuba incokola, nokucela umqeshi ukuba anikezele ingxelo esesikweni ephendula izityholo.

Abaqeshi kufuneka basebenzisane nophando lwe-EEOC. Ukwala ukulungiselela amaxwebhu, ukuphazamisa udliwano-ndlebe, okanye amangqina asongelayo kungaphumela ekubeni iEEOC ifune ipopu encinci okanye ifake ityala ukunyanzelisa ukuthobela. Noko ke, abaqeshi bakwanelungelo lokumisela imigaqo yomthetho kuyo yonke inkqubo kwaye bafanele babuze ngesiluleko ngaphambi kokuphendula nasiphi na isicelo se-EEOC.

Kwinkangeleko ye-eEOC yenkcazo, tyelela umphathi-mikhosi [[FLT: 0] EOC ubiza isikhokelo sokugcina ifayile [[FLT: 1].

Isizathu Esisengqiqweni Sokuzimisela Nokuvumelana

Emva kokuqwalasela ubungqina, iEEOC ikhupha enye yezi ziphumo zimbini: “usizathu esisengqiqweni” sokuzimisela okanye“alukho sizathu esivakalayo sokuzibophelela”. Ukuba iEOC ayifumani sizathu silungileyo, ummangali ufumana isaziso esifanelekileyo ukuya kwi-ienue. Oku akuthethi ukuba umqeshwa akanatyala; kuthetha nje ukuba iEEOC ayibufumananga ubungqina obaneleyo. Umntu angafaka ityala ngasese kwientsuku ezingama-90 zokwamkela isaziso.

Ukuba i-EEOC ifumana unobangela ofanelekileyo, le nkqubo iza kumema omabini amaqela ukuba abe nenxaxheba kwintsebenziswano-mxhesho----a apho i-EEOC izama ukufikelela kwikhaya lokuzithandela eliphelisa uqheliselo lokukhupha ulawulo lolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye inike uncedo kwiqela eliphetheyo. Intethelelo ingaquka ukubuyiselwa, umhlawulelo, ukubuyiselwa, ukongamela, ukohlulwa kwemali (apho ikhona), kunye nemali yegqwetha. Ukuba ukubhaliswa kwe-EOC kungasilela ukumangalelwa kweqela elikhohlayo, okanye ingakhupha isaziso sokulunga kwinkundla ukuze umntu aqhubeke ukuzithethelela kwakhe.

Ukwenziwa kobuxoki

Xa i-EEOC ifaka ityala ngokuchasene nomqeshi, ikwenza oko kwinkundla yesithili yorhulumente. Umbutho unabasebenzi bawo abasemthethweni kwaye ungamelwe liSebe loBulungiseleli kwiimeko ezithile. I-EEOC isenokubandakanya iimfuno zomntu ngamnye okanye, kwiimeko apho umqeshi ekholelwa ukuba ubandakanyeke kwimigaqo okanye uqheliselo localucalulo, ungafuna uncedo oluphangaleleyo lwenkqubo yesiqhelo. Kwindlela okanye kuqhelise, iEOC ingafuna ukubuyiselwa kwintlawulo olukhulu lodidi lwabantu abachaphazelekayo, ngokutshazela ukuphelisa iinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye namanyathelo okuvuma ukunyanga ukunyanga i-calucalucalulo oludlulileyo. Ezinye iimeko zobudala ezibalulekileyo zocalucalucalulo zibangelwa yinkqubo ye-ECC.

Iimbambano Eziluncedo Ekungqineni Ucalucalulo Lobudala

Kumsebenzi namagqwetha abo, ukungqina ucalucalulo lobudala kufuneka uphakamiso olucokisekileyo kubungqina nakwimigangatho esemthethweni. Abaphengululi be-EEOC balandela imigaqo emiselwe kakuhle yezobunzululwazi xa behlola iziphumo zobudala.

Ubungqina obuthe ngqo obucacileyo.

Bunqabile ubungqina obucacileyo bocalulo. Bungaquka amazwi acacileyo athethwa ngumenzi wesigqibo afana nothi “Asikuqeshi kuba umdala kakhulu” okanye“Sifuna ukuzisa abantu abaselula." Xa kukho ubungqina obungqalileyo, umqeshi uthwala umthwalo omncinci ekutshintsheni kwemeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ucalucalulo lobudala lubonakala ngobungqina obungenazintloni, obufana namazwi athetha ubudala, ukungacalucalulwa kwamanani, ixesha elirhanelayo, okanye ukungavumelani kwezizathu ezichaziweyo zomqeshi wakhe.

Isakhiwo esinguMcDonnell Douglas

Kwimeko ezixhomekeke kubungqina obukhoyo, iinkundla (neEOC abaphengululi) zisebenzisa umiselo lomthwalo olumiselwe ku Mc Douglas Corp. v. Green. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, iqela eliphetheyo kufuneka kuqala limise i-facie ... fratima facie[ ityala lokubonisa ukuba ba-(40 okanye ndala, (2) bafanelekele umsebenzi onzima, (3) bafumana umsebenzi onzima, kwaye (4) bathathelwa indawo yenkonzo elungileyo okanye baphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kakhulu kunelixesha eliqhelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka elishumi okanye elingephi). Ukuba iqela elilawulayo lihlanga elinoxandukile, kufuneka libonise isizathu sokungaqeqeshi, ukuba umqeshi-mthetho ofanelekileyo, (2) ukufaneleka kwesenzo salo.

Ubungqina Obungokweengqokelela Bobudala

Amanani adla ngokwenza indima kwimiba yokucalucalulo yobudala, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya unciphiso-mandla (i-RIF) okanye iipateni zobudala bokuqesha. Amatyala anganikela ubungqina obubonisa ukuba abasebenzi abadala baphelisiwe ngokungenakulinganiswa, bakhutshwe, okanye bagqithiswe ekunyuseni. Ugcino-lwazi lwe-EOC kunye namangqina obuchule anceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amanani ahluliwe abalulekile kusini na. Noko ke, iinkundla ziyalumka ngokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwizibalo, kwaye umqeshi angaphinda anikele ubungqina obungeyo ngokubonisa izizathu zokungachananga.

Ingxelo yokubuyiselwa

Udidi olubalulekileyo lwezityholo eziphethwe yi-EEOC lubandakanya ukuziphindezelela. Akuvumelekanga ukuba umqeshi aziphindezelele kumntu ocalucalulo lobudala obuchaseneyo, ofaka ityala, okanye abe nenxaxheba kuphengululo. Ingxelo yokubuyiselwa isoloko ilula ukungqina kunokubonisa ukucalucalulwa okungachananga kuba unxulumano olufutshane phakathi komsebenzi okhuselweyo nesenzo esingalunganga lungasondele kakhulu. Ngokunjalo lungangendlela yokuphelisa okanye ukuqeqesha okwenzeka iintsuku okanye iiveki emva kokuba umqeshwa ekhalaze ngekhethe lobudala. UEOC uthatha isiphithiso esinzulu kwaye usoloko efuna iindlela zokuzilungisa.

Izixhobo Zonyango Ziyafumaneka Phantsi KweADEA

Amayeza e-EEOC angawafuna ekufumaneni okanye ngokudibanisa ahlukile koko kukhoyo phantsi kweSihloko VII. Phantsi kweADEA, amayeza akhoyo omntu othe wabhata empumelelo aquka:

  • [ Emva komvuzo — imbuyekezo yomvuzo neengenelo ezilahlekileyo ngexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuya kumhla womgwebo, nayiphi na ingeniso encinci. Imali ehlawuliweyo inganyuswa ukuya kwiminyaka emibini phambi kokuba ityala libekwe (iminyaka emithathu kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho okuzithandela).
  • Imali ehlawulwayo — ihlawulwa ngokubuyiselwa xa kungenakwenzeka ukubuyiselwa, imela ingeniso elahlekileyo yexesha elizayo.
  • Umonakalo ocetyiweyo — umlinganiselo olinganayo webhaso ukuba umqeshi waphula umthetho “wawuthanda,” ithetha ukuba umqeshi uyazi okanye ubonise ukungakhathaleli ngokungakhathali ukuba ihambo yakhe ichasene ne-ADEA. Ilahleko enyibilikileyo iphinda-phinda ibhaso lomqolo.
  • [[NTLA] Isiphumlisi esingesosiphelo — umyalelo wenkundla ofuna umqeshi ukuba ayeke uqheliselo lolwaphulo-mthetho, amkele iinkqubo ezingekho mthethweni, isaziso seposi, kwaye athathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukwaphulwa kwexesha elizayo.
  • Iindleko zeAttorney kunye neendleko ze- — i-patritiff ekhoyo ingafumana iindleko zegqwetha ezifanelekileyo kunye neendleko zokunika intlawulo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iADEa ayikuvumeli ukuchacha komonakalo wokuhlaziywa kwengxaki yeemvakalelo okanye iintlungu nokubandezeleka, kwaye ayivumeli umonakalo wokubuyisela ityala (ngaphandle kweemeko ezilinganiselweyo ezingasebenziyo apha). Oku kuthetha ukuba amatyala ocalucalulo obudala adla ngokungabi nangeniso ingako kubathathi-mali nakumagqwetha asecaleni kocalucalulo oluqhelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimfuno zengqesho, kodwa isenokunika umvuzo olufanelekileyo nomonakalo ohlawuzayo, ingakumbi kwiimeko zokwaphula umthetho ngamabomvo.

Impembelelo Ebanzi Yomthetho Weminyaka WeEOC

Impembelelo yeEEOC ingaphaya kwemithetho yetyala lomntu ngamnye.

Ukhokelo lolawulo neeNgxelo zoLawulo

I-EEOC inika imiqathango elawulayo, ukhokelo lokucacisa ulawulo lwe-ADEA. Umzekelo, i-EEOC ipapashe ukhokelo lokusetyenziswa kweemeko ezisengqiqweni ngaphandle kobudala, ukusetyenziswa kwe-OWBPA ekunqumleni izivumelwano, imithetho elawulayo ekhuphayo kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwe-ADEA kunye nezinye iingenelo zemithetho. Abaqeshi abalandela ukhokelo lwe-EEOC banciphisa ubungozi babo bokujongana nocalucalulo xa bephenyiswa.

Ukufikelela kwiSebe nemfundo

Enye yezona misebenzi zibalulekileyo ze-EEOC yimfundo. Umbutho uqhuba iinkqubo zokuqeqesha rhoqo izifundiswa zoovimba babantu, amaqela abaqeshi, kunye nemibutho yophuhliso lwabasebenzi. Ikwanika ubuncwane bamahhala ngezantsi kubandakanya amaphepha enyaniso, ii-webinar, kunye neemodyuli ze-intanethi . ezinceda abaqeshi baqonde iimbopheleleko zabo phantsi kwe-ADEA. Ngonyaka wama-2023, i-EOC yaqhuba iziphumo ezikhunjululwayo, ezininzi zazo zithetha ngocalucalulo lobudala kunye neemfuno zemisebenzi emidala.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Ezibalulekileyo

Kwiminyaka emine, iEEOC ipapasha isiCwangciso se-Entectivement Encomekation (SEP) esichaza iindawo eziphambili zombutho. Ucalulo lobudala beminyaka belusoloko luyinto ephambili, ingakumbi kumongo wokunciphisa umthamo, ukusetyenziswa kolwazi olusekelwe kwiminyaka eqingqiweyo ekuqeshini nasekunyuseni, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-ADEA kubantu abanoxanduva lokunyamekela. Okona kutsha kubalulekileyo kwi-SEP (2024-2028) kugxininisa ucalulo lobudala njengenxalenye ye-EOC kwinkalo “yokuqalisa kwemiba” kunye“ nocalulo-nkqubo. ” Ukongeza, iziko zisandul' ukumisela imibalelwano enxulumene nabasebenzi abadala kwicandelo lobugcisa, apho ubugcisa obunxulumene nobuxhakaxhakaxhayo obuqhelekileyo obunxulumene nobugcisa bobugcisa bobugcisa bobugcisa bobugcisa busasazene.

Iimeko Eziphawulekayo Zocalucalulo Lweminyaka Ye - EOC

Kwiminyaka engamashumi angamashumi, iEEOC iye yazisa amatyala amaninzi ocalucalulo ophawu lwexesha elibalulekileyo awenzileyo umthetho. Umzekelo, kwigunya [[FLT: 0] EOC v. Wyoming [1993], iNkundla ePhakamileyo ixhase ukusetyenziswa kweADEA kurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, igatya iimpikiswano zokuba igqithe iCongress Congresmonetic Clausleane. .[I-Hazenberg Co. v. Bignignigs [1993], iNkundla ephakamileyo yeNkundla ekwakubekubekusekelwe kwisigqibo somqeqeshi esisekelwe kwimo lomqeshi wemali-mali-A.[8][8] u-AC] ukunceda ukuquququlu-elwa kwesivumelwano esingulo, kunye ne-Oc.

Isiseko sesiseko sesiseko sedata esiphengululwayo se-EEOC, kuquka amatyala ocalulo lobudala, bona [[FLT: 0] EOC iphepha lonikezelo.

Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali loMnyaka noMhla

Enye yezimo ezixhaphakileyo apho ucalucalulo lobudala luvela khona kukuncitshiswa kwe-RF (RIF) okanye ukurhoxa. Xa umqeshi kufuneka asuse iindawo, abasebenzi abakhulileyo bachaphazeleka ngokungenakulinganiswa, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba banemivuzo ephezulu okanye ngenxa yokuba abenzi besigqibo babambelele kwimiba yokuba abasebenzi abadala abakwaziyo ukujikajika okanye abaphumeleli. I-ADEA ayibavumeli ii-RIF ukuba zihlale zijoliswe kubasebenzi abadala ngenxa yokuphosa okanye ekusebenziseni imigaqo yobundilele enokuba nempembelelo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kwesizathu esifanelekileyo kunabanye abantu abadala.

Xa umqeshi eqhuba i-RIF, i-EEOC iza kuqwalasela izinto eziliqela: (1) nokuba imilinganiselo yokukhetha yayinxulumene nomsebenzi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokungaguqukiyo, (2) ukuba ubudala yayiyinxalenye yenkqubo yokukhetha (kwanokuba ayiyo kuphela into ekhoyo), (3) ukuba umqeshi unika abasebenzi abadala iimpahla ezibanyanzelisayo ukuba bahambe, kunye (4) nokuba umqeshi uthe wathobela i-OWBPA ukuba iceliwe okanye ikhutshwa ukutshintshana. Abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine uxwebhu olubonisa ukuba isigqibo ngasinye sisekelwe kwinjongo, oothunywa bexesha elingesiso njengemiboniso, ubuchule bokuyila, okanye iingxelo zolawulo.

Ukuqalisa Ukuthatha Umhlala - phantsi

Abaqeshi maxa wambi banikela iinkqubo zokukhuthaza abantu abasele besaqala ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi (ERIP) ukuze bakhuthaze abasebenzi abakhulileyo ukuba bathathe umhlala-phantsi ngokuzithandela. Ngoxa iinkqubo ezinjalo zingezozo ezingekho semthethweni ngokwemvelo, kufuneka zicwangciswe ngocoselelo ukuze ziphephe ukwaphula i-ADEA. I-OWBPA ifuna ukuba nawuphi na umniki-mali we-mali we-A kumalungelo omhlala phantsi kwangoko kucwangciso lomhlala phantsi ayazi yaye azenzele zenzo zokuzithandela, ngenkcazelo ebhaliweyo engokweenkcukacha zocwangciso, iqela labantu abafanelekele ucwangciso, izihloko zemisebenzi kunye neminyaka yabo bakwicandelo lesigqibo sokwenza isigqibo. IEOCC ibangele ukuba abaqeshishine abaqeshine abaqeshiweyo okanye abangakhangeliyo ngokokwangoko komhlala umsebenzi, bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo.

Izenzo ezizizo ezifanelekileyo kubaqeshi ukuqinisekisa ukubonelela nge-ADE

Abaqeshi abathatha amanyathelo okuthintela ucalucalulo lobudala abafane bamelane nezityholo ze-EEOC, ukubekwa ityala, nokonakalisa udumo. Oku kunconyelwa kukhokelo lwe-EEOC nakuhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwezenzo zokunyanzelisa:

  • Ijogile kunye nokulungisa umsebenzi neenkcazelo zomqeshwa. Qinisekisa ukuba iimfaneleko zinxulumene ngokwenene nomsebenzi kwaye azivavanyi abasebenzi abadala ngokuthanda kwabo. Kuphephe ulwimi olufana “nomfundi ophumeleleyo,”“ lokwemveli,” ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi ufuna iqonga elithile lomsebenzi.
  • Oomphathi beSikolo kunye nabalawuli. uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo kwi-ADEA, iminyaka yobudala, utyekelo olungekho mthethweni, kunye nempindezelo ibalulekile. Abalawuli kufuneka baqonde ukuba amahlazo obudala, amagqabaza amalunga nomhlala-phantsi womsebenzi omdala okanye ubuchule bakhe abumkelekanga kwaye bungasetyenziswa.
  • Uxwebhu lonke lwezigqibo zomsebenzi. Injongo, uxwebhu olukwixesha elinye lusikhuselo esilungileyo ekuchaphazeleni ucalulo lobudala. Oku kuquka uvavanyo lomsebenzi, unyuselo, ukukhupha izigqibo zokukhetha, kunye naluphi na uqeqesho okanye uqeqesho.
  • [[NTL: 0] Jonga imigaqo ye-RIF ngesiluleko somthetho. Phambi kokuba uzalisekise ukurhoxiswa okanye unciphiso-mandla, jongana nesiluleko somsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinketho zokukhetha azingobundilele, ukuba abasebenzi abadala abachaphazekanga ngokungenakuthelekiswa ngaphandle kokugwetyelwa, kwaye nayiphi na into ephazamisayo kunye nokukhupha izivumelwano zihambelana ne-OWBPA.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukutshintshana kweminyaka kunye nokufakwa. impucuko yomsebenzi exabisa abasebenzi abadala, enika amalungiselelo omsebenzi aguqukayo, inika amathuba okuqeqesha aqhubekayo, kwaye ikhuthaza intsebenziswano enqamlezayo. Abaqeshi abanezithethe ezinamandla zobudala abakhange baphephe nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kodwa bangenelwe kubuchule, uzinzo, nolwazi lweziko abaqeshwa abadala abaluzisayo.

Oko Abaqeshwa Bafanele Bakwazi Ngokuphelisa Ucalucalulo Olubangelwa Yiminyaka

Ukuba ungumqeshwa okanye ucela ukukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulwe ngenxa yobudala bakho, ukuthabatha inyathelo elifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo nelobuchule kubalulekileyo. Inkqubo yokuchophela iEEOC linyathelo lokuqala, kwaye kufuneka uzazi iingongoma eziliqela ezingundoqo:

  • Umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha elili-180 (okanye 300 yeentsuku) lingqongqo. Musa ukulinda kwifayile. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba unetyala, dibana negqwetha lomsebenzi okanye dibana ne EEOC kwangoko.
  • [[NTLA] Ubungqina obuthe ngqo. Phambi kokuqokelela, qokelela nawaphi na amaxwebhu axhasa intelekelelo yakho: uhlolo lomsebenzi, ii-imeyili, imisebenzi malunga nokususwa, iiphetshana malunga namagqabaza anxulumene nobudala, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iirekhodi ezinxulumene nemeko.
  • Ifayile [[FLT: 0] izakuchazwa kakuhle. Ityala kufuneka lichaze igama lomqeshi, isenzo somqeshi, kunye nemihla. Kufuneka isayiniswe phantsi kwesifungo. IEOC inomxhasi kunye nokhetho lwe-papyd olunokukunceda kwinkqubo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Hlola uphando. Ukuba iEEOC inika uphando, ifanelekile ukuqwalasela. Ukuququzelela akunanto ininzi, ikhawulezile, kwaye kungaphumela kwisigqibo ngaphandle koxinzelelo lophando okanye uxinzelelo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Gcina unxibelelwano luvulekile. Hlala unxibelelana nomphengululi we EEOC owabelwe imeko yakho. Phendula ngokukhawuleza kwizicelo zolwazi. Ukuba uyahamba okanye utshintsha ulwazi loqhagamshelwano, hlaziya umphandi ngoko nangoko.
  • [[NTL:0] Yazi ilungelo lakho lokumangalela. Ukuba iEOC ayifumani sizathu esivakalayo, ufumana isaziso sasekunene ukuya kwisiqu. Uneentsuku ezingama-90 ukusuka kwisaziso sokufaka isaziso sokumangalela kwinkundla yetyala. Abantu abaninzi abaphumeleleyo bakhetha ixesha emva kokuba iEEOC ingafuni ukusukela eli tyala.

Ikamva Localucalulo Oludala

Ukucalucalulo ngeminyaka kuseyingxaki eqhubekayo kumsebenzi waseMerika, yaye iEEOC iyaqhubeka iguqula iindlela zayo zokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bafanele banyanzeleke ukuhlangabezana neemeko ezintsha.

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye noluvo lwe-algoric. Abaqeshi basebenzisa ubukrelekrele obungeyonyani kunye nezixhobo ezizizodwa ukuvavanya iinkqubo zomsebenzi, uvavanya ukusebenza, kwaye benze izigqibo zabasebenzi. I-EEOC ibonise inkxalabo yokuba ezi zixhobo zinokuba nempembelelo embi kubasebenzi abadala, abasenokuba abanamava kwiiqonga ezithile zemivo okanye abasenokungahambelani nemigaqo ye-algorithm. Isibonelelo siphengulula ngendlela i-ADEA esebenza ngayo kwimithetho-algam-yo yokwenza izigqibo kwaye inike ukhokelo lokusetyenziswa kwe-AIA emsebenzini.
  • Abasebenzi abadala banokunikwa iimbopheleleko kunye nobudala. badla ngokuba neembopheleleko zokunyamekela abazukulwana, amaqabane, okanye abazali abalupheleyo. IEOC iye yaqonda ukuba ucalucalulo kubasebenzi abadala lungadibana nocalucalulo olusekelwe kumgangatho wokunyamekela, kwaye lubangele amatyala abandakanya ubukho okanye ububhetye-bhetye.
  • Umsebenzi othe ngqo kunye nokucalucalula kobudala. Ukutshintshela kumsebenzi okwenye indawo kunye nowentlalo kuvule amathuba amatsha ocalulo lobudala . Abasebenzi abadala bangagqithiselwa kwiindawo ezikude phantsi koqikelelo lokuba bangakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, bangafuneka ngokugqithisileyo basebenze kwi-'a' ngenxa yentelekelelo zabo ezithelekelelo. IEOC iqwalasela ezi zimo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Inkcazo eyongezelelekileyo kunyango. Kuzo zombini i-eEOC ifuna unyango olomeleleyo, kuquka ukubuyiselwa, umvuzo ongaphambili, umonakalo owenziweyo, kunye nowongamela kakhulu. Isebe liye lasebenza ngakumbi ekufuneni isiqabu semali sokulwa amaqela kwaye liye lafumana ii-dillion-dillar ezininzi kwiimeko ezininzi zocalucalulo.

Isiphelo

I-Aumence Blought Opportunity Commission liqumrhu elisemgangathweni lokuqinisekisa ucalucalulo lweNkathi yeminyaka ekwi-Obster Act, umthetho okhusela izigidi zabasebenzi abakhulileyo ekuphathweni ngokungekho sikweni emsebenzini. Ukusuka ekutyeni nasekuphandeni kuqala ukuya kuxolelwa, ekuhlawulweni, nasekunyanzelweni kwenkqubo, umsebenzi we-EEOC ulawula indlela abayila ngayo inkqubo yabo, indlela abasebenzi abadala abawasebenzisa ngayo amalungelo abo, nendlela inkqubo yokusesikweni ethetha ngekhethe elisekelwe kwiminyaka ephumelelayo. Abaqeshineshobhi, ukuthobela i-ADE akufuni nje kuphela ukuphepha ikhethelo kodwa kuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yobundlo-odedederhulu bunga bangabangeli abasebenzi abangakwenzi ngaphandle kokugwetyelwa. Abaqeshi, abaqonda imigaqo yokubekwa kwemi, unyango olufumanekayo, nokubaluleka komsebenzi wokulungisa ngokomzuzwana okunelisayo.

Ukugcinwa kwemithetho yocalucalulo lobudala ye-EEOC kuye kwafak' isandla ekucingeni, ekukhethekeni, nasekusebenzeni okungaphelelanga kumaMelika akhulileyo. Noko ke, ucalucalulo lobudala lusasasazekile, kwaye imigudu yeli sebe iyaqhubeka isetyenziswa ngabasebenzi abalumkileyo, abaqeshi abanolwazi, kunye ne-webhsayithi esemthethweni egunyazisiweyo esemthethweni (i-(i-"ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubudala abuwalinganisisi amathuba omsebenzi womsebenzi womntu. Ukufunda okungakumbi ngomsebenzi we-EOC, ukufikelela kwimithombo, okanye ukukhupha isityholo, kutyelele i-