Table of Contents
Ingxaki yamanzi egqugqisileyo emhlabeni wonke yingxaki esisiseko yolawulo. Ngeli xesha izisombululo zobugcisa zotshintsho, ukudityaniswa kwemijelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokufanelekileyo, zisoloko zithintelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo eyaphukileyo, ulawulo olungalungelelwanga, nokunqongophala kolawulo lwezopolitiko. Kukule ndawo yezobupolitika neyasekuhlaleni enzima apho imibutho engekho kwezeerhulumente (MNOS) iye yavela njengeeprojekthi ezingundoqo zotshintsho. Eli nqaku lihlola indima yenkonzo okanye ingxowa-mali yoncedo, ukukhokela amanzi NGOs njengeenjini ezichuliweyo zenkqubo. Bavala umsantsa phakathi kwezinto ezikhoyo zamanzi namazwe aphezulu ahambayo kunye neenkqubo eziphezulu zolawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe.
I-Evolution yomgaqo-nkqubo wamanzi kunye no-Ayiyo Imo Yomdlalo
Ukusuka ekulawuleni kwemeko ukuya kulawulo olunee-Phondo ezininzi
Ngokwembali, inkqubo yamanzi yayingummandla opheleleyo woononjineli belizwe kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. Izigqibo eziphathelele utyalo-mali lwezibonelelo, ukwabiwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweprojekthi zenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo. Ukunyuka kombutho wokusingqongileyo kunye namalungelo abantu ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwayitshintsha ngokuphawulekayo le ndawo. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zaziqonda ukuba ilungelo elingumntu ekungeniseni amanzi nenkqubo yogutyulo-gutyulo [ ngo-2010] ngokusisiseko yaguqula ukufikelela kwamanzi kwingxaki yobugcisa, yaguqula ukufikelela kwengxaki yezobugcisa kwimicimbi yezobupolitika nesemthethweni. Oku kwavula ucangolo lweNGOs ukuba lusebenze njengamangqina, abameli boluntu, kunye nabali bewotshi bemibutho elikwimibutho apho babegxothebupolishi besuka kwimibupolitiki ngaphambili.
Oku kutshintsha kuvuma ukuba amanzi akayonto ilungileyo ngokwezoqoqosho kodwa axhomekeke kuluntu ngokubanzi kwaye afanele ulawulo olungundoqo. Lufuna izinto ezibonisa ngaphaya, ezinika izithuba, nezinoxanduva. I-NGOS izalise ikhefu elishiywe ziimodeli zesithethe sesizwe, ikhuthaza ulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi (IWRM) kunye nokutyhalela isiseko somthetho esibeka isiseko semfuno kukhupho lorhwebo. Ubukho bayo buguqule inkqubo yamanzi ukusuka kumatshini wobugcisa obuvaliweyo ukuya kumsebenzi oshushu, osoloko uthanda ukuxabana, impikiswano yedemokhrasi.
Isithuba se-NGOS sigcwaliswe: I-Expartise, ubudoda, kunye nonxulumano
Oorhulumente badla ngokuhamba kancinci, benyanzelwa yimijikelo yovolo kunye ne-intellia. Iziphazamiso ezifihlakeleyo zibotshelelwe ziintshukumisa zengeniso. I-NGOZI zifumana isithuba sesithathu esibalulekileyo esidibanisa iimpahla ezizodwa. Zinobuchule obukhethekileyo kwizixhobo zenqanawa zokunyusa isantya, impilo kawonke-wonke, umthetho, kunye nemali enokuthi amaqumrhu ambalwa karhulumente alungelelene kwindlu. Banesantya sokulawula izixhobo zokulawula inqwelo-modeli kunye namandla okuhlala bebona amaqela exesha elide aphathelelene nezopolitiko ezininzi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, iNGO zigcina uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kwiingcambu ezinamanzi. Oku kuvumela ukuba zifumane ugcino-lwazi lwenyaniso esemhlabeni kwaye ziguqule iimfuno zobulali kulwimi olusebenzisekayo. Zinganika ilizwi kuluntu oluselubala-kwimimandla-ngaphantsi, amaqela, amabhinqa, kunye nabasemadolophini abangakhuselekanga. Abasoloko benobungozi ekukhuselekeni kwamanzi kodwa abanokuviwa kurhulumente. Oku [[FLT: 0]] ukuxhobisa ngempumelelo kwe-artrowaring [ kwenza i-NGO esebenzayo kwimigaqo yemveliso yezandla eluncedo yobugcisa ekwazi ukuva isandi esivakala kakuhle kwaye ilungele ukuqhuba kakuhle.
Imisebenzi ye-NGOs kwi-Diagn yenkqubo yamanzi
Ukwakhela kwisiseko sokwandisa ulwazi, imisebenzi yesixhobo samanzi sale mihla sokuzimela i-NGO ihlukene, ifuna ubugcisa, kwaye intsebenziswano ecwangcisiweyo.
Uphando lwenzululwazi kunye nokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo wogcino-lwazi
I- i-Pasifiki Icandelo lifuna ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa. Uphando oluninzi lwe-NGOS lugcina ulwahlulo oluqinileyo oluqhuba uhlolo lwamanzi, uvavanyo lwamanzi, kunye novavanyo lwexabiso lemali-mali. Umzekelo, imibutho enjenge ivelisa uphando lwesiseko sokusebenza kwamanzi asedolophini kunye ne-exus echaza ngqo imithetho kamasipala kunye nemithetho yomgangatho karhulumente. Ngaphandle kolu gcino-lwazi oluzimeleyo, impikiswano yemithetho yemithetho ekhutshwa kwi-acdote kunye nokungqubana kwemi. NGOS ugcwalisa umba apho ugcino-lwazi lwasedolotho luphelelwe lixesha, lungafikeleleki, okanye lungasetyenziswa kwezobupolitika.
Inkxalabo kawonke-wonke nokukhutshelwa ngokusemthethweni
Xa iindlela zomthetho zivalwa okanye zithintelwa, ijaji idla ngokuba sisixhobo esiphambili sedabi. I-NGOS inengxelo eqinileyo yokusebenzisa i-ligitation (PIL) yokunyanzelisa imithetho yemeko-bume, ukuthintela imisebenzi yokungcolisa, nokunyanzela oorhulumente ukuba banikele ngokwemiyalelo yabo engokomGaqo-siseko. Ukungagunyazi kusisixhobo esinamandla sokumisela isiqalo, ingakumbi ekukhuseleni ilungelo kubemi abachaphazelekayo kunye nabahlahlisi benkampani ukuba baphendule. Umthetho uthintelo lunganyanzelela amaziko amagosa alawulayo ukuba enze umsebenzi, kuvelise isiseko esisemthethweni sokutshintsha inkqubo.
Ukwakha igosa lamanzi
Inkqubo ephezulu isebenza kuphela ukuba amaziko asekuhlaleni anamandla okuyizalisekisa. I-NGOS idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqeqesheni iikomiti zamanzi zasekuhlaleni, abasebenzi bakamasipala, neenkokeli zoluntu. Oku kuquka uqeqesho lobugcisa ekujongweni kwamanzi, uqeqesho lwemali lokulawula i-staffary kunye noqingqo-mali, kunye noqeqesho lokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka kwaye kwenziwe izigqibo ezicace gca. Ngokukha isiseko esifanelekileyo sokuphumeza inkqubo, i-NGOS iqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yesizwe iguqulele kwinkqubela ephathekayo kubaphathi bamanzi basekuhlaleni. [[FLT:]] olu lwabiwo-macawashicio oluqhelekileyo lusoloko lungekho unxulumano phakathi kwenkqubo yokwamseko kunye neziphumo zokwenene zomhlaba.
Isakhiwo somanyano lwehlabathi neMisebenzi yeFrame yezizwe ngezizwe
Iingxaki zamanzi zidlula imida yesizwe, kwaye izisombululo ezisebenzayo zifuna intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe. I-NGOS ibalasele ekusekeleni izivumelwano ezimanyeneyo zezizwe ngezizwe. Zinenxaxheba kwiziganeko ezinkulu ezifana ne- UNUN Conference yamanzi[ kunye neWorld Water Forum, ukudibanisa imizabalazo yehlabathi lonke njengeesiseko sophuhliso sophuhliso lwehlabathi (SDGS). Bahlola imijelo yamanzi yemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, njengeBhanki yehlabathi, ukutshintsha iimeko zokuboleka amada amakhulu kunye neeprojelo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo zamanzi zasekuhlaleni azinakusetyenziswa kodwa zibhekiswa kwimo zemozulu nenkqubela-meko-bume yezobulungisa.
Isenzo esithe ngqo kunye nezenzo zokutshintsha
Ngeli xesha inkqubo imisela imithetho, impucuko imisela ukuthotyelwa. I-NGOS iyila amaphulo okutshintsha umyinge wokuziphatha ukuze kukhuthazwe ulondolozo lwamanzi, kuncitshiswe ungcoliseko kwimithombo yamanzi nendlu, kwaye kukhuselwe amanzi aphuma kuyo. La maphulo azisa uluntu ukuba lufune uluntu ukumisela imithetho eyomeleleyo. Ngaphandle komthetho ofuna amanzi acocekileyo, kwanemigaqo engcono emiselweyo inokutshiselwa phantsi okanye ingahoywa. I-NGOS ibala ekuguquleni imibango yobugcisa entsokothileyo kwimicimbi kawonke enyanzela uluntu nengcinezelo yezobupolitika.
Uhlolisiso lwetyala: IGOs Ilungisa Umgaqo-nkqubo Wamanzi
I-WaterAid – Ukuququzelela ukuhlanjululwa kobundlobongela kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo we-wastitu
Awateraid isebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20, ibhekisa kwigebe likarhulumente phakathi kwemiqathango yesizwe esemantla kunye nokuphunyezwa kwasekuhlaleni. Kumazwe anjenge-Ethiopia kunye neMalawi, WaterAid isebenze ngqo ngenkonzo ukuphuhlisa u-National ISH Accounting Mechanismsms. Indlela yabo yokusebenza ihamba ngaphaya kokwakha izibonelelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente bamkela umgangatho opheleleyo wobugratom (CLTS) njengendlela yomthetho, exhaswa lulwabiwo loqingqo-mali kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola. Umsebenzi wabo ubonisa indlela i-NGO enokuthi ngayo ukutshintsha ekudlulisweni kwenkonzo yenkqubo yenkqubo, ukwenza utshintsho oluxhaswayo
WWF – Ukuthuthwa Kwendawo Esingqongileyo kungene kumthetho weSizwe
Imali yezilwanyana zasendle yehlabathi (WWF) iye yanceda ekushenxiseni inkqubo ekulawuleni imilambo ukwenzela ukukhutshwa okukhulu kokuyilawula ukuze ibe yeyokunyamekela impilo yendalo. Ngomsebenzi wayo kwiYangtze, Mekong, kunye neColorado Rivers, WWF inika imodeli yenqanawa ehambayo kunye ne-advoccacy yezopolitiko ukukhusela umgangatho osesikweni "uqukuqelo lwezingqonga" lwemithetho yamanzi yesizwe. Lo msebenzi uqinisekisa ukuba imilambo iqwalaselwe njengemixokelelwano elungileyo emanzini, hayi imibhobho yokurna nokusebenza kwenqanawa. Ulawulo lwabo lwe-odosavelcean, lutshintshe indlela yobalo lwamanzi olufunekayo, ngaphambi kokubalwano lwemeko lwemeko-okn
IPasifiki Institute – Inkcitho Yokuphumelela Nokulingana
IZiko lePasifiki libonisa imodeli yophando-advocate. Umsebenzi wabo kwi-"Water-Energy Nexus" kunye "Ubuchule kunye nokusebenzisa" ucebise ngqo umthetho eKhalifoniya kunye nowwwenziwa ngokubanzi kwe-United States. Ngokunika iiplanichazi zenkqubo zenkcubeko ezifana nenkcazo ye-oyile ye-oyile ye-oyiletisktis esetyenziswayo ukuchaza kunye nokuphuhlisa amanzi, baye banceda ukungqina ukuba ulondolozo kunye nokukhula kwezoqoqosho kuyakwazi ukuphatha ngesandla. Umsebenzi wabo ubonisa amandla okuthembeka, okungeyo-nxenye yophando lwaseNtshona mazwe aphezulu eUnited States. Ngokunika iinkqubo zobugcubango zamazwe aphezulu akwimeko-zwe ngokubanziswayo.
Iindlela Zokuphumelela Kobuchule – Ukuhamba Ngaphaya Kwamandla
Imishwankathelo yemithetho kunye noncedo lobuchule kubalawuli
I-NGOS esebenzayo iqonda ukuba abalawuli basoloko besetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye bephantsi kwemithombo. Ukunika uncedo lobuchule ngqo ekulungiseni ulwimi olulawulayo, iziphumo zezifundo zesikhokelo, okanye ukujonga izakhiwo zenkqubo yokwakha kubuchule obuphezulu. Oku kubeka indawo ye-NGO njengeqabane elibalulekileyo ekulawuleni, hayi umgxeki wangaphandle. Ngokuncedisa ekucombululeni iingxaki ezisebenzisekayo, i-NGO yakha ukuthemba nokufumana indawo yokuhlala etafileni apho kwenziwa khona izigqibo ezingundoqo.
Izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nokutshintsha
Amanzi asoloko eyingxaki engenaziphazamiso, efumana ingqalelo encinane kawonke-wonke de kufike intlekele. I-NGOS isebenzisa uphando lwezibonelelo, ukuqwalasela ugcino-lwazi, kunye nokuxelelwa ukuba ifake amanzi kwimiba yolwazi. Ukuchanabeka kwe-"iikheshini" (PFAS) kukungachaphazeli kwamanzi, ukungcoliswa kwefashoni ekhawulezayo, okanye ungcoliso lomlambo wasekuhlaleni lunganyanzelisa isenzo sokulawula nokuphendula kwenkampani. Ukumisela le ngxelo kuyimfuneko ekumiseleni imibaliso yemithetho. Ngokulawula ibali, uNGOs angachaza ingxaki, achaze amatyala, kwaye achaze izisombululo.
Isebe eliphetheyo
Ngokwanda kokuzinziswa kwemekobume, kweNtlalo-ntle, neProfectorance (ESG), imibutho iphantsi kwengcinezelo yokulawula umngcipheko wamanzi ayo. I-NGO ibandakanyeka ku "lokuchokoza" neenkampani ezinkulu, inyanzelela ukuba isebenzise iinkqubo zobuphathi ezinamandla. Ziphembelela iinkampani ukunciphisa ungcoliso kumatyathanga azo okubonelela nokuxhasa imithetho kawonke wonke kunokulwa nayo ngokukhuthaza. Eli cebo ligunyazisa ukuqhuba inkqubo yokuguqula inkqubo, ukuqonda ukuba inxalenye yecandelo elithile ingenza ubuchule obunamandla bolawulo lukawonke wonke.
Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Kumhlaba Othe Tye
Naphezu kwendima yazo ebalulekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi u-NGOs kusebenza kwindawo enzima nenogcino-mali. Ukuqonda le mingeni kubalulekile ekwakheni izixokelelwano zenkxaso ezisebenzayo.
Ukuxhasa Ukuphelelwa Ngumoya Nokudinwa
Inkqubo yokusebenza kwe-dvocance ngumdlalo omde onqabileyo ukuvelisa iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo nezibonakalayo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuqokelela iziphumo zenkonzo ezinxulumene nolwakhiwo lwemithombo okanye ukuhambisa izihluzi zamanzi. I-NGO isoloko izama ukumelana nexesha elifutshane, imijikelo esekelwe kwiprojekthi ephazamisa amandla ayo okuxhasa imigudu, amadabi asemthethweni, kunye namanyathelo ophando afunekayo ukudlulisa umthetho obalulekileyo. Abasebenzi bafuna iziphumo ezinokuchaphazelekayo, kodwa iziphumo zotshintsho lwenkqubo ziyarhoxaza kwaye ziyacotha, zisenza ukulingana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwemiboniso yemali kunye neenyaniso ezingundoqo.
Umkhosi Wezobupolitika Nempikiswano Yokuzibhubhisa
Ubuchule bokuhlasela u-GO budla ngokucel ’ umngeni izilangazelelo zezoqoqosho ezinamandla, kuquka ishishini elikhuphayo, kunye nezi zixhobo zabucala zamanzi. Oku kungakhokelela ekutyhafeni kwezobupolitika, ukuphulukana nemali, okanye nkqu nokukhathazwa kwasemthethweni. Ukumelana nesityalo esikhulu esingcolisa ungcoliso okanye isityalo esinamandla samanzi sifuna inkalipho enkulu kunye nezinto. Ngaphezu koko, ingxoxo yengqiqo emalunga nolawulo lwamanzi azimeleyo iyaqhubeka iwohloka. I-NGOS kufuneka ihambe kakuhle kule ndawo yezobupolitika entsokothile, ikhuthaza ukulawulwa okunempumelelo ngelixa lilo lilo lilo lilo lilo lilonke ishishini elichasene ne-RGON
Umlinganiselo wempembelelo kwimeko-bume yomgaqo-nkqubo olude
Uyilinganisa njani impumelelo yephulo eliphumela ekudlulisweni komthetho? Impembelelo yokwenene yomthetho kumgangatho wamanzi okanye ukufikelela kusenokuthatha iminyaka okanye kwamashumi eminyaka ukubonakala. I-NGOS isebenzisa iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo zotshintsho kunye nenkqubo yokuhlola indlela yokulandelela inkqubela-mva, njengeenguqu kwingxelo yamajelo eendaba, ukutshintsha kwintetho yezobupolitika, okanye ukwamkela ulwimi oluthile olungqalileyo. Noko ke, ukungqina uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kolawulo lukaNGO kunye neziphumo ezithile zenkqubo kuhlala kulucelomngeni olukhulu lokuphendula nokunika intlawulo kunye nokunika intlawulo.
Ukuchaza umfuziselo olinganayo nonyuselo
Ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo lwangaphakathi kwicandelo leNGO luqinisekisa ukuba ukubeka umthetho phambili kumiselwe ngabantu basekuhlaleni, hayi ngabanikeli kwiikomkhulu ezingundoqo zomhlaba wonke. Kukho intshukumo ekhulayo yokusebenzisa amanzi uncedo [, etshintsha amandla eenkokeli zasekuhlaleni kwaye eqinisekisa ukuba ii-NGOs zihamba kwindawo yazo kunokuba zichaze izicombululo zangaphandle. Oku kufuna ukuphulaphula ngokunzulu, ulwakhiwo olude, nokuvuma ukubuyela emva nokunika izibonelelo ngaphandle kokulawula inkqubo. Ukungangeni kwamanzi kufunwa ngamanzi ukuba amazwi abo baninzi bachaphazelelwe yinkqubo yokusebenza kwamanzi akhokela.
Ikamva Lokusetyenziswa Kwamanzi – Ubuxhakaxhaka, Imali Nolawulo
Indima yeNGOs kwinkqubo yamanzi ayimi ngapha nangapha; iyakhawuleza ukuvela kubugcisa obutsha, izixhobo zemali nezisongelo ezikhoyo.
Indima yogcino-lwazi lwexesha lokwenene kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa ngaphaya
Ukwanda kwezivo zamaxabiso asezantsi, umboniso wesatellite, kunye nezixhobo zokunika ingxelo ngedemokhrasi kugcino-lwazi lwamanzi. I-NGOS isebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukwenza amaqonga okubonisa imbonakalo yokwenene esetyenziswa ngurhulumente, ijonge ungcoliseko lwemizi - mveliso, kwaye inike abemi amandla okuchaza ukwaphulwa kweengxelo. Oku kuguquka ukusuka kwiingxelo ezithe ngqo ukuya kwimijelo yogcino-lwazi esebenzayo kwandisa uxinzelelo lolawulo kurhulumente nakumaziko. I-NGOS iba yi-data yaba abachazi-aggegrega nabajonisi, isebenzisa ubugcisa ukwenza ulawulo lwamanzi olubonakalayo kunye nolwexesha lokuqala.
Imali edityanisiweyo kunye nobuchule be-GO ukwenzela iprojekthi
Njengokuba oorhulumente bejamelene nezithintelo eziqatha zemali, ii-NGO zisebenza ngokukhula njengemibutho yezemali edityanisiweyo. Badibanisa ikomkhulu lemali kunye nemali kawonke-wonke notyalo-mali lwemali kwi-de-risk kwizibonelelo zamanzi kunye nezisombululo zendalo. Oku kutshintsha indima ye-NGO ukusuka kwinkqu kwiprojekthi yokubhalisa nokusebenza kweprojekthi. Ngokungqina ukuba iimodeli zemali ezikhoyo zinokunikezela zombini iimbuyiselo zemali kunye nempembelelo yoluntu, i-NGOs inceda ekuvuleni amaqula amatsha entloko ecandelo lamanzi.
Ukujamelana Nengxaki Yemozulu – Ukhokelo Lomgaqo - siseko Olungelelanisiweyo
Utshintsho lwemozulu luphinda luguqule imithetho yolawulo lwamanzi. Iidangatye zinamandla kakhulu, izikhukula zisoloko zikho, kwaye iindlela zemvula ziyatshintsha ngokungenakuxelwa kwangaphambili. I-NGOS iphambili yokukhuthaza "ukukhusela amanzi akhoyo" imigaqo-nkqubo. Oku kuquka ukukhuthaza izinto zendalo ezifana nokulungisa okunyibilikisiweyo kunye nophahla oluluhlaza oluluhlaza kwisiseko esingwevu. Zityhalela phambili imigaqo ethetha ngomnqamlezo lwamanzi, amandla, nokutya, ziqonda ukuba ezi nkqubo zinxulumene ngokungenamdlamvo. Njengokuba ukutshintsha isimo sezulu kusiba ngumbano olulawula inkqubo yamanzi, iiNGO ziza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukulungiswa kwemicimbiso kuyinto ekhoyo, ehambisana nolwazi lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nolwazi oluselugcinwe ngaphakathi kwindawo yobulali.
Isiphelo: Umkhosi ongalawulekiyo woLawulo lwamanzi
Indima yeentlangano ezingengorhulumente kwinkqubo yamanzi yokulawula i-odoli ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye intsonkothile kunangaphambili. Azisakho nje isandi sabahlalutyi bedata, iingcali zezomthetho, abakhi abasebenzisanayo, kunye nee-informations. Zisebenzisa ukhuphiswano phakathi kweemfuno zoluntu kunye nesiseko somhlaba wonke, phakathi kobungqina benzululwazi kunye nenyaniso yezopolitiko. Ngoxa iingxaki ezinxulumene nemeko yezopolitiko zisezimalini, isithuba sezobupolitika, kunye nomelo olulinganayo oluseleyo, amandla eNJONS okuzivumela nokutshintsha inkqubo yoshishino olusemgceni zicacile. Ikamva elizinzileyo alinakufunyanwa ngokulungisa iprojectives-type kuphela. Ifuna ubuchule, ubuchule, inkqubo yezopolitiki nenkqubo efuna ubuchule, apho inkqubo yezoqobo, ne-NGhognomes, elingundoqo, elingumxhasi we-edicrictive, kwaye alisebenzi kwintlangano soqoqosho olulawula ulawulo lwezo lwezo lwehlabathi lonke lonke.