Ukufikelela kweJapan kukhuseleko lwesizwe kuguquke ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, isuka ekuzikhuseleni, kujongweno lokungaphili-mfazwe emva kwemfazwe kujolise kwindlela yezobupolitika engqongqo nesebenzayo. Noko ke, olu tshintsho aluqhutywa kuphela zizinto ezisongelayo zangaphandle ezifana nokunyuka komkhosi waseChina okanye uvavanyo lwezixhobo zokulwa zaseMntla Korea. Luyilwe lubunjwe kwaye lungamele lungalandelwa yimikroti yelizwe, kwaye lusoloko luthanda ukuxabana, ingxubevavavange, iinka-politiki ezininzi zezobupolitika zisebenza njengabagcini bamasango kunye nabayili benkqubo yokhuseleko, ukuguqulela iingcinezelo ezintluntlukwano zelizwe kwimithetho ye-Speances, uqingqo-mthetho, kunye nezicwangciso zobugcisa. Ukuqonda iingcamango ezithe ngqo, ii-partment, ii-gnognots, ii-sylventilication, kunye nezinamandla zezi mikhosi zezi mikhosi ziyimfuneko kumntu ezifuna ukuqondanazo zelizwe eJapan kwisigaba se-Pcracracrac.

Imbali: Imfundiso kaYoshida neGatya 9

Ukuqonda iingxoxo zanamhlanje ezikhuthazayo, umntu kufuneka aqale ajonge kwisivumelwano semfazwe yehlabathi II. Kwiminyaka engamashumi, ukhuseleko lwaseJapan lwalulawulwa yiYoshida Doctrine, eyamisa ukuphucula okukhawulezileyo kwezoqoqosho kunye nolwando ngexa iphathisa ukhuseleko olunzima kwi-United States. Le mfundiso yabekwa kwiGatya 9 loMgaqo-siseko, elithi lilahle imfazwe kunye nokugcinwa kwe "zwe, ulwandle, kunye nemikhosi yomoya, kunye namanye amandla emfazwe.. ILiberal Democratic Party (LDP), eyayilawula phantse ukungaphazanyiswa ukusuka ngo19939551 ukuya ku1993 (unyaka wenkqubo ye-19955"), iSigqeqeshina siseko esicacisiweyo esithelekele umkhosi osezantsi we-Uzinyo lwe-DFFF).

Inkcaso yokuqala ebudeni beli xesha, iJapan Socialist Party (JSP), ithethelela ngokuqatha ukucaciswa kweQumrhu 9, iphikisa ngelithi i-SDF ngokwayo yayingathathi siseko soburhulumente. Oku kuqina kwemeko kwadala impikiswano ecacileyo, ebini: elinye icala lixhasa inkqubo ye-SDF, elinye elixhasa ukungaxhobi kwenxaxheba. Olu xinezelo lwabekwa isiseko sengxoxo eninzi neyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko ephawula imicimbi yezobupolitika yaseJapan namhlanje. Ukuwa kwenkqubo yonyaka ka-19555 kunyaka kunye nokungeniswa kwenkqubo ye-SD ne-oreversigracties kunye nomelo oludityanisiweyo lwe-LD kumthetho ye-LD kumandla nengcelo, ubukhulu becala olusasahlulayo ephakathi kwentlalo-obuBhuqu.

Abaququzeleli Bezopolitiko Abaphambili KwiArena Yokhuseleko Yale Mihla

Inkqubo yala maqela akhoyo eJapan ineqela labadlali eliphambili abaliqela, ngalinye elineso sehlabathi elijongene nokhuseleko lwesizwe. Intsebenziswano yabo, ingakumbi kumanyano olulawulayo, imisela isantya kunye nolwalathiso lweenguqulelo ezicwangcisiweyo.

ILiberal Democratic Party (LDP): I-Engine of Tracking Resolution

I-LDP ihlala ingumandla alawulayo ekulungiseni inkqubo yokhuseleko lwaseJapan. Ngeli xesha isoloko iphathwa njengeqela elinamacandelo aqhelekileyo, iqela lingumnqophiso wamaqela aneeqondo ezahlukahlukeneyo lenzondelelo yokuhlaziya. Umphathiswa wephondo uShinzo Abe's corion (Sewa Seisaku Kenkyukai) wayelelona linamandla ekukhululeni kwimithetho esemva kwemfazwe. Ukhuseleko lweQumrhu LDP luquka:

  • Ulungiso lweConstigal: ngokulula ukwamkela iSDF kwinqaku 9 lusukelo lweqela elimileyo, olubonwa ngamalungu amaninzi njengayimfuneko ukusombulula "igalelo" ye-SDF kwaye lunika ugunyaziso olucacileyo lwezenzo zayo.
  • Ukuqinisa i-Alliance: Ukudibanisa umanyano olungaphezulu "lokulingana" neUnited States, kuquka imisebenzi edityanisiweyo kunye noxanduva lwamaJaphani olukhulu lokuzikhusela.
  • IMilitary Modern: inkxaso eqinileyo yolwandiso olubalulekileyo loqingqo-mali lwendlela yokuzikhusela (i-2% yeGDP ngo 2027), ukufumana "ikhono lomntu eliziinqanawa zokulwa" (ekwayaziwa ngokuba zizinto zohlaselo olusisiseko zotshaba), kunye nobugcisa obuphambili obufana nomatshini ojulwayo omde kunye nabalwane sizukulwana esilandelayo.
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Igalelo elisebenzayo kuxolo: ukwandisa indima ye-SDF kugcino lwentsebenziswano loxolo nokhuseleko lwezizwe ezinezimvo ezifana neAustralia, i-United Kingdom, kunye neIndiya (Quad).

Ngoxa uMphathiswa omkhulu uFumio Kisida esuka kwi-corion (Kochikai), urhulumente wakhe uye wamkela ngokupheleleyo waza wanyusa imaphu yokhuseleko ebekwe nguAbe, ingakumbi kwiphawu 2022 Ubuchule bokhuseleko lweSizwe (NS).

IKomeito: ISebe leMidlalo neBrake

Komeito, iqabane elincinci le-LDP ukususela ngo-1999, lidlala indima engaphezulu kakhulu kobukhulu balo bokukhetha. Isiseko senkxaso yalo, umbutho wamaBhuda iSoka Gakkai, ubethelela imbonakalo enamandla, ingca echaphazelekayo yemfazwe. IKomeito isoloko ithetha ne-LDP ukuthoba isantya solwando lomkhosi kwaye iqinisekisa ukugxininiswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yonxulumano. Impembelelo yayo inokubonwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

  • UHlaziyo lweNkqutyana: iKomeito ilumke kakhulu kune LDP. Ikhetha ukongeza amacandelo amatsha kumgaqo-siseko wamalungelo okusingqongileyo kunye nembuyiselo yentlekele kunokuba iphinde ijonge ngqo iGama 9, ngokuphumelelayo ithintele izicwangciso ze-LDP ezifuna intsingiselo engakumbi.
  • I-Strike Cabilities: Komeito ekuqaleni wayethandabuza ngokunzulu ukufumana amandla okuhlasela. Ngokuthethana okunzima, yakhusela ulalaniso apho urhulumente wagxininisa "ukunqanda okukhoyo" kwaye wadibanisa iimeko ezingqongqo ekusetyenzisweni kwazo, ifuna ukuvunywa kweKhabhinethi kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezolawulo zezopolitiko.
  • Ukhuseleko lomntu ne-ODA: i-Komeito ngokuzingisileyo ixhasa uPhuhliso oluPhakamileyo (ODA) kunye namanyathelo okukhusela abantu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yelizwe lamanye amazwe eJapan ayibi yeyokulwa kakhulu.

I-LDP-Komeito imdibaniso isoloko ichazwa njenge "nye nesiqingatha-'esahlulo' kwinkqubo kwimicimbi yokhuseleko. I-LDP iqhuba ucwangciso olunzima lokhuseleko, ngexa iKomeito isebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunyanzelisa, inyanzelisa ulalaniso nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo itshintshisa isiseko esibanzi sogunyaziso lukawonke-wonke-wonke. Uthotho lweengxelo kwi [[FLT:] [FLT]] [10] Ixesha laseJapan lihlola indlela oluyimombo oluziyo ukhuseleko olunamandla lwaseJapan oluneegrojiji.

IQela leDemocratic yeJapan (CDP): IGuardian yomGaqo-siseko woXolo

Njengeqela elingundoqo lenkcaso, iCDP ime ngokwayo njengomkhuseli oyintloko womgaqo-siseko wokungabikho kwemfazwe yasemva kwemfazwe. Ukudibanisa amaqela amaninzi asekhohlo, kuquka iDDEmocratic Party yaseJapan (DPJ), iCDP ithatha indlela yobulumko ekhethekileyo yokuzikhusela:

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ukutshintsha uHlaziyo: ICDP ichasene ngokuqinileyo nokuphinda iGama 9 kwaye iphikisa ukuba iingxoxo zomgaqo-siseko ziphazamisa kwimibandela enzima yezoqoqosho neyoluntu.
  • [[NT.0] I-Diplomacy Kuqala: Ngelixesha ixhasa umanyano lwe-U.S.-Japan, iCDP igxininisa kakhulu ekuthembisenina ngezobuzwe neTshayina, uMzantsi Korea, namanye amagunya engingqi. Igxeka i-LDP ngokwesimo songquzulwano.
  • Ulungeniso lokwakheka komkhosi: ICDP ibuza uqingqo-mali lwemali lweyen ezizigidi ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu zezigidi ezilishumi elinesihlanu, iphikisa ukuba lungathathi nxaxheba kwaye lungabhenela ngokungeyomfuneko kwinkxwaleko yasekuhlaleni. Kufuna ulawulo olomeleleyo lwamandla amatsha omkhosi.

Impembelelo yeCDP isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko ngokuncinwa kwepalamente, iintetho zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokuxolelwa kwentetho yesidlangalala ngokhuseleko. Ngelixesha inzima ukukhulula i-LDP yezobupolitika, iimpikiswano zayo zivakala kuluntu olungaphiliyo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba ukuthintelwa komgaqo-siseko kusengundoqo kwingxoxo.

Abadlali Abatsha Nabaphikisi

Amanye amaqela adibanisa ukuntsonkotha okungakumbi kwezokhuselo lwelizwe. IQela leJapan iInnovation (Nippon Ishin no Kai) lingumguquli, iqela lobuzwe elixhasa ukuhlaziywa komgaqo-siseko kunye nomkhosi onamandla kodwa ligxeka i-LDP ngenxa yokungakhuphi kunye ne-harbarrel yenkanti. IQela lobuKomanisi (JCP) lihlala lichasa ngokuqinileyo i-U.S.S.-Japan Serrity Trective kunye nabaxhasi bobundilele besizwe ngenxa yokungapheli, nangona liye lathambisa ukubhenela kwalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukubhenela kwivoti enkulu. Ngexesha lamaqela enqabileyo athe abambelele kwifestile yokhuseleko, enyanzela i-LD ukusuka ekunene (Ish) kwaye abamba i-CD ekuphenduleni ekhohlo (CP).

Imigca engundoqo yezokhuseleko kwimithetho yokhuseleko yexesha elizayo

Umahluko ongabonakaliyo phakathi kwamaqela obonakala kwimpikiswano ecacileyo kwimibandela ethile yemithetho. Ukuhlolisisa le migca yempazamo kutyhila ubuchule bokwenza inkqubo yokhuseleko lwaseJapan.

Uphengululo lomgaqo-siseko

Mhlawumbi eyona ngxelo ichazayo nehlala ihleli. I-LDP, ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo evela kwi-Ishin, iyaqhubeka ityhalela ukuphinda i-endimini enokuthi i-SDF. Komeito'''s i-avalence kunye ne-CDP yomeleleyo ithintele i-LDP ekukhuseleni abantu abaninzi abakwizindlu zombini ezifuna ukuqalisa i-arententeum. [FLT: 0] Analysis ukusuka kwi-Mpuma-West Center ichaza indlela ingxoxo yesiseko esiwumlinganiselo wesiqalo semfazwe yeJapan. . Uwonke uhlala wahluleke ngokunzulu, kunye neento ezinkulu ezixhasa i-SD kodwa itshintsha kakhulu ulwimi lwe-SFF kodwa itshintsha i-SCreast.

Izixhobo zokulwa noqingqo-mali lokhuselo

Isigqibo se-2022 NSS sokwenza iziqhubi ezijikelezayo ezinde kunye namandla okubetha amaziko otshaba okulawula aphawule ukushiywa okukhulu ukusuka "kukhuseleko oluququlukileyo" inkqubo. Isivumelwano se-LDP sasekunene saphikisa oko kudala ukuphelisa iTshayina ne-North Korea. I-CDP kunye nemfundo ekhoyo yasekhohlo yazibanga ukuba iyingozi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinokuthi zenze iJapan ibe yixhoba. Isivumelwano sesiphelo semeko yezobupolitika, sasikhuselekile kuphela emva kokuba i-LDP ivumelwano ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwemithetho ecwangcisiweyo. Uqingqo-mali oluninzi lokuxhasa ezi zixhobo zihlala zihleli ziko, kunye ne-CDP ekubandakanyeni kwexabiso kunye nohlahlolo lwerhafuthelo.

Ulawulo Lomanyano Nomthwalo WaseOkinawa

Umanyano lwama-U.S.-Japan luxhaswa liqela elikhulu, kodwa ulawulo lwalo lusoloko lungumthombo woxinzelelo. I-LDP idla ngokubeka ulawulo olugudileyo kwaye yamkela izicwangciso ezisisiseko zobuchule njengoko kucetywa yi-U.S. kunye neJapani i-'Creaudauca). Le CDP kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni alwayo e-Okinawa aphikisana ngokukrakrala kokufuduswa kwe-Compris Airport Futenma kwisithili se-Henoko eNago, iphikisa ukuba ifaka umthwalo osisiseko kwi-Okianayi kwaye iyingozi imekobume. Le mbambano isoloko ingena kwezobupolitika, inyanzela i-LDP ukuba ihambele phakathi kwe-U. ulawulo oluqhelekileyo nolubanzi lwezopolitiko. Ukuxoxina kwe-okisa nokungqubana kwelizwe kwi-oknbo ekwaneyo ekwaneyo ekwahlukeneyo kwiqela lemibini. [F.]

Isiseko sokhuselo-zimboni kunye nentsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe

I-LDP ikhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlanganiswa koshishino lokhuselo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwamaJapan. I-Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) kunye ne-UK ne-Itali ngumzekelo oyintloko. I-LDP ikujonga oku njengokubalulekileyo kulawulo lobugcisa kunye nokuqinisa umanyano. ICDP kunye neKomeito (ngokunye ukudideka) iphakamise inkxalabo malunga nexabiso lokubaleka, ubugcisa buvuza, kunye nokunokwenzeka kwezixhobo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezinokunyusa iimfazwe zomhlaba. Indaleko yeJapan "IMimiselo yeSihlalo eMfungxwe-3" ukusuka kumsebenzi omalunga no-amanqaku aphela othintelwayo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yiziphumo ezithe ngqo zeqela lezopolitiki eqhuba kwishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo.

Indima Yonyulo Nembono Yabantu

Ngoxa i-LDP iye yaphumelela ngokuphawulekayo kunyulo lwesizwe, uluvo lukawonke-wonke luhlala lunempembelelo enkulu kumgaqo wokhuseleko. Iingqungquthela zibonisa umnqweno onamandla wokukhusela i-SDF. Iyazi ukuba inkqubo yokhuseleko ayiyiphumeleli unyulo ngokwayo; ivotelela uqoqosho, ukhuseleko lwentlalo, kunye nocoselelo lwempilo. Noko ke, ingxaki enkulu yokhuseleko, njengesixhobo esiqhushukumayo saseMntla Korea esingaphezulu okanye isiganeko esikhulayo eMpuma Lwandle iChina, iyakwazi ukuguqula ngokukhawuleza imvakalelo kawonke kwaye inika amandla angakumbi angqongqo phakathi kwe-LDP. Amaqela aphikisa, ingakumbi iCDP, i-creavege e-octive ngesantya somkhosi ekuhlaseleni urhulumente ngexesha lonyuko lwe House. Unyulo lwe-LDP'ulth'iths lulukulawula umbalo olunolwazi oluphezulu phakathi kwemiqatha ye-Kotopice, umlinganiselo woncedo lwezobupolitika, umlinganiselo wasekuhlaleni.

I- yoMphathiswa woMkhosi waseJapan wePhepha loMgangatho inika ingxelo echazayo indlela urhulumente alungiselela ngayo imeko-bume yokhuseleko kuluntu, umqulu osoloko ukhuphiswana namaqela achaseneyo noDio.

Isiphelo: Iqela Lezobupolitika Njengendlela Esetyenziswayo

Indima yamaqela ezobupolitika kwiqhinga lokhuseleko lobuzwe laseJapan asiyiyo nje isiseko; yiyo esisiseko. La maqela ziindawo apho imfazwe yembali nenkxwaleko ekhoyo, apho ukunyaniseka kulinganiswayo nxamnye nenkululeko, nalapho izivumelwano ezinkulu zoqingqo-mali zigunyaziswa kwaye ziqwalaselwe. I-LDP inika i-droad yokuzihlaziya okucwangcisayo, ngelixesha iKomeito isebenza njengebreki engundoqo, iqinisekisa ukuba iinguqu ziqhubekeka kwaye zamkelekile. ICDP namanye amaqela abachasi asebenzisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo womgcini-mthetho kunye nowokungaqinisekisi uwonke wonke umntu, iqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente akahambi ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yebutho elilawulayo.

Njengokuba imeko-bume yokhuseleko kwiIndo-Pacioc ikhula inxunguphalisa, imikhosi yangaphakathi yezobupolitika yaseJapan iza kuhlala ingowona mahluko ubalulekileyo ekuboneni indlela elisabela ngayo ilizwe. Ikamva leJapan lokhuseleko alizukubhalwa ukuphendula iziganeko zangaphandle kuphela; iyakwenziwa inkohliso kumagumbi ekomiti, iintlanganiso zempepho, kunye nengxubusho yengingqino yenkqubo yeqela elinamandla nelinamandla.