Inkqubo yemfundo yaseJapan itshintshe kakhulu kule nkulungwane idlulileyo, namaqela ezobupolitika asebenza njengabaqhubi benkqubo abatshintshileyo. Ukusuka ekubuyiselweni kweMeiji kukwindawo yasemva kwemfazwe ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukudibanisa iingcamango zezobupolitika kunye nezinto eziphambili zemfundo kuye kwadala iprojekthi yezifundo, inkxaso-mali, kunye nokufikelela kwimfundo. Ukuqonda indima yamaqela ezobupolitika kwezi nguqulelo kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela iJapan elungelelaniswa ngayo isithethe kunye nexesha langoku, ukulingana kobuhlanga nokhuphiswano lwehlabathi lonke, kunye nokulingana nokulunga.

Imvelaphi Yempembelelo Yezobupolitika Engokwembali Engokufundisa EJapan

Inkqubo yemfundo yale mihla yaseJapan yavela ngexesha leMercement (ngonyaka wama-Meiji-1912), xa ulawulo lwe-oligarchy lwafuna ukumanyanisa uhlanga nokwakha urhulumente wexesha langoku. Amaqela ezobupolitika kwingqiqo yaseNtshona ayengekho, kodwa urhulumente (olawulwa nguMeiji oligarchs kwaye kamva yi-Imperial Diet-central ephantsi komgaqo-1872 oPhakelele kwimfundo. Le nkqubo igxininisa ukunyaniseka kumlawuli nakubuchule obusebenzayo kwezoshishino.

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umsebenzi womanyano (1945-19952) wachitha inkqubo yemfundo yangaphambi kwemfazwe yesizwe kwaye wasungula utshintsho lwedemokhrasi olwamiselwa eUnited States. I-Libermary Law of Education (1947) kunye noMthetho weSikolo Wemfundo wamisela iminyaka esithoba yemfundo enyanzelekileyo, imfundo enyanzelekileyo, kunye neebhodi zesikolo zasekuhlaleni. Ngeli xesha, amaqela ezobupolitika aqalisa ukuvelisa nokukhuphisana nemigaqo yemfundo. Ilibralbhari yeDDDP, eyasungulwa ngo-19555, yaba ngumkhosi omkhulu, ngoxa amaqela echaseJapan aquka i-Rosocialist (JSP) kunye neSizwanondi sobuKomanisi (JCP) .[9]

I-LDP's shead-head------intenure------nese-19994 kunye no-2009-2012-12) yavumela ukubethelela amaxabiso ayo kwimfundo: ubuzwe, imveliso yezoqoqosho, kunye nocwangco lwentlalo. Okwangoku, amaqela abachasi aphembelela inkqubo ngengxoxo kaDiet, ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, kunye noxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke wonke. Umzekelo, iZingalo zeNtlangatha ze-ntle zoo-19994 kunye no-1992 zanyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba andise unikezelo lwawo lwemfundo ephezulu aze aphuculemeko zokufundisa.

Utshintsho olungundoqo kuma 1970 nawo-1980, olufana nokuvulwa kwe Yutori inkqubo yemfundo (ebuyiselweyo), ejolise ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwemfundo kunye nokukhuthaza ubuchule. Ezi nguqu zibonisa uvumelwano olubanzi lwezopolitiko olwalufuneka eJapan ukujikajika ngaphaya kokucaciswa. Noko ke, emva koko, ukubuyela emva kowama 2000/undu PLP Prime Minister Korentiumi·reintro idefice uvavanyo olusezantsi lwemfundo kunye nokutyhalela i-Implase, ibonisa ulungiso lwendalo ye-RGBLG.

Imicimbi Ebalaseleyo Yezobupolitika Nemfundo Yayo

Inkqubo yamazwe amaninzi aseJapan iquka abadlali abaliqela abaphambili, ngamnye oneengcamango zemfundo ezahlukeneyo. Iiplatfomu zabo zisoloko zibonisa iimbono eziphangaleleyo ngobuzwe, intlalo-ntle, kunye nokuzinziswa kwezoqoqosho.

Iqela leDemocratic Committee (LDP)

I-LDP ijolise phambili ngokwembali imfundo njengesixhobo sokomelela kwesizwe kunye nonyuko lwezoqoqosho. Iinkqubo zayo zigxininisa imfundo yobuzwe, ukuphumelela kwemfundo, kunye nokukhetha isikolo. Umzekelo, i-LDP yaxhasa uhlaziyo lonyaka ka-2006 loMthetho osisiseko wemfundo, olongezelela amalungiselelo "okuthanda uhlanga nokuhlonela izithethe nenkcubeko" abagxeki baphikisa oku kuthathela phambili intsingiselo enxulumene noku kuqukwa kwexesha langaphambi kwemfazwe.

I-LDP ikwaxhasa ulawulo olwandisiweyo lwezikolo, uvavanyo olusezantsi (njengokuKhuthazwa kwemfundo yeSizwe), kunye nogunyaziso lokuvumela izikolo zomthetho kunye nokubandakanyeka komxhasi wecawa. Phantsi kolawulo lwesibini lwe-Abe (202020), urhulumente wasungula "Icebo Elisisiseko Lemfundo" (208), elimisela amaxhoba esiNgesi uHlomelo, iSTEM, kunye nentsebenziswano yabafundi yezizwe ngezizwe. I-LDP' inxulumene ngokusondeleyo namaqela eshishino-zama-P.

Kwimfundo ephakamileyo, i-LDP iqhube utshintsho lwaseyunivesithi ukuze inyuse ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi lonke, kuquka "Iprojekthi ye-Global Global University" kunye negama "Indawo emiselwe iSizwe ekwandisiweyo" nemali eninzi. La manyathelo abonisa inkolelo yokuba amaziko aphezulu akhuthaza ukuvela kwezinto ezintsha, nangona eye aqinisa ubuchule phakathi kweeyunivesithi.

Komeito (Iqela loRhulumente oGawulayo)

Njengeqabane le-LDP elingumbutho ukususela ngo-1999, iKomeito inempembelelo kwinkqubo yemfundo, ingakumbi kwimibandela yokulingana nentlalo-ntle. IKomeito yavela kwintlangano yamaBhuda yaseSoka Gakkai kwaye ngokwembali iye yaxhasa imfundo yoxolo, amalungelo abantu, kunye nenkxaso kubafundi abaphantsi.

Komeito uqhubele phambili kwimfundo ephangaleleyo, imfundo yamahhala yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kunye nonyuselo lwemali kwizikolo ezisebenzela uluntu olufumana imali ephantsi. Ikwaxhasa imfundo equka abantwana abaneziphene/a umxholo ongagxininiswanga yi-LDP. Kuma-2020, iKomeito iphumeza ngokunempumelelo kwi "Inkqubo yeSikolo seGIGA," enika icebo elinye kumfundi ngamnye kwaye iphucula unxibelelwano kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke.

Ngelixesha iKomeito igxininisa kwi-LDP kumhlaba ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, idla ngokulinganisela ezona zindululo ziphambili. Umzekelo, xa kuthethwana ngemfundo yokuziphatha, uKomeito wanyanzelisa ukuba lo mbandela uphephe ukuphenjelelwa kwengcamango ecacileyo kwaye endaweni yoko ugxininisa ukuphuhliswa kobuntu noxanduva lwesizwe.

IQela leDemocratic (CDP)

ICDP, eyona nkampani iphambili yenkcaso eyasekwa ngo-2017, iindawo ngokwazo njenge-centrist-ekhohlo. Kwimfundo, iCDP igxininisa amathuba alinganayo, unciphiso lwemali, nokomeleza izikolo zikawonke-wonke kuneminye imiqathango yezorhwebo. Eli qela lichasa ukuveliswa kwemichiza ngezantsi.

ICDP ibiyalela ukunyusa isigaba semfundo esinyanzelekileyo ukuquka isikolo semfundo esiphezulu (imfundo ephezulu 10-12) kunye nokwenza iintsapho zikawonke-wonke zikhululeke kwimfundo yoxolo, ukulondolozwa kwemekobume, kunye nokucingela okubalulekileyo okunxulumene nemigangatho eqhubekayo.

KwiDiet, amalungu eCDP aphakamisa imibuzo rhoqo malunga neemeko zokusebenza komfundisi- ntsapho, impilo yomfundi, kunye nokugxininisa kakhulu ekuhlolweni okusezantsi. Bacebise umthetho wokulinganisela umsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya ogqithisileyo nokunciphisa ubungakanani beklasi obudityanisiweyo kubafundi abaxinezelekileyo baseJapan.

IQela lamaKomanisi laseJapan (JCP)

I-JCP exhasa ukuguqulelwa okugqithisileyo kwenkqubo yemfundo yaseJapan, eyijonga njengendawo yokulwa udidi kunye nokuvelisa inzala yekapitali. Iqela liyakuchasa ukurhweba nokusetyenziswa kwezikolo, lifuna imfundo ebhaliswe ngokupheleleyo ebhaliswe ekuyeni kwiyunivesithi.

I-JCP engundoqo iquka ukupheliswa kwemirhumo yezobugcisa kuzo zonke iiyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke, ukwandisa inani lootitshala ukunciphisa ubungakanani bodidi kubafundi abangama-25 okanye abambalwa, kunye nokususa inkqubo "yokukhetha isikolo" evumela abazali ukuba bakhethe izikolo ngaphandle kwesithili sabo. I-JCP ikhuthaza imfundo yoxolo esekelwe kwiGatya 9 lomgaqo-siseko kwaye ichasa ukufundisa komhobe wesizwe ("Kingayo"Hinru") kunye neflegi ("Hinru" njengomgqaliselo, iphikisa ukuba imisela ingcamango kubafundi.

Ngeli xesha i-JCP inezihlalo ezimbalwa zesizwe seDiet, inempembelelo enkulu ngoorhulumente bephondo nomasipala, ngokungakumbi eOsaka, eKyoto, nakwezinye iindawo zasedolophini. Abaphathi be-JCP baqalisile iinkqubo zesikolo zesidlo sasemini esikhululekileyo, emva kwemfundo yabantwana, kunye nemigaqo emitsha echasene nezobundlobongela. Iingca zabo zidla ngokunyanzela amaqela amakhulu ukuba athethe ngemibango yendalo.

Nipton Ishin no Kai (Iqela leJapan Lokulungisa Ingxaki)

Isekelwe e-Osaka, iNippon Ishin no Kai umela ulungiso olufanelekileyo nolawulo lweziko. Eli qela liye laqhubela phambili ukuphelisa iibhodi zemfundo zomphathi-mikhosi nokunika oomatiloshe ulawulo oluthe ngqo kuqingqo-mali lwesikolo kunye nabasebenzi. Lo mzekelo---awuthiwe e-Osaka phantsi kweRhuluneli Hirofumi Yoshimura `amaims ukwandisa ukuphendula nokusebenza.

Nipton Ishin no Kai uxhasa iinkcukacha zesikolo, uvavanyo lomfundisi- ntsapho olusekelwe ekwenzeni umsebenzi, kunye neenkqubo zokuntywiliselwa emanzini ngolwimi lwesiNgesi. Izakhelo ngokwazo njengegunya lokuguqula ngokuchasene "nomthetho wenkonzo yemfundo" yoBulungiseleli (MXT). Iinkqubo zemfundo zeqela lezemfundo zixhokonxile impikiswano: amaqhina omfundisi- ntsapho kunye namaqela aphikisayo aphikisa ukuba ukulawulwa koosiya edolophu kubangela imfundo ibe kukuthoba ingcutheza imfundo kwaye kuthomala inkcutheza i-cuba.

Phezu kwako nje oku kugxekwa, impumelelo yeqela elikunyulo eOsaka iye yabangela inkqubela efanayo yokuguqula ezinye ii-ofisi, ezifana no-Aichi noFukuoka. Impembelelo yabo ibonisa ukuba amaqela ezobupolitika asekuhlaleni angenza njengeerabhoratori zomgaqo-nkqubo wemfundo.

Impembelelo Yeenguqu Zezobupolitika Kutshintsho Lwemfundo

Ukutshintsha kwegunya lezobupolitika ``enokuba kungokunyulwa kwesizwe, ukungxubushwa kwengxubusho, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zasekuhlaleni) kutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yokuguqula imfundo eJapan.

Ukutshintsha Korhulumente Ngo - 2009 Nemiphumo Yako

I-DPJ Parti yeDemocratic yaseJapan (DPJ) yathatha igunya ngo-2009, yaphela malunga namashumi amahlanu eminyaka yomthetho we-LDP ophantse ungaphunguki. I-DPJ yathembisa ukunikwa umlinganiselo othe chatha wemfundo ephakathi kwabantu. Yasungula inkqubo ye-"Bantwana Wokuqala", eyathi yandisa emva kwenkathalo yesikolo, yanikela imfundo ephezulu yamahhala, kunye nonyuselo lwenkxaso-mali yemfundo ekhethekileyo efunekayo. Noko ke, i-DPJ's's shere yayinobude obufutshane, kwaye iinkqubo zayo ezininzi zalinganiswa emva kokuba i-LDP ibuyele egunyeni ngo-2012. Isehlo libonisa indlela unyulo lonyulo lwemfundo olude.

Ukuhlaziywa Kotshintsho Phantsi Koorhulumente BeLDP

Ngeminyaka yowama- 2000 kunye kwakhona kwiminyaka yowama-2010, i-LDP yaphuhlisa ucwangciso lokulungisa imigangatho elungeleleneyo, idlulisela igunya ukusuka kuBulungiseleli bemfundo koorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Utshintsho lowama- 2007 luye kuMgaqo-siseko wemfundo wavumela iibhodi zemfundo zikamasipala ukuba zimisele izifundo zazo kwizifundo ezithile, ziqeshelwe kunye neenqununu zomlilo, kwaye zinike uqingqo-mali oluthelekele icandelo. Olu tshintsho lwaqhutywa ngokwenxenye luzibophelele kulawulo lwe-LDP kurhulumente ombini ophakathi kwaye ngokwenxalenye luye luye lunyanzelwa ziinkokeli zasekuhlaleni.

Amaqela enkcaso alumkisa ukuba ukuhlaziywa kolawulo kusenokunyusa umahluko wengingqi, njengoko oomasipala abazizityebi benokutsala abafundisi- ntsapho abangcono kunye nobuncwane. Ngenene, uphando lubonise ukuba izithuba zemfundo phakathi kwemimandla yedolophu nasemaphandleni ziye zanda ukususela ekuguquleni. Olu ngquzulwano phakathi kwenkululeko yasekuhlaleni nokulingana kwesizwe luseyingxoxo yezopolitiko.

Imfundo Yokuziphatha Njengendawo Yedabi Lezobupolitika

Zimbalwa imibandela eye yaba yeyokulwa njengenkqubo yokubuyiselwa kwemfundo yokuziphatha njengomxholo okwibanga eliphantsi ngo-2018. I-LDP yaqhubela phambili ukuze kubethelelwe utshintsho ekuthandweni kwesizwe nesidima soluntu, ngoxa amaqela abachasi ayeyigxeka njengokubuyela ekufundiseni kwangaphambili kwemfazwe. I-JCP neCDP zalungiselela imibhiyozo kwaye zapapasha ezinye izikhokelo zemfundo yokuziphatha ezijoliswe kumalungelo abantu kunye nezizwe ngezizwe.

Isiphumo saba kukulalanisa: uMphathiswa wemfundo waveliswa uqeqesho lwesizwe lwemfundo yokuziphatha kodwa wavumela izikolo ukuba zilungise izinto. Ngoku iincwadi ziquka izifundo ngemixholo efana nokulingana kwendoda nendoda, imilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokulungiselelwa kwentlekele. Ngokunjalo, amalungu e-LDP abambelele kwimithetho engqongqo ekhuthaza ukulawulwa kolawulo lwesizwe, ngoxa ekhuthaza ukukhuthazwa okungakumbi kwe-LGBTQ + imiba nenkcubeko.

Utyekelo Neengxaki Zangoku

Iingxoxo eziphambili kwimfundo yamaJapan zigqalwa njengezingachananga.

Imfundo Yokuziphatha Neempawu Zesizwe

Ukuphunyezwa kwe ōkuta (imfundo yokuziphatha) njengomxholo okwisigaba ngo-2018 yayilutshintsho olubalulekileyo. ILDP ikujonga njengethuba lokuhlakulela "umoya waseJapan" kunye nokuhlonela igunya. Iqela liye laxhasa ukunqandwa kokuculwa komculo wesizwe nokuphakanyiswa kweflegi kwimisitho yesikolo. Ngokuchaseneyo, iCDP ne JCP iphikisa ukuba imfundo yokuziphatha imele igxininise amaxabiso ehlabathi lonke nokucingisisa okugxekwa kokucingisisa [Bringsttions Istion] .

Le ngxabano iphinda iphinde ivele rhoqo, ingakumbi xa abezobupolitika ababambelele kwizithethe eziqhelekileyo becebisa ukuba abafundi baqubude ukuze babonise imifanekiso yomlawuli okanye bafunde i-Imperial Rescript on Education. Izicelo ezinjalo zivotelwa phantsi kwiDiet kodwa zibonisa iintambo ezihlala zikho zezopolitiko kunetyala lesizwe.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kwiigumbi lokufundela

Isifo se-COVOID-19 se-ovid sokufumana amanani akhawulezileyo kwizikolo, kodwa iJapan isahlala emva kwamazwe amaninzi e-OECD ekudityanisweni kwe-Edech. I-LDP neKomeito ngokudityanisiweyo yaxhasa iNkqubo yeSikolo se-GIGA, isasaza amacebo kubo bonke abafundi besikolo sikawonke-wonke kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-Internet. Noko ke, i-LDP idla ngokugxininisa ekusebenziseni ubugcisa ukunyusa ubuchule bovavanyo kunye nempumelelo yolawulo, ngelixa iCDP ne-JCP igxininisa imfuneko yoqeqesho kwiDigasting pedagogy kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela okufanelekileyo kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi.

INippon Ishin no Kai ixhasa ukusebenzisa ubugcisa ukwenzela ukuba kukwazi "ukulonke ixesha, naphi na" ukufunda, kuquka iiklasi ze-intanethi kunye neencwadi zamanani, njengenxalenye yokunyanzelisa ukupheliswa kwemithetho egqithisileyo. Okwangoku, i-JCP ilumkise ukuba ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiqonga lemivo kunokwenza imfundo ihambele phambili kwaye kwandise ukuhlolwa kwabafundi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezizwe ngezizwe nemfundo yamaNgesi

Inkqubo yemfundo yaseJapan ibisoloko igxekwa. Amaqela ezobupolitika avumelana ngokubaluleka kokwenziwa kwehlabathi kodwa ahluke kwiindlela. I-LDP ikhuthaza iinkqubo zokutshintshiselana ezikhethekileyo kwaye inyusa inani leezifundo zamaNgesi eziphakathi eyunivesithi. Phantsi kwe-Abe, urhulumente wabeka ixhoba labafundi behlabathi lonke abangama-300,000 ngonyaka wama-2020/a, kodwa inkxalabo iyaqhubeka.

ICDP igxininisa ukutshintshiselana ngokubuyisa: ifuna ukuba abafundi abangakumbi baseJapan bafunde kwamanye amazwe kwaye bafunde abafundisi- ntsapho abangaphaya kwelizwe kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke. Noko ke, i-JCP, iphikisa ukuba ukuthatyathwa kwelizwe ngezizwe akufanele kungene kwinkcitho yemfundo yezizwe ngezizwe eJapan, iphawula ukuba abaninzi babemi bangaphandle balapho basuka eTshayina, Korea, nase Brazil/ubunye babo. Eli qela licebisa ukuba kucetywe ukuba kupheliswe ukulwa kwemithetho yeli khadi elikwisikolo kuzo zonke izikolo.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwabafundisi - ntsapho Nentsebenziswano

Ukunqongophala okungapheliyo kootitshala, okuqhutywa yimivuzo ephantsi noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kusongela ubunjani bemfundo. Bonke amaqela bayavuma ukuba amanqam, kodwa amacebiso abo athelekelelwayo aphucuka. I-LDP inika izivumelwano zomfundisi-lwazi, inika iibhonasi, kunye nokulula imisebenzi yolawulo ngobugcisa. ICDP ne-JCP ifuna ukwanda komvuzo webhodi, umlinganiselo weklasi omncinci, nemida emva kweklasi yemfundo yesikolo, kwaye ibekelwe izithuba njengomthombo omkhulu wokudinwa.

I-JCP ikwacebise ukuba kubekho isindululo sesizwe se-"i-odshorensi yoxakeka" sokubuyisela iindleko zikawonke-wonke kunye nokunciphisa iimfuno zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni, ezibekwa ityala ngokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, uNippon Ishin no Kai ufuna ukusungula inkqubo yokuhlawula esekelwe kwimali ehlawulwayo ekhutshwayo kubafundi.)

Ikamva: Utshintsho Lwezobupolitika Nemfundo

Ilizwe lezobupolitika laseJapan likhula kakhulu, kwaye imfundo iza kuhlala ikwindawo yedabi. Ulawulo lwe-LDP lungacelw'ucelomngeni ngamaqela amatsha anjenge CDP neNippon Ihin no Kai, ukubonelela ngako okucacileyo. Ukuncipha kwembonakalo yabantwana abangaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu (inani elingaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu) liye lehla ukuya kutsho kwi 11.7% yabemi.

Enye indawo yesivumelwano se-bipartis kukwenza utyalo-mali kwimfundo kunye nenkathalo yabantwana bamandulo (ECEC). Onke amaqela axhasa isikolo esitsha ngokukhululekileyo sabanee-3 ukuya kwaba-5 leminyaka, inkqubo esele iqaliswe ngowama-2019. Noko ke, ukungavisisani kuhlala phezu kokuba ucwangciso luza kwandiswa kubantwana abancinane nokuba ngaba banokukuvumela ngasese ukuba bafumane ingeniso.

Enye imbambano ephumayo kukuhlanganiswa kobuntlola obungeyoyamvelo (AI) kwimfundo. I-LDP ikhangeleka kakuhle ekusebenziseni i-Al ukuze ikwazi ukufunda kwaye inciphise amaphepha okufundisa, ngelixa amaqela asekhohlo exhalabisa ngokuvalwa kogcino-lwazi nokulahleka konxibelelwano lwabantu. Ubuchule bokusebenza kwe-AI obungu-2024 bemfundo buquka zombini ezi zinto, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kuya kuxhomekeka kwiqela elilawula iDiet.

Isiphelo

Amaqela ezobupolitika eJapan aye adlala kwaye aza kuqhubeka edlala indima epheleleyo ekulungiseni inkqubo yemfundo. Ukusuka kwixesha leMeiji ukugxininisa kuphuhliso lwedemokhrasi lwasemva kwemfazwe, kunye nokulawula kwamashumi eminyaka kwe-LDP ukuya kwinkqubo yala maqela ahlukeneyo, ukutshintsha kolawulo lwawo kushiye uphawu lwawo kwizinto ezifundwayo nendlela abantwana baseJapan abafunda ngayo. Ukugxininisa kwe-LDP kubuzwelovolontiya, iKomeito ink ink inkss intelo yokuzinikela kwi-CDP kwimfundo kawonke-wonke, i-JCP i-egalitinationalism, kunye neNippan Ishin nothi yenk ehloniphekileyo ayiyoliyo yonke imbono yexesha elizayo.

Kubafundisi-mfundo nabenzi benkqubo, ukuqaphela ezi mpembelelo zocalucalulo linyathelo lokuqala lokuqhuba ngenqanawa, kwaye inkqubo enokuba yeyokulungisa izithethe kufuneka ilungelelanise izithethe nokutshintsha kwezinto zehlabathi. Iingxoxo eziqhubekayo ngemfundo yokuziphatha, ubugcisa, intlalo-ntle yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nentlalo-ntle yabafundisi-ntle yamazwe aseJapan ziza kuchaza imfundo yaseJapan kangangamashumi eminyaka ezayo. Ukuqonda imikhosi yezopolitiko ayingokufunda nje imfundo; kubalulekile nabani na ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba ekuxoliseni isizukulwana esilandelayo sabemi baseJapan.