Indima YeziKomishini Zokuzimela Ekuhambeleni Unyulo Oluhle

Ingqibelelo yonyulo luziingqikelelo lolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Xa abemi bephosa amavoti abo, kufuneka bathembe ukuba onke amavoti abalwa kakuhle, ukuba akukho qela okanye mvoti ufumana uncedo olungafanelekanga, kwaye yonke inkqubo ibonakalisa ukuthanda kwabantu. Iikhomishini zonyulo oluzimeleyo zisebenza njengabagcini-zikhuseli bolo tyala. La maqela, enzelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle kwegunya lolawulo lolawulo, umthetho, okanye impembelelo, asebenza ngokulawula zonke iinqanaba lonyulo, ukusuka kwimiqobo yovoti-"ukubhalisa i-screctiver kwi-crediation egqibele. Njengoko i-democracrafies ehlabathi lonke ijongene neengcinezelo ezintsha zokususwa kwe-RGenestic, ukutshintsha kwezobugcisa, kunye nokubekwa kwezobupolitika kwezobupolitika, indima yesebe elizimele-yo ayizange igxekwe. Eli nqaku lihlole okokuba lenza iinkonzo zizimele, kwaye zone iingxaki zokuzihlulwa.

Ukuchaza Inkululeko: Asiyonto Ibalulekileyo

Ikhomishini ezimeleyo ayingombutho karhulumente ophethe unyulo. Uzimele-zinyo lufuna isakhiwo, imali, kunye nenkululeko esebenzayo. Ukhomishini kufuneka ikhuselwe ngokusemthethweni okanye ngokusemthethweni ekususweni okanye ekulandelweni liqela elilawulayo. Amalungu ayo kufuneka amiselwe kwinkqubo ecace gca, enezikhombisi ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ebandakanya ijaji okanye ikomiti yepalamente eqinisekisa umelo olulungeleleneyo. Ngaphezu koko, ulawulo kufuneka lulawule uqingqo-mali lwayo, abasebenzi, kunye nezigqibo, ngaphandle kwezi zikhuseli, ugunyaziso lunokuba sisixhobo sokusebenza kwi-'cumpbagq'egnomes'e kunokubhekisela kukhuphicotho olulungileyo.

Imisebenzi yeCore yeeKhomishini zoNhlolo oluzimeleyo

Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo ziphumeza uludwe oluninzi lwemisebenzi echaphazela zonke iinkalo zomjikelo wonyulo. Le misebenzi yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo alukho nje kuphela olukhululekileyo nolulungileyo kodwa lukwaquka kwaye luyathembeka.

Ubhaliso loMsebenzi kunye noLawulo loLuhlu

Ukugcina ubhaliso oluchanileyo nolubanzi lovoti lusekelwe kwisiseko. Iikhomishini zongamela ukubhaliswa okuqhubekayo kwabemi abafanelekileyo, ukususa okanye ukuvota okungagqibekiyo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba akukho namnye okhutshwe ngokuphosakeleyo. Zikwazalisekisa iinkqubo zokubhalisa nge-intanethi, iiyunithi zokuhamba-hamba, kunye nokufikelela kumaqela asezantsi. Umzekelo, iKhomishini yoLuhlulo lwabemi baseIndiya iqhuba isishwankathelo kunye needrafti ezikhethekileyo, ifaka izigidi zevoti entsha nyaka ngamnye.

Izixhobo zokudibanisa kunye nokufikelela kwebhola

IiKhomishini zimisela imithetho yokufumana intlawulo, kuquka iminyaka yobudala, ubumi, kunye neemfuno zokuhlala. Zifumana zize ziqinisekise amaphepha okufakelwa amatyum, zisingatha iimpikiswano, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ngawaphi amagama akhoyo kumatshini wokuchola. Kumazwe amaninzi, zikwalawula ukutyhilwa kwezemali yezemali, zifuna abathathi-nxaxheba kunye namaqela ukuba banikele ingxelo yeminikelo nenkcitho. Lo msebenzi uxhasa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye uthintela impembelelo engafanelekanga yemali kwezobupolitika.

Imisebenzi yosuku lokhetho

Ngosuku lovotelo, ikomishini ijongene nokuthunyelwa kwezinto zokuvota, abasebenzi bezikhululo zokuvota, ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka (kuquka abavoti abaneziphene), kunye nokulondolozwa kocwangco. Bamisela iinkqubo zokuvota, kuquka ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukurhoxa kovota, nokuvota nge-elektroniki apho kusetyenziswa khona. Abaqwalathisi beqela lezobupolitika, ibutho labantu, kunye namaqumrhu ehlabathi lonke bayagunyaziswa kwaye banikwa ungenelelo kwimiqathango yokuhlola.

Ubalo kunye nojikelezo

Emva kokuphonononga, ikhomishini ijonge ubalo lwezikhuseli. Oku kunokwenzeka kwizitishi zokuvota kukhoyo abameli beqela, okanye kumaziko aphakathi. Ikhomishini kufuneka ikhusele ukudluliselwa kweziphumo, iqinisekise isimbuku, kwaye isombulule nakuphi na ukungangqinelani. Intembelo kawonke-wonke ixhomekeke ekucaceni kwale nkqubo (_ngokutshona kwemisinga ephilayo, iziphumo zokubekwa kwimigangatho nganye, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo.

Isisombululo seNkqutyana yeNkqutyana yekhompyutha

Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zisoloko zisebenza njengeyokuqala ye-fom kwizikhalazo ezinxulumene nonyulo. Ziphanda ngeengxelo zoloyiso lovoti, ukuthungwa kwezixhobo, okanye ezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Zingayalela ukungcoliswa kwakhona kwimimandla echaphazelekayo, abatshabhileyo abaphule imithetho, kwaye zifake isigwebo emaqenjini aphula imithetho yezemali. Izigqibo zawo ziphantsi kohlalutyo lwezakhono, kodwa igunya lawo lokuqala lokuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza liyimfuneko ekulondolozeni ukholo kwinkqubo.

Isizathu Sokuba Inkululeko Ibaluleke: Ukwakha Ukuthenjwa Nguwonke - wonke

Eyona mpahla ixabisekileyo enonyulwa inoko kukuthembeka konyulo. Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zibekwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuze zakhe olo themba. Xa abavoti bekholelwa ukuba onconyelweyo akakhethi, banokuvuma iziphumo, nokuba umvoti wabo abamthandayo uphulukana. Ngokuchaseneyo, xa ikomishini ithathwa njenge-evation okanye ebuthathaka, unyulo lonke luyasuswa.

Ukunciphisa Impembelelo Yezobupolitika

Kumazwe amaninzi, urhulumente onegunya unentshukumisa kunye nezindlela zokulawula unyulo. Umsebenzi ozimeleyo usebenza njengobunzima bokulwa. Ngokulawula ukubhalisa kovoti, ukwenziwa kwevoti, kunye nokubekwa kwesitishi sophatho, unokuthintela ukuqhuba, ukucinezelwa komvoti, kunye nokunye ukusetyenziswa kakubi. Umzekelo, iKhomishini ezimeleyo ye-United Kingdom Commission [ isebenza kubude bengalo ukusuka kurhulumente kwaye iye yaphumelela ekunqanda ukutshintsha imithetho yokuvota ukuze kungenelwe uluntu.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonakala Kwabantu Nokuphendula

Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo ziphantsi kwemigangatho ephezulu yokubonakala ngaphaya kwemibutho eqhelekileyo yorhulumente. Zipapasha iingxelo ezineenkcukacha, zivula iintlanganiso zazo kuwonke-wonke (okanye ubuncinane kubabukeli), kwaye zisabela kwinkululeko yezicelo zenkcazelo. Oku kutyhila kuvumela uluntu, amajelo eendaba, kunye nabaqwalaseli bezizwe ngezizwe ukuba bahlolisise izigqibo zabo baze baphendule.

Ukuthobela Imithetho

Ngaphandle komnyamekeli onamandla, imithetho yononophelo lungamacebiso nje. Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zinegunya lokuphanda ukuphulwa kwemithetho, ukunyanzelisa iimali, nokuthumela amatyala etyala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Zikwanikela ukhokelo kunye nokuqeqesha amaqela ezobupolitika kwimithetho yezemali yephulo, imiqathango yokubhengeza, kunye nehambo entle. Ulawulo olunamandla lokunyanzelisa ukuthotywa kwemithetho luthintela ukuziphatha okubi kwaye lulinganisa imimandla yokudlala.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Neentlanganiso Zokukhetha

Nangona zibalulekile, iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zizama ukulwa nemiqobo engapheliyo enokuzenza zibe buthathaka. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuyileni utshintsho olukhusela ingqibelelo yokhetho.

Ukudibana Nezigwebo Zezobupolitika

Kumazwe amaninzi, inkqubo etyumba amalungu omsebenzi ilawulwa ngumphathi okanye liqela elilawulayo. Oku kungaphumela kumsebenzi onyanisekileyo kurhulumente kunokuba ube ngumgaqo-siseko. Kwanalapho kukho uzimele-mthetho, uxinzelelo oluchuliweyo , uqingqo-mali olucinezelayo (ngomzekelo, amaphulo okutyhafisa, okanye izisongelo zokuxoxwa kwe-arhente-amandla okugoba/ukuthoba. iFEDAL EC Commission (FFLC) eUnited States, ngokomzekelo, iye yagxekwa ngenxa yokufa kwenja, isakhiwo sayo selungu lamalungu ayisithupha, nezihlalo ezintathu ezibekwe kwiqela ngalinye eliphambili, elikhokelela kwi-gridrock xa kungquzuzwa i-'''.

Ukunganelisi Imali Nezibonelelo

Ukuqhuba unyulo kubiza imali eninzi. Iikhomishini zifuna imali yokushicilela amavota, abasebenzi abahlawula iimoto, abaqeshi, abagcina iinkqubo ze-IT, kunye nemfundo yokuqhuba. Xa uqingqo-mali lunqanyulwe, iingozi zokuqala zidla ngokuba lulawulo olusemgangathweni nolawulo. Kwamanye amazwe asakhasayo, ikhomishini inyanzeleka ukuba ixhomekeke kwinkxaso-mali yomnikeli wamanye amazwe, enokuphakamisa imibuzo ephathelele ulawulo nokulondolozwa.

Ukwazisa Uluntu Nemfundo Yesityalo

Abemi abaninzi abayazi indima yekomishini yonyulo. Basenokungayazi indlela yokuhlola ukubhalisa kwabo, indlela yokuvota, okanye indawo yokufaka isikhalazo. Ikhomishini engenamacebo anamandla onxibelelwano ibeka umngcipheko wokuphulukana nokuthenjwa nguluntu, ingakumbi xa intelekelelo isasazeka ngokubanzi. Impumelelo kumaphulo okuvota, ukusebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi nemijelo, ibalulekile kodwa isoloko iphantsi kwemijelo.

Utshintsho Lobugcisa Obenziwe Kakuhle

Oomatshini bokuvota be-electronic, bokubhalisa kwi-intanethi, kunye nosasazo lwamanani lunika i-effiencience kodwa lukwazisa izinto ezintsha ezisetyenziswayo. Iikhomishini kufuneka ziqhubeke zihlaziya imigaqo-nkqubo yazo yokusebenza kwikhompyutha, zivavanye i-software yezinambuzane, kunye namagosa okhetho loololiwe. Ukungaphumeleli kobugcisa okanye ukuqhekezwa kobuchule kungabangela ukuthandabuza lonke unyulo. Ngaphezu koko, ubugcisa bungandisa ulwahlulo lwamanani, luhlula abantu abadala, basemaphandleni, okanye bafumane abancinane abavoti bokhetho ukuba abalawulwangalawulwanga kakuhle.

Ungquzulwano lwangaphandle noLwazi

Kwixesha lenkcazelo yezentlalo, iingxelo zobuxoki ezimalunga noqhaqho-qhatha konyulo okanye ukuqhatha komgunyathi kungasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunolungiso lwasemthethweni. Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo kufuneka zilwe nolwamkelo lokwaziswa ngeli xesha zithetha ngenkululeko. Zisenokufuna ukuseka amaqela akhawulezileyo, amaqabane ajongana nentlangano enyani, kwaye zisebenzise imijelo yazo ye-media ukucinezela nokulungisa iingxelo zobuxoki. Oku kufuna ubuchule bonxibelelwano obucwangcisiweyo obungakabikho nanamhlanje.

Uphando lwetyala: IiKhomishini ezizimeleyo ezisebenzayo

Ukuqwalasela imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene kuyanceda ukucacisa oko kusebenzayo qha, noko kungasebenziyo.

IKhomishini Yokhetho yaseIndiya (ECI)

IKhomishini yoNnyulo yaseIndiya ijongwa ngokubanzi njengenye yeziqu zabalawuli abanamandla nabanempumelelo ehlabathini. Imiswe phantsi komGaqo-siseko waseIndiya, isebenza nomphathi omnye (owayilungu elininzi de kwangowe-1991, ngoko i-ECI ibuyele kwimo elungiselelweyo yonyulo oluninzi ngo-1993). I-ECI ijonge unyulo lweLok Sabba (indlu esezantsi), urhulumente wezomthetho, kunye nee-ofisi zoMongameli kunye noMongameli omnye. Inegunya lokubhalisa amaqela ezobupolitika, ukunikezela imifuziselo, ukunyanzelisa i-Modeli yeNkadeli, kwaye iphinde ihle unyuso kwiimeko zomthetho kunye nokuwohloka komthetho. Phezu kwako, phezu kwako kubhaliwewaka kwezigidi ezingama-90rejini, i-ECI, igcine iqondo eliphezulu lokukhongongongongomela, inxenye yayo esebenzayo ekusebenziseni kwezobugcisa kunye noomatshini zokuvola.

IKhomishini yoNnyulo yoManyano (FEC) yaseUnited States

I-FEC lisebe elizimeleyo lolawulo oluzimeleyo elijongene nokulawula nokumisa imithetho yezemali yephondo. Liyilwe ngabameli abathandathu abamiselwe nguMongameli kwaye baqinisekiswe yiNdlu yeNdlu yeNkulumbuso. Ngokomthetho, akukho bameli bangaphezulu abathathu bangamalungu eqela elinye lezobupolitika. Nangona le komiti yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulingana kwe-bipartistiki, esi sakhiwo siye sakhokelela ekucinezeleni, ingakumbi ngexesha lengxabano yezopolitiko. Le nkqubo i-FEC iye yagxekwa ngenxa yokungakwazi kwayo ukukhupha izigwebo ezingundoqo zokwaphula umthetho, njengoko kufuneka ubuncinane iivoti ezine. Ulawulo lomsebenzi wolawulo lungalawuli kwimirhuqo-mali, ukuvota, okanye ukubala, okulawulwa kwemicimbi, okulawulwa ngurhulumente kunye nokhetho. Le nkqubo yokurhoxina kwelizwe ingenza iimigangatho ezidityanileyo kwilizwe lonke ilizwe.

IKhomishini Yolawulo YoBukumkani Obumanyeneyo

Idalwe yiProtilities, i-Eferendems and Referentums Act, iKhomishini ye-Electoral ye-UK lisebe likarhulumente elinoxanduva oluthe ngqo kwiPalamente. Imisela imilinganiselo yolawulo lonyulo, ibhalisa amaqela ezobupolitika, ijonge iphulo lokuchitha, kwaye inika ukhokelo kumthetho wonyulo. Iqhuba uphando malunga nokuthabatha inxaxheba kovoti kwaye icebisa urhulumente kwimibambo ephantsi kwemibango kunye nomda. Igunya likarhulumente lavavanywa ngexesha lonyulo lwe-Scoshinmental exentum no-2016, apho lakwazi ukuphatha iiprojelo eziphezulu phezu kwayo phezu kwako phezu kwako konke ukucinezelelwa kwezobupolitika.

IKhomishini ezimeleyo kwiDemokhrasi eMandundu: Izifundo ezivela eKenya

I-IEBC ye-I Independent Electoral and Boundives Commission (IEBC) iye yajamelana nocelomngeni olukhulu, kuquka iziphumo zonyulo ezabangela ulonyulo lwasemva konyulo ngo- 200720088 kunye no-2017. Emva kokundululwa kwemeko embi ngowama-2007, i-IEBC yavuselelwa kwakhona ukuze iquke ukhuseleko lwezobugcisa kunye nolomeleleyo. Ngo-2017, iNkuNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseKenya i-i Kenya ikhuphe iziphumo zonyulo lonyulo, ikhankathela ukungahleleki kweziphumo zeziphumo zeziphumo ze-IEBC, kunye neziphumo eziqhubekayo ze-RCCC.

Imilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nezenzo ezizizo

Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe iphuhlise ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kookhomishini yokukhetha abazimeleyo. [FLT] International International Institute for Democracy and Electoral IMPIS (I-IDEA yomhlaba wonke) kwaye iZizwe ezimanyeneyo ziye zapapasha imigaqo yolawulo lonyulo olunempumelelo, kuquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] I-equality: yezomGaqo-siseko okanye ukhuseleko lomthetho ekususweni ngokungekho mthethweni.
  • [[Ukhuseleko: 0] Ukhuseleko lwexesha: olulungisiweyo, amagama angavuselelwanga ukuze abakhomishinari babagqume kwiingcinezelo zokhetho kwakhona.
  • [[Uluhlu:0] uzimele ngokwezimali: Ingqungquthela ethe ngqo okanye imisinga enikezelweyo yengeniso.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Abasebenzi bomsebenzi: Ukufumana i-Mit, uqeqesho, kunye nokuqhubekeka komsebenzi.
  • Umahluko: Ovulekileyo iintlanganiso, utyhilo lwasesidlangalaleni lwezigqibo, kunye neendlela zophicotho-zincwadi.
  • Ukungaqiniseki: Ukufikelela kumabhinqa, amancinane, abantu abaneziphene namaqela aphantsi.
  • Uxanduva lwemali: iinkqubo zangaphakathi kunye nangaphandle zolawulo, kuquka uhlolo lwetyala.

Ukunamathela kule milinganiselo kunceda abameli baxhathise ingcinezelo yezobupolitika baze banikele unyulo abanokukholosa ngalo bonke abo bafaka ityala.

Ukuqinisa Iintlanganiso Zokuzimela Ngekamva

Imikhosi yezonyulo kufuneka iqhubeke ifaka imali kumaqumrhu ayo okulawula unyulo. Oku kudlulela ngaphaya kokuxhasa ngemali (ukufuna umnqweno wezopolitiko kunye nokuvumelana kwezentlalo ukuba unyulo lungabantu, hayi kwabo banegunya. Izicelo zokomeleza iikhomishini ziquka:

  • ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zokucwangcisa ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana okunqamlezileyo kunye neemfaneleko ezingoomasipala.
  • Ukunikezela uqingqo-mali lweminyaka emininzi [ olungaphantsi kwengxoxo yezopolitiko yonyaka.
  • Ukubhalisa ngokuzimeleyo ukubhalisa kubasebenzi abakhulu ukunqanda ukhuselo.
  • iguqula zonke iinguqu zenkqubo yonyulo, kuquka ikhowudi yemvelaphi yendlela ye-elektroniki.
  • Ukwandisa imfundo yevoti ukulwa ukungafunwa kwenkcazelo nokwandisa inxaxheba.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ukwabelana ngezenzo ezingcono nokuphuhlisa umgangatho wokungakhuseleki kwekhompyutha.

Isiphelo

Iikhomishini zonyulo oluzimeleyo asiyonto iphambili yolawulo-moya olutyebileyo; ziyimfuneko ukuba naluphi na uhlanga olunqwenela ukuba nonyulo oluthembekileyo. Ngokuvelela ukubhaliswa kovoti, ukutyunjwa, inkxaso-mali yephulo, ukuvotelwa, ukuvavanywa, ukuqashwa, kunye nesigqibo sokuphicothwa kwembambano, la maqumrhu asebenza njengabaxhasi abangoondindindi bobundilele ababangela ukuba kubekho ulawulo-demokhrasi. Akhusela ekuphathweni, ukwakha intembelo kawonke, kwaye aqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zibonakalisa ngokwenene ukuthanda okuqhelekileyo. Kodwa inkululeko ayize iphumelele ngokusisigxina. Abadlali bepolitiki basoloko bevavanya imida, oorhulumente, abantu, nabahlali bezizwe ngezizwe kufuneka bahlale bephaphile. Ukuqinisa iinkonzo ezizimeleyo, ukuxhaswa komthetho, kunye nempucuko yezona zixhobo zezorhwebo zemali eziphambili kwikamva labo abasebenza kuzo.