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Ukuqonda Ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko kwiinkqubo zokuthintela Iziyobisi
Iinkqubo zokuthintela iziyobisi ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni uluntu olusempilweni nasekunciphiseni umthwalo wokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kubemi abahlukeneyo. Enye into engundoqo ephembelela impumelelo yezi zinyathelo kukhuphiswano oluqhelekileyo. Ukuqonda kunye nokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko kunceda abaphengululi abasebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazela abantu abahlukeneyo, ekugqibeleni ekhokelela ekuthembiseni, ukuthembana, kunye neziphumo.
Njengoko abantu beminye eUnited States nasemhlabeni wonke besiya behluka, imfuneko yokuzikhusela ngokwenkcubeko isoloko ingxamiseka. Uphando lubonisa ubungqina obuxhasayo bokusebenza kweenkqubo zokuthintela ezichukumiseke ngokwenkcubeko ekuthinteleni okanye ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo phakathi kwe-U.S., iSpenic, iSpeyin, kunye ne-Indiyan American. Obu bungqina bubonisa ukubaluleka kokudibanisa inkcubeko kuzo zonke iinkalo zoyilo lwenkqubo, ukuzalisekisa, nokuhlola.
Yintoni ingqokelela yenkcubeko?
Ubuchule benkcubeko buchazwa njenge "sethi yendlela yokuziphatha elungelelanisiweyo, ulwazi, isimo sengqondo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo edityaniswe kwinkqubo, kwintlangano, okanye phakathi kweengcali ezikwaziyo ukwenza umsebenzi osebenzayo kwiimeko ezinqamlezileyo zenkcubeko". Kwimeko yokuthintelwa kweziyobisi, le ngcamango iquka okungaphaya kokuqonda okulula kokwahluka kwenkcubeko ukuquka ukuqonda okucacileyo indlela izinto zenkcubeko ezichaphazela ngayo isimilo, oothunywashe bobungozi, kunye noonobangela abanxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Ubuchule benkcubeko buchaza ubuchule bomntu okanye bombutho wokusebenzisana ngokunempumelelo nabantu bezithethe ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya amanqanaba amathathu adityanisiweyo: ukwazi inkcubeko yehlabathi nocalucalulo, ulwazi lwezithethe ezahlukeneyo kunye nolujongo lwehlabathi, kunye nobuchule bokudibana okunceda unxibelelwano olunempumelelo nongenelelo.
Inxaxheba Kwimiba Yenkcubeko
Ukukhuphisana kwenkcubeko ekuthinteleni iziyobisi kuquka iinkalo eziliqela eziphambili ezisebenzisanayo ukuze kungenelelwe ngokunempumelelo, ngentlonelo nangendlela efanelekileyo:
- Ukwalathiswa kobungcali benkcubeko: Ukwazi iimbono nocalucalulo lomntu, kwakunye nokuqonda ukuba indlela yokubona izithethe, amaxabiso, kunye nehambo
- Ulwazi lokwemvelo: Ukuqonda iimbono zamaqela enkcubeko ahlukeneyo ehlabathi, iinkolelo ngempilo nokugula, imveliso isebenzisa iipateni, kunye nehambo yokufuna uncedo
- [[UMTL:0] Ubuchule bokuyila: ubuchule bokuqokelela ulwazi olunxulumene nenkcubeko, ukwenza uhlolo olufanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko, kunye nokuzalisekisa ungenelelo oluthathelwa ingqalelo ngokwenkcubeko
- IiNtlanganiso zoMgaqo-nkqubo: ngokungqalileyo ukudibana nabantu abasuka kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo ukucombulula nokuvavanya ubalo
- Iminqweno esekelwe kuMfuno weNkcubeko: Intshukumisa yokwenene yokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokuba ngofanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko
Le nkcazelo ichazwa ngabantu abahlala kunye nabantu, indlela abantu abalijonga ngayo ihlabathi. Yinkqubo ethile yeenkolelo, izithethe nemilinganiselo ekhethekileyo ngokuphathelele ulwalamano nendlela abantu abaphila ngayo baze balungelelanise imeko-bume yabo. Le nkcazelo ibalaselisa ukuba inkcazo yesithethe ichaphazela iinkalo zokuzichaza ngaphaya kobuhlanga nobuzwe, kuquka oothunywashe abafana nobudala, ubufanasini, indlela yokuziphatha, imeko yentlalo, unqulo, nendawo yelizwe.
Ukubaluleka Okubalulekileyo Kombutho Wenkcubeko Ekuthinteleni Iziyobisi
Ukudityaniswa kwenkcubeko yeenkqubo zokuthintela iziyobisi akuyonto nje efuna ulungiso lwezobupolitika okanye indawo yokuhlala. Kunoko, ingumbandela osisiseko wokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo noqheliselo lwendlela yokuziphatha. Xa ungenelelo luvuma kwaye lubandakanya iinkolelo, izithethe, uqheliselo, nolwimi, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba babendakanyeke kuluntu, baluthembe, baze bafikelele iinguqulelo ezinenjongo kwindlela yokuziphatha.
Ubungqina Bokuphumelela
Uphando lokuhlola iinkqubo zokuthintela ezichukumisekayo ngokwenkcubeko lufumanise iziphumo zonyango lomlinganiselo womlinganiselo womlinganiselo womlinganiselo wonyango kuzo zonke izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwiziphumo ze-Hedges = − 0.20, 95% CI = [nu, 24 − 0.6]. Oku kuchaphazela okubalulekileyo kubonisa ukuba ungenelelo olulungelelanisiweyo lwenkcubeko luvelisa inkqubela ekhawulezileyo kwiziphumo zokusebenzisa imveliso xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezisemgangathweni.
Ubungqina obunika ingxelo bubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ngokwesithethe nokungenelela konyango kungaphucula iziphumo zamaqela ajoliswe kuwo, kunye nohlolisiso olubonisa ukuba uhlobo olulungelelanisiweyo lobuChule boBucukubhede benkcubeko lwavelisa iziphumo ezingcono zokuthintelwa kolutsha olumnyama olusedolophini kuneenguqulelo eziqhelekileyo. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ziye zaphinda-phinda-phinda iinkqubo nabemi abaninzi, zimisela ubungqina obunamandla bokutshintsha kwenkcubeko.
Ukusingatha Iingxaki Zempilo
Inkcubeko idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nokwahluka okunxulumene nempilo okuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto uluntu olumbalwa oluphakathi kohlanga nolululuvo. Uhlanga/ukwahlukahlukana kwemizimba kusetyenziswa kwemichiza yabakwishumi elivisayo ekusebenziseni ukwanda, iingcinga, neziphumo. Ezi zinto zokwahlukahlukana zibangelwa kukudibana okuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwabanqandi bempilo, uxambuliso lwembali, ucalucalulo, uxinzelelo lokwahlukana, kunye nokufikelela kokwahluka kolwazi ekuthinteleni kunye neenkonzo zonyango.
Ngokudibanisa ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko, iinkqubo zokuthintela zingayilungisa kakuhle ingozi ekhethekileyo kunye noothunywashe abakhoyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Le ndlela ibonakalisa ukuba imveliso esetyenziswayo imigaqo yokuziphatha neziphumo zayo zibunjwe yimeko-bume, kwaye ukuthintelwa okunempumelelo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ezi meko zemeko.
Ukwakha Ukuthembana Nokuzibophelela
Ukuthemba kuyinxalenye esisiseko yenkqubo yokuthintela ephumelelayo, ingakumbi kuluntu oluye lwafumana iziphumo zokongamela, ucalucalulo, okanye ukuxhatshazwa zinkqubo zempilo nezoncedo lwentlalo. Iinkqubo ezinikezela ngeenkonzo ezinxulumene neemfuno zesizwe esincinane nesesizwe zinokuba nokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba zigcinwe, ingakumbi ukuba ezi nkqubo zikhokelwa ngabaphathi abanomgangatho ophezulu wobuchule benkcubeko abanokuthi baluphumeze ngokucokisekileyo ubuchule bokwenza izinto.
Ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko lubonisa intlonelo ngemilinganiselo, izithethe neendlela zokwazi. Le ntlonelo ikhokelela ekubeni kukulungela ngakumbi ukuba nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokuthintela, ukuchana kwemiyalezo, nokuzibophelela ngamandla ekuthinteleni isimilo. Xa amalungu ebutho ajonga amava, imilinganiselo, kunye nenkxalabo eboniswa ekuthinteleni iinkqubo, banokuyijonga inkqubo njengefanelekileyo nenokuthenjwa.
Iingxaki Nemiphumo Yokuthintelwa Okungakhuselwanga Ngokwenkcubeko
Ukungabikho kwenkcubeko ekuthinteleni iziyobisi kubangela imiqobo ephawulekayo ekuphumeleleni yaye kunokubangela ukwahluka kwempilo okukhoyo. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ukuze siqonde ukuba kungxamisekile ukuqhelisela inkcubeko.
Imiqobo Yonxibelelwano Nokungaqondani
Xa iinkqubo zokuthintela zisilela ukuchaza ukwahluka kwezithethe kwindlela yonxibelelwano, iilwimi ezikhethwayo, namanqanaba empilo yokufunda, imiyalezo egxekayo isenokulahleka okanye ichazwe ngokuphosakeleyo. Le miqobo yonxibelelwano iquka okungaphaya koguqulelo olulula lolwimi oluquka ukwahlukahlukana konxibelelwano olungenamincili, iingcamango zexesha, iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuxubusha imibandela echukumileyo efana nokusetyenziswa kwento.
Ukunganxibelelani kakuhle kunokubangela ukudideka ngosukelo lwenkqubo, ukungaqondani kwemiyalezo yokuthintela, nokusilela ukukuqonda ukubaluleka kolwazi oluqulethwe yinkqubo kubomi babantu ababandakanyekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, unxibelelwano olungafanelekanga ngokwesithethe lungade lubangele ukucaphuka okanye lubangele ukuthelekisa okungakhiyo, luhlasele uluntu olujoliswe kulo.
Ubandakanyeko Oluphantsi Loluntu Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba
Iinkqubo zokukhusela ezingenayo inkcubeko zidla ngokulwa nokufuna ukuthotyelwa nokuzigcina. Amalungu oluntu asenokucinga ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo azinamsebenzi, azihloneli okanye azinantlonelo kumava awo aphilayo. Le ngcamango ikhokelela kwinani eliphantsi lokuthabatha inxaxheba, intlawulo ephezulu, kunye nenkqubo elinganiselweyo efikelela kubantu abajoliswe kubo.
Ingaphantsi kwesiqingatha semibutho iqeqesha abasebenzi bayo kwimiba yemiba enqamlezayo kwaye ingaphantsi kwesithathu enikelwe unyango ngeSpanish, ibalaselisa izithuba ezibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yenkcubeko yentlangano ezichaphazela ufikelelo oluthe ngqo lwenkonzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Umyalezo neSiqulatho Ezingasebenziyo
Imiyalezo yokukhusela eyaveliswa ngaphandle kwegalelo lenkcubeko ingasilela ukuchukumisa abaphulaphuli abajoliswe kubo okanye ingangqubana nemilinganiselo yesithethe neenkolelo. Umzekelo, ukunqanda iindlela ezigxininisa ukuzilawula komntu ngamnye nokwenza izigqibo kusenokungasebenzi kakhulu ekuqokeleleni izithethe ezibeka phambili ingqwalasela yentsapho nentlalo. Ngokufanayo, imiyalezo engahoyi iinyaniso zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezijongene noluntu ezijongene nolwahlulo oluselubalaseleni.
Ucelomngeni lokwahluka kwenkcubeko lubonakala kwinkcubeko nakuzalisekisa uphando, njengoko iinkqubo kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkcubeko nezoluntu ezizodwa zoluntu ngalunye olujoliswe kulo. Oku kulungisa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthintelwa kolwazi kufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko kwaye kufanelekile.
Ukulahlwa Kwezibonelelo Namathuba Aphoswayo
Ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo zokuthintela ngaphandle kobuchule obufanelekileyo bokukhuphisana ngokwenkcubeko kumela ukulahlwa okubalulekileyo koovimba abazizibonelelo abalinganiselweyo. Iinkqubo ezisilela ukubandakanyeka kubemi abajoliswe kubo okanye ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinentsingiselo ezichitha inkxaso-mali, ixesha labasebenzi, kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu ngaphandle kokudlulisela iinzuzo ezigqithisileyo. Oku kwaneliseka kubangelwa yingxaki ngokukodwa yimfuno engakumbi yokuthintelwa okunempumelelo kunye nezibonelelo ezisikelwe phantsi kwezixhobo zokusebenzisa kakubi izixhobo.
Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezingaphumeleliyo zingadala ukugxeka nokuxhathisa imigudu yokuthintela kwixesha elizayo, zikwenze kube nzima ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo ukuzuza ukuthenjwa nokuthabatha inxaxheba kubantu. Oku "kudinwa ngokudinwa" kunokuba neziphumo ezingapheliyo kwimpilo yoluntu.
Ukwahlulwa Kwezinto Ezingalungelelaniyo Empilweni
Mhlawumbi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuthintela ukunqongophala kwenkcubeko kungaqhubekisela phambili kwanokwahlula impilo ekhoyo. Xa iinkonzo zokuthintela zenzelwe abantu abaninzi kwaye zisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuphuculwa kuluntu oluncinane, zisenokusilela ukuchaza izinto ezithile ezinomngcipheko kunye nemiqobo ejongene nezi ntlalo. Oku kuthintela abantu abangakhuselekanga ngaphandle kwenkxaso esebenzayo, nto leyo enegalelo ekuqhubekeni kokwahlukana kwemichiza ekusetyenzisweni kakubi kweziyobisi neziphumo zayo.
Ubuchule bokukhuthaza inkcubeko kwiiNkqubo zokuthintela
Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuthintela iziyobisi ezifanelekileyo kudinga umgudu weqhinga, ukufunda okuqhubekayo, kunye nokusebenzisana ngokunyanisekileyo nabantu abajoliswe kubo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zibonisa iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina zokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko kulo lonke ucwangciso lokukhusela ubomi.
Ukuzibandakanya neenkokeli zoLuntu namalungu
Ukuganana okunentsingiselo kwebutho labantu kungundoqo wokuthintelwa kwezithethe. Ukukhuthaza ukuba abantu babandakanyeke kuzo zonke iinkalo kuquka abo bajoliswe kuko konke ukulungiselela ukuthintela kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zibonakalisa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo, imilinganiselo nemilinganiselo.
Ukuganana koluntu kufuneka kuqale kumaqondo okuqala ocwangciso lwenkqubo kwaye kuqhubeke nako konke ukuphunyezwa nokuxilongwa. Oku kugatywa kungathatha iintlobo ezininzi, kuquka iibhodi zokwazisa uluntu, amaqela ajolise ekuhlaleni, udliwano-ndlebe olungundoqo, kunye neendlela zophando olubalulekileyo. Abanikeli kufuneka bazi abemi abatsha ngokutyelela iimbacu zasekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yabaphambukeli, njengoko abameli bezi manyano benokuchaza imfuneko yokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi phakathi kwee-actraccoms, kwanawa nokunika amacebiso kunye namacebiso okuyila iinkonzo ezithile zenkcubeko.
Ukubotshwa koluntu okusebenzayo kufuna okungaphezulu komelo oluqhelekileyo. Amalungu oluntu kufuneka abe negunya lokwenyaniso lokwenza izigqibo kwaye igalelo lawo kufuneka liyilwe ngendlela eyiyo inkqubo, ukuzalisekisa, kunye nokuvavanya. Le ndlela ibonakalisa amalungu oluntu njengoochwepheshe kumava namasiko awo, kunokuba abe ngamalungu angenamsebenzi ongenelelo oluyilweyo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yeNkcubeko eHlanganisa iNkcubeko
Phambi kokuzalisekisa iinkqubo zokuthintela, imibutho kufuneka iqhube uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwenkcubeko ukuze iqonde iimpawu, iimfuno, amandla, nezinto ezikhethwayo. Olu hlolisiso kufuneka luhlolisise imilinganiselo emininzi yenkcubeko, kuquka iilwimi, iindlela zonxibelelwano, izakhiwo zentsapho, iinkolelo, iinkolelo neendlela zempilo, iingcamango kunye nemisebenzi, iingcamango, amava embali kunye neenkqubo zempilo kunye neenkonzo zoluntu, kunye nobuncwane kunye nezinto zoluntu.
Uphando lwenkcubeko kufuneka lusebenzise iindlela ezininzi zokuqokelela ugcino-lwazi, kuquka uphando lohlolo, udliwano-ndlebe noqwalaselo, imithambo yemaphu yoluntu, kunye nokuhlola ugcino-lwazi noncwadi olukhoyo. Le nkqubo yohlolo kufuneka ibe yeyokuchukumiseka ngokwenkcubeko, isebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nemithetho-siseko yoluntu
Ukubonelela ngeNkcubeko yokuQeqesha
Bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekileyo ekuthinteleni iinkqubo zokukhuphisana kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olubanzi lwenkcubeko. Olu qeqesho kufuneka luqwalasele imigaqo eqhelekileyo yokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko kunye nolwazi olungqalileyo malunga namaqela enkcubeko alungiselelwe yinkqubo. Uqeqesho lumele luquke ubuchule bokwazi iinguqu zobuqu kunye neentelekelelo, ulwazi lwenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, ubuchule bokunxibelelana nomanyano, ukuqonda indlela impembelelo yenkcubeko esetyenziswa ngayo nokufuna uncedo, kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa imigaqo yoncedo lobuqu ngexesha lokugcina ukunyaniseka kwisiseko esingundoqo.
Uqeqesho lwenkcubeko alufanele lube sisiganeko sexesha elinye kodwa endaweni yoko kufuneka kuqhubekeke inkqubo yokufunda nokuphuhlisa. Iintlangano kufuneka zinikeze uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo, amathuba okuba abasebenzi babelane ngamava nocelomngeni, kunye nenkxaso kwinkqubela-phambili yobugcisa kwinkcubeko. Ingaphantsi kwesiqingatha semibutho iqeqesha abasebenzi bayo kwimiba yokunqamleza, ukubonisa indawo efuna ukuphucula
Sebenzisa Izinto Nemiyalezo Ecetyiweyo Esetyenziswa Ngokwenkcubeko
Izinto zokukhusela kunye nemiyalezo kufuneka zilungiswe ngenyameko ukuze zibonise inkcubeko yenkcubeko yabantu abajoliswe kuzo. Olu tshintsho lubandakanya utshintsho lomgangatho kunye notshintsho olunzulu lwesakhiwo. Iinkqubo zotshintsho lwenkcubeko zisuka kwindlela yokwenziwa komphezulu (umz., utshintsho oluncinane kwimifanekiso namagama asetyenziswayo kwizifundo) ukuya kutshintsho olunzulu lwesakhiwo (umz., ukudibanisa amalungu enkqubo yokuthintela kunye nezenzo zenkcubeko).
Utshintsho lolwakhiwo olubonakalayo luquka ukuguqulela izinto kwimiboniso efanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa imifanekiso nemizekelo enxulumene nenkcubeko, ukuquka izicwangciso kunye neemeko eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zifumaneka kubantu abanomgangatho owahlukeneyo wokufunda. Utshintsho lobume obunzulu lubandakanya utshintsho olungundoqo kwinkqubo kunye nokufikelela, njengokubandakanya amaxabiso enkcubeko neenkolelo kwinkqubo, ukusingatha umngcipheko wenkcubeko kunye noonobangela bokukhusela, ukusebenzisa ukufundisa nokufunda ngendlela efanelekileyo, kunye nokulungelelanisa usukelo lwenkqubo kunye nezithethe kunye neenkcubeko zehlabathi.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlaziywa kwenkcubeko esekelwe kubungqina
Ezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zokusebenzisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziquka ukudibanisa inxaxheba kuluntu ekuqhelaneni, uphando olukhoyo noncwadi, kunye/okanye ukubuzana neingcali ukutshintsha unyango olusekelwe kubungqina. Iinkqubo eziliqela ezicwangcisiweyo ziye zaveliswa ukukhokela inkqubo yokutshintsha inkcubeko ngeli lixa kugcinwa ukunyaniseka kumalungu enkqubo esekelwe kubungqina.
Iimodeli zeNkcubeko ezidityaniswe ngokwenkcubeko zeenkqubo zokukhusela ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yobuchule kunye nokuzimela kweNkcubeko kwinkqubo yokutshintsha. Ezi zicwangciso zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho luyinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, ebhalwe kakuhle, kwaye lusekelwe kulwazi lwamasiko nakwinzululwazi yokukhusela.
Isebenzisa iBernal, iBeellido, & iBonilla's (1995) Ifreyimu yokusebenza yesakhelo somlinganiselo osibhozo, ezona ziqheleke zihambelana nolwimi, umongo, umongo, okuqulethweyo, kunye nabantu. Esi sicwangciso sinika indlela ebanzi yokufumana utshintsho lwenkcubeko oluthetha ngemilinganiselo emininzi yobungakanani benkcubeko.
I-Recruit ne-Retain Diff
Iintlangano kufuneka ziququzelele amalungu asebenzayo abonisa iinguqu zenkcubeko neelwimi zabemi abasebenza kuzo. Ngoxa abaxhasi abangaphezu kwama-50% beliqela elincinane lobuhlanga, ama-85% abasebenzi bonyango amhlophe, abalaselisa umsantsa ophawulekayo wemisebenzi ekufuneka ibhekiswe.
Abasebenzi abahlukeneyo bazisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo lwenkcubeko, ubuchule bolwimi, kunye nonxulumano loluntu oluphuhlisa inkqubo yokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko. Bangasebenza njengabachaphazeli benkcubeko, benceda ekuncedeni umahluko phakathi kweendlela zocwangciso kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabantu.
Noko ke, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukuhluka-hluka kwabasebenzi ngokwabo akwanele kwinkcubeko. Bonke abasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo yenkcubeko, bafuna ukuqeqeshwa nokuxhaswa ukuze basebenze ngokunempumelelo kuzo zonke izithethe. Iintlangano kufuneka ziphephe ukubeka ulindelo olungekho ngqiqweni kumalungu amancinane ukuba asebenze njengeengcali zenkcubeko okanye amele amaqela enkcubeko aphela.
Ukusekwa komanyano nemibutho yoluntu
Ukusebenzisana nemibutho yoluntu ethembekileyo kungaphuhlisa ngokuphawulekayo inkqubo yokukhuphisana nokufikelela. Iintlangano ezisekelwe kuluntu zidla ngokumisela ulwalamano, ukuthenjwa, nolwazi lwenkcubeko olunokungenelela kwimigudu yokuthintela. Olu manyano lunganceda ungenelelo lwenkqubo, lunikezele uphando lwenkcubeko, lunikele iindawo zokunikezelwa kwenkqubo, luncedise ekufumaneni intsebenziswano nokuzibhokoxa, lubonelele ngempumelelo yenkcubeko.
Unxulumano olusebenzayo lwakhelwe kwintlonelo, kwiinjongo zokwabelana, nakukusasazwa okulinganayo kobuncwane kunye negunya lokwenza izigqibo. Imibutho yokukhusela kufuneka izichithe ixesha ekwakheni ulwalamano olufanelekileyo namaqabane oluntu, ukuqonda izinto eziza kuqala kunye nemiqathango yawo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba unxulumano luyingenelo kuwo onke amacandelo abandakanyekileyo.
Iilwimi zedilesi kunye nezithintelo zokufunda
Ukufikelela kolwimi luyinxalenye esisiseko yenkxwaleko yenkcubeko. Abanikeli bangacinga ngokumisela amaqela onyango ngolwimi lomthonyama lwabaphambukeli, njengoko kufunyaniswe ukuba amaqela olwimi lweSpanish kuphela aluncedo kulutsha olufike kutshanje oluthetha isiSpanish/isiLatino. Iinkqubo kufuneka zinikezele ngezinto neenkonzo ngeelwimi ezithethwa ngabantu abajoliswe kubo, kusetyenziswa uguqulelo lobugcisa neenkonzo zokutolika kunokuba kuxhomekeke kumalungu entsapho okanye abasebenzi abafunde ilwimi ezimbini.
Ngaphandle koguqulelo lolwimi, iinkqubo kufuneka zichaze ukuba izinto zibhalwe ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokufunda, kusetyenziswa ulwimi olulula, kubandakanya izinto eziluncedo, kunye nokunika amathuba okusebenzisana nokucaciswa. Iinkqubo kufuneka ziqonde ukuba amanqanaba okufunda nokubhala ayahluka ngokwamaqela nangamaqela enkcubeko kwaye kufuneka anike iifomati ezininzi zokufikelela ulwazi.
Ukhuthuzo lwenkcubeko olungenaziphene kwimibutho
Inkcubeko yokukhuphisana yenkcubeko kufuneka ifakwe kuyo yonke imigaqo-nkqubo yentlangano, iinkqubo, kunye nezenzo, ezingaphathwa njengenyathelo lokuqala elikhethekileyo. Oku kudibana kuquka ukudibanisa inkcubeko nenkcubeko kwimisebenzi kunye neengxelo zokuthelekisa iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko, ukuseka imilinganiselo yentlangano yokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko ngokwenkcubeko, kuquka ukukhuphisana kwenkcubeko kwinkcazelo kunye novavanyo lobuchule bemisebenzi, ukuqokelela ubuncwane obaneleyo bokukhuphisana, ukuqokelela nokuhlalutyanisa nokuhlalutya kwiinkcubeko zenkcubeko, nokuvavanya rhoqo imimandla yenkcubeko eluncedo.
Imbopheleleko yentlangano yokukhuphisana ngokwenkcubeko kufuneka ibonakale kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukusuka kukhokelo ukuya kutsho kwiqela eliphambili. Iinkokeli zifanele zixelise indlela yokuziphatha efanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko, zibeke inkcubeko kwindawo yokuqala ekucetyweni kwenkcubeko, kwaye zigcine intlangano ibeke ityala lokufikelela usukelo lokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko.
Iimodeli zokuhlaziywa kwenkcubeko kunye nemisebenzi yesakhelo
Imizekelo emininzi esekelwe kubungqina kunye nezicwangciso zesakhiwo ziphuhlisiwe ukukhokela utshintsho lwenkcubeko kwiinkqubo zokuthintela. Ezi zicwangciso zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho lulungiselelwe, lusekelwe ngokwengcamango, kwaye lugcine ukuthembeka kwimigaqo yenkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo ngoxa lukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwenkcubeko.
Imodeli Yokusebenza Kwamandla Endalo
IModeli ye-Ecological Istificity Mode, eyaveliswa nguBernal kunye nabantu asebenza nabo, ichaza amacala asibhozo apho ungenelelo lunokuhlaziywa ngokwesithethe: ulwimi (ukusebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo neengcamango), abantu (abasebenzisa abasebenzi nabathathi-nxaxheba kwiimeko zenkcubeko), izifaniso (ukusebenzisa iimpawu nengqiqo ezifanelekileyo), umxholo (ukudityaniswa kwamaxabiso nezithethe), iingcamango (ukwaneenjongo ezihambelana namaxabiso enkcubeko), iinjongo (ukulungelelatha okune neenkcacitho eziqhelekileyo), iindlela (ungenelo oluqhelekileyo olufanelekileyo), kunye nomomo (ulwandiliseko lwemeko ezibanzi nezoqoqoko).
Esi sakhiwo sibanzi siqinisekisa ukuba ulwamkelo lwenkcubeko luthetha ngemigangatho emininzi yoyilo lwenkqubo kunye nokuzalisekisa, ukusuka kutshintsho lomgangatho wangaphandle ukuya kutshintsho lokwakhiwa olunzulu oluhambelana nenkcubeko yehlabathi kunye namaxabiso.
Imodeli Yokuva Izithethe
Imodeli yeNkcubeko yokwahlula phakathi kwesakhiwo somphandle kunye notshintsho olunzulu lwenkcubeko. Utshintsho lwesakhiwo esisemgangathweni lubandakanya izinto ezihambelana nongenelelo kunye nemiyalezo kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo zabemi abajoliswe kuzo, njengolwimi, ukutya, iindawo, kunye nempahla. Ngelixesha kubalulekile ekudibaniseni kokuqala, ugcino-lwazi lwangaphandle lomgangatho kuphela alwanelanga ukuphumelela kwinkqubo.
Utshintsho olunzulu lwesakhiwo luthetha ngendlela izithethe, intlalo, ingqondo, imekobume nembali ezichaphazela ngayo indlela yokuziphatha. Olu tshintsho lufuna uluvo lwezithethe, iinkolelo, nendlela ezibunjwa ngayo izinto ezisebenzisa ngayo isimilo nendlela yokuzilungisa xa kuthintelwa imiyalezo. Ukutshintsha isakhiwo kuyalucelomngeni ekusebenziseni imigaqo yokuziphatha kodwa kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe iinguqulelo ezinenjongo.
Imodeli YeADAPT
Imodeli ye-ADAPT inika inyathelo lenkqubo lokulungisa ungenelelo olusekelwe kubungqina kubemi abatsha. I-acrinym imela i-Assession (ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nabantu abajoliswe kubo), isigqibo (ukhetho longenelelo lokusebenzisa utshintsho), uLawulo (ukulungiselela ugcino-lwazi oluthelekelelwayo), imveliso (ulwamkelo lokungena), iNgcali zentloko-lwazi (ukudibanisa okuqulathiweyo kunye nengcungela yenkcubeko), uqeqesho (ukwahlula abasebenzi ukudlulisela ungenelelo), kunye nokuvavanya).
Le ndlela icwangcisiweyo inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho luyi-data eqhutywayo, ibandakanya abafaki tyala abafanelekileyo, kwaye igcina ukuthembeka kwimiqathango yongenelelo lo gama ikhuthaza ukulingana kwenkcubeko.
Indlela yophando olusekelwe kuluntu
Amaqela ophando asebenzisa imizekelo elungelelanisayo kwizithethe zobungqina obusekelwe kwinkcubeko kwaye adla ngokusebenzisa amalungu ophando olusekelwe kuluntu.
Xa kusenziwa utshintsho kwinkcubeko, i-CBPR iqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi loluntu nezinto eziza kuqala zibumba inkqubo yokuqhelaniswa. Abasebenzi boluntu banegalelo kubuchule bezithethe, indlela yonxibelelwano, amandla oluntu kunye neengxaki, kunye namaqhinga afanelekileyo okuganana. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho ukulungelelana koluntu nokuzinziswa kongenelelo oluzinzileyo.
Ukuqwalaselwa Ngokukhethekileyo Kwabemi Abathile
Ngoxa imigaqo eqhelekileyo yesithethe isebenza kubantu abahlukahlukeneyo, amaqela ahlukahlukeneyo enkcubeko aneempawu, amava neemfuno ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokungqalileyo ekuthinteleni iinkqubo.
Ummi waseSpayin/ eLatino
Uluntu lwe-Hispanic/laneo lumela abantu abahlukeneyo abanamazwe asuka kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo, amava okufuduka, imigangatho yokwahluka, kunye nezithethe. Iinkqubo zokukhusela ezisetyenziswa kula maqela kufuneka ziqwalasele ukubaluleka kwentsapho (i-fimilismo), intlonelo (repeto), kunye nolwalamano lobuqu (abantu) kwizithethe ze-Spayinictic/Latino. Iinkqubo kufuneka ziphinde zicombulule uxinzelelo lolwando, imiqobo yolwimi, imibandela enxulumene nokufuduka, kunye nendima yabaphilisi besithethe kunye nemisebenzi yokomoya.
Abaququzeleli benkcubeko okanye bentlalo babonisa ukuba abantu baseLatinx abanenkcubeko ephakamileyo, abanobufazi, okanye abacalucalulo olusisiseko baphucula ngakumbi kwindlela yonyango esekelwe kwizithethe, nto leyo ebalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuthetha ngezinto ezingokwenkcubeko ekuthinteleni iinkqubo.
Abemi baseMerika
Iinkqubo zokukhusela abantu base-Afrika abasebenza kwimimandla yeMerika kufuneka zivume impembelelo yezenzo ezimandundu, ubuhlanga, nocalucalulo oluqhubekayo kwimpilo nakwintlalo-ntle. Iinkqubo kufuneka zakhele kwimibutho yoluntu, kuquka iinkqubo ezinamandla zentsapho, izithethe zonqulo nezezenkcubeko, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nenkqubano. Ukulungisa ukungathembana kwenkcubeko yempilo neenkonzo zentlalo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuganana nokuzigcina ukuzimisela.
Iinkqubo kufuneka ziqwalasele ukwahluka-hluka kwemibutho yaseAfrika, kuquka ukwahluka okusekelwe kummandla wengingqi, imeko yentlalo, nemeko yezoqoqosho, kunye nokufuduka (umz., abaphambukeli baseAfrika kunye ne-Amerika yase-U.S.
AmaIndiya AseMerika NawaseAlaska
Imimandla yamaIndiya aseMerika nawaseAlaska aye ahlelwa ngamashwangusha anzulu embali, kuquka ukususwa, ukunyanzelwa kwezithethe, kunye nemigudu ecwangcisiweyo yokutshabalalisa iindlela zobomi. La mava aye anegalelo kwicandelo elikhulu lempilo, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Iinkqubo zokuthintela imbali nemiphumo yayo eqhubekayo.
Ukuthintelwa okufanelekileyo kwezithethe kuluntu lwamaIndiya kufuneka kuquke izithethe zokuphilisa, zibandakanya abadala besizwe neenkokeli, zihlonele ulawulo lwesizwe kunye nokuzigqibelela, zithethe ngengozi phakathi kwenzala, zize zakhele kwizinto ezintle nezokukhusela. Iinkqubo kufuneka ziqonde ukwahlukahlukana kwezizwe zamaIndiya nezizwe, nganye kwiilwimi, izithethe, nezithethe.
Imimandla yaseAsia nePasifiki
Kukho imigudu engakumbi yokuzikhusela neyobungqina obufunekayo kubemi abakwishumi elivisayo baseAsia, ePasifiki naseAsia nabasePasifiki abahlala kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka amaqela ahlukahlukeneyo eentlanga athetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, athetha ngembali zabantu abafudukayo nabenza izithethe.
Iinkqubo zokukhusela izithethe ezifana nokuqokelela, imbeko yentsapho, ukuhlonela igunya, nokugxininisa kwimfundo. Iinkqubo kufuneka ziphinde zicombulule iingxaki ezikhethekileyo ezijamelene nezi ntlalo, kuquka "imodeli yeqaqo-kancinci" ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ulwimi kunye nemiqobo yokuzalana, ukungqubana kwesizukulwana, kunye nehlazo elinxulumene neengxaki zempilo yengqondo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Abemi Abafudukayo Nababaleki
Imimandla yabaphambukeli neembacu ijongene neengxaki ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nokukhula kweentsapho, imiqobo yolwimi, ukuchanabeka kwintlungu, ukwahlukana kwentsapho nokungaqiniseki ngokomthetho. Iinkqubo zokukhusela iintsapho zifanele zibe ziinkonzo ezifanelekileyo ngokweelwimi, zicombulule uxinezeleko nokungqubana kwenzala, ziqonde unxunguphalo nemiphumo yalo, zinxibelelane neentsapho nezinto eziyimfuneko nenkxaso, zize zibangele iindawo ezikhuselekileyo, ezihlala kuzo ezihlonela izithethe.
Iinkqubo zifanele zixhalabele ukugcinwa kwemithetho eyimfihlo nokuthunyelwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, ziqinisekisa ukuba ukuba ukuba nenxaxheba kwiinkonzo zokuthintela akuzifaki ziintsapho engozini.
LGBTQ+ Iziko
LGBTQ+ abantu basengozini yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ngenxa yoxinezeleko oluncinane, ucalulo, ukwaliwa kwentsapho, nezinye izinto. Ubuchule benkcubeko bubandakanya ukukhumbula zonke iindawo zabafundi abakhethekileyo njengabafundi bemibala kunye nabafundi kwiLGBTQIA. Iinkqubo zokukhusela kufuneka ziphuhlise, ukuva inkcitho edibeneyo kunye nocalucalulo oluncinane, ukunikezela imfundo malunga neLGBTQ+SCH, ukudibanisa ulutsha nobuncwane kunye neemodeli ezixhasayo, kwaye zibandakanya amalungu ebutho loluntu ekucwangcisweni nasekuthwaleni.
Iinkqubo zifanele ziqonde ukudibana kweLGBTQ+ neempawu zezithethe, ezifana nohlanga, uhlanga nonqulo, zize zicombulule iingxaki ezikhethekileyo ezijamelene nabantu abaneempawu ezininzi.
Ukuzalisekisa inkcubeko yenkcubeko: Amanyathelo asebenzisekayo
Ukutshintsha imigaqo yesithethe kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuthintela.
Ukuvavanya Ukhuthuzo lweNkcubeko
Imibutho kufuneka iqale ngokuhlola umgangatho wayo wangoku wokhuphiswano lwenkcubeko kwiindawo ezininzi. Olu hlolisiso kufuneka luhlolisise iinkqubo zentlangano kunye neenkqubo, ukwenziwa nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ubudlelane boluntu kunye nokuganana, izixhobo zocwangciso kunye nokungena, ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi, kunye nokusingqongileyo nokufumaneka.
Izixhobo kunye nezicwangciso ezikhoyo zokukhokela le nkqubo, kuquka iMigangatho yeSizwe yeNkcubeko neMigangatho eHlanganisiweyo (CLAS) kwiSebe lezeMpilo nezoMgangatho. Olu hlolo kufuneka luquke igalelo elisuka kubagcini-mathiriyeli abaninzi, kuquka abasebenzi, amaqabane oluntu, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo.
Ukuvelisa Isicwangciso Sokukhuphisana Ngezithethe
ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlolo, imibutho kufuneka ivelise isicwangciso esibanzi sokukhuthaza ukukhuphisana kwenkcubeko. Esi sicwangciso kufuneka siquke iinjongo ezikhethekileyo, ezinokuthelekelelwa, iindlela zokufikelela usukelo, ii-arhente zexesha kunye namaqela ajongene noxanduva, iimfuno zovimba, kunye neendlela zokuhlola inkqubela
Isicwangciso senyathelo kufuneka sicombulule izinto eziza kuqala kwangoko kunye neenjongo zophuhliso lwexesha elide lentlangano. Kufuneka zihlolisiswe ze zihlaziywe rhoqo ukubonisa iimfuno ezitshintshayo zoluntu kunye nobuchule bokulungelelanisa.
Ubuchule bokwakha
Ukuveliswa kwenkqubela yabasebenzi kubalulekile kwinkcubeko yenkcubeko. Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela uqeqesho lokuqala nolwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo, ukuxhasa abasebenzi abaya kwiinkomfa nakwiindawo zoshishino, ukukhuthaza izifundo zoontanga nokunxibelelana, ukubonelela ngenkcubeko neliso lesithethe, nokuvelisa amathuba okubandakanyeka kuluntu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwakhona iintsapho zifanele zifumane inkxaso kuba abasebenzi baziva bekhululekile ukuxubusha ngemibandela yesithethe, ukubuza imibuzo nokuvuma iindawo ekuyimfuneko ukuba bafunde baze bakhule kuzo.
Ukulungisa Izinto Zenkqubo Nendlela Yokufikelela
Utshintsho olunempumelelo lwenkcubeko lugcina iziqalelo zendalo zingatshintshi, lo gama zidibanisa iinxalenye zenkcubeko kunye nokutshintsha ukuqondwa, ukuchazwa nokulaliswa kwaloo malungu angundoqo, ngophando olubonisa ukuba indlela ephumelelayo yokulungisa inkcubeko engundoqo yabemi abajoliswe kubo, kunokuba iguqule iinguqu nje ezithe ngqo kulwimi okanye kwimifanekiso ebonakalayo.
Iintlangano kufuneka ziqwalasele kwaye zilungelelanise izixhobo zenkqubo kunye nokusebenzisa iziseko ezisekelwe kubungqina bokuhambelana. Le nkqubo kufuneka ibandakanya igalelo loluntu, uvavanyo lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo okusekelwe kwimpendulo yombuzo kunye novavanyo lwe-data.
Ukusekwa kweebhodi zobuGcisa boLuntu
Iibhodi zoluntu zinika ukhokelo oluqhubekayo nokukhuphisana kwinkqubo yenkcubeko. Ezi bhodi kufuneka ziquke amalungu ahlukahlukeneyo oluntu amela abantu abakhokelwa ziinkqubo zokuthintela. Amalungu ebhodi anganika uxilongo lwenkcubeko, izinto zokufunda, ancedise ekufumaneni intsebenziswano kunye nokubophelelana, anikezele ingxelo ekuzalisekisweni kwenkqubo, aze ancede ukucacisa oko kufunyaniswe kuko.
Iintlangano kufuneka zinikezele imbuyekezo nenkxaso efanelekileyo kumalungu ebhodi yokwalathisa, ziqonda ubuchule obubalulekileyo kunye nexesha ezinikela ngalo.
Ukuqokelelwa nokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi lweNkcubeko
Imibutho kufuneka iqokelele ngokucwangcisiweyo iinkcukacha ngenkcubeko neempawu zolwimi, kuquka ubuhlanga, ulwimi oluphambili, ilizwe elivela kulo, indawo yokufuduka, nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nenkcubeko. Le nkcazelo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuqwalasela iinkqubo ezifikelelwa nokudityaniswa kwamaqela ahlukeneyo, ukuchaza ukwahluka kolwazi olukhoyo ekufikeleleni nasekufikeleleni kunye neziphumo, ukulungelelanise inkqubo yokukhokela nokuphuculwa, kwaye ibonise ukuphendula kwiimali kunye namaqela abantu.
Iindlela zoqokelelo logcino-lwazi kufuneka zibe nenkcubeko kwaye zikhusele imfihlo ekhoyo, ingakumbi kubemi abasengozini.
Iziphumo ezikhutshiweyo zenkcubeko nenkqubo
Uvavanyo lubalulekile ekuboneni enoba imigudu yokukhuphisana ngokwesithethe iyayifikelela na injongo yayo kunye nokuchonga iindawo ekunokuphuculwa kuzo.
Uvavanyo lolungiselelo
Uvavanyo lwenkqubo luhlola ukuphunyezwa kwemibutho yenkcubeko kwaye kufuneka kuvavanywe ukuba ingakanani na imisebenzi yenkcubeko ecwangcisiweyo ephunyezweyo, ukuphunyezwa komsebenzi, imiqobo kunye nabaququzeleli bokuzalisekisa, iimbono zokhuphiswano lwenkcubeko, kunye nokufikelela nokubizelwa kwabemi abahlukahlukeneyo.
I-DCAS iyakwazi ukuqokelela ulwazi oluvavanya inkqubo ngophando nodliwano-ndlebe lwabasebenzi, ingxelo yamaqabane oluntu, uphando lolwaneliseko, ujongo lweenkqubo, kunye nokuhlolisiswa kweerekhodi zenkqubo namaxwebhu.
Uvavanyo lwesiphumo
Uvavanyo lwemali efunyenweyo luhlola ukuba imigudu yokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko inegalelo kuphucuko oluphucukileyo lwenkqubo. Olu hlolisiso kufuneka luvavanye ukubandakanyeka kwenkqubo kunye nokuzigcina zingeniswa kwemilinganiselo yomgangatho enqamleza amaqela enkcubeko ahlukeneyo, utshintsho kulwazi, isimo sengqondo, kunye nezenzo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ulwandiso-mali, kunye neminye imiphumo enxulumene nempilo kunye nentlalo.
I-data efunyenweyo kufuneka isuswe liqela lenkcubeko ukuchaza ukuba iinkqubo zisebenza ngokulinganayo kuphi na kubemi okanye enoba ziyahlala zikho. Uhlalutyo oluxutyiweyo lutyhile ukuba ulutsha lwasemaphandleni olufumana ingxubusho yenkcubeko/yokufundisa okuqhelekileyo okuchazwe ngokucacileyo kuncinane kunokusetyenziswa kwecuba lolutsha lwasemaphandleni kwimeko yolawulo kungakhathaliseki ukuba lungaphi, lubonisa ixabiso lovavanyo olungqongqo lweziphumo.
Uhlolo olunenxaxheba
Uvavanyo oluthathelwe ingqalelo lubandakanya amalungu oluntu kuzo zonke iinkalo zokuhlola, ukusuka ekucwangcisweni ukuya ekuqokelelweni kogcino-lwazi ukuya ekutolikeni nasekusasazeni. Ezi ndlela ziqinisekisa ukuba ukuhlolwa kwemibuzo kunye neendlela kufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko kwaye oko kufunyenweyo kunentsingiselo kwaye kuluncedo kubantu. Uvavanyo lwentsebenziswano lwakha nobuchule boluntu bokuqwalasela inkqubo eqhubekayo nokuphucula.
Ukoyisa Izithintelo Ekukhuphiseni Izithethe
Nangona isanda isibakala sokuba inkcubeko ibalulekile, imibutho emininzi ijamelana nemiqobo ebangela ukuba kusetyenziswe iinkqubo zokuthintela inkcubeko.
Oovimba abalinganiselweyo
Ukuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko kufuna izinto, kuquka ixesha labasebenzi, iindleko zoqeqesho, iinkonzo zokuguqulela nokutolika, kunye nemisebenzi yokuzibophelela yoluntu. Imibutho emininzi yokuthintela isebenza ngoqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo kwaye isenokuzama ukunikezela ngezixhobo zokukhuphisana ngenkcubeko.
Imiqathango yoovimba ingathetha ngokufuna inkxaso-mali enikezelweyo yokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko, idibanisa ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko kwimisebenzi ekhoyo kunokuba iqwalaselwe njengeyongezelelo, intsebenziswano exhathisayo nemibutho yoluntu, nokukhuthaza ukukhuphisana korhwebo lwenkcubeko olusekelwe ekujolisweni kweemfuno ezinkulu nakumathuba.
Ukungabi Nalwazi Namakhono
Iingcali ezininzi zokuthintela zinokufumana uqeqesho olulinganiselweyo kwinkcubeko yenkcubeko yaye zisenokungaqiniseki ngendlela yokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zenkcubeko. Olu lwazi lungakhokelela kwixhala, ekuphepheni, okanye ekuzalisekiseni ukuqhelaniswa okungeyonjongo okungaluphuculi ngokunentsingiselo ucwangciso.
Iintlangano zinokuwucombulula lo mqobo ngokuqeqesha abasebenzi abaninzi, ngokufumana unyango lwenkcubeko noncedo lobugcisa, amathuba okufunda nokunceda oontanga, nangokudala ibutho elixhasayo elikhuthaza ukufunda nokukhula.
Ukunganyaniseki Nokuzivumelanisa Nezinto
Ucelomngeni olujongene nophuhliso longenelelo lwenkcubeko luquka imfuneko yophando olongezelelekileyo ukufumanisa ukuba luluphi unyango olusekelwe kubungqina olufuna ulungelelwaniso, uxanduva lokugcina ulungelelwano phakathi kokuthembeka nokuqhelaniswa, kunye nocelomngeni lokungena kwiqela lamaqela ahlukeneyo.
Iingcali zokukhusela zingaxhalatyiswa kukuba ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kubungqina kuza kuphazamisana nokusebenza kwazo. Le ngxaki ifanelekile, njengokuba uphando lubonise ukuba ukugcina ukunyaniseka kwinxalenye yenkqubo engundoqo kubalulekile ekufikeleleni iziphumo ezicetyiweyo. Noko ke, uphando lubonise ukuba ukutshintsha izithethe kungayiphucula inkqubo ngaphandle kokuncama ukuthembeka.
Isitshixo kukwahlula phakathi kwamalungu angundoqo afuneka agcinwe kwaye alungiswe. Iisethi ezilungelelanisiweyo zolwakhiwo zinceda ukukhokela le nkqubo kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba utshintsho luphucula kunokuba lunciphise ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
Iqela Elingafaniyo
Amaqela enkcubeko akakho ngohlobo olunye, kwaye iinguqu eziphawulekayo zikho kulo naluphi na udidi lwenkcubeko. Abantu bayahluka ngokwemigangatho yabo yokukhula, imeko yentlalo, yemfundo, indawo, nezinye izinto ezininzi eziphembelela amava neemfuno zabo. Olu mahluko lunokwenza kube lucelomngeni ukuvelisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko kuwo onke amalungu abezixhoba.
Imibutho ingathetha ngezahluka-hlukeneyo ngokuphepha umahluko oqhelekileyo nokuqonda umahluko womntu ngamnye, ivavanya iimpawu nezinto azikhethayo, inike ucwangciso oluthambileyo lwenkqubo olunokuxoleleka kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye, kunye namalungu ahlukahlukeneyo oluntu ekucebeni nasekuzalisekiseni inkqubo.
Ukuxhathisa Intlangano
Ezinye iintlangano zingayixhathisa imigudu yokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko ngenxa yokukhuphisana, ukungaqiniseki ngokubaluleka kwezinto zenkcubeko, ukungakuthandi ukuphendula kwimibandela yesizwe nenkxalabo yenkcubeko, okanye ukuxhalabela ubuncwane obufunekayo. Oku kungabonakala njengokungabi nankxaso yabunkokeli, ukungahlawulwa kakuhle kwezibonelelo, okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokungeyo ncam kwamanyathelo okukhuphisana ngezithethe.
Ukuze woyise ukuxhathisa kwentlangano kufuneka ukuzinikela ngamandla ekukhokeleni, unxibelelwano olucacileyo ngengqiqo neengenelo zokukhuphisana kwezithethe, ukubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi ekucebeni nasekuzalisekiseni, ukubonakaliswa kwemiphumo emihle, nokuzingisa xa kuvavanywa iingxaki.
Ikamva Lemibutho Yenkcubeko Yokukhusela Iziyobisi
Njengoko abantu beqhubeka betshintshatshintshana kwaye ukuqonda kwethu izinto ezingokwenkcubeko ezisempilweni zikhula, uthintelo lweziyobisi kufuneka luqhubeke luzivelela. Izinto ezininzi ezivelayo neziza kuqala ziya kuguqula ikamva lokhuphiswano lwenkcubeko ekuthinteleni iinkqubo.
Ukusuka Kwinkcubeko Engakhuthazi Ukuthobeka
Abanye abaphengululi kunye noogqirha baye bayicela ingcamango yokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko, bephikisa ngelithi ithetha isiphelo okanye ulawulo olungafikelelekiyo okanye olunganqwenelekiyo. Endaweni yoko baxhasa ukuthobeka kwenkcubeko, okugxininisa ukuzikhetha okuqhubekayo, ukungazinzi kwamandla, nokuzibophelela kwimfundo engapheliyo. Ukuthobeka kwenkcubeko kuyavuma ukuba asinakuze siwaqonde ngokupheleleyo amava omntu othile kwaye kufuneka sifikelele umsebenzi owenzelwe ukukhulula indalo, ngeluvo, nangentlonelo.
Kunokugxininisa ekufumaneni ulwazi nobuchule obuzinzileyo, ukuthobeka kwesithethe kugxininisa kwinkqubo yokufunda, ukubaluleka kolwalamano nemfuneko yokusoloko ucinga nokukhula.
Ukuthetha Nocalucalulo Olukhoyo Neziphendu Zempilo
Kukho ukuqashelwa okukhulayo kokuba ukukhuphisana kwenkcubeko yomgangatho womntu ngamnye, nangona kubalulekile, akwanele ukuhlangabezana nokwahlukahlukana kwempilo okusekelwe kwizakhiwo zobuhlanga kunye neemeko zentlalo ezingalinganiyo. Imigudu yokuthintelwa kwixesha elizayo kufuneka ithethe nabathinteli-mpilo abagqithisileyo, kuquka ubuhlwempu, ucalucalulo, ukungoneliseki kwemfundo, ukungalungelelani kwezindlu, nokungabi nandlela yokufumana unyango.
Le nkcazelo yandisiweyo ifuna iinkqubo zokuthintela ukulawulwa kweziyobisi, ukutshintsha kwemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nemisebenzi yophuhliso loluntu ethetha ngeziphumo eziziingcambu zokwahluka kwezempilo.
Ubuxhakaxhaka obuthe tye bokukhusela inkcubeko
Ubugcisa bunika amathuba amatsha okuhambisa iinkqubo zokuthintela ezingokwenkcubeko. Amaqonga amanani anganikela ukuthintelwa komxholo ngeelwimi ezininzi, avumele ukuthunga okusekelwe kwizithethe, ukufikelela kubemi abasasazekileyo belizwe, nokunika abantu abaxhalabele ukuhlazeka.
Noko ke, ubugcisa bukwanika imingeni, kuquka ulwahlulo lwamanani oluthintela ukufikelela kwezinye iindawo, imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezikumanani zifanelekile ngokwesithethe, nokubaluleka kokulondoloza unxibelelwano noncedo lwabantu. Imigudu yokuzikhusela kwixesha elizayo kufuneka idibane ngobuchule obuthile ngoxa ihlangabezana nezi ngxaki.
Ukwandisa Ubungqina
Ngeli xesha uphando oluphathelele iinkqubo zokuthintela ezilungiselelwe ngokwenkcubeko luye lwakhula kakhulu, izithuba ezibalulekileyo zishiyekile. Uphando oluninzi luyafuneka kwindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthintela abemi abangaphantsi kwe-indawo, iindlela ezithile ezithi ngazo utshintsho lwenkcubeko luphucule ubuchule, ukulungelelanisa okufanelekileyo phakathi kokuthembeka nokuhambelana, impumelelo yexabiso yeenkqubo ezilungiselelwe ngokwenkcubeko, nokuzinziswa kongenelelo oluzinzileyo lwenkcubeko.
Uphando lwexesha elizayo lufanele lusebenzise imiyili engqongqo, luquka abantu abahlukahlukeneyo, luhlolisise zombini iinkqubo kunye neziphumo, luquka amaqabane asekuhlaleni kuzo zonke iinkalo zophando.
Ubuchule Bomsebenzi Womsebenzi
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abathintelayo banolwazi, ubuchule, kunye nokuzimisela ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zenkcubeko kufuna ingqalelo kwimfundo yobugcisa noqeqesho. Iinkqubo zokulungiselela ukunqanda ingxubusho-mali yenkcubeko kufuneka zidibanise ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko kuzo zonke izifundo, zinike amathuba amava okucaphula nokucamngca, ukufunjanisa nokuxhasa abafundi abahlukahlukeneyo, kunye nezenzo zenkcubeko ezibonisa ukusabela.
Imibutho yoogqirha ifanele imisele imilinganiselo ekhuphisanayo yenkcubeko, inike amathuba okuqhubeka emfundo, iqonde ize ivuze inkcubeko ephezulu, ize ikhuthaze imigaqo exhasa ukufaneleka kwezithethe.
Isiphumo: Ukungaqhubeki Kwenkcubeko
Ukukhuphisana kwenkcubeko akuyonto ingokhetho kwinkqubo yokuthintela iziyobisi, yimfanelo eyimfuneko. Njengoko abantu bethu besiya behlukahluka, iinkqubo zokuthintela kufuneka ziguquke ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabo bonke abantu. Ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko luyingcamango ebalulekileyo yokudibanisa umsebenzi wokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi baziva bemkelekile yaye besekhaya, kwaye kufuneka baphothwe kuzo zonke iindlela zokukhusela izakhiwo.
Ubungqina bucacile: iinkqubo zokuthintela ezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko ziphumelela kakhulu kunendlela enye yomgangatho ophezulu. Zibandakanya uluntu ngempumelelo engakumbi, zakha ukuthembana okunamandla, zidlulisela isigidimi esinxulumene neziphumo ezingcono. Ngokudibanisa ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko kwinkalo nganye yoyilo lwenkqubo, ukuzalisekisa, kunye novavanyo, oogqirha bangadala amanyathelo okuthintela anceda ngokwenene onke amalungu oluntu.
Ukufikelela ukhuphiswano lwenkcubeko kufuna ukuzibophelela, ubuncwane, nomgudu oqhubekayo. Kufuna ukuba imibutho nabantu ngabanye babandakanyeke kukhetho lwabo lokunyaniseka, bavume iindawo ekufuneka bakhule kuzo, baze baqhubeke befunda. Kufuna ukwakha ubudlelane obuyinyaniso nabantu abahlala kunye, ukwabelana ngegunya nokwenza izigqibo, kunye nokubeka izimvo zoluntu nezinto eziza kuqala.
Uhambo oluya kukhuphisana ngokwesithethe luyaqhubeka .Ayikho indawo yokugqibela okanye indawo yokulawula. Iimeko zenkcubeko ziyaguquka, iinguqu, kwaye ukuqonda kwethu kuyakhula. Into ebalulekileyo kukuzibophelela kuhambo ngokwalo: ukukulungela ukufunda, ukuphulaphula, ukuqhelanisa, nokuqhubeka uzama ukulungiselela iinkonzo zokukhusela ezinika imbeko nokunceda onke amalungu eendawo zethu ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ngokwamkela ukukhuphisana kwenkcubeko njengexabiso elingundoqo nokuqhelisela, ibala lokukhusela iziyobisi lingasebenzela kwinjongo yalo epheleleyo: abantu abahlala bephilile apho bonke abantu befumana ithuba lokuphumelela, bengenazo iingozi zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Le mbono iyafumaneka, kodwa kuphela ukuba sizinikele ekwenzeni umsebenzi onzima wokukhuphisana kwenkcubeko.
Ulwazi olungakumbi lokuzalisekisa iinkqubo zokuthintela ezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko, tyelela i-ofisi yoLawulo lwezigulo zempilo yezempilo nezonyango lweMental Unyango lokuLungisa iProtocoko ekuphuculeni iNkcubeko, uphando lwezibonelelo ezisuka ku ukwenzela ulawulo lwezifo kunye nothintelo lwe-Oficity ye-Health Office , okanye jonga kumaziko e-[FLT:] e-Camplus Constivetion yeziyobisi sycritive [[ ukwenzela ubuchule kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-zixhobo.