I-Civic bracy ikwisiseko soluntu oluphilileyo, olusebenza ngedemokhrasi. Ihamba ingaphaya kokuqonda okulula kweenkqubo zikarhulumente; lulwazi olubanzi, ubuchule, kunye neemeko ezenza abemi bakwazi ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekulungiseni abantu, bagcine iinkokeli zabo zinobutyala, kwaye bakhusele iimbono zedemokhrasi ezixhasa uhlanga lwabo. Kwixesha elichazwa ngokuqukuqela kolwazi olukhawulezileyo, ukuhla kobupolitika, kunye nocelomngeni oluntsonko lwentlalo, imfuneko yoluntu olufundekayo oluchuliweyo olungazange lube nento engxamisekileyo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukumila kokuzinziwa koluntu olunolwazi oluzinzileyo, indima yalo olubalulekileyo kwidemokhrasi, imingeni, kunye nendlela yokulomeleza izizukulwana ezizayo.

Yintoni Ukubhala Ngezigqibo?

Ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kubuchule bokuqonda nokubandakanyeka ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yokuzilawula. Asikokukhumbula nje ukubuyiselwa kwamasebe karhulumente okanye komGaqo-siseko; lulwazi olusebenzisekayo, olusetyenziswayo olunika abantu amandla okuqhuba imimandla yentlalo. Embilinini, ukufunda intlalo-ntle kuquka:

  • Ukwazi ukwakhiwa koRhulumente nemisebenzi: Ukuqonda indlela oorhulumente bengingqi, borhulumente noorhulumente borhulumente abasebenza ngayo, kuquka ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, ukujonga kunye nokulungelelana, kunye nendima yejaji.
  • [[NTL:0] Ilungelo kunye neembopheleleko: Ukuqondwa okucacileyo kwamalungelo asisiseko akhuselwe ngumthetho (umz., inkululeko yokuthetha, ukuvota, indibano) kunye neembopheleleko ezihambelanayo zabemi, njengokuthobela imithetho, ukuhlawula iirhafu, ukukhonza kwimibutho yejaji, kunye nokufak'unegalelo kwizinto ezintle eziqhelekileyo.
  • Ubuchule bokwenza uphando, ukukwazi ukuvavanya uphando, ukuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo ulwazi, ukuxubusha iimbono ezahlukeneyo ngentlonelo, ukusebenzisana nabanye, nokuthatha inyathelo elidibeneyo (nokuba kungokuvota, ukuphatha, inkonzo yoluntu, okanye ukucingela uluntu lonke.
  • Ukuqonda imilinganiselo yedemocratic neMithetho: Uzibopho kumaxabiso afana nokusesikweni, ukulingana, ulawulo lomthetho, ukunyamezela, kunye nokucalucalula njengesiseko sokucombulula iingxabano kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezimanyeneyo.

Abaphengululi kunye nemibutho kudala igxininisa le milinganiso. Iziko lomgaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke we-Annuberg uphando lwaminyaka le [ olusoloko lutyhila izithuba ezibalulekileyo kulwazi olusisiseko ngorhulumente kunye nomgaqo-siseko phakathi kwabantu abadala baseMelika. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:]] ithelekelela iCPUBS Education[ ichaza ufundo lwaseBraclation njengenxenye ye "FCGYP] yemfundo ebanzi" elungiselela abantu ngabanye ukuba "bandakanye noxakekeleyo kubomi bobudemo-demokhrasi."

Imvelaphi Yembali Nendaleko Yanamhlanje

Ingcamango yokufundiswa kwabantu isekelwe kwingcamango yedemokhrasi. Ukusuka kuThomas Jefferson umbono womntu ofundileyo osebenza njengommeli "oonogada abanobuchule" benkululeko kwiincwadi zoluntu zasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ingcamango yokuba idemokhrasi ifuna abemi abanolwazi isoloko ikhona. Noko ke, uqulunqe kunye neendlela zokufundisa irejistal ivela ngokuphawulekayo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukufunda kwabezenziwa ngabantu kwagxininiswa kakhulu ekubetheleleni iingcinga ngezibakala ngorhulumente. Namhlanje, ukugxininiswa kubhekise kwiimfuno zezelo-demokhrasi ezithekileyo [[[FLT.1:]:: ukufundisa indlela abafundi abathelekelela ngayo umthetho, kodwa indlela abanokungenelela ngayo kwinkqubo yomthetho, ukunxibelela abameli boluntu, ukusuka ekulungelelaniseni iinkqubo zoburhulumente.

Ngaphezu koko, isizukulwana sezobugcisa siye sandisa indlela abahlali abafanele bazazi ngayo. Ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala ngekhompyutha namhlanje kufuneka kuquka ukufunda nokubhala ngekhompyutha, ukukwazi ukufumana inkcazelo ethembekileyo kwi-intanethi, ukuqaphela iinkcazelo eziphosakeleyo nokungawusebenzisi umlomo nokusebenzisa izixhobo zobugcisa ukwenzela intlalo-ntle. Ucelomngeni kukuba amaqonga afana namajelo ezentlalo-ntle anokubangela ukudityaniswa nokuhlaziywa, nto leyo ebangela ukugxeka ukucinga ngobuchule obubalulekileyo bezentlalo.

Ukubaluleka Kokufunda Kwinkqubo Yedemokhrasi

Idemokhrasi inamandla kuphela njengokuba abemi bayo bethabatha inxaxheba kwaye begweba. Xa ukubhalisa nokubhala kuxhaphakile, abantu bayangenelwa kumntu ocholayo ophezulu, iingxoxo zemigaqo yolwazi olungakumbi, ukuthembana kwabantu ngokubanzi eziko nabemi abanolwazi olungakumbi. Ngokuchasene noko, ukungaqondi kwabantu kungakhokelela ekungabi namdla, ukungakhathaleli, ukuchasana, ukuchanabeka kwemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi, nokupheliswa kwemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi.

I-Arhente kunye nokuNika amandla

Ulwazi luyanika amandla. Abami abayiqondayo indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente wabo banokwenzeka kakhulu [[FLT: 0] ukuba babe negalelo elithe kratya kunyulo, babekho ekuchongeni, badibanise amaqela e-advocation, bade basebenze ngokwabo. Uphando olusuka ku lwenkcazelo & Uphando ngeCUB kwiCING Learning ne CONTICEment (CIRCCLE) lubonisa ukuba abafundi abafumana imfundo ephezulu yezezenteleko banokuvota, babandakanyeke kwinkonzo yoluntu, kwaye bavakalisa ukuzimisela ukuba nenxaxheba kuluntu kamva ebomini. Le ngqiqo yokuguqula abantu abakwimi baphantsi abasebenzayo kwimibo abasebenza kwi-magxa-ofisi yabo.

Ukukhusela Ulawulo - melo Ekuncipheni

Iinkqubo zedemokhrasi zixhomekeke ekuqondeni izithethe ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokwamkela iziphumo zonyulo, ukuhlonela umthetho, nokukhusela amalungelo amancinane. Xa uluntu luphelelwa yimfundo, uluntu luba nomgangatho ophantsi wezolwazi lwaseburhulumenteni olunenkxaso-mandla engakumbi kwizinto ezicetyiswayo[[[FLT:], iingcamango zeqhinga, kunye nemigudu yokuphelisa amaziko olawulo-mpukane. Isifundo 2020 solawulo lwedemokhrasi [FLT:] uRROME udityanisela amanqanaba asezantsi olwazi lwamashishini nolwandiswano olukhulayo lwezopolitiko kunye nokungamkelwa kwenkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ngalo ndlela, ukukhuthaza ukufundiswa kwemfundo akuyo kuphela ayiyo injongo yokufundisa.

Intetho Ekhuthazayo Nengomthonyama

Kwibutho labantu elahlukeneyo, abemi baza kuphikisana kwimibandela emininzi. Ukuxhobisa abantu ngabanye ngezixhobo zokuncedisa kwingxoxo ekhuthaza ukuxambulisana — ukunikela iimpikiswano, ukuphulaphula iimbono eziphikisanayo, nokufuna iindawo ezidityanisiweyo ngaphandle kokubhenela kwintlaselo yobuqu okanye ukuphenjelelwa koodemon. Oku kukwazi ukuxoxa ngentlonelo kubalulekile ekufumaneni izisombululo ze-pragmatic kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Ngaphandle kwayo, intetho kawonke-wonke ijika ibe yimidadi, i-grip, i-lock, kunye neziphumo zenkqubo ezingekho ngqiqwele.

Ukufunda Ngemfundo: Ukusuka Esikolweni Ukuya Kwimfundo Ehlala Ihleli

Ngoxa ukufunda nokubhala kwabantu boluntu kunokuphuhliswa nangayiphi na iminyaka, imfundo yasesikolweni iseyeyona ndlela icwangcisiweyo nelungeleleneyo yokwakha ezi zixhobo zokhuphiswano. Ukungakhuthazi imfundo yoluntu kuzo zonke imigangatho yemfundo nemibandela yemfundo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Imfundo yePhondo

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, imfundo yezemfundo yoluntu kwizikolo zase-United States ibisetyenziswa ngokungaguquguqukiyo, isoloko ikhuselwa yimiyalelo ejoliswe ekufundeni, kwizibalo, nakwinzululwazi. Noko ke, kukho iinkqubo eziphezulu. Iindlela ezisebenzayo ziquka:

  • Imfundo eKhululweyo kuRhulumente nakwimbali: Yinkqubo eqengqelekayo egubungela iSibhengezo senkululeko, umGaqo-siseko, iBhili yamaLungelo, amatyala eNkundla ePhakamileyo, nendlela esebenza ngayo, urhulumente, urhulumente, noorhulumente basekuhlaleni.
  • Uqhaqho kunye nokudlala- indima: Iinkqubo ezifana [ iziXhobo zinika imidlalo edityanisiweyo eyenza abafundi basebenze njengabagwebi, abalawuli, okanye amagosa esebe aphetheyo, benza iingcamango ezingekho ngqiqweni kwaye zibandakanyeke.
  • Iprojekthi zokufunda- ufundo: idibanisa ukufunda kwiklasi nenkonzo yehlabathi yoluntu lokwenene(umzekelo, abafundi abaphanda ukunganqabiseki kokutya kwasekuhlaleni baze bacwangcise idrive yokutya okanye ukuxhasa utshintsho lwenkqubo.
  • [[NTLA] Ukuxinezeleka kwemiba yangoku neyobuphini: ikhokelwa, ingxubusho ecwangcisiweyo kwimixholo efana nokufuduka, impilo kawonke-wonke, okanye inguqulelo yemozulu ifundisa abafundi indlela yokusingatha ukungavumelani kunye nokuvavanya ubungqina.

Ufundisiso oluphawulayo lwe loMgaqo-majoni wedemokhrasi: Ingxelo yeCBICO Mission of Schools (ingxelo evela kwiCampaniso yeCUBS of Schools) yachaza imikhwa emithandathu ethembisayo: ukufundisa kurhulumente, umthetho, kunye nedemokhrasi; ingxubusho yeziganeko zangoku; ukufundisa-enkonzo; imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo; ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisikolo solawulo lwedemokhrasi; kunye nemfaniso zeenkqubo zedemokhrasi. Izikolo eziquka imikhwa emininzi enika ithemba ekuvezeni uninzi lwabafundi abaqukiwe kwiqulenqeneyo kwintlalo yezempumi.

Imfundo Ephakamileyo Nemfundo Yabantu Abakhulileyo

Imfundo ye-BIC kufuneka ingayeki emva kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Iikholeji neeyunivesithi zinethuba elikhethekileyo lokuphucula ulwazi lwezemfundo yoluntu ngeezifundo zenzululwazi yezopolitiko, inkqubo kawonke-wonke, kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kwakunye neephulo ezikumhlaba wonke njengee-drives zokuvota kunye namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni. Amaziko amaninzi adala amaziko okubophelela i-Bivic[ adibanisa imfundo yemfundo nezenzo zoluntu.

Kubantu abadala, ukufunda kwezentlalo-ntle kwenzeka ngemiba yeendaba (xa ithe yafumana intsebenziswano), imibutho yoluntu, amathala eencwadi, kunye neevenkile ezisebenza ngengeniso efana ne I-League of Women Voters okanye imibutho yasekuhlaleni. Imfundo yobomi obude ibalulekile njengoko kuvela imiba emitsha: ekuqondeni iziphumo zonyulo oluphambili zokuvavanya imigaqo yenkundla ephakamileyo yeNkulwa okanye inkqubo entsha yobugcisa.

Iingxaki Zokufunda Ngenkulungwane Ye - 21

Nangona ibalulekile, abantu basekuhlaleni bajamelana nemiqobo emikhulu emele ilungiswe.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemfundo Yesiqendu Ezikolweni

Phakathi ko-2001 no-2010, phantsi kwengcinezelo yemithetho yovavanyo yeNo Child Lend Behind Act, izikolo ezininzi zincitshisiwe okanye zipheliswe izifundo zoluntu ezinikezelweyo. NgokweNgqungquthela yesizwe yeLegislatures yesizwe. Oku kuthintela kumgangatho osezantsi wolwazi lwezezentlalo-ntle yabantu abadala.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika Nokungathembani

Ucalucalulo olunzulu lwezentlalo luye lwenza imfundo yezentlalo yazenze ibala lemfazwe. Ukuxambulisana ngendlela yokufundisa ngemibandela edidanayo (umz., iMfazwe Yoluntu, isigwebo sobuhlanga, iinguqulelo zemozulu) kungakhokelela kwizifundo zeklasi okanye ekuphepheni. Ootitshala basenokuziva benyanzelekile ukuba balususe uludwe lwezifundo "opolitic", oluthintela incoko yezentlalo-ntlalo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuthemba okusezantsi kwabantu kwimibutho (umz. Qhakathi ) kukwenza kube nzima ukubandakanya abantu kwimfundo yoluntu. Xa abemi bejonga zonke iinkcukacha ngokukrokraza kolwazi.

Ukungaqiniseki Kwamanani

Ukusingqongileyo kolwazi lwamanani kunika ikrele elinqindiweyo. Kwesinye isandla, i-Internet inika unikezelo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwimithombo yoluntu. Kwesinye, isasazeka imisformation, iingcamango zozungu, kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemithetho ekhutshiweyo. Iintsebenziswano zisoloko zingenabo ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala imiyalelo efunekayo ukuvavanya imithombo, ukuchonga ikhethe, kunye nento eyahlukileyo kwintsomi. Ufundo oluyilwe yi-Stanford History Education Group[ ifumanisemgnownal, isikolo esiphezulu, kunye nekholejini zingakwazi umahluko phakathi koshicilelo oluthembekileyo kunye nokuxhaswa yintlawulo oluneyo. Oku kujoyikiso oluphambili kwintetho yedemokhrasi.

Ukungalingani Kwemfundo

Asibo bonke abafundi abanokufumana imfundo yomgangatho ophezulu. Izikolo kwimimandla efumileyo zisenokunika izifundo zoluntu ezinikezelweyo, amaqela engxoxo, kunye namathuba karhulumente wabafundi, lo gama izikolo ezikhutshwa phantsi kweziphekelelwayo zisoloko zingenazo ezi nkqubo. Oku kwahlula kudala umsantsa wethuba [ we-pic, apho abafundi abasuka kumaqela aphantsi komgangatho wempukane bafumana ukulungiselela okuncinane kokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi, ukukhuthaza imijikelezo yokungalingani kunye namandla.

Ubugcisa obunika amandla ukomeleza ukufundeka

Nangona zinzima, ubugcisa bunezixhobo ezinamandla zokuphucula ukufunda nokubhala, ukuba nje siyakwazi ukuzilungisa.

Iinkqubo zamanani zokufunda nokwenza ulwalamano

Imithombo efana yeSiko loMgaqo-siseko wesizwe oNxulumanisayo kunye nezibonelelo zinika abafundi kunye nabantu abadala] izixa eziphezulu, eziphezulu. Iiplatfomu zingenza ukuba zikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wobuzwe ngqo: [[FLT:] [4] iVote. org zinceda abemi babhalise ukuvota; [ ezilinganayo kunye nezinye iziququ zolu-omati zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane umthetho obhaliweyo kunye nabameli abanonxulumano. Iindlela ze-we-Webster, ii-webstercape, kunye nenkqubo ye-intanethi i-webhusayithi ye-we-intanethi zivumela ukufikelela ukuqonda ukuqonda isantya sabo kwisantya sabo.

Ukulwa Nolwazi Oluphosakeleyo Ngokufunda

Iinkampani zobugcisa nabafundisi basebenzisana ngokukhulayo kwiinkalo zolwazi nolwazi lwezibonelelo. Imisebenzi efana ne C3 Isiseko Semisebenzi Semigangatho Yezifundo Zesizwe (ngeBhunga lesiZwe leSocial Studies) igxininisa ukuvavanywa kobungqina kunye neziphelo zokunxibelelana. Ukhokelo olusebenzisekayo olusuka kwiintlangano ezifana Projects Literacy Project [] ufundisa abafundi ukuqinisekisa ulwazi ngokusebenzisa "ukufunda ngokulandelela ulwazi"", ukukhangela imithombo emininzi ngaphambi kokuthemba into efunwa yiyo. Izikolo kunye namathala encwadi ayakwazi ukukhupha obu buchule kwizifundo zawo zemfundo, ukunika abemi amandla okuqhuba iprojekthi yeze-culture.

Indlela Abalumkisi Ngayo

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka abanako ukucombulula ukungafundi kwabantu. Imithetho-mthetho ebeka iliso kuqiniseko oluchanekileyo ingabambisa abasebenzisi kwiigumbi zesandi. Ngaphezu koko, ukuthembela kwizixhobo zamanani kunokwenza abantu bangabe nabungozi obungathenjwayo ekungafikelelini kwi-intanethi-intanethi. Ingxaki enkulu kuluntu lwasemaphandleni nakuluntu olungenazingenelo eziphantsi. naliphi na iqhinga elisekelwe kubugcisa kufuneka lidityaniswe nemigudu yokuvala ulwahlulo lwamanani [ nokukhuthaza imisebenzi yentlalo-ntle, intlalo-ntle.

Ukufunda Nokubhala Ngaphaya Kwexesha Lobomi: Isibopho Esingapheliyo

Amanyathelo aphumelelayo okufunda nokubhala abantu abonisa ukuba ukufunda akupheli. Amaqela ahlukahlukeneyo obudala afuna iindlela ezilungeleleneyo.

Ulutsha (K-12)

Jolisa kwizifundo ezidibanisayo, ezisebenzisanayo ezakha ulwazi nezobuchule. Iinkqubo ezifana ne [[FLT: 0] Thina bantu (kwiZiko lemfundo yeCUP) sifikelela kwisiphelo sokuva okuxeliweyo, okukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bafunde ngokunzulu baze bakhulise ukuthetha kwasesidlangalaleni kunye nobuchule bokuqiqa.

Abatsha (18-30)

Eli qela lidla ngokutshintsha kwimfundo yalo. Ukubhalisa ngoonontlalo-ntle, ukuvota ngeli phulo kwiikholeji, namaphulo ajoliswe kuwo amalunga nemicimbi yasekuhlaleni anokuba luncedo ekulondolozeni idinga lomtshato. Uphando lweCIRC lubonisa ukuba ulutsha oluvotelwa kunyulo lwalo lokuqala lunokuba ngabavoti abaqhele ukuvota.

Abantu abadala (30+)

Iizifundo zemfundo eziqhubekayo, iinkqubo zethala leencwadi likawonke-wonke, kunye nentlanga (umz., iKiwanis, iRotary) zinika abantu abadala amathuba okuhlala befundile. Imibutho emininzi ikwanikela "iindawo zolawulo zoluntu olundilisekileyo" kwimiba equka imicimbi efana nokubandakanyeka kwequmrhu lesikolo, inkqubo yerhafu, okanye imimiselo yokubeka izithuba echaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

I-ECD

Abantu abadala badla ngokuba nomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuvota kodwa basenokufuna inkxaso engakumbi ekuhambiseni izinto ze-intanethi. Amaziko oluntu kunye namaqela akhulileyo anokufumana iintlanganiso zokuqonda imilinganiselo yokuchola, ukukhangela amaqhinga eMedicare, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni. Amava abo aphilayo kunye nembono yembali zizinto ezixabisekileyo kwintetho yengingqi.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Ikamva Ngobuchule

Ukufunda nokubhala asiyonto yobunewunewu; yisiseko esingundoqo soluntu lwedemokhrasi. Ngaphandle kwalo, abemi abawaxhobi kakuhle amalungelo abo, baphumeze iimbopheleleko zabo, okanye bagcine amandla abo ephendule. Imingeni yile"inkqubo yesikolo, ukuhla, ukuhla, iimpazamo, kunye nokungalawuleki.

Ukuveliswa kolwazi lwaseburhulumenteni kuthetha oku:

  • ikhuthaza ukuphakama komgangatho, imfundo yezentlalo elinganayo kuzo zonke izikolo, ukusuka kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi ukuya kookholeji.
  • [[UMTL:0] abafundisi- ntsapho abadlulisela uqeqesho, izibonelelo, nenkululeko yemfundo ukudibanisa abafundi kwiingxoxo ezomeleleyo, ezibonisa intsebenziswano yemiba entsonkothileyo.
  • Ukunyusa amandla obugcisa ngexesha uthintela umonakalo wayo ngokufundisa ukufunda nokubhala ngemivo kunye nemfundo yesixhobo sobugcisa bokusasaza ulwazi ukutyhubela lonke ixesha.
  • Ukunikezela kwimfundo ehlala ihleli ukwenzela ukuba ummi ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki ubudala okanye imvelaphi, abe nenxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwiprojekthi eqhubekayo yokuzilawula.

Impilo yedemokhrasi yethu ixhomekeke kumgudu othe gqolo wokuhlakulela ummi ofundileyo wentlalo-ntle. Njengoko uThomas Jefferson wabhala, "Andazi siseko esikhuselekileyo samandla agqibeleleyo ebutho labantu kodwa abantu ngokwabo; kwaye ukuba sicinga ukuba abakhanyiselwanga ngokwaneleyo ukuze balawule ngengqiqo entle, unyango alukokuwuthabatha kubo, kodwa lumele ukufundisa abantu ngemfundo. Oko kusityala kusebalulekile namhlanje njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Ngokusebenza kuwo, asilogcino lulo kuphela ilifa lethu ledemokhrasi kodwa someleza lona ukuze lifike.