Indima yokunyanzelisa umthetho kwibutho lolawulo-bume isiseko kunye noxinezeleko. Ngoxa umsebenzi ophambili wamagosa amapolisa kukugcina ucwangco, ukukhusela ubomi nempahla, nokunyanzelisa imithetho emiselwe ngabameli abanyuliweyo, basebenza kwinkqubo efuna ukuphendula, ukubonakala, nokuhlonela amalungelo abantu. Ngokungafaniyo noorhulumente abalawula abaphathi bolawulo olungqongqo apho amapolisa esebenza njengezixhobo zokulawula urhulumente, ukunyanzelisa umthetho wedemokhrasi kufumana ilungelo lawo ekuvumeni kwabalawuli. Eli nqaku linikela ukuvavanywa ngokunzulu komthetho onyanzelisayo i̱ lisebenza, izakhiwo zalo zokuphendula uluntu, imingeni yobupolisa, imingeni yamaxesha akhoyo, kunye nendlela ephambili yokulawula inkqubo yezomthetho exhasa imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi.

Isiseko Somthetho Esinyanzeliswa Kulawulo - melo

Kulawulo-mpuku, abameli bomthetho abangaphezulu kunomthetho; babotshelelwe ngawo. Lo mgaqo maxa wambi, obizwa ngokuba yi-#820; ukulawulwa phantsi komthetho, i-̵ uqinisekisa ukuba abaphathi basebenza kwisiseko somthetho-siseko, imida yezomthetho, kunye nolawulo lomthetho. Igunya lokunyanzelisa imithetho lidityaniswe nomsebenzi wokuhlonipha inkululeko yasekuhlaleni, kuquka inkululeko yokuthetha, ukukhusela ekuphangweni okungekho ngqiqweni, nokukhusela okulinganayo phantsi komthetho.

Umahluko phakathi kobupolisa bedemokhrasi kunye nolawulo lwedemokhrasi asiyontanda-bulumko nje. I-politiki yedemocratic igxininisa ekuncedeni uluntu ngokubanzi, ngoxa i-poli ye-democratic policy isebenzisa amandla karhulumente ukuphelisa ukungavumelani. Ubuchule obungundoqo bokunyanzeliswa komthetho wedemokhrasi kukwahlulwa kwamandla: isebe elilawulayo (ngamapolisa nabatshutshisi) linyanzelela imithetho, isebe lemithetho yowiso-mthetho liyayichaza, kwaye igosa isalathisi solawulo sisebenzisa indlela yabo. Oku kusebenza njengovavanyo ekusetyenzisweni kwezenzo ezinokwenzeka zedemokhrasi kwaye linika abemi indlela yokuvavanyanisa abachukucuku.

Ngaphezu koko, ibutho ledemokhrasi lifuna ukuba abameli bomthetho basebenze ngokucace. Oku kuquka ukupapasha iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi olunyanzelekileyo, ukugcina iziqhagamshelanisi ezivulekileyo namajelo eendaba, nokuzithoba kubaphathi abaqhelekileyo. U.S. ISebe leSebe leSigwebi le-Ofisi ye-Community Policision (i-COPS Ofecuse Office) ligxininisa ukuba ukufaneleka kwemithetho ye-politiki kuxhomekeke ekugwetyweni ngokwesiko, ekugqibeleni, nasekuphatheni ngokuthembeka kwabo bonke abemi.

Imisebenzi ye-Core yoMthetho onyanzelwayo

Imisebenzi esisiseko yokunyanzelisa umthetho kwidemokhrasi ibanzi, kodwa inokwenziwa kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo. Umsebenzi ngamnye ubandakanya inkululeko yasekuhlaleni nokuthenjwa kwabantu.

Ukukhusela Ulwaphulo-mthetho Nokuphazanyiswa

Amapolisa asebenza ngokuphanga, ukudibana koluntu, kunye nobukho bamapolisa obubonakalayo, ngenjongo yokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho ngaphambi kokuba luvele. Noko ke, ukuthintelwa kufuneka kulungelelaniswe nxamnye nomngcipheko wokungalawulwa kwemimandla ethile. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukujoliswe, iindlela zogcino-lwazi ezithe zasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo zingalunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle koluntu oluphambukileyo, ukuba nje ziqaliswe ngokubona gcalulo nokuphendula. Iinkqubo ezifana neHot Spokets Policing zixhomekeke kumzobo wolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye ziye zabonisa ukunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho olusezantsi xa zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.

Uphando Nokusesikweni Kwezaphuli - mthetho

Uphando lubandakanya ukuqokelela ubungqina, ukubuza amangqina, nokukrokra. Kwimithetho yobudemokhrasi, imithetho yobungqina ingqongqo: ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni bungakhutshwa enkundleni. Olu khuselo, olufakwe kwiSihlaziyo sesine eUnited States, luqinisekisa ukuba amapolisa akayityesheli inkqubo efanelekileyo. Ubugcisa bobungeniselo buye bavela ngobugcisa, kuquka inzululwazi yezenzululwazi, ubugcisa be-agicsc e-octensic, kunye nohlalutyo logcino-lwazi.

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho nolungiso

Amagosa anyanzelisa imithetho esusela kwimithetho yeetrato ukuya kwizenzo ezinzulu. Kodwa ukunyanzelisa akuyomfuneko ukuba kwenziwe ngobuchule; kufuneka ubuchule. I-politiki yedemocratic iyaqonda ukuba akukho nakuphi na ukwaphula umthetho kufuna ukusabela okusesikweni, kwaye ukusebenzisa umthetho ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amaqela asekuhlaleni kubalulekile ukuze kumiselwe umthetho.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Nempendulo yexesha likaxakeka

Amapolisa asoloko engowokuqala ukuphendula kwiimeko zongxamiseko, kuquka iifowuni zonyango, iintlekele zemvelo, kunye nezisongelo ezisebenzayo. Lo msebenzi ubeka amagosa kwiindima ezinokusetyenziswa ngcono zezinye izifundiswa, njengeengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Amasebe amaninzi ngoku asebenzisana nabasebenzi boluntu okanye abasebenzi basebuthweni amaCrisnis Intervention Atmentation At ukuphambukisa abantu ekuphumeni entolongweni ukuya kunyango. Le ndaleko ithetha ngokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke kunye nesidima sabo basengozini.

Izixhobo zokuphendula kwimicimbi yedemokhrasi

Ingxelo yelinchpin eyahlula ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wedemokhrasi kumelo lwayo olunolawulo oluphezulu. Ngaphandle kobuchule bokwenza amagosa namaqumrhu anokuphendula kuluntu, ukuthembana kuyaphela kwaye umthetho uyawohloka.

Ingxelo yangaphakathi

Iiyunithi zemicimbi yangaphakathi ziphanda izityholo zokungathobeli, amandla agqithisileyo, urhwaphilizo, kunye nokwaphulwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Ngokufanelekileyo, la maqela asebenza ngokwawo ngaphakathi kwisebe. Noko ke, uphando lubonise ukuba uphando lwangaphakathi lusoloko luphumela kwimilinganiselo ephantsi yengqeqesho, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufuneni ulawulo lwangaphandle.

Ulawulo lwaseburhulumenteni

Iibhodi zohlolo-hlolo okanye iingqinipho ezizimeleyo zinika uhlolo lwangaphandle kwisimilo samapolisa. Amandla azo ayahlukahluka: ezinye izikhalazo zohlolo nokuncomela uqeqesho, ngoxa ezinye zinamandla angaphantsi kwepona, kwaye zinokunyanzela utshintsho lwenkqubo. Ulawulo olunempumelelo lufuna inkxaso eyaneleyo, ukufikelela kugcino-lwazi, negunya lokwenyaniso. Izixeko ezifana neSan Francisco neLos Angeles zinemizekelo ekwimo yolawulo ekwimeko ekwindawo ephakamileyo ephembele imilinganiselo yesizwe.

Ulawulo Lwezogwebo Nezigwebo Zamakhaya

Iinkundla zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngemithetho yokuzikhulula, ukumangalelwa kwabemi (umz., iCandelo 1983 lithetha kwi-U.S.), kunye nemithetho evumelayo. ISebe leJaji lisebenzise uphando lomgaqo-nkqubo wokulungisa ukunyanzelisa utshintsho kumasebe aneengxaki, njengoko kubonwa eFeguson, Missouri, nakwiSebe laMapolisa laseChicago. Imithetho yoMthendeleko ifuna iinguqulelo zenkundla ezivunyiweyo kwinkqubo, uqeqesho, kunye nolawulo.

Ukubonakala ngokucaceyo nogcino-lwazi

Ukunika ingxelo yoluntu ngolwaphulo-mthetho, ukusebenzisa iziganeko zonyanzelo, ukuma, nokubanjwa kwenza ukuba kubekho ukujongana neentatheli, abaphandi, kunye namaqela abantu. I-FBI̱ i-FUDIN CRIMEing Report kunye neSibonelelo sokusebenzisa-of-Force sogcino-lwazi sinyathelo elikhokelela ekucaceni kwesizwe, nangona ukuthabatha inxaxheba kungokokuzithandela nokungagqibekanga. Ugcino-lwazi olungcono lubalulekile ekuchazeni iingcalulo kunye nokuvavanya imigudu yotshintsho.

Xa kujongwa ngokunzulu ngendima yobuveleli, Brennan Center yeJaji inika ubuncwane obuninzi ekuthatheni ityala lamapolisa kunye notshintsho lwesakhiwo.

Ukusetyenziswa KwamaQela Njengomntu Olawula Idemokhrasi

Ulawulo lwamapolisa lwasekuhlaleni lungaphezulu kunendlela nje esetyenziswayo; yintanda-bulumko ephucula ulwalamano lwamapolisa nabemi. Kunokuba abantu bajonge uluntu njengabamkeli bomthetho abangasebenziyo, amapolisa aphatha abemi njengamaqabane okhuseleko loluntu. Le ndlela ingundoqo kulawulo-demokhrasi kuba ikhuthaza ukunyathelana, kwaye inciphisa uloyiko.

Isiseko Senkqubo Yepolisa Loluntu

  • [[UMTH: 0] Isabelo somzobo: abaphathi babelwe imimandla ethile ngamaxesha ade, abavumela ukuba bakhe ulwalamano baze baqonde inkxalabo yasekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iproblem-ijinga-kulungisa: Ngaphandle kokusabela kunxulumano, abaphathi-mikhosi basebenza nabemi kunye namasebe asekuhlaleni ukucombulula iimeko ezikhokelela kulwaphulo-mthetho, njengezakhiwo ezishiywe, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, okanye ukuswela ukukhanya.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Igalelo leNkcubeko: Iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo, amabhunga okuququzelela, kunye nohlolisiso lunika abemi ilizwi ekubekeni izinto eziza kuqala kwaye kuvavanywe ukusebenza.

Ubungqina Bokuphumelela

Uphando lubonise ukuba umkhosi wamapolisa ukunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuphucula isimo sengqondo ngakumapolisa, kwaye ngokuthozama ukunciphisa iintlobo ezithile zolwaphulo-mthetho xa luphunyezwe ngokuthembeka. Ingxelo evela kwiZiko lesizwe leJaji ibalaselisa ukuba ukuthembana kukhokelela ekukulungeleni ngakumbi phakathi kwamaxhoba namangqina ukusebenzisana, nto leyo eyimfuneko ekucombululeni ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Noko ke, ulawulo lwamapolisa lufuna utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo, iinguqu zenkcubeko kumasebe, kunye nokutshintsha ukusuka kumasebe anika umvuzo ekubotshweni kwabo bafumana umvuzo. Xa kusenziwa ngokuphandle, kunokuba nemiphumo emibi, kushiye abantu beziva bengaqondwa. Ukuphunyezwa kokwenyaniso kufuna ukhokelo noxanduva

Ucelomngeni Lokunyanzeliswa Komthetho

Ibutho ledemokhrasi lisoloko lixabana noxinezeleko oluphakathi kokhuseleko nenkululeko.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nemfihlo

Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi ngobuso, ukufundwa kwelayisenisi, ii-drones, kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwemithetho-manani yamapolisa kunyusa amaxhala anzulu obuqu. Kwidemokhrasi, ukujongwa kufuneka kulawulwe ngemithetho ecacileyo elinganisela ulawulo, ifuna ulawulo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso, ezi zixhobo zingajolisa imimandla emincinane kunye nokuvakalisa intetho ebandayo ngokukhululekileyo. Izixeko ezininzi ziye zakuvala okanye zabeka umda urhulumente wokuqwalaselwa kobuso, kwaye iinkundla ziyaqhubeka zivavanyaza ukusetyenziswa komgaqo-siseko wokuhlola okungekho mvume.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho

Ukudluliselwa kwezixhobo zolwalo-mkhosi kwimikhosi yamapolisa yasekuhlaleni kuye kwaba yindawo ebanzi ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1990. Iingxoxo zocaphulo lomkhosi wokhuseleko lwabaphathi-mikhosi kunye nemfuneko yokuphendula kubadubuli abasebenzayo okanye ubugrogrisi. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi isixhobo sikhuthaza isimo sengqondo semfazwe, ukwanda kweenkxwaleko, kunye nemimandla eqengqelekayo. Inkqubo evumela amapolisa ukuba afumane iigiyeri zomkhosi ezininzi, iye yatshintshwa kodwa ihlala iphikisana.

Ukwahluka Kobuhlanga Nokusetyenziswa Kwamandla

Amashumi eminyaka olwazi atyhila ukwahluka okucacileyo kobuhlanga ekumekweni, ekuphengululweni, ekufumaneni, ekufumaneni, nasekusebenziseni amandla. Ukufa kukaGeorge Floyd, Breonna Taylor, kunye nabanye abaninzi badala izikhalazo zehlabathi kunye nemfuno ezitshayo zokutshintsha inkqubo. Ukuthetha ngezi ntlobo zolwahluko akufuni nje uqeqesho olungcono kunye nokungalungisi kodwa kukwafuneka uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lwemithetho kunye nemigaqo egcina izibaso. Amasebe amaninzi amkele ukusebenzisa imigaqo-onqanda-mandla egxininisa ukusetyenziswa kobungcwele bobomi, kodwa ahlala engaguquki.

Impilo Yengqondo Nokungabi Nakhaya

Amapolisa asoloko esebenza njengabaphendula-phambili bezempilo yengqondo, indima abasoloko bephantsi kwemfundo. Isiphumo singaba sintlekele: abantu abasengxakini benzakala okanye babulawa ngexesha lokonwaba olunokusingathwa ngcono zi-kliniki. Amaqela okuphendula ngeengxaki zeselula, iimodeli ezixhobisayo, kunye noqeqesho oluneengxaki zokungenelela luyanda, kodwa ukuxhasa inkxaso kunye nokulungelelana kweenkonzo ezifanelekileyo luphawu lwe-demokhrasi ekuba nemfesane exabiseke ngaphezu kokunyanzeleka.

Ukusikelwa kweZibonelelo kunye neengxoxo zohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Amasebe amaninzi ajongene noqingqo-mali olungqongqo kunye nokukhuphisana kwezinto eziphambili. I-#8220; defound i-̵ umbutho, ngexa uthe waqondwa kakubi, uzisa ingqalelo kwisibakala sokuba uqingqo-mali lwamapolisa luchitha isabelo esikhulu sokuchitha umasipala ngexesha iinkonzo zoluntu ziphantsi kwenjongo. Ukucinga ngobungakanani bobuphathi bamapolisa kunye nezinto eziluncedo kwiminye inkcaso eluncedo kubaphendulayo. Umzekelo, UTshenxiso lwamapolisa luzinzile uvavanyo olushicilelwe phantsi kwizixeko ezifana neDenver kunye neAustria apho zingasetyenziswanga zixhobo eziluncedo ziphendula iimfono ezithile ezingezobugrafu.

Ikamva Lenkqubo Yedemokhrasi

Indlela engaphambili ayiquki nje ukuguqula amapolisa kodwa kufuneka ilungelelanise ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Ibutho labantu elilawulwa ngedemokhrasi kufuneka lilungelelanise imfuneko yokulungelelaniswa ngokukhuselwa kwamalungelo, kwaye umthwalo wolu lungelelwano uxhomekeke ngokulinganayo ekunyanzelweni komthetho, kwabaququzeli bemithetho nakuluntu.

Unyuso noTshintsho

Uqeqesho lwangoku lugxininisa ukuhla-kunyenyelwa, ukucalucalula okungagqibekanga, ungenelelo lwentlekele, kunye nemithambo esekelwe kwimiboniso. Uphando lwamapolisa olunoLawulo oluPhezulu iForum (PERF) luvelise iseti yeenkqubo zemodeli, kuquka “30 Guideing Principles ”[[FLM] ekusetyenzisweni ngamandla. Le migangatho isetyenziswa ngamaziko ngaphaya kwelizwe, kodwa uqeqesho kufuneka luqhubeke luze luqiniswe lulawulo neso.

ISebe eliBambisekileyo leeNkcukacha zoLawulo

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kungaxhasa iinkqubo zokulungisa ezithi ziphethule izaphuli-mthetho ezisemgangathweni ophantsi kwinkqubo yobulungisa. Izijikelezi, i-adismedia, kunye nezivumelwano ezicazululiweyo zingalungisa umonakalo ngaphandle kokuhlazisa abantu okanye ukubopha abantu abaninzi. Amagosa angenza indima ekwahluleni iimeko ezifanele ukuthotywa nokusebenzisana nemibutho esekelwe kuluntu.

Ugcino-lwazi olucace gca nokuphendula

Njengoko ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kuphucula, ukubonakala okuza kuqhuba utshintsho. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhamera yomzimba, ukufundwa kwepleyiti yelayisensi ezenzekelayo, kunye nezitishi ezincedwa yikhompyutha kufuneka zidityaniswe nokufumaneka koluntu kunye nohlalutyo oluzimeleyo. Imithetho evumela abaphathi ukuba bahlole isantya phambi kokuba kubhalwe iingxelo kufuneka ziphindwe kwakhona ukuze kugcinwe ingqibelelo ecacileyo. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili ukuba abaphathi beflegi abanemigangatho ephezulu yezikhalazo okanye abasebenzi bamandla bakuthintela iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zinyuke.

Ukuhlaziya Indima Yamapolisa

Ezinye iingcali zithi amapolisa afanele anikezele iimbopheleleko eziphethwe kakuhle ngabanye. Umzekelo, ukunyanzeliswa kweenqwelo-mafutha ngenxa yezenzo ezincinci zolwaphulo-mthetho, ingqeqesho yesikolo, kunye neengxaki zengqondo kusenokudluliselwa kumasebe asekuhlaleni. Le #820; i-unbundling ” yomsebenzi wamapolisa uya kukhulula amagosa amapolisa ukuba ajolise ingqalelo kulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu ngoxa enciphisa uqhagamshelwano olunzulu. Iinkqubo ze-pilot amaqela amaninzi abonisa isithembiso, kodwa ukuwanyusa kufuna umnqweno wezopolitiki nokuzisela.

Isiphelo

Ukugcinwa komthetho kwibutho lolawulo-bume akuthethi nje ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho; kungokuxhasa amaxabiso enkululeko, ukulingana, nokusesikweni. Ukufaneleka kwamapolisa kuxhomekeke ekunamatheleni kwawo kumthetho, ukuphendula kwabo kuluntu, kunye nokuzibophelela kwabo ekukhonzeni bonke abemi ngokungakhethi buso kunye nentlonelo. Ngoxa iingxaki zininzi, ukusuka ekuphathweni kwezobugcisa ukuya kumgangatho onzulu wobuhlanga, ulawulo lwedemokhrasi lunika izixhobo zokulungisa: ukubonakala, ukuphatha, ukudibana koluntu, nokuzibophelela kwabo. Ngokuqhubeka belungisa indima yamapolisa nokuqinisekisa ukuba basebenze kwimidabi, uluntu banokuhlala besebenza kwimidabi, uluntu lunokugcina zombini ukhuseleko noluntu lwenkululeko yasekuhlaleni. Impilo yedemokhrasi ngokwalo inikela ukufaneleka okulungele ukuhlazinziswa: ukubonakala, ukubekwa kolawulo, ukuma komanyano koluntu, nokuzinziswa kolawulo-cubantlu lwabiwo-wonke. Ngokuqhubeka kolawulo-wonke lwezomgalelo lomthetho-wonke, ulawulo-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke, ulawulo-wonke-