Ukuqonda indima yomtshato kwindlela yokuzinza komntu otshate naye

Ukutshata nommi wase-U.S. kudala kusetyenziswa njengendlela eyahlukileyo yokuzimela, kunika amaqabane asemzini indlela ehambayo ukuya kungena kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakwamanye aphambukeleyo. Eli lungiselelo lisemthethweni libonisa ukuba amaqhina akhethekileyo asekwa ngomtshato nokubaluleka kokugcina iintsapho zihleli kakuhle. Kodwa ke, le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuxilonga nokuzihlolisisa ngenyameko izinto ezifunekayo. Kubantu abaninzi abatshate nabasemzini, ukuqonda ukudityaniswa kolwalamano lwabo lomtshato nomthetho wokufuduka kubalulekile ukuze baphumelele kuhambo oluqhelekileyo.

Ngaphantsi komthetho wokufuduka wase-U.S., inkqubo yokufuduka yamaqabane asekuhlaleni e-U.S. ilawulwa yi-Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), emisela amalungiselelo akhethekileyo abo batshate nabemi baseMerika. La malungiselelo abonisa injongo yeBhunga yokukhuthaza umanyano lwentsapho ngeli lixa kuqinisekwa ukuba iingenelo zokufuduka ezisekelwe emtshatweni azisetyenziswa kakubi. Indima yomtshato ekuhlalisweni kwendalo ingaphaya kwe-ICFRC; iphembelela iimfuno zokwakha ixesha, kunye nobungqina obufunekayo ukuze kuboniswe ukufaneleka.

Iimfuneko Zokonwaba Kubantu Abatshatileyo Ukuze Bazibone

Ukuze afanelekele ukubhaliswa ngokwemvelo ngomtshato wommi wase-U.S., amaqabane angaphandle kufuneka afikelele iimfuno eziliqela zomthetho. Owona mahluko ubalulekileyo kwimfuno esezantsi yokuhlala ehlaziyiweyo. Ngoxa uninzi lwabahlali abasisigxina kufuneka lulinde iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba lufake isicelo sokuba ngummi wabemi base-U.S., amaqabane asekuhlaleni anokufaka isicelo emva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela yendlu yokuhlala ehlala ngokusisigxina, ukuba nje ahlangabezana nayo yonke eminye imiqathango.

Iimfuno Zokubakho Nokuhlala Ukho

Umthetho othatha iminyaka emithathu wokuhlala usebenza kuphela ukuba umfaki-sicelo utshate nommi omnye wase-U.S. oneminyaka emithathu ngaphambi nje kokufakwa kweFumn N-400. Kule minyaka emithathu, iqabane kufuneka ukuba lalihlala rhoqo eUnited States njengendawo esemthethweni esisigxina. Umbutho umele ukuba ubekho nakumzimba wakhe eUnited States kangangeenyanga ezili-18 kwaloo minyaka emithathu.

Ukongezelela, isibini kufuneka sihlale emtshatweni iminyaka emithathu yonke. "Umanyano lomtshato" kuthetha ukuba amaqabane aye ahlala kunye njengesibini esitshatileyo. Ulwahlulo olwandisiweyo, ingakumbi ezo zigqithe kwiinyanga ezintandathu, lunokukwaphula ukuhlala nokulungisa kwakhona ixesha. Applications kufuneka zigcine uxwebhu olupheleleyo lwendawo yokuhlala yazo kunye naliphi na ixesha lokuhamba kwelinye ilizwe.

Imfuneko Yokwenene Yomtshato

Uluntu lwase-U.S. kunye neSebe loHlalulo-Masipala (USCIS) zigxininisa kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izicelo zomtshato ezikhoyo ziyingozi. Umtshato wokwenene ungenelela elukholweni olulungileyo, apho isibini siceba ukuseka ubomi kunye. I-USCIS iqwalasela izinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ubude bomtshato, ukwabelana ngeembopheleleko zemali, amalungiselelo okuhlalisana, kunye nohlobo lolwalamano lwesibini.

Uxanduva lobungqina luxhomekeke kumntu ofaka isicelo ukubonisa umtshato ukuba unyanisiwe. Ubungqina obuqhelekileyo buquka iingxelo zemali ezidityanisiweyo zebhanki, irenti okanye ityala elibonisa amagama, amatyala emali-mali, iifoto zeziganeko zentsapho, ii-affidavits ezivela kubahlobo kunye nentsapho, kunye neengxelo ze-inshorensi edityanisiweyo okanye iimbuyekezo zerhafu. Amagosa ase-USCIS afumana uqeqesho lokuchaza iiflegi ezibomvu ezibonisa ukuqhatha komtshato, ezifana nokungalingani komntu oneminyaka ebalaseleyo, imiqobo yolwimi, okanye ukungavumelani kwimpendulo yodliwano-ndlebe.

Inkqubela yesicelo sokwemvelo sezamkeli

Ukunika inkqubo yokuvelisa indalo kufuneka ulungiselele ngenyameko kwaye unikele ingqalelo kwinkcukacha. Umsebenzi ophumayo ubandakanya amaqondo amaninzi, ngalinye elineemfuno ezikhethekileyo nemigibe enokwenzeka.

Ifomu yeN-400 yokubhabha

Le nkqubo iqala ngokunikezela iFomu N-400, Isicelo sokuTshamisa, kunye nomrhumo ofunekayo. Abaququzeli kufuneka baquke ubungqina bomtshato wabo kwiqabane lobumi base-U.S., kuquka ikopi yesiqinisekiso somtshato, ubungqina bobumi beqabane lomtshato lase-U.S., kunye noxwebhu olubonisa umanyano lomtshato kwiminyaka emithathu engaphambili. Abaququzeli mabayihlolisise ngenyameko indlela yokuchanaba ngenxa yempazamo okanye ukutyeshelwa kwemithetho enokuthi ikhokelele ekulibaziseni okanye ekukhanyeni.

Amaxwebhu axhasayo aquka ikopi ekhutshwayo yamacala omabini eSigxina sekhadi le-Resident (Green Passport), iifoto ezimbini zendlela yokungena, kunye nesiqinisekiso somtshato esiqinisekisiwe. Ukuba umtshato uvele ngaphandle kwe-United States, umtshato kufuneka usebenze kwilizwe apho wawusenziwa khona kwaye uqashelwe phantsi komthetho wase-U. iqabane lommi wase-United States kufuneka linikeze ubungqina bokuba ngummi, njengesiqinisekiso sokuzalwa, isatifiketi somtshato wemvelo, okanye isityiso-pasi sokundwendwe esisebenzayo sase-U.

Incopho yobeko lwephepha

Emva kokuba i-USCIS yamkele isicelo se-N-400, umfaki-sicelo ufumana isaziso sokumisa umatshini webhayoloji. Kweli dinga, u-USCIS uqokelela iminwe, iifoto, kunye notyikityo ukuze aqhube ii-checks ezingasemva. Ezi zivavanya ubunikazi bomfaki-sicelo kunye nekhusi ngayo nayiphi na imbali yesigebenga okanye inkxalabo yokhuseleko. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bazise isaziso sokumiselwa kwabo kunye nefoto kwi-projectments.

Udliwano - ndlebe Lokwemvelo

Udliwano-ndlebe lokwemvelo lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Ebudeni balo dliwano-ndlebe, igosa le-USCIS lihlola isicelo, linika iimvavanyo zamaNgesi namaphondo, livavanya ubunyani bomtshato. Kubantu abafaka isicelo somtshato, udliwano-ndlebe lusoloko luquka imibuzo ejoliswe kuwo omabini amaqabane atshatileyo ngolwalamano, ubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunye nezicwangciso zexesha elizayo. Abaphathi-mikhosi bangabuza imibuzo malunga namalungiselelo okuhlala kwesibini, amalungu entsapho, iiholide, nemisebenzi eyabelana ngayo.

Abatshakazi kufuneka balungiselele udliwano-ndlebe ngokuqwalasela isicelo sabo kunye nokuxubusha iinkcukacha zolwalamano lwabo. Ukungavumelani phakathi kweempendulo zamaqabane kungabangela ukukrokra ngokuchana komtshato. Ukuba igosa ligqiba ukuba umtshato awukho mganyana, isicelo singakhanyelwa, kwaye i-USCIS ingaqalisa iziganeko zokususwa.

Uvavanyo lwesiNgesi ne-Covics

Bonke abafaki-zicelo zendalo, kuquka amaqabane abemi base-U.S., kufuneka babonise ubuchule kwisiNgesi nakulwazi lwembali norhulumente wase-United States. Uvavanyo lwesiNgesi luhlola ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nokuthetha. Uvavanyo lwamaphondo luquka imibuzo ngezakhiwo zikarhulumente wase-United States, iziganeko zembali, namalungelo kunye namalungelo abantu. i-USCIS inikela izixhobo zokufundisisa, kuquka imibuzo e-100, ukunceda abafaki-zicelo ukuba balungiselele.

Abanye abafaki-zicelo basenokufanelekela ukufumana indawo yokuhlala. Ngokomzekelo, abafaki-zicelo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala abaye bahlala eUnited States njengabemi abasisigxina ubuncinane iminyaka engama-20 basenokuvavanywa ngabasemakhayeni ngolwimi lwabo. Ngokufanayo, abafaki-zicelo abaneziphene zezamayeza basenokucela abasebenzi abanoxwebhu olufanelekileyo.

Iingenelo Zokuzalwa Komtshato

Ukwenziwa komtshato kunika iingenelo ezininzi kunendlela yendalo esesikweni. Ezi ingenelo zibonakalisa iimeko ezikhethekileyo zeentsapho nokubaluleka kokuba ngummi ukuze kugcinwe umanyano lwentsapho.

Ixesha eliphindaphindiweyo

Eyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo kukuncitshiswa kwento efunekayo. Kunokuba alinde iminyaka emihlanu, amaqabane abemi base-United States angafaka isicelo sokuzimela emva kweminyaka emithathu esemthethweni yokuhlala ngokusemthethweni. Oku kufutshane kuvumela amaqabane asemzini ukuba afumane amalungelo nobumi ngokukhawuleza, kuquka amalungelo okuvota, amathuba omsebenzi karhulumente, nokukhuselwa ekugxothweni.

Ubumi Babantwana

Abantwana babemi bendalo base-U.S. banokufumana ubumi ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yokuzisebenzela kwabazali babo. Phantsi koMthetho weSimi sabantwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala, abantwana abathile abahlala eUnited States behlala ngokusemthethweni benomzali wommi e-U.S. Eli lungiselelo liyenza ibe lula into yokuba bonke abantu bafuduke.

Ukunceda Intsapho Ngobuchule

Xa sele beyimimimi yaseUnited States, abemi abathile baseUnited States banokuxhasa amalungu entsapho yabo ukuze bafumane iinzuzo zokufuduka.

Ucelomngeni nolwazelelelo ekuzinzisweni komtshato

Nakubeni ziluncedo, inkqubo yokuzibophelela inika iingxaki ezininzi abacela ukutshatileyo abamele bazilindele. Ukuqonda le miqobo kunceda abo bafaka isicelo balungiselele kakuhle kwaye baphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo.

Uphando Olude Lobuqhetseba Bomtshato

I-USCIS inikezela ngoovimba abaninzi bokufumanisa urhwaphilizo lomtshato kwizicelo zokufuduka. Amagosa afumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokuchaza izalathiso zomtshato oqhathayo. Lo mbutho wenza utyelelo kwinxuwa, udliwano-ndlebe noluntu, kunye nohlolo-xwebhu olunentlupheko ephezulu. Abangakwaziyo ukubonisa ulwalamano lomtshato lokwenene bajamelana nokukhanyelwa neziphumo ezinokwenzeka ezingomthetho.

Inkohliso yomtshato lityala elinzulu phantsi komthetho wase-United States. Abantu abagwetyelwe ukuqhatha ngomtshato bajamelana neminyaka emihlanu entolongweni, iihlawulo, kunye nokugxothwa. Bobabini iqabane lolunye uhlanga kunye nommi welinye ilizwe waseUnited States banokujamelana netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuba bazi ukuba baba nenxaxheba kumtshato okhohliweyo. Amagosa arhwaphilizo azithatha nzulu ezi zityala, ewenza uphando olucokisekileyo yaye egweba nabenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho.

Uqhawulo - mtshato Okanye Ukwahlukana Ngexesha Lomtshato

Ukuba umtshato uphela kuqhawulo-mtshato okanye kukwahlukana ngexesha lokuhlala iminyaka emithathu, umfaki-sicelo uphulukana nokufaneleka komtshato osekelwe kumtshato. Umcebisi kufuneka alinde de afikelele kwimfuneko esesikweni yokuhlala iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba afake isicelo sokuba ngummi welizwe, acinge ukuba ahlala engokwasemthethweni. Lo mthetho ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokulondoloza ulwalamano lomtshato kuyo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza.

Ukuba ummi welifayo iqabane lommi wase-United States ebudeni beminyaka emithathu, iqabane elisele lisenokufanelekela ukuhlaliswa phantsi kweemeko ezithile. IImmigration and Nationality Act inika abahlolo nabahlolokazi isiqabu abanokubonakalisa umtshato wabo ufana nowe-bona face kwaye baye bahlala eUnited States.

IiNkxaso zokuHlakulelwa kweMbali

Izihlobo ezifumene ikhadi lazo eliluhlaza ngomtshato phakathi kweminyaka emibini yokuqala yomtshato zifumana indawo yokuhlala epheleleyo exhomekekileyo kwixesha leminyaka emibini. Phambi kokuba indawo yokuhlala enemiqathango iphele, isibini kufuneka sidibane ifayile yefomu I-751 ukususa iimeko. Ukungaphumeleli ukushicilela isicelo kungaphumela ekulahlekelweni kwemeko yokuhlala okusisigxina, okungakuthinteli ukusetyenziswa kwendalo.

Ukuba umtshato uphela ngexesha lokuhlala elinemiqathango, iqabane lolunye uhlanga lisenokufuna umxhasi wemfuno yokudibanisa iqabane. Lowo udibanisi-mali ufuna ubungqina bokuba umtshato ungene elukholweni olulungileyo, phezu kwako nje ukuqhawula umtshato. i-USCIS ihlolisisa ngenyameko ezi zicelo zokwaphula umthetho, yaye ayiqinisekiswanga.

Imbali Ethetha Ngomtshato Ngokusekelwe Kwindalo

Indima yomtshato kumthetho wendalo wase-U.S. izenzeke ngokuphawulekayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Imithetho yangaphambili yokufuduka ayizange iwugqale umtshato njengendlela ekhethekileyo yokuba ngummi. UMthetho wokuqala olawulayo wokufuduka, i-Immigation Act ka-1924, emiselwe ii-arhente ezisekelwe kwimvelaphi yesizwe kwaye ayizange inike amaqabane akhetheke. Akuzange kube de kube nguMthetho wokufuduswa nomthetho wesizwe ka-19522, ukuba ummi wase-U.S.

Ukulungisa okulandelayo kwandisa izikhuseli zeentsapho. IziHlaliso zoHlaziyo loMtshato loHlaziyo loMngcipheko woNyaka wowama-1986 zaseka amanyathelo okuhlala kwimiqathango kunye nomthetho ongqongqo wokuphelisa imishado yokuqhatha. Ezi zindululo zasabela kwinkxalabo yokwanda kokuqhatha komtshato kwinkqubo yokufuduka. Kamva, kuquka i-Immigration Reformation kunye noMthetho we-Immigrant Justice ka-199, i-1996, imfuno engakumbi kunye nezohlwayo eziqinisiweyo zoqhatheko.

Kutshanje, iinguqu zenkqubo zijolise ekulungelelaniseni umanyano lwentsapho kunye nokugcinwa komthetho. Ucwangciso lwangoku lubonisa ukuphuhliswa kwamashumi eminyaka kwemithetho kunye nolawulo, kuveliswa inkqubo enika iingenelo ezifanelekileyo kumaqabane omtshato okwenyaniso ngoxa ezama ukuthintela ukuxhatshazwa. Ukuqonda le ndaleko kunceda abafaki-sicelo bezendaleko baqonde ukubaluleka kokukhutshwa komtshato kumthetho we-U.S.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okusebenzisa Isicelo

Abacebisi bangathatha amanyathelo aqinileyo ukomeleza izicelo zabo zendalo nokusebenzisa inkqubo ngokunempumelelo. Ulungiselelo noxwebhu olucokisekileyo lubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba luncedo nokuphepha ulibaziseko olungeyomfuneko.

Ukuqokelela Ubungqina Bomtshato Wokwenene

Izicelo kufuneka ziqokelele ubungqina obupheleleyo bolwalamano lwabo lomtshato phambi kokuba bafake ifomu yeN-400. Ubungqina kufuneka bubonise ukwabelana ngeembopheleleko zemali, ukuhlalisana kwabantu kunye namaqhina angokweemvakalelo. Ubungqina obunamandla buquka iingxelo zemali yebhanki edityanisiweyo, iingxelo zekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala, iirentergion okanye iimali ezibotshelelweyo, iindleko zemali ze-mali, i-inshorensi, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwerhafu egcinwe kunye.

Ukubhalwa kweziganeko zobomi ezidityanisiweyo kubalulekile. Iifoto zomtshato, zihamba ngemitshini, amakhadi okubulisa, kunye neposi zingaxhasa isicelo. Ii-ffidavits ezivela kubahlobo, amalungu entsapho, nabamelwane abanokungqina ubunyani bolwalamano zinika inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo. Okukhona ubungqina obuninzi bunika, kokukhona u-USCIS uya kufumana i-hover yomtshato.

Ukulungiselela Udliwano - ndlebe

Udliwano-ndlebe lokwemvelo lufuna ukulungiselela ngenyameko. Zombini ezi zibini mazihlole isicelo kunye kunye kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba zingaphendula imibuzo ngokuqhubekayo. Amagosa kufuneka aziqhelisele ukuphendula imibuzo ephathelele imihla ngemihla, amalungiselelo okuhlala, imbali yentsapho, kunye nezicwangciso zexesha elizayo. Inkcazo phakathi kweempendulo zamaqabane angasinciphisa isicelo.

Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe ngobuchule kudliwano-ndlebe kwaye bafike kwangoko ngezona zincwadi zifunekayo. Kufuneka bazise imibhalo yantlandlolo yesiqinisekiso somtshato wabo, ikhadi eliluhlaza, iipasisport, kunye nabo bonke ubungqina obungephi obungafakwanga ngaphambili. Ukugcina indlela yokuzibamba ezolileyo nentsebenziswano ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe kunceda ukuba uthathe imbono entle kwigosa le-USCIS.

Ukusebenza ngeAttorney Efudukayo

Ekubeni kuntsonkothile ukusetyenziswa komtshato, abafaki-zicelo abaninzi bayangenelwa ngokusebenza negqwetha elinamava okufuduka. IiAttorney zinganceda ekulungiseleleni isicelo, ukuqokelela kunye nokuphendula imicimbi esenokubakho ngaphambi kokuba babe ziingxaki. Ukumela umthetho kubaluleke kakhulu kubafaki-zicelo ezinembali ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana nokwaphulwa kwangaphambili, iingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye imitshato yangaphambili.

Xa bekhetha igqwetha, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bakhethe umntu ogunyaziswe ukusebenzisa umthetho kunye namava kwiimeko zokuzinzisa. IZiko loPhuhliso-mthetho leMelika linika oovimba bokufumana amagqwetha afanelekayo. Abafaki-zicelo mabalumke kwii-norio okanye kwabanye abantu abanikela iinkonzo zokufuduka ngaphandle kwemvume esemthethweni.

Iimbono eziqhelekileyo eziphosakeleyo malunga nomtshato osekelwe kukwemvelo

Iimbono eziliqela eziphosakeleyo ziyaqhubeka ngokuzimela ngokuyila. Ukuthetha ngezi ngxaki kunceda abo bafaka isicelo bafikelele kule nkqubo ngolindelo oluchanekileyo.

[[FLT: 0] I-Miscreency: Umtshato kummi wase-U.S. unika ubumi ngokuzenzekelayo. Umtshato awubuzi ukuba ngummi. Inika kuphela indlela yokufumana indalo ephantsi kwazo zonke iimfuno. Iqabane lolunye uhlanga kufuneka lisebenzise, lidlulise iimvavanyo, lize lanelise zonke iindidi ezifanelekileyo.

Ukulungisa: Le nkqubo ilula kwaye iyakhawuleza. Ngelixesha inika ixesha elifutshane elisikwe kumtshato, inkqubo isabandakanya amaphepha amaninzi, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nohlalutyo. Ixesha lokulungiselela lahluka ngokwendawo kwaye lingathatha iinyanga okanye kwaneminyaka kwezinye iimeko.

Ukungagqibeki: Isatifiketi somtshato bubungqina obaneleyo. ISI ifuna ubungqina obuninzi ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso somtshato ukubonisa ulwalamano lokwenyaniso. Isatifiketi sodwa asikwanelisi imfuneko yomtshato ofezayo.

Ukungagqibeki kwe-Misc: Abantwana baba ngabemi ngokuzenzekelayo xa umzali ezenza ngokwemvelo. Ukuba ngummi okuqhelekileyo kusebenza kuphela kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 abahlangabezana neemfuno ezithile, kuquka indawo yokuhlala ehlala ngokusisigxina esemthethweni kunye nomzali wommi. Abantwana abadala abazenzekeli bafumane ubumi ngenxa yokuzisebenzela komzali.

Isiphelo

Umtshato usoloko uyinxalenye esisiseko yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwendalo kumaqabane amaninzi asemzini ase-U.S. unika indlela enentsingiselo yokuba ngumbutho wobumi obubonisa ukubaluleka komanyano lwentsapho. Iimfuno zokuhlala ezincitshisiweyo nezinye iingenelo ezenza ukuba ukusetyenziswa komtshato kube lukhetho olunomtsalane, kodwa inkqubo ifuna ukulungiswa kakuhle, uxwebhu olucokisekileyo, kunye nokuzinikela okunyanisekileyo. Abacebisi abaqonda iimfuno ezisemthethweni, balungiselela ngenkuthalo, kwaye banikela ubungqina obuchanileyo bolwalamano lwabo lomtshato banokuphumelela. Ngokutyhalela inkqubo yokuzinza kwendalo ngokunelisa, amaqabane asemzini anokufumana ubumi kunye namaqabane abo aseMelika.