Amandla Ahlala Ehleli Asetyenziswa Yinkosi

Imifanekiso yentsapho yasebukhosini ibisebenza kangangexesha elide njengemifanekiso nje efana neyookumkani kunye neentsapho zabo. Kwiinkulungwane namasiko, le mifanekiso iye yasebenza njengezixhobo ezinamandla zolawulo, imiqondiso ye-dynastic eqhubekekayo, kunye nezipili zemigangatho ejikelezayo yobugcisa kunye nentlalo. Ukusuka kwimifanekiso eqinileyo yeqela lamaXesha aphakathi ukuya kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yanamhlanje, imifanekiso yobukumkani ihlala ikwifestile ekhethekileyo yendlela amandla aziveza ngayo i̬ kwaye indlela efuna ukukhunjulwa ngayo. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo kufuna kungahloli nje kuphela oko le mifanekiso ibonisa, kodwa oko ikufihlayo.

Imvelaphi nemisebenzi yemifanekiso yangaphambili yobukumkani

Isithethe sokugunyazisa imifanekiso yokumkani sinwenwa nzulu nzulu mandulo, kodwa indlela esiyiqaphela ngayo namhlanje i-ethecs kwiYurophu yamaxesha aphakathi kunye neNguquko. Phambi kokuba kubekho imifanekiso eshicilelweyo, i-most ̱ imifanekiso yayiyinto enqabileyo, elawulwayo. Yaboniswa kwiiholo ezinkulu okanye yanikelwa njengezipho zezolawulo, isoloko isebenza njengendawo yokuma yomlawuli i̱. Kwisizukulwana esingenazo iifoto okanye isininzi, umfanekiso opeyindlela engundoqo apho izihloko neenkundla zangaphandle zazinokuveza imbonakalo yomphathi wabo.

Le mifanekiso yamandulo yagxininisa imigangatho, ukwenziwa komthetho, kunye neempawu zomfuziselo kwinkcukacha zendalo. Ukumkani angaboniswa ebekwe etroneni, ephethe intonga yobukhosi kunye nookruthakruthakru, eneminwe emibini yentsikelelo ephakanyiswe i̬ isithonga esibonakalayo esibolekiweyo kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaKristu ngobungangamsha. Umsebenzi yayingekokubamba ubuntu obukhethekileyo kodwa ukubeka iofisi ngokwayo. Umlawuli wayengaphantsi kwenqanawa yegunya lobuthixo, kwaye umfanekiso wagxininisa loo myalezo ngokweenkcukacha zonke, ukuma, kunye nokucwangciswa kwayo.

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu, ukunyuka kwemifanekiso ye-oyile kunye nempembelelo yenyani yakwaNetherlandis kwaqalisa ukutshintsha le paradigm. Abazobi abafana noJan van Eyck bazisa ingqalelo engathethekiyo kuhlobo, ukukhanya, kwakunye neempawu ezizodwa, kwanakwimifanekiso yenkundla yeBhumpundian. Kodwa kwanjengokuba ubunyani buye banda, umfuziselo wahlala umkhulu. Ukumkanikazi i̱ isinxibo esihonjiswe ngeentyatyatyambo zisenokuthetha ngokuzala; ukufakwa kwetshe elinqabileyo elithile kwakunokuthetha ngesivumelwano sezobupolitika okanye ukuzibanga ukuba yintambo yetrone efihlakeleyo. Le mifanekiso isebenza njengezivakalisi zezopolitiki, ezinokuthenjwa kwizifundo zezomthetho.

I-Evolution Yomelo Lokubuyiselwa Kwe-Gaul

Ukuguquka Kweenguquko Kubantu Nokumkani Omnye Nomnye

IRenaissance yagxininisa ngokutsha kumntu ngamnye, kwaye imifanekiso yobukumkani yaqalisa ukubonakalisa ukuxinana phakathi kwesikhundla kunye nomntu. UTitian’ imifanekiso yoMlawuli uCharles V, umzekelo, ithatha zombini ubunzima bolawulo kunye nomntu otyhafileyo yiyo. ENgilani, uHans Holbein Omncinci wadala imifanekiso engacimekiyo kaHenry VIIIN Ô wafaka ingubo entle, efakelwe ingubo entle kakhulu, kwaye walawula ngokupheleleyo ifreyi. Le mifanekiso yayibonisa amandla nobutyebi, kodwa kwakhona yayibonisa ubuntu obusemva kwesithsabathathu. Umzobi u̱ ubuchule bokuguqulela inyama, iseyile, kunye nokuchaza kokumkani, iziva inguwona, enyani kakhulu, kwaye eyoyiyo.

Kuyo yonke inkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu, imifanekiso yasebukhosini yaba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokulandelelana nothethano lomtshato. Xa uElizabeth I waseNgilani wayehleli kwimifanekiso yakhe, zonke izinto zamiselwa ukuba zidlulisele imiyalezo yobunyulu, ubuProtestanti, kunye namabhongo alawulayo. I-Armada Pratoractification ” ibonisa isandla sakhe simi kwingquzulwano, isinxibo sakhe sihonjiswe ngeeperile (ubunyulu), kwaye ngasemva, umkhosi wesiSpanish owoyisileyo. Lo mfanekiso uluxwebhu oludumileyo, inxalenye yenkohliso, kunye nomsebenzi ohlala ukho konke oko.

UBaroque Grandeur Namalungelo KaThixo

Ixesha likaBaroque laqinisa ukuboniswa kwemifanekiso yasebukhosini. Ukulawula ixesha elide kukaLouis XIV waseFransi kunye nabantu ababephila ngexesha lakhe kwafuna imifanekiso enokubabangela bahlonele abantu kunye naboyikisa abaphikisi. Abazobi abafana noHyacinthe Rigaud bapeyinta uKumkani welanga ethwele iingubo zokubophelela, ngentambo ende, i-ermine, nekrele likaCharlemagne. Lo mfanekiso uphantse wabangela ukuba ungabi nakuthandabuza ngokumkani ̱ unamandla apheleleyo nokuzibanga lakhe lokuba unegunya lokulawula uThixo.

Esi simbo sasasazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. ESpeyin, uDiego Valázquezz wapeyinta inkundla yeHabsburg ngohlobo olwahlukileyo lobungangamsha ̬ isiqu esidityaniswe nobunzulu bengqondo obunzulu, njengokuba kubonwa kwimifanekiso yakhe kaPhilip IV kunye neNgona Margarita oselula. ENgilani, uMhlekazi Anthony van Dyck waveza umbono ofanelekileyo wenkundla yaseCaroli, eyenza uKumkani uCharles I abonakale njengesizwe esiqhelekileyo, umntu ophezulu kwananjengoxa inkxwaleko yezobupolitika inyuka. Umfanekiso wasebukhosini uBaroque yayisoloko iyinto exabisa kakhulu kwibhotwe, ichaza ukubaluleka kwayo njengesixhobo sokulawula.

Inkulungwane Ye - 18 Neye - 19: Ukusuka Kwindlela Yobuntu Ukuya Kwisihlobo

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, iingcamango zoKhanyiso zaqalisa ukuphinda ziqale ukulindela ukhokelo kunye nomelo. Oosomasti babefuna ngokuqhubekayo ukubonwa njengooyise abanobubele kubantu babo kunokuba babonwe njengoothixo abakude. Imifanekiso yabazobi njengoJoshua Reynolds noThomas Gaillsborough yenkundla yaseBritane yathambisa umgaqo ongqongqo wexesha langaphambili, ukubeka abalawuli kwimimiselo yobukhosi okanye ukuba babandakanye kwimisebenzi yentsapho. Isigidi esishicilelwe kwi ̴ ndingumlawuli wakho omiswe ngubuthixo ekunene i” ukuya kwi ̴ I intloko yentsapho nohlanga.&8221;

Ukuveliswa kwemifanekiso efotayo ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinethoba kwazisa utshintsho olunzulu. Umfanekiso odumileyo kaJohn Jabez Edwin Mayall, [FLD:] iQueen Victoria wamkela le ndlela entsha enembasa, wathumela imifanekiso eyambonisa njengomfazi, umama, nomhlolokazi, kunye nomlawuli. Umfanekiso odumileyo kaJohn Jabez Edwin Mayall, [[FLT:] iQueen kunye nentsapho [[FLLL:1], wanikela ulawulo lokumkanikazi njengemodeli yesidima sasekhaya ngexesha uBukhosi baseBritani babufuna isitulo, umqondiso osezantsi embindini wayo.

Ukukhupha uphawu kwimiboniso yobukumkani

Ilungu ngalinye lomfanekiso oqhelekileyo wobukumkani likhethwa ngenjongo. Izithsaba, iintonga zobukhosi, iintsimbi, kunye namakrele zizizibonelelo ezicacileyo zegunya, kodwa zininzi kakhulu. Ilitye leperile lingamela iinyembezi okanye inyanga, ngaloo ndlela lidibanisa ikumkanikazi noDiana iphinis. Umqulu ongasemva ucebisa amandla nokuzinza. Ifestile evuliweyo ingabonisa ukubonakala okanye ukutyhilwa kwenyaniso. Kwanecala le monarch & #817; imijongo ithetha: ukukhangela ngqo kwimiyalelo ejongiweyo; ukukhangela ecaleni kucebisa ukuqwala okanye ukunxibelelana kwegunya eliphezulu.

I-compame izele yimifuziselo. Uboya be-Ermine, obudla ngokugcinelwa amanene, imiqondiso ecocekileyo kunye nesikhundla. Umbala omfusa ubunxulunyaniswa nelasebukhosini ngenxa yeendleko zedayi yaseTire. Kwimifanekiso kakumkanikazi uVictoria, impahla emhlophe yomtshato enxitywa nguAlexandra wase Denmark (kanye uKumkanikazi uAlexandra) umisela ifashoni eqhubeka iphembelela abatshakazi basebukhosini namhlanje. Kodwa kwakhona imbonakalo yempahla ebomvu ibonise iinyani zezobupolitika: Victoria ̱ kamva imifanekiso yakhe idla ngokuboniswa kumhlolokazi ̱ iimpahla ezimnyama, isikhumbuzi esinamandla sokulila kwakhe okude kuPrince Albert nozinzo olungcwele awazisa kulawulo lwakhe.

Isiqalo nezicwangciso aziqhelekanga ngengozi. Iindawo ezibukekayo zingabhekisa kwi-modem ’ umthetho. Izangaphakathi ezineempawu zokwakha ezicacileyo ̬ njengePalamente yeVersailles kwimifanekiso kaLouis XP ̬ ingcambu engumlawuli kwindawo ethile yegunya. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, imifanekiso esemthethweni ka-Elizabeth II isoloko imbeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi elula, eshushu okanye kwimiyezodi yeminquba yekumkani, ecebisa ngokuchuliweyo ukufikelela kwisikhundla esithile ngoxa igcina isidima.

Imizekelo Ephawulekayo Kwimbali Yalo Lonke

UElizabeth I: Isigqubuthelo Sobutsha

Imifanekiso kaQueen Elizabeth I iphakathi kweyona ifundwa kakhulu kuluhlu lwezobuhlanga lwaseNtshona. Ijongene nocelomngeni lokumela ikumkanikazi engatshatanga, engenabantwana kwihlabathi elingusolusapho, inkundla yakhe yayila ulwimi olubonakalayo lobutsha obungunaphakade, ubunyulu, nokungabinabungozi. I ̴ Ditchley Emograin ̵ i-Dichley Prains ̵ ibonisa ukuma kwakhe emephini yaseNgilani, iinyawo zakhe zityalwe ngokuqinile kummandla wakhe. I- ̴ Rainbow Morty Paration ̵ iyi-webreyithing: ingubon yamehlo akhe kunye neendlebe (ubona kwaye uva konke), inyoka yobulumko kumkhono wakhe, kwaye esandleni sakhe sifake umnyama ngesiqu [FLD [F] [flgn] [1] ngaphandle komnyama weming).

Louis XIV: Ifektri Yomfanekiso kaKumkani weLanga

Akukho kumkani kwimbali wazenzela ngabom ngokusetyenziswa komfanekiso oqingqiweyo kunoLouis XIV. Umfanekiso ka Hyacinthe Rigaud ukususela ngowe-1701 waba ngumfanekiso opheleleyo wolawulo olupheleleyo. Ukumkani uboniswa phakathi kwee-66, usabeka, ingubo yokubopha kunye nentambo yoMthombo oNgcwele. Emva kwakhe, ilenga elinzima litsalwa ukuveza intsika nentsika exhasa isithsaba. Ukwenziwa kokumkani ngubuchule bokusasaza izikhundla zeseyile, kwaye umboniseli i̱ iliso litsalwa ngokungagwetyekiyo lidelele kwinkangeleko yakhe, ubuso obunegunya. Lo mfanekiso wakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwetyala zeYurophu, ukusasaza isithsaba sokumkani i-&817; njengobungangamfoti obubalaseleyo bobukumkani.

Ukumkanikazi uVictoria nokuzalwa kwe “ uMonarchy ̵

Ngokwahlukileyo kwibhombu ye-absolutism yaseFrentshi, uKumkanikazi uVictoria ’ ulawulo lwakhe lwabona ukuphuhliswa komfanekiso osondele ngakumbi, ovakalayo womfanekiso wobukumkani. Umfanekiso opeyintwe kwaye kamva othwetshulweyo wagxininisa amaqhina omkhosi kunye nokuziphatha okungatshintshiyo. Kwi-Xaver Winterhanter ’ umzobo we-1846, Intsapho yasebukhosi ngo1846 , uVictoria noAlbert bajikelezwe ngabantwana babo kwintlanganiso ekhululekileyo, esekhaya. Ikumkanikazi inxiba isinxiba esimhlophe esimhlophe; ipolisa ipole inguwezimpahla eziqhelekileyo. Umyalezo wawucacile: ubukumkani baseBritani bema ngomgangatho ophakathi wekhaya, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wendlu yasekhaya.

Ookumkani Banamhlanje: UElizabeth II Nangaphezulu

Imifanekiso kakumkanikazi uElizabeth II ukutyhubela ulawulo lwakhe olude ilandela isalatha-sangqa ukusuka kumkhosi wobukumkani ukuya kudityaniswa ngokucokisekileyo kwesithethe kunye nokufumaneka. Imifanekiso yangaphambili efana neyooCecil Beaton, yanika ukumkanikazi oselula kwimibhiyozo epheleleyo, engqongwe yimibhiyozo yemibhiyozo yakudala. Kamva imifanekiso ka-Annie Leibovitz kunye nabanye bayibonise kwimimiselo engacwangciswanga kakuhle: ukuhambahamba kwiingadi ze-Winds, ukuma kwithala leencwadi eBalmage, okanye ukuhlala kunye necorgis yakhe. Le mifanekiso igcina isidima sesithsaba sokumkani kodwa ikwadlulisela ingcamango yokumkani ongenekayo, osondelenekayo, nabanye abantu, kwaye unxibelelene kakhulu nohlanga lwakhe.

Ilifa Lenkcubeko Lokuzotywa Kolawulo Lobukumkani

Imifanekiso yasebukhosini ingaphezulu kakhulu kunezinto zakudala. Ziziimvelaphi eziphambili zokuqonda imijikelo yobukrelekrele neyobupolitika ngexesha labo. Uhlolisiso lwendlela ezityhila iimbonakalo zemifanekiso lubonisa ukuguquka kwesimo sengqondo ngegunya, ubufana, unqulo, kunye nesizwe. Zikwabhala utshintsho kwifashoni, izinto ezizodwa, uyilo lwangaphakathi, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa. Kubabhali-mbali, umfanekiso omnye ungavelisa ulwazi malunga nendlela zorhwebo (ukuqinisekiswa kwemigoqo nengubo), iinguqu zenkundla (ilungiselelo lemifanekiso yemifanekiso yezobugcisa), kwanembali yezonyango (iindlela zokugula ezibonakalayo ngohlobo lolusu okanye ukuma kwendlela).

Iimyuziyam neendawo ezibanzi ehlabathini zinikezela amaphiko onke kwimifanekiso yasebukhosini. [[FLT:] I-Royal Coontation Trust eUnited Kingdom ihlala isakhiwo esineengqokelela ezinkulu nezibalulekileyo, eziquka iinkulungwane ezintlanu. Luvre[FLT][3] eParis, i-[FLT] i-Museo del Prado [ i-eyeyona ngqokelela enkulu nebalulekileyo eMikhosi, kwaye [[FLT] Krisris Museum [[FLT]] i-irightiams eVienna yonke imifanekiso ebanzi etsala izigidi zeendwendwe. Ezi zinto ziba yinxalenye yemvelaphi yaseYurophu, neyneebhusayithi, nee-equesterors, kunye neengxelo zezobupolitika zezobupolitika zezobupolitika, zibonakala kwi-intergic; iingxelo ze-irreactives, kunye nee-factives; zifumaneka kwizixhobo zezobupolitika.

Kwixesha elikuqwalaselwa ngalo ukusekwa kolawulo lobukumkani nokuphikiswana ngalo, lo mfanekiso uhlala usisisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuguqula uluntu. Ukukhutshwa kwefoto entsha esemthethweni yentsapho yasebukhosini kungalawula imijikelezo yendaba kunye nezixhobo zokunxibelelana. Ukukhethwa komfoti, ukuseka, impahla, kwanokususwa okanye ukubekwa kwamalungu athile entsapho kuthumela imiqondiso ehlalutyiswa ngabahlalutyi kunye nabantu ngokufanayo. Umfanekiso awusengomnye nje umzo okanye ushicilelo; sisiganeko esilawulwa ngamaqela ee-millics, esilawulwa ngamaqela enxibelelana nawo kwaye sisasazwa emhlabeni wonke ngemizuzwana nje embalwa.

Ukanti kuyo yonke indaleko kubugcisa nakwindlela yokusebenza, injongo ebalulekileyo yemifanekiso yobukumkani iyahlala ihleli. Lilinge lokulungisa umfanekiso wamandla nokuqhubekeka kwixesha. Yonke imifanekiso ingumqondiso wokuba lo mntu, le ntsapho, le miba yomnombo. Njengoko uBukumkani, i-Netherlands, iSpeyin, iMonaco, kunye nezinye i-monasco zihamba ngenkulungwane yokuqala, ziza kuqhubeka zithumela imifanekiso ekwi ̬ kwaye ihlabathi liza kuqhubeka lijonga kuzo, lifuna iziphumo malunga noko kuthethwa ngukumkani ngexesha lolawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Isiphelo

Imifanekiso yentsapho yasebukhosini ayizange ibe yimifanekiso elula. Zizinto ezintsonkothileyo ezidibanisa ubugcisa, ezopolitiko, ezonqulo, kunye nokuzichaza komntu ngamnye. Ukusukela kwibala eliqinileyo, eliwuphawu lwenkundla yamaxesha aphakathi ukuya kwimifanekiso yamanani epholishiweyo yale mihla, umfanekiso ngamnye ubonisa amaxabiso namaxhala exesha lawo. Zizipili kunye nezibumbelo: zibonisa indlela ookumkani abazijonga ngayo ngokwabo nendlela abanqwenela ukubonwa ngayo, kwaye banceda ekubumbeni imbonakalo kawonke-wonke-wonke i̱ ukulindela oko umlawuli amele abe kuko.

Xa kusenzeka iitrone nezithsaba, kuya kubakho abazobi nabafoti abasebenza ngokuthabatha umlinganiselo ongenakubonwa wobungangamsha noluntu. Kwixesha elizayo umi phambi komfanekiso wasebukhosini kwigalagi okanye kwincwadana engaphezulu, yima ukuze ungaqwalaseli nje ubuso bakho, kodwa uqwalasele iinkulungwane zenjongo, ingcaphephe, nephulo elikubangela ukuba ubekho.