Ukuqonda imiyalelo yabalawuli kunye nempembelelo yenkqubo yabo

Imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo ibekelwe imigangatho phakathi kwezixhobo ezithe zanesiphumo esikhoyo kuMongameli we-United States ukubumba inkqubo yasekhaya neyolunye uhlanga. Le miyalelo ivumela umphathi oyintloko ukuba alathise amaqumrhu karhulumente, achaze imithetho ekhoyo, acwangcise izinto eziza kuqala ngaphandle kokulinda ukuvunywa kombutho wolawulo. Ngoxa umGaqo-siseko we-U.S. ungakhankanyi ngokucacileyo imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo, zisuka kumongameli i’ zigunya lesi-2 kwi-oksigqeba kwi-mthetho ye-'#8220; nyamekela ukuba imithetho isetyenziswe ngokuthembeka i” kwaye kwinkonzo yamandla onegunya kumntu omnye. Kwikhondo lembali yaseMerika, oomongameli baye basebenzisa imiyalelo yolawulo oluphezulu ekuphumeleni utshintsho, ekuphumeleni kwemiqatha, ekuqhubeni kwemiqatha yemiqatha, kunye nokuqhuba imiqatha yemithetho xa kusenziwa kwimithetho.

Amandla omyalelo olawulayo axhomekeke kulawulo lwawo oluphezulu, kwaye lungapheliswa yiBhunga ukuba igqithise umthetho ophikisana nomyalelo, okanye inkundla ukuba umyalelo udlulele kumongameli ̱ uqonda ukuba imigaqo yegunya isebenza njani na.

Indlela Asebenza Ngayo Amaqela

Umyalelo olawulayo ngumthetho otyikitywe, obhaliweyo ovela kumongameli olawula imisebenzi karhulumente wesizwe. Impembelelo esemthethweni yomyalelo olawulayo ingahlukahluka: eminye imiyalelo eyalela abameli ukuba bafunde inkupho okanye baxele izinto ezifunyenweyo, ngoxa eminye idala iimfuno ezizinzileyo ezithwala impembelelo yomthetho kubasebenzi besebe abaphezulu. Imiyalelo yegunya ibalalwe ngokwemo-mali kwaye ipapashwe kwi Register[, ulindixesha osemthethweni karhulumente.

Imiyalelo yolawulo oluphezulu yahlukile kwezinye izixhobo zomongameli ezifana nezibhengezo kunye nombutho womongameli. Izabelo eziqhelekileyo zithetha ngemicimbi yemicimbi okanye zibhengeze iindawo zolawulo kodwa zinokuba nesiphumo esisemthethweni, njengakwimeko yolungiso lolawulo okanye ukurhoxa komhlaba. Umongameli we-Tectranda uyafana nemiyalelo yegunya kodwa akufuneki ukuba zipapashwe kwiFederal Register, nangona zininzi. I-Metranda isoloko ithetha ngemiba yesiqhelo okanye imisebenzi ethile engqalileyo yesebe ngaphandle kobalo olusemthethweni nolawulo olufanelekileyo oluyalelwayo.

Isiseko esisemthethweni semiyalelo yabalawuli abalawulayo sisekelwe kwimithombo emithathu. Okokuqala, umongameli i’ ugunya-mGaqo-siseko njengomphathi kwintloko yemikhosi exhobileyo unika igunya kwimicimbi yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Okwesibini, umongameli unegunya lokukhokela isebe eliphetheyo nabasebenzi bakhe ekuphumezeni imithetho edluliselwe yiBhunga. Okwesithathu, iBhunga linokudlulisela igunya kumongameli ukukhupha imiyalelo ethile kwimibandela ethile, efana nokugunyaza imigaqo yokugunyaza okanye ukulungelelanisa urhwebo. Xa iBhunga lithumela igunya elinjalo, imiyalelo yegunya eliphetheyo elivelayo ithwala ubunzima obusemthethweni obufana nemithetho emiselwe yiBhunga lomthetho, lodwa xa behlala bekwimiqatha ephambili.

Ukuphuhliswa kwembali yolungelelwano olulawulayo

Uqheliselo lokukhupha imiyalelo yabalawuli abaphezulu lufikelela kwimihla yokuqala yeRiphabliki. Umongameli uGeorge Washington wakhupha umyalelo wokuqala olawulayo ngo-1789, walathisa iintloko zesebe ukuba zilungiselele iingxelo kwilizwe lamasebe azo nokunikela iimbono zazo kwimicimbi efuna inyathelo. Oku kwamisela umzekelo wokuba oomongameli banikele imiyalelo ebopheleleyo kwisebe eliphetheyo ngaphandle kogunyaziso olukhethekileyo lwemithetho.

Kuyo yonke inkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, imiyalelo yabalawuli yathetha ngoluhlu olubanzi lwemicimbi yolawulo neyomgaqo-nkqubo. UMongameli uThomas Jefferson wasebenzisa umyalelo olawulayo ukuseka imikhosi enzima yomkhosi wemfazwe ngexesha leemfazwe zeBarbary. UMongameli uAbraham Lincoln wakhupha iProject Proclation ngowe-1863, nto leyo, ngoxa yayingubuchule bokukhupha isibhengezo sobumongameli, esebenza njengomyalelo wegunya elilawulayo okhulula abantu abakhotyo kumazwe azimeleyo. Umongameli u-Ulysses S. Grant wakhupha umyalelo owadala iSebe lobulungisa kunye nenkqubo yokugcinwa komthetho wesizwe.

Ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwabonwa ukwanda okuphawulekayo ekusetyenzisweni nasekumiselweni kwemithetho yolawulo. UMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt wakhupha imiyalelo engaphezulu kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na iNkundla ephambili embalini, emalunga nama-300 ngonyaka ngexesha lakhe lokuqala. UMthetho wakhe olawulayo 9066 wagunyazisa ukufuduswa nokufakwa kwelizwe lase-Japan ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi II, isigqibo kamva esagwetywa njenge-ocessitiverity Congrespont nenkundla. Umongameli u-Rorgen S. Truman wasebenzisa uLawulo loMphathi-Mgaqo-siseko 9981 ukukhupha imikhosi exhobileyo, isenzo somqondiso esandulela nokuphembelela amalungelo angaphezulu esizwe. Umongameli Dwnhowerveer wakhupha umyalelo wesikolo i-Rock eScount, ngokukhupha i-Rock Arkan.

Umongameli uBill Clinton wakhupha imiyalelo yokukhusela imekobume, ukhuseleko, kunye nempilo yoluntu. Umongameli uRonald Reagan wakhupha imiyalelo enxulumene nemithetho yezolawulo lwesizwe emva kohlaselo lwangoSeptemba 11 (imiyalelo). UMongameli uBack Obama wasebenzisa imiyalelo yegunya ukuthoba imithwalo ephantsi yolawulo nokulawula umhlaba. Umongameli uBill Clinton wakhupha imiyalelo yokukhusela indalo, ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, kunye nempilo yoluntu. Umongameli uGawula imiyalelo enxulumene nemigaqo yezolawulo lwesizwe emva kohlaselo lwe-Curbama ukuze asebenzise imigaqo yezolawulo elawula iNtloko, ukuseka imigaqo yemozulu, ukumisela imimiselo yemiqatha yemiqathango yezentengiselwano, kunye nenkcube ye-Chovid, kunye ne-ovreader, kunye ne-oversity, i-Chovern, kunye ne-moverst, i-mond.

Inkqubo yokukhupha ulungelelwano olunolawulo oluphezulu

Ngaphandle kwengqiqo yokuba umongameli angakhupha umyalelo ophezulu, le nkqubo ibandakanya amaqondo aliqela okuhlola nokusebenzisana. Le nkqubo iqala xa umongameli okanye abasebenzi abakhulu beNdlu yabaWhite bechaza imfuneko yenkqubo enokubhekiswa ngayo ngesenzo solawulo oluphezulu. Iqela elinxulumene nemithetho liyiphumeza imiyalelo, ngokufuthi elungelelaniswe namaqumrhu achaphazelekayo kunye ne-ofisi yoMongameli onguMongameli oPhathiswayo.

Impinda esemthethweni neyomgaqo-nkqubo

Umyalelo wolawulo oluphezulu lwedrafti unikezelwa kwi ofisi yoLawulo noHlahlo-mali kunye neSebe le-Ofisi yeSebe leQumrhu leMithetho yezeMithetho ukuze iphinde ihlolwe. I-Ofisi yeSiluleko sasemthethweni ivavanya umyalelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inesiseko esivakalayo esisemthethweni kumGaqo-siseko okanye ummiselo wesizwe. Le ngxoxo ibalulekile ngenxa yokuba umyalelo ongenalo igunya elisemthethweni unokubalelwa enkundleni kwaye uvakaliswe ukuba awusebenzi. I-ofisi yoLawulo noMgaqo-mali kunye noHlulo loMgaqo-mali ihlola indlela yokuchaphaza, iinjongo zoqingqo-mali, kunye nokuvumelana nemigaqo ekhoyo.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-Arhente kunye namagqabaza

Emva kohlolo olungokwasemthethweni nomthetho, umyalelo wedrafti usasazwa kumaqumrhu afanelekileyo karhulumente ukuze agqabaze. Iinkqubo zihlola ukuba umyalelo uyangqubana na neembopheleleko zabo zomthetho, ukumisela iimfuno ezintsha zokunika ingxelo, okanye ukudala iingxaki zokusebenza. Le nkqubo yokuhlola isenokuthabatha iiveki okanye iinyanga, kuxhomekeke kwiingxaki ezintsonkothileyo nempikiswano yolu cwangco. Abasebenzi beHouse

Ukunconywa Nokupapashwa Kokugqibela

Xa inkqubo yokuziphinda igqityiwe, umbhalo wokugqibela unikezelwa kumongameli ukuze atyikitye. Umongameli angasayina umyalelo kwintlanganiso yokupapasha okanye kwintlanganiso yangasese, kuxhomekeke kumongo wezopolitiko. Emva kokusayina, umyalelo udluliselwa kwi Register ukuze ikhutshwe. Imiyalelo yolawulo isebenza kwimpapasho okanye ngomhla ochaziweyo ngaphakathi komyalelo. I-ATCP ngoko ifumana ukhokelo lokuphumeza umsebenzi kwindlu kaWhite kwaye iqalisa ukwenza imisebenzi efunwa ngumyalelo.

Impembelelo yenkqubo yolungelelwano olunolawulo oluphezulu

Imiyalelo elawulayo ingavelisa utshintsho olukhulu oluchaphazela izigidi zabantu baseMerika. Impembelelo isoloko ixhomekeke kubungakanani bomyalelo, ubuncwane obukhoyo bokuzalisekisa, nokuvuma kolawulo olulandelayo ukugcina okanye ukubuyisela inkqubo.

Ukuhlaziywa koMgaqo-nkqubo ngaphandle koMthetho

Omnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yemiyalelo yolawulo kukuvumela oomongameli ukuba bathethe ngeemfuno ezingxamisekileyo okanye inkqubo yovavanyo ngaphandle kolibaziseko lwenkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Xa iKhomishini ivaliwe, oomongameli bangasebenzisa imiyalelo yolawulo ukuhambisela phambili izinto zabo eziphambili kwizakhiwo ezikhoyo ezisemthethweni. Oku bekubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nomthetho wokusingiseleko, ukunyanzelisa abafuduki, namalungelo abantu. Umzekelo, iDeferered Action for Preastles smes senkqubo yobuntwana eyadalwa nguMongameli Obama ngo-2012 2012, kunikezele ukhuseleko lokwexeshana kumawaka abaphambukeli abaphambukeli abavelayo ababethunyelwe eUnited States njengabantwana. Ucwangciso olusebenza phantse kwishumi leminyaka phambi kotshintsho lolawulo namalungelo asemthethweni lwalo.

Iinguqu zolawulo nolawulo

Imiyalelo emininzi yabalawuli eyalathisa amaqumrhu amatsha okanye ahlaziye akhoyo. UMongameli Clinton’ uMyalelo Wolawulo oluPhezulu 12866 waseka inkqubo yokuhlola umgaqo-siseko eyathi yafuna ukuba abameli bahlole iindleko neengenelo zemimiselo ebalulekileyo. UMongameli Trump ̱ uMyalelo oLawulwe Ngolawulo 1371 ufuna amaqumrhu amabini akhoyo kwimimiselo yonke emitsha ekhutshwe. UMongameli Biden ̱ uMyalelo Wolawulo-Mphathi 14008 ekutshintsheni imozulu elungelelaniswe ukunyusa ukukhutshwa komoya oshushu. Le miyalelo i-Gcimbiswa-gesi elawula umhlaba ngaphandle kokufuna umthetho omtsha.

Ukhuseleko lwesizwe nomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle

Imiyalelo yesizwe esilawulayo inemiphumo enzulu kukhuseleko lwesizwe nolwalamano lwamanye amazwe. Oomongameli baye basebenzisa imiyalelo yezolawulo ukumisela izigwebo zezoqoqosho koorhulumente bamanye amazwe nakumaqumrhu athile, ithintela ukuhamba ngezomkhosi, igunya lokwahlula-hlula okanye ihlaziywa kolwazi lokhuseleko lwesizwe. UMthetho we-Internancy Economic Effemical Powers unika umongameli igunya elibanzi lokuvakalisa ungxamiseko lwesizwe kunye nemiyalelo yezolawulo lwezorhwebo namazwe asemzini. Eli gunya liye lasetyenziswa ukugunya lokugunyazisa i-Iran, umNtlangampuma, i-Korea, iRashiya, namanye amazwe.

Imiqathango yomGaqo-siseko noHlololo lwezeNkqutyana

UmGaqo-siseko ubeka imida ebalulekileyo kumongameli ’ amandla okukhupha imiyalelo yabalawuli. Eyona nto ingundoqo kukuba umongameli akanako ukwenza umthetho omtsha okanye imali efanelekileyo ngaphandle kwemvume yombutho. Imiyalelo yegunya kufuneka ilandelele igunya layo kwigunya elithile elidluliswe yiBhunga okanye kumongameli i̱ amagunya omgaqo-siseko. Ukuba umyalelo wegunya ugqitha le mida, iinkundla zingalibetha.

Amatyala amaninzi aphawula incopho yeNkundla Ephakamileyo achaze imida yomyalelo olawulayo. Kwiqela labaselula Ikhampani kunye neTube v. Sayeyer (1952), iNkundla yathi uMongameli Truman wadlula igunya lakhe xa wakhupha umyalelo wokubamba izigalo zentsimbi ngexesha lemfazwe yase Korea ukuze athintele ukubetha. Inkundla yagqiba ukuba umongameli akanamGaqo-siseko okanye igunya lokuphatha impahla yangasese ekungabini kogunyaziso lomthetho. UJanu Jackson & #817; uluvo oluququlu-lu-lunqenileyo lwaveza ulwano lweziko lwecandelo lesizwe lwephondo: umongameli i&817; amandla xa isebenza ngobukhulu bayo okanye i-bugqeqesi bayo, xa i-ededelela i-ededenti ye-Ampse.

Kutshanje, iinkundla ziye zachitha okanye zasikelwe umda imiyalelo yezolawulo oluphezulu kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yaxhasa yaza yaxabela phantsi uMongameli Trump ̱ imisela ukuvalwa komsebenzi wohambo kwi- Trump v. Hawaii[ , ifumana ukuba umongameli unegunya lokulawula ukuthintela ukungena kodwa umyalelo unokuthi uhlolwe ukwenzela ucalucalulo lonqulo. Iinkundla zathintela uphalo lwabafundi kucwangciso lokukhokha ityala, zifumana ukuba lidlule igunya elinikezelwe kwisebe eliphetheyo phantsi kweZibonelo zemfundo eziphezulu zeSicwangciso soMsebenzi soMthetho weSizwe saBafundi. Ezi zibonisa ukuba umyalelo wabalawuli umgangatho umgangatho obalulekileyo wokulawula imicimbi.

Iintshutshiso Nezigxeko Zomyalelo Olawulayo

Ukusetyenziswa kwemiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo kuye kwadala impikiswano engapheliyo ukutyhubela imbali yaseMerika. Abahlalutyi bathi ukuxhomekeka ngokugqithiseleyo kwimiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo kunciphisa ukuthembeka kwedemokhrasi ngokuvumela umongameli ukuba ashiye iBhunga, elilelona linetyala elithe ngqo kumavoti. Xa oomongameli besebenzisa imiyalelo yolawulo ukufikelela kwiinjongo zenkqubo ukuba iBhunga lingasamkeli, babeka engozini amandla okunikela ingqalelo kwisebe elilawulayo baze bagqwethe ukwahlukana kwamandla.

Olunye ugxeko luthi imiyalelo yabalawuli ingatshintshwa ngumongameli olandelayo, ibangele ukungazinzi kwenkqubo nokuncitshiswa kokuthelekelelwa kwemeko-bume, urhulumente, kunye nabantu ngabanye abafuna ukucwangciswa. Umongameli onika umyalelo olawulayo kutshintsho lwemozulu okanye ukufuduka angabona ukuba umyalelo urhoxisiwe ngeentsuku zolawulo olulandelayo. Le mpembelelo yo-yo-yo inokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ezinzileyo, ezizinzileyo, eziphelo zexesha elide, zenze ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwenyathelo likarhulumente.

Abaxhasi bemiyalelo yezolawulo lolawulo lolawulo baphendula ngokuthi umongameli wale mihla ufuna amandla okusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezimaxongo kwaye iBhunga liye lanika iBhunga igunya eliphangaleleyo kwisebe eliphetheyo ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yokuba lingalindela nayiphi na imeko. Bakwaphawula ukuba imiyalelo yezolawulo iphantsi kokuvavanywa yiBhunga, enokuthi ishenxise ucwangco ngokudlulisa umthetho, kunye neenkundla, ezinokuthi zitshitshitshise imiyalelo egqitha igunya elisemthethweni. Isibakala sokuba imiyalelo yegunya eliphakamileyo ingenziwa ngoomongameli abalandelayo singumzekelo, umqondiso kunokuba ibe yisiphene, njengoko ivumela utshintsho lwedemokhrasi ukuba lwenzeke ngonyulo.

Utyelelo lwangoku kusetyenziso lolungelelwano lwegunya

Abalawuli bexesha langoku baye bakhupha imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo ngemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo, kodwa intsingiselo ibikukuba basebenzise iinzame eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo. UMongameli Obama wasebenzisa i-35 ngokwe-avareji yemiyalelo yegunya ngonyaka, uMongameli Trump wafumana i-55, kunye noMongameli Biden wafumana i-avareji yama-40 ebudeni beminyaka yakhe yokuqala emibini. La manani aphantsi kokuchaza impembelelo yenkqubo kuba oomongameli bale mihla baxhomekeke kwimisebenzi yobupolisa i-randada kunye nezindululo zokuphumeza iinjongo ezithile ngaphandle kokuqhuba inkqubo yomgaqo-siseko.

Ukunyuka kweBhunga kuye kwaba ngumqhubi oyintloko wokwanda kokuxhomekeka kwimiyalelo yabalawuli. Njengoko ukuyekelela kwemithetho kuya kuba nzima, oomongameli baye babhenela kwinyathelo eliphetheyo lokuzalisekisa izithembiso zephulo nokuphendula kwiingxaki ezicinezelayo. Oku kuxhokonxa kuye kwabonakala ngokukhethekileyo kwimibandela efana nokufuduka, apho iBhunga lisilele ukumisela umthetho obanzi wotshintsho kangangamashumi eminyaka, ukhokelela oomongameli babo bobabini amaqela ukusebenzisa imiyalelo yegunyaziso ukwenza iinguqu ezizinzileyo ekunyanzeleni imicimbi ephambili nemigaqo ephantsi kwemithetho.

ICrisris ikwasebenzisa ulawulo olukhawulezayo. Isifo se-COVID-19 sixhokonxe uMongameli Trump ukuba anikezele imiyalelo yegunya eliphetheyo yoncedo lwezoqoqosho, ukuxhasa isibhedlele, kunye nophuhliso lwezitofu. UMongameli uBiden wakhupha imiyalelo eyandisa i-COVID-19 yeemfuno zovavanyo, i-antiomithi yabasebenzi be-Rovince, kunye nokuseka ubuchule besizwe bokuphendula ngezifo ezimandundundu. Ingxaki yemali yowama-2008 yakhokelela uMongameli Bush ukuba anikezele imiyalelo karhulumente egunyazisa ukungenelwa kwemali, kwaye uMongameli Obama wasebenzisa imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo ukuzalisekisa i-Troultdified Programme kunye namanye amanyathelo okufumana inkxaso.

Imiqathango yegunya nokulungelelana kwamandla

Iziphumo ezinde zomyalelo wolawulo oluphezulu osetyenziselwa ulungelelwaniso lwamandla phakathi kwamasebe alawulayo kunye nawowiso-mthetho zibalulekile. Njengoko oomongameli bejika ngokuqhubekayo kwisenzo sobunyani, iKhomishini maxa wambi iye yasabela ngokuzama ukuphinda igunya layo. Enye indlela nguMthetho IChonastionational Review Act, evumela iKhomishini ukuba ibhukuqe imithetho ethile yomzi kwiinkqubo ezikhutshelweyo. Enye ngumkhuba wokudibanisa abakhweli benkqubo ukuba bafake izibhayiselo kwimibambo ezithintela umongameli i-̱ ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iimali ezithile ngeenjongo ezithile.

Abanye abaphengululi nabenzi benkqubo baye bacebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe iinguqu ukuze kuqinisekiswe indima yeNkqutyana kwinkqubo yocwangco oluphezulu. Iingcebiso ziquka ukufuna imvume eququzelelweyo yemithetho elawulayo enempembelelo ebalulekileyo, ukuseka inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuhlola imiyalelo yesebe eliphetheyo ngaphambi kokuba isebenze, okanye ukuseka ikomishini yokuvavanya enoba imiyalelo yegunya eliphetheyo iyaligqitha na igunya elisemthethweni. Abanye baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo yangoku inika iingcebiso ezaneleyo kwaye ingxaki ayiyo eyayalelo oluphetheyo kodwa ayiyiyo inkqukusebenza kwimibandela ebalulekileyo.

Ikamva lemiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo liya kuphenjelelwa yinkqubo egqwethekileyo yomthetho, iimpembelelo zezobupolitika, kunye noluvo lukawonke-wonke. INkundla ePhakamileyo ibonise ukukulungela ukuhlolisisa imiyalelo yolawulo oluphezulu nokulinganisela amandla omongameli xa ifumanise ukuba iyaphazanyiswa. Kwangaxeshanye, utyekelo lokuhlaziywa kwemimandla kunye ne-projekthi ye-odrogen lubonisa ukuba oomongameli baza kuqhubeka bexhomekeke kwimiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo njengesixhobo sokulawula. Umbuzo ongundoqo kukuba ngaba inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela kuxhomekeke ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amandla olawulo oluphezulu ahlala elawulwa ngumthetho kunye neenkqubo zedemokhrasi.

Izicelo ezisebenzisekayo zabenzi bemithetho nabemi

Kubenzi benkqubo, imiyalelo yabalawuli abaqondayo ibalulekile ekuqhubeni inkqubo karhulumente. Imiyalelo yegunya elawulayo yenza iimbopheleleko kunye namathuba karhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, amashishini obuqu, nemibutho engafumani ngeniso. Utshintsho kulawulo lomongameli lungazisa amatshintshi aphawulekayo enkqubo ngemiyalelo yezolawulo kuphela, echaphazela yonke into ukusuka ekufumaneni imfuno yokusebenza kwemekobume ukuya kunxulumano lokugcinwa kwabantu. Imibutho ejonge inkqubo yolawulo oluphezulu isenokulindela iinguqulelo zenkqubo kwaye ilungiselele ukuphunyezwa okanye imingeni esemthethweni.

Kubemi, imiyalelo yabalawuli isikhumbuza ukuba umongameli ’ unamandla adlulela ngaphaya kwemixholo yezihloko neentetho zephulo. Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla karhulumente wephondo iphenjelelwa kakhulu yimiyalelo umongameli angayikhupha ngaphandle kwevoti kwiBhunga. Ukuqonda uluntu kunye nokubotshelelwa kwemigaqo yolawulo oluphezulu kunganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba la zixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Amaqela anegunya lobugcisa, imibutho esemthethweni, kunye namajelo eendaba adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujongeni imiyalelo yabalawuli kwaye abeke ityala oomongameli ekusebenziseni igunya labo elingagameli.

Isiphelo

Imiyalelo elawulayo ibaluleke kakhulu kodwa ichasene nolawulo lwaseMerika. Ivumela oomongameli ukuba benze ngokufanelekileyo, baphendule kwiimeko ezimanqam, baze baqhubele phambili inkqubo xa kunokwenzeka okanye kucothoza. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko ngedemokhrasi, ukuphendula, kunye nokwahlula amagunya. Ingxelo yembali ibonisa ukuba imiyalelo yezolawulo oluphezulu iye yasetyenziselwa ukufikelela okulungileyo okungaqhelekanga, njengokungavumelani nomkhosi nokukhusela imekobume, nokuthethelela umonakalo onzima, njengokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinxulumene ne-JapaneseneeMerika.

Ikamva lemiyalelo yabalawuli abalawulayo liza kuxhomekeka kubuchule beenkundla, boMbutho, kunye noluntu ukuba lugcine ulawulo olunentsingiselo lwegunya lomongameli. Njengoko ukwenziwa kwezobupolitika kuqhubeka kwaye iimfuno zolawulo zikhula, ukulingwa kokuthembela kwinyathelo lomntu omnye kuya kuhlala kuqinile. Nokuba inkqubo ingalondoloza iinzuzo zemiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo ngoxa ilinganisela umngcipheko wayo ngomnye wezona ngxaki zibalulekileyo zolawulo lwenkulungwane engamashumi amabini anesithathu.

[[[FLT: 0] Ifunda ngokuphinda-phinda: I-FOLT] Ugcino-lwazi lwamazwe lunika ugcino-lwazi lwezolawulo lwempumezo ye- oluneenkcazelo zesebe. [[[FLT:]] Iprojekthi yoLawulo lweMelika [[FLT:]] ichaza i-Ustal project kwi U-Umthetho we-Umthetho we-USanta Barbara inika ugcino-lwazi olubanzi lwezolawulo kunye namanye amaxwebhu akwisigqeba. [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] inikeza uphando lophando lwendlela yophatho lophatho lophando [FFFFF]] [FFFF]]