Table of Contents
Indima Ebalulekileyo Yoorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Ekuphenduleni Nokuchacha
Xa kufikelelwa intlekele yemvelo okanye isikali esikhulu songxamiseko, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baluluhlu lokuqala lokukhusela abantu abahlala kunye. Ukusuka kwinkanyamba ebangela umlilo onwenwa kwimimandla yedolophu, izenzo ezithatyathwa ngamagosa esixeko namazwe ephondo kwiiyure zokuqala neentsuku ziqinisekisa umlinganiselo wokubandezeleka kwabantu kunye nokulahleka kwempahla. Oorhulumente abangobathathi-nxaxheba kulawulo lwentlekele; bangabakhokeli abakhokelayo bokusabela nokuchachacha kwimimandla yabo. Eli nqaku linikela uvavanyo oluphazekileyo lwemisebenzi yabo, imingeni, kunye noqheliselo oluphambili kwilizwe lentlekele lanamhlanje.
Ukuqonda Iimbopheleleko Zoorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Kwiintlekele
Indima yoorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekulawuleni intlekele isemthethweni kwaye isekelwe ngokusemthethweni. EUnited States, iStafford Act kunye nemithetho karhulumente ibeka uxanduva lokuqala lolawulo longxamiseko kumgangatho wobulali. Esi sakhiwo sibonakalisa umgaqo wokuba iintlekele zenzeko zasekuhlaleni, kwaye ukhokelo lwasekuhlaleni lunolwazi olunzulu ngeemfuno zoluntu, izibonelelo, kunye nezibonelelo. Umlinganiselo wolawulo lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni uquka yonke ilahleko yobomi bentlekele: ukuthamba, ukulungiselela, ukusabela, kunye nokuchacha.
Igunya elingokwasemthethweni nesebenzayo
Usodolophu, ibhunga lesixeko, ibhodi yengingqi yabalawuli, kunye nomphathi-mikhosi wongxamiseko wasekuhlaleni unegunya lokuvakalisa urhulumente wongxamiseko, obangela ukuba kuqhutywe iingcinga zongxamiseko zasekuhlaleni kunye nokuxhobisa izivumelwano zoncedo loluntu. Esi sindululo sikwacela urhulumente noncedo olusemthethweni. Ngaphandle kwale ntshukumo yasekuhlaleni, urhulumente kunye noovimba bengingqi abanakukwazi ukuququzelela ngokusemthethweni kwindawo echaphazelekileyo. Lo mthwalo wemfanelo usemthethweni uphelele kwaye awunakunikwa phezulu. Umzekelo, emva kweSitshingingitha uKatrina, ukucotha kwempendulo yasekuhlaleni ekhawulezileyo iziphumo zomthetho zoncedo lwengingqi.
Iimbopheleleko Ezingundoqo: Ukuwohloka Okunenkcukacha
Iindima zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni ngexesha lentlekele nokuchacha zingahlanganiswa zibe ziindawo ezintandathu eziyingozi. Indawo nganye ifuna izicwangciso ezikhoyo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezinamandla.
- I-Needs Assessistents kunye nolwazi lwemeko: Kwimizuzu nje yentlekele, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baqalise ukuqokelela idata yexesha lokwenene kumonakalo, iingozi, kunye nezithuba zoovimba. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umzobo we-emosky, kumhlaba osuka emlilweni nakwisebe lamapolisa, kunye nokuhlola ugcino-lwazi lwentlalo kwiingxelo zoluntu.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi emininzi yombane: Isitatime somsebenzi wongxamiseko lwasekuhlaleni (EOC) kuba sisazulu solawulo lorhulumente, urhulumente, ukungaphicothi, kunye nezibonelelo zamacandelo azimeleyo. I-EOC iqinisekisa ukuba amasebe omlilo, i-EMS, imisebenzi kawonke-wonke, ulawulo lwezilwanyana, kunye nemibutho yezokuzithandela ayisebenzi kunqamlezo-enjongo. Izixhobo ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa inkqubo yoMyalelo (ICS), imo esezantsi ngaphaya kohlanga. Kulwazi oluninzi lwe-ICS, bona IFAM] Iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-IMPIT, kunye nezokuzithandela.
- Iprojekthi yeeNkonzo zexesha leMfuno-mzizo neShelter: Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni balawula ukuvulwa nokusebenza kwekhusi longxamiseko, ukusasazwa kokudla namanzi (iindawo zokusasaza okanye ze-POD), kunye nokusekwa kwamaziko e-triage. Bakwangamele ukususwa kokungcola kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke kunye nezi zixhobo zokuvumela ukufikelela kwiinqwelo-moto zongxamiseksi. Umthetho obomvu usoloko usebenza noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, kodwa urhulumente uhlala ekhokela ii-logons nokhuseleko.
- Unxibelelwano oluluNcoko kunye nesilumkiso: Ukunxibelelana ngexesha, ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nolwazi olusebenzayo ngumsebenzi ongundoqo worhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Oku kuquka ukukhupha imiyalelo yokufuduka, ukunikezela iindawo zokufihla, kunye nokuphikisa iimeko zenkohliso. Izixhobo zangoku ziquka ukubuyisela umva inkqubo ye-911, i-Meter Emeternancy Marters (Indlela Kanye), amaqonga e-media e-meter, kunye neefomati elungelelanisayo kubantu abaneziphene okanye abanokufikelela kwesiNgesi esisikelelweyo.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi karhulumente obalulekileyo uyaqhubeka emva kokuba intlekele inzima. Oku kubandakanya ukukhusela amandla okukhusela imisebenzi yoxakeka, ukukhusela iirekhodi zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokuyila ezinye iindawo zokuhlangana zamagosa anyuliweyo. Ngaphandle kweCOG, uluntu lulahlekelwa ngamandla alo okwenza izigqibo ezingokwasemthethweni, ukuhlawula abasebenzi, kunye nokuqhuba iinkqubo zoncedo lwamagunya.
- Ucwangciso-xesha elide lokubuyisa: Ukuchacha akukokwakha nje oko kwakulapho ngaphambili. Oorhulumente bongingqi kufuneka bongamele ukukhuthuzwa kwengozi, balawule iziphumo zentlekele yorhulumente (njenge FEMA's Public Uncedo kunye ne-Hazard Mitigation Program), kwaye babe nenxaxheba kuluntu kumbono wexesha elide wokwakha kwakhona nokhuselekileyo. FEMA] Ulawulo lobuGciphengululi boluntu lwezentengiselwano-mali [[FLT]] unika ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha kubaphathi bokuphucula ulungiso lwasekuhlaleni.
Ukulungiselela: Isiseko Sentsabelo Ephumelelayo
Ukusabela kwintlekele nokuchacha kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumgangatho womsebenzi wokulungiselela owenziwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ungxamiseko. Ukulungela kudla ngokuthathwa phantsi ngamagosa akhethiweyo nabaphathi-mali abanolwazi ngoqingqo-mali, kodwa ngulowo ungoyena mnqandi mkhulu wokuzinzisa kwengingqi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abafaka imali ekulungiseleleni ukusindisa ubomi baze banciphise iziphumo zezoqoqosho.
Ukuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa izicwangciso zemisebenzi yexesha likaxakeka (Ii-EOP)
Isicwangciso se-Emergency Operations Isicwangciso seplani sesenzo. Kufuneka sihlolwe kwaye sihlaziywe kancinane ngonyaka, quka igalelo elisuka kuzo zonke izikhuseli (izikolo, izibhedlele, ii-Pilot, amashishini), kwaye lilungelelaniswe nolawulo lukarhulumente nololawulo lukarhulumente nololawulo lukarhulumente. Kodwa iplani ekwishelefu ayisebenzi. [ Isicwangciso kufuneka sisetyenziswe ngokuzibhobongela, imithambo yetafile, kunye nemfaniso ezipheleleyo. umzekelo, ingingqi eqhuba ubuchule bokusebenza kwamandla ebhulokhwelo, izivalo ezihamba iindlela, kunye neemibamelo zokhuseleko iza kuphendula ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kunalowo ongazange ukwenze kwiminyaka emithathu.
Uqeqesho Nezixhobo Zokuxhobisa Abo Basabela Kuqala
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banomthwalo wokuqeqesha amapolisa, umlilo, iEMS, kunye nabasebenzi bakawonke-wonke kwiindlela zokuphendula kwintlekele. Oku kuquka uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwiziganeko zokusebenza kwenqanawa, ukukhangela nokuhlangula, kunye nokufakelwa kwengozi enkulu. Ukongeza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi zempendulo, iigiyeri zonxibelelwano, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko zobuqu zigcinwe kakuhle kwaye zixhaswa lucelomngeni oluqhubekayo. Imijikelo yoqingqo-mali idla ngokubeka imali yoqeqesho kuqala, kodwa oku kuyingozi ukuphuma korhwebo.
Imfundo Kawonke - wonke Nobandakanyeko Loluntu
Abemi kufuneka bazi ubungozi abajamelana nabo nendlela yokulungiselela. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baqhube amaphulo okufikelela uwonke-wonke, iintlanganiso zoluntu, banike izicwangciso zolwazi, baze bagcine iphepha elinikezelweyo kwi-website yabo elinobuncwane obufana neendawo zokufudusa abantu kunye nendawo zokufihla inqanawe. Ukusebenzisana nezikolo zasekuhlaleni, iindawo zonqulo, kunye nonxulumano lwasekuhlaleni kufikeleleka. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-Cearly.gov's "Severy Community" zinika iisikhokelo kunye nezenzo ezintle ezinokusetyenziswa ngurhulumente basekuhlaleni.
Ukwakha iinethwekhi zomanyano
Akukho rhulumente wasekuhlaleni unokulawula intlekele yodwa. Ulwalamano olumiselwe kwangaphambili nezikhuselo-mfama, abameli bezothutho, izibhedlele, imibutho engangeni ngeniso (njengomkhosi wosindiso kunye noMandla amaKatolika), kunye nabalungiseleli bamacandelo angabodwa (njengeevenkile kunye neenkampani zokwakha) lubalulekile. Izivumelwano zoncedo lweMisebenzi kunye nemithetho ekufuphi zivumela ukwabelana ngemirhumo ekhawulezileyo. Olu lwalamano kufuneka lumiselwe ngokusemthethweni ekubhaleni phambi koxakeka olusemthethweni noxanduva.
Iiyure Zokuqala Ze - 72:
Ukusabela kwangoko kwintlekele kuthabatha ixesha eliphezulu, ixesha elicinezelweyo. Iiyure zokuqala ezingama-72 zezona zibalulekileyo ekusindiseni ubomi, izibonelelo, nokuseka umyalelo nolawulo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baphumeze ezi zenzo zilandelayo ngesantya nangokuchanekileyo.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiZiko leMicimbi yeNkxaso yeNkxaso (EOC)
Xa efumana isilumkiso esithembekileyo okanye iingxelo zokuqala zesiganeko esithile, umphathi wasekuhlaleni wemeko yongxamiseko uwenza asebenze i-EOC. Esi sisakhiwo somanyano lweziko lombindi apho abameli abavela kuwo onke amasebe kunye namasebe amadlelane badibana khona. I-EOC ayiyaleli imisebenzi yasemasimini; inika inkxaso, oovimba, kunye nokhokelo olucwangcisiweyo kubaphathi bezehlo. Imisebenzi ye-EOC eqhelekileyo iquka imicimbi yomthetho, ucwangciso, imali, kunye nolwazi lukawonke-wonke.
Ukusetyenziswa koMgaqo-nkqubo
Ngokusekelwe kwindalo nakwindlela echaphazelekayo yengozi, amagosa asekuhlaleni angayalela ukuba abantu bafuduke ngokunyanzelekileyo kwiindawo ezithile. Oku kufuna unxibelelwano olucacileyo lwendlela, ixesha, kunye nendawo yokufihla ikhusi. Ukunyanzelisa umthetho umele ukunyanzelisa nokukhusela iindawo ezifudusiweyo ekuphangweni. Abaphathi be-Shelter babandakanya ukubhalisa abafuduki, ukulungiselela iikhotha, ukutya, kunye nokunyamekela ezonyango, nokuphatha iimfuno zabemi ababuthathaka abafana nabalupheleyo, abantu abaneziphene, kunye nabo bafuyiwe zizilwanyana. ukuphatha izilwanyana ngexesha lokuthutha izithutho ngethuba lokuhamba kuye kwaba yinkxalabo enkulu, njengokuba abantu abaninzi bengafuni ukushiya izilwanyana zabo.
Imisebenzi yokukhangela nokuhlangula
Umlilo wasekuhlaleni kunye namaqela okuhlangula asekuhlaleni zizinto zokuqala ukuqhuba uphengululo kunye nokuhlangula kwizakhiwo ezidilikayo okanye kwiindawo ezizele ngamanzi. Le misebenzi iyingozi kakhulu kwaye ifuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka balungelelanise namaqela karhulumente (njengokukhangela edolophini kunye nemikhosi yokuhlangula) xa umlinganiselo ugqithisa amandla omsebenzi wasekuhlaleni. Ixesha lilinganiswa ngemizuzu neeyure, hayi ngeentsuku.
Ukwakha Ubuchule Bokubhala Neenkqubo Zokunikezela
Kwiziphumo zesantya, iindlela zisenokudlula, amandla asenokuphela, kwaye ukutya kunye nokubonelelo ngamanzi kusenokuphela. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka bamisele iindawo zobuncwane obuzayo, balawule ukusasazwa kwezinto, bakhusele nezinto zokupheka kwizithuthi zokuphendula. Ubuchule bokondla amawaka abantu abafudukayo nokunika amandla amagumbi onyango anokumoyisa kwanoorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaxhotyisiweyo.
Unxibelelwano: Indlela Onokusabela Ngayo
Ngexesha lentlekele, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni zingasilela. Iiselm zeselfowuni zingadilizwa, kwaye i-Intanethi ingaphazamiseka. Iinkqubo zonxibelelwano olubomvu . "ezifana neefowuni zamasatellite, ii-internat, iinkqubo zikanomathotholo ezingenamsebenzi, kunye nee-rediyo zexesha eliqhelekileyo"eziyimfuneko. Igosa lolwazi lukawonke-wonke (PIO) kufuneka lilawule iimibuzo ze-mediathom, libambe i-mishwane, likhuphe iinguqu ezizinzileyo kwimijelo emininzi. I-Misformation isasaze ngokukhawuleza; urhulumente wasekuhlaleni kufuneka abe ngumthombo onegunya wenyaniso.
Ukuchacha: Indlela Ende Yokubuyela Kwizinto Eziqhelekileyo
Xa isigaba esisongela ubomi esikhawulezileyo siphela, ukululama kuqalisa. Ukuchacha yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, ethatha iminyaka emininzi enokungabuyiseli uluntu kwimeko yalo yangaphambili(ingalubuyisela okanye iluguqule. Oorhulumente bomhlaba badlala indima ephambili ekulawuleni olu tshintsho ukusuka ekusabeleni ukusuka ekusakhiweni kwakhona ixesha elide.
Uvavanyo lomonakalo noxwebhu
Uhlolo oluchanekileyo lomonakalo sisiseko soncedo lukarhulumente. Amaqela karhulumente wasekuhlaleni kufuneka ahlole kunye noxwebhu olunengqwalaselo kunye nomonakalo kwizibonelelo zikawonke-wonke (iiibhulorho, iinkqubo zamanzi, izikolo, izakhiwo zoluntu) kunye nezinto zobucala. Kufuneka aqokelele imifanekiso, uqikelelo lwexabiso, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwejiyografi. Le nkcazelo inikezelwa kwiFEMA ne-SBA ukugqiba ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubonelelwa kwenkxaso kawonke-wonke, uncedo lomntu ngamnye, kunye nemali-mali eboletwayo ephantsi kwentlekele. Uxwebhu olungenabuchule lungalibazisa okanye lunciphise kakhulu uncedo.
Ukulawula ii-FEMA ezinika inkxaso nenkxaso kaRhulumente
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baza kusebenzisa inkqubo ye-FEMA's Public Uncedo (PA), ehlawula i-75% yamaxabiso afanelekileyo okususwa kokungcola, amanyathelo okhuseleko, kunye nomsebenzi osisigxina kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zibonelelo kufuna ugcino-lwazi olululo, ukuhambisana nemithetho yemeko-bume kunye nogcino-lwazi lwembali, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwee-ofisi zokufumana uvuselelo. Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni baqesha abacebisi bangaphandle okanye abasebenzi abaphezulu bezokuphatha. Uxinzelelo lwale nkqubo lungakhuthathiswa ziidolophu ezincinane ezinolawulo olulinganiselwe.
Ukunyamekela Impilo Yengqondo Nentlalo
Iintlekele zibangela amanxeba anzulu engqondweni. Udandatheko, ukuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka kwasemva koxinezeleko lwasemva kwemichiza, nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kwanda ngokuphawulekayo kubantu abachaphazelekayo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abasoloko benikela unyango olungqalileyo lwempilo yengqondo, kodwa bajongene namasebe ezempilo karhulumente kunye neentlangano ezingaphumeleliyo ukuze kusungulwe iinkqubo zokucebisa amanqam, amaqela okuxhasa, kunye neenkonzo zoncedo lwezentlalo-ntle. Amasebe oluntu anceda iintsapho zifumana izitempepho zokutya, uncedo lwezindlu zokwexeshana, neengenelo zokungaqeshwa.
Ukuncedisa Uluntu Ekwakheni Kwakhona
Kufuneka unyango lungadibanisi kwaye lucace. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka babe neentlanganiso ezithe rhoqo zikawonke-wonke ukuze bahlanganise igalelo lolwakhiwo, ucwangciso lomhlaba, kunye nemisebenzi yokukhusela iziphumo zengozi. Ukuncedisa uluntu kwakha ukuthembana kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchacha kubonakalisa ukuthanda kwabantu, hayi nje imiyalelo yomthetho wenkqu. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kuluntu olungenankathalo noluphantsi komgangatho, olusoloko luthwala iziphumo ezithethsithethsa intlekele kwaye lusenokuba lukhutshwe ngokwembali kwinkqubo yocwangciso.
Ukusebenzisa Iindlela Eziyingozi
Ulungiso ngalunye lunika ithuba lokwakha ukhuseleko. Oorhulumente bongingqi kufuneka basebenzise ixesha lokuphucula ulwakhiwo, ukuhlaziya iimaphu ezikhukulisiweyo, ukufudusa izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwindawo eziphezulu, kunye nokutyalwa kwendalo njengendawo emanzi neluhlaza. I-FEMA's Hazard Mitigation helpation (HMA) iinkqubo zinika izibonelelo kwimisebenzi enciphisa umngcipheko wentlekele ezayo. Umzekelo, isixeko esilahlekelwe ngamakhaya kumlilo singasebenzisa imali yokususa imitha yokususa imimandla yesibhakabhaka kunye nomgangatho wophahla oluphezulu lomlilo.
Iingxaki Ezinkulu Oorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Abajongene Neentlekele
Nangona kubalulekile ukuba nendima yabo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza phantsi kwemiqathango enzima eyenza kube nzima ukuphendula ngempumelelo kwintlekele nokuchacha.
Ukunqongophala kweNgxelo yoNyaka
Uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni luqinile, kwaye ulawulo lukaxakeka lusoloko lungaqiniseki ngenxa yezinto eziza kuqala. Uninzi lwabemi abancinane nabasemaphandleni abanaye umphathi wexesha likaxakeka elipheleleyo.
Ubuninzi bokulungelelaniswa ngaphandle kwemiqathango
Iintlekele aziwuhloneli umda wesixeko okanye wephondo. Oorhulumente abaninzi, abameli bengingqi, abasebenzi besizwe, abangezongeniso, kunye nezinto ezizimeleyo kufuneka basebenze kunye ngaphandle komnxeba. Isiko, ukunxibelelana okusoloko kuphuncuka ngenxa yeenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingahambelaniyo, izicwangciso zeziganeko ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezinto eziphambili ezingqubanayo. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukuhamba kwesitofu, apho amasebe abelana ngolwazi olungeneleyo. Imithambo edibekiweyo kunye nemithetho esesikweni (njenge-NIMS) inokukunceda kodwa ifuna ukuveliswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Izithintelo Zonxibelelwano Kubemi Abahlukahlukeneyo
Unxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke olunempumelelo kufuneka lufikelele kuwo onke amalungu oluntu, kuquka lawo anezobungcaphephe, amaqhezu, okanye angakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni abakwaziyo ukunikela izilumkiso ngeelwimi ezininzi, abatoliki bolwimi lwezandla kwimiba emifutshane yexesha likaxakeka, okanye kwiifomfom ezifikelelekayo. Oku kukhokelela kwingozi enokwenzeka phakathi kwabona bantu basengozini. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lentlekele, amarherhe nolwazi olubi olusasazekileyo kwimithombo yezonxibelelwano ngokukhawuleza kunezigwebo ezisemthethweni. Urhulumente kufuneka ube necebo lokuphendula ngenkohliso.
Ukulawula Ulindelo Lwabantu Neemvakalelo
Abasindi bentlekele balindele ukuba kucace ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufumaneke uncedo, kodwa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni badla ngokuthwaxwa yiyo. Umahluko phakathi koko kufunwa ngabasindi noko urhulumente wasekuhlaleni anokukuvelisa kunxunguphalo nomsindo. Amagosa akhathalelweyo ajongene nengcinezelo enzima yezobupolitika, kwaye abaphathi bexesha likaxakeka basoloko bedinwa yimfesane kwaye bedinwe. Ukudinwa okungokweemvakalelo kwabasebenzi bakarhulumente basekuhlaleni kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye inkxaso yempilo yabasebenzi kufuneka yenziwe ngokwecebo lokuphendula ukususela ngomhla omnye.
Ukuhlangabezana Neentswelo Zabemi Abaneengcuphe
Abantu abakhubazekileyo, abalupheleyo, abafumana imali eninzi, abantu abangenamakhaya, nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abangaxelwanga kwangaphambili bachatshazelwa kakhulu ziintlekele. Iimfuno zabo zisoloko zingahoywa ngokwempendulo esezantsi nangeeplani zokuchachacha. Umzekelo, indawo yokufihla inxeba isenokungafumaneki kwisitulo esinamavili, okanye ezothutho zisenokungabi luncedo kubantu ngaphandle kwezithuthi zobuqu. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baqhubeke benolwazi olunezinto ezintle, benze izicwangciso zokudibanisa, kunye neqabane lemibutho esekelwe kwibutho elikhonza lamaqela.
Izenzo ezingcono zolawulo lwentlekele yorhulumente wale mihla
Ukuze boyise olu celomngeni baze baqinise, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokuthatha imigaqo engqineke ilungile. Le migaqo ayicingwanga; isetyenziswa ngabantu abaphambili kulo lonke elo lizwe.
Ubuxhakaxhaka Obufudusela Kuyo Yonke Iponti
Ulawulo lwentlekele lwangoku luxhomekeke kakhulu kubugcisa. Iinkqubo zolwazi lwe-Gographic (GIS) zivumela ukwenziwa kwemaphu yexesha lokwenene yomonakalo kunye nosetyenziso lwezibonelelo. Ii-apps ezihambayo zivumela abemi ukuba baxele iingozi baze bafumane izilumkiso ezingokobuqu. Izithuthi zenqwelo-moya (iinqwelo-moya) ezingenamdla zinika uhlolo olukhawulezileyo lomonakalo. Izixhobo zezentlalo-ntle eziphulaphula iinkcazelo zoncedo zinceda amagosa ajonge iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke kwaye afumanise iinkcazelo ezingachananga. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka banike amaqela emali yoqingqo-mali yolawulo longxalo lwamanqangezo zobugcisa kunye noqeqesho.
Ukwakha Isithethe Sokulungiselela Uluntu
Oorhulumente abanako ukukwenza oku bebodwa. Abahlali kufuneka bathathe imbopheleleko yobuqu yokulungiselela. Oorhulumente bengingqi bangakhuthaza le mpucuko ngokukhuthaza indlela yoluntu iphela: ukukhuthaza abamelwane ukuba bajongene, ukuxhasa i-Unity Emergency Reformation Atting Atting Atting Atmt (Umbutho we-CERT), nokunikela uqeqesho lwasimahla ngesisa kwiCPR, uncedo lokuqala, kunye nokulungiselela izinto zokulungisa iintlekele. Urhulumente olungiselelweyo unciphisa umthwalo kumaqumrhu okuphendula nokuphucuka ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuphumelela Ekuqeqesheni Abasebenzi
Ulawulo lwexesha lengxaki ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo ofuna imfundo eqhubekayo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka bathumele abasebenzi abangundoqo kwi-FEMA's Emergency Management Management Institute (EMI), iZizwe ngezizwe zooPhathi-mikhosi be-Emergency (IAEM), kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lomgangatho karhulumente. Amaqondo aphezulu okujika kwiindawo zolawulo longxamiseko ayingxaki yesizwe. Ukuyila iindlela zomsebenzi ezinomtsalane, ukunika imivuzo ekhuphisana, nokunika oovimba bempilo bengqondo kungayiphucula imfuno kunye nolwazi lobuchule.
Ukwenza Amalungiselelo Okusabela Kwintlekele
Amaxwebhu asebenzayo aquka ii-asethi ezithi zifakelwe kuzo zonke iingozi ezinkulu (ingozi, inyikima, umlilo, ubhubhani, uhlaselo ngekhompyutha). Kufuneka ziquke amatyathanga acacileyo omyalelo, ukulandelelana kwamagunya (ukuba usodolophu akafikeleleki), kunye nezicwangciso ezineenkcukacha zobuchule bokwenza izinto. Izicwangciso kufuneka zivavanywe ngokuqhelisa ubuncinane minyaka le, emva koko zihlaziywe ngokwezifundo ezifundiweyo. I-post-intluvo emva kokusebenza zibalulekile ekuphuculweni okuqhubekayo.
Ukuphuhlisa umanyano olumandla loluntu
Amashishini abantu anamandla amakhulu okusebenzisa ubuchule, amatyathanga, kunye nobuchule. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangenza unxulumano olucwangcisiweyo nabathengisi ngeempahla zongxamiseko, neenkampani zezithuthi zezithuthi zokufuduka, kunye neefektha zokwakha ukuze kususwe ukungcola. Izivumelwano zobuPre-disaster kunye nobuchule bokuqonda ziqinisekisa ukuba olu lwalamano lukulungele ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo, izixeko ezininzi zinezivumelwano neebhokisi ezinkulu zokuthengisa iinqwelo-mafutha zokumisela amaziko okuhambisa iintlekele.
Isiphelo: Indima Engenakuthelekiswa Nanto Yoorhulumente Basekuhlaleni
Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basisiseko sempendulo yentlekele kunye nenkqubo yokuphucula. Ubuchule babo bokulungiselela, ukusabela, nokuchacha kwiintlekele kumisela ubuchule bokusebenza koluntu olukulo lonke ilizwe. Ucelomngeni abajamelana nalo . "Imali engalinganiyo, ukuntsonkotha, kunye neemfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo zabemi abakwi-risk/inkulu. Kodwa, ngorhwebo olulungiselelweyo, ukwenziwa kobugcisa, ukuthengiselwa kwengingqi, ukuhambelana nokuphucula okuqhubekayo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokuphucula ubuchule babo nokusindisa ubomi babo. Bonke abami banesibonda esineentweni eziyimfuneko zokufeza le misebenzi ibalulekileyo. I-mibangentlalo-ntle yolawulo lwentlekele yasekuhlaleni iya kusinda kwaye iqhubeke ngexesha lobungozi.