Ukuthembana kukawonke-wonke kumaqumrhu ophando lukarhulumente kuye kwaphela ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kukhuthazwa ngamahlazo aphezulu e-profile kunye neembono zokungaphathwa kakuhle. EUnited States, ukuthembela kurhulumente wesizwe kwangqinwa phantse kufutshane neziganeko eziphantsi zembali, nama-20% kuphela amaMelika avakalisa intembelo kuma-2024, ngokweZiko lophando lwezemali, ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi yemali, ngokubhekiselele kwimithetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Prophicotha kuxhomekeke kusini na, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kobuso obuzimeleyo kuxhomekeke ekuziboneleni ukuba zisebenza njani, nangokubonisa ukuba zisebenza njani, nangokubeka iziphumo zikawonke-wonke wonke. Ngokunikela uphando lwemali, ukulawulwa kwemithetho, ukuvavanywa kwemithetho ezimeleyo kusebenza njengovavanyo olubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yezomthetho. Eli nqaku lihlola indima ekhuthazweyo kwimilinganiselo yolawulo lukarhulumente, ukuvavanyanisa indlela abasebenza ngayo, nendlela abajonga ngayo kwimicimbini.

Indima yeePhondo ezizimeleyo kwiMithetho kaRhulumente

Uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo luqwalaselwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, ngokunyanisekileyo kwiingxelo zemali, imisebenzi, kunye nolawulo lwangaphakathi lwentlangano, oluqhutywa liqela langaphandle elingenampembelelo engafanelekanga. Kumongo karhulumente, olu hlolisiso lusebenza injongo esisiseko: ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali kawonke-wonke isetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni nangempumelelo, kwaye amagosa anamathela kwimigaqo yemithetho. Uzimele komqwalaseli kubaluleke kakhulu . Ngokusuka kungabi nakwahlulwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwilungu elibhaliswayo, le nkqubo iyalahlekelwa yintembeko kwaye iyasilela ekukhuseleni ngokwenene ekumoneni nokonakala okanye ukungafezeki.

IMithetho-zincwadi eLawulayo

Uphicotho-zincwadi lorhulumente ludla ngokwenziwa ngamaziko aphezulu ophicotho-zincwadi (SAIs), njenge-ofisi yobuNikaliso bukaRhulumente (GAO), i-Ofisi yoPhicotho-zincwadi yeSizwe ye-U.K. okanye amanani omgangatho karhulumente kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente. Le mibutho esebenza phantsi kwemiyalelo esemthethweni enika unikezelo kwiingxelo kunye negunya lokuchaza okufunyenweyo kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho kunye noluntu. Ingcaciso yophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo ingaphaya kokuqinisekiswa ngemali; iquka uphicotho lwendlela eqinisekisa enoba iinkqubo ziphumeza iziphumo ezicetyiweyo ngendlela elungileyo nefanelekileyo. Umbutho wezizwe ngezizwe weMicimbiso-Profidistionstions (ITSIA) useke isitshixo semigaqo yokuzilawula, kuquka nokuzikhusela kukawonke-mthetho-ograccomputer, ukungenelwa kolwazi olufanelekileyo, nokufikelela kolwazi olufanelekileyo.

Isizathu Sokuba Inkululeko Ibaluleke

Inkululeko likhundla lokuthembeka kophicotho-zincwadi. Xa abacaphuli bejongwa ngamagosa abajongela phantsi, izinto ezifunyenweyo zingacinezelwa, zisetyenziswe okanye zingahoywa. Umzekelo, kumagunya apho ababali bemi bamiselwa khona lisebe eliphetheyo ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso somthetho, uphicotho-zincwadi lusenokungabi namazinyo afunekayo ukuze kutyhilwe umahluko ofanelekileyo. Inkululeko yokwenyaniso iqinisekisa ukuba abacaphula izinto ezifunyenweyo zingakhange ziphinde ziphinde ziphikiseke, zizenze isithintelo esifanelekileyo nxamnye nokuziphatha okungahloniphekiyo. Lo mgaqo ubekwe kwiLima yeSibhengezo se-ITNASAI, nto leyo ibiza u-SAIS ukuba akhululeke ekulawuleni ngaphandle kwemithetho nokupapashe ilungelo lokupapasha iingxelo zabo.

Indlela yophicotho-zincwadi oluxhasa ngayo imigangatho

Uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo lukhuthaza imigaqo yokuziphatha ngobuchule obuninzi obudityanisiweyo obuqinisana. Ukuphendulana, ukubonakala, ukunqanda, kunye nokuncomela ukulungisa kuyila umjikelo osoloko uphucula ulawulo lwezenzo.

Umbuzo

Uphicotho-zincwadi lwemiba luye lwakhokelela ekuncitshisweni kweenkampani eziqhatha urhulumente kunye neenguqu ezithintelwayo zolawulo lukarhulumente. Xa abaqwalaseli bemiqathango bechaza ukungaphathwa kakuhle, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma, okanye ubuqhophololo, banokubhekisela kumatyala kwiikomiti zomthetho okanye zowiso-mthetho. Uphicotho-zincwadi lweGAO luye lwakhokelela ekuqhatheni iinkampani eziqhathe urhulumente kunye neenguqu zemithetho-mthetho ezifuna ulawulo lwangaphakathi okanye ukuqinisekisa imithetho yasekuhlaleni, ukuphicotha kwee-akhawunti zesikolo, okuphumela ekumangalelweni kwetyala nokuphucula izimali. Oku kudlulela ngaphaya kokwenza okubi: uphicotho lwemiqathango efuna ukumiswa kwenkqubo, okomeleza ulawulo lwangaphakathi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho esemthethweni.

Ukubonakala kwelinye icala

Iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi ezipapashweyo zikhanyisa imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente enokuthi ngenye indlela ingabi nakukhathala. Izakhamuzi, iintatheli, nemibutho egadayo iyakwazi ukufikelela kwezi ngxelo ukuze iqonde indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ii-erandi zerhafu. Umzekelo, iiofisi zomPhicotho-zincwadi we-ofisi waseKhalifonini yaseKhalifoniya zisebenza zonke kwi-intanethi, zivumela uluntu ukuba lubone okufunyenweyo ngamaqumrhu amaziko ezindlu, iimeko zentolongo, kunye neenkqubo zokusingqongileyo. Ukubonakala ngaphaya kwengqondo kunika ingqwalaselo yedemokhrasi: xa abavoti besazi ngenkohlakalo okanye ukungaphumeleli, banokucinezela utshintsho kwibhokisi yebholothi. Ngokulandelayo, ulwazi oluthi uphicoshe ngook

Umgangatho

Oku kunokwenzeka kokuzimela uphicotho-zincwadi okuzimeleyo kungathintela ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni. Abasemagunyeni abaziyo ukuba izigqibo zabo zemali ziza kuhlolisiswa ngabasebenzi bangaphandle azinakukwazi ukubandakanyeka kwicebo lokwenza, lokuphakamisa, okanye lokunyoba. Oku kuthintela kunamandla ngokukodwa xa uphicotho-zincwadi lungachazwanga okanye xa uphicotho-manani lungagqibelwanga. I-ofisi ye-U.S. General, umzekelo, yenza iplani yokuphicotha esekelwe kumngcipheko ebangela ukungaqiniseki kweentloko zeziko.

Icebiso Nezenzo Zokulungisa

Amaphepha-zincwadi awakhangeli nje ukubuya umva; anikela iingcebiso zokukhangela phambili ukuphucula imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nokuthobela. Emva kokuba benolwazi, abangqini becebisa izenzo ezithile, ezifana nokuzalisekisa imigaqo-nkqubo yemfazwe eququzelelwayo, ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lokukhupha iimpempendulu, okanye ukufuna ukunyanzelisa ukhuphiswano. Amaziko orhulumente asoloko efuneka ukuphendula kwiziphumo ezifunyanisiweyo ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo, achaza indlela aza kuphendula ngayo icebiso ngalinye. Umzekelo, uphicotho-zincwadi lweSebe lokhuselo lokhuselo olunoludwe lukhokelele ekuncomeni okungcono kwempahla echukumileyo, ukunciphisa amathuba okuba ngamaba. Xa ezi zisetyenziswa, zidala ukuzikhusela okufanelekileyo.

Imeko Yembali Nendaleko

Ukusetyenziswa kophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo kurhulumente asiyonto yakutshanje.

Uphicotho-zincwadi Lokuqala Kurhulumente

Enye yeenkqubo zophicotho-zincwadi zamandulo ezibhaliweyo ezazikho kwiYiputa yamandulo, apho ababhali babenikwe igunya lokujonga iivenkile zokutya okuziinkozo ngokuchasene ne-pharaonic. EUnited States, ukudalwa kweGAO ngo1921 (okwakubizwa ngokuba yi-General Accounting Office) kwaphawula ukuguqulwa ukusuka kulawulo lwemali olulawulayo ukuya kulawulo lwezomthetho. IGO yanikwa igunya lokuhlola onke amaqumrhu karhulumente, ngokunika iBhunga elizimeleyo uvavanyo olukwigunya. Ngokufanayo, iUnited Kingdom yaseka iExchecesterer kunye neSebe loPhondo loPhondo ngo1866, imisela umsebenzi we-omfolorhente kunye noMphathi-mikhosi. La maziko angaphambili agxininisa kakhulu kwimicimbi yemali, kodwa ngexesha elingaphezulu kwimithetho yayo.

Utshintsho Lwanamhlanje

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwabonwa igalelo lotshintsho olujoliswe ekomelezeni ukuzimela nokusebenza. Kwi-U.S., uMgaqo-nkqubo we-Inspecter jikelele ka-1978 wadala iinja ezizimeleyo ezikwisebe lesizwe, zibika kuzo zombini intloko yombutho kunye neBhunga. Esi senzo sasusa abahloli jikelele kwingcinezelo yezopolitiko, nangona ixhala lento yokuzimela. Ilizwe lonke, iLima Declaration (1997) kunye neSindululo seMexico (2007) sasungula imilinganiselo yomhlaba wonke yenkululeko. Kutshanje, emva kokuba kuvakalisiwe iziphakamiso ezifana ne-Entron edilikaneyo, ingcamango ye "yokuvavanywa kwemibaliso yezobupoliti" yafumana ingeniso kurhulumente, ngokusebenzisa inkcusa-data kunye nempempepho yokufumana inte.

Ucelomngeni Lokwenza Uphicotho - zincwadi Olunempumelelo

Nangona zibalulekile, iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi ezizimeleyo zijongene nemiqobo ephawulekayo enokuthi ingakwazi ukukhuthaza imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Umahluko Wezobupolitika

Uxinzelelo lwezobupolitika mhlawumbi lolona lusisisongelo sikhulu sokufuna ukuzimela. Kwamanye amazwe, abasebenzi bezolwazi bayatyunjwa okanye basuswe ngokokuthanda kwegunya eliphetheyo, kuvezwe iziphumo ezimandundu. Kwanakulawulo-melo oluthe ngqo, ukuphazamisana okuchuliweyo kuyenzeka: uqingqo-mali lwamasebe ophicotho-zincwadi lunganqanyulelwa emva kokuba enikezele iingxelo ezirhalazayo, okanye izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zigcinwe ziyimfihlo. I-GAO imele ibekwe phantsi kwemigudu yolawulo lolawulo lwabaphathi, ingakumbi phantsi kwegunya legunya elikhulu. Ukuphikisana noku, oorhulumente abaninzi baye baqingqa imali edityaniswe kwimibango yezolawulo oluphezulu olusemthethweni. Umzekelo, umPhicoshekiskripti-Jishini-Jiji-Jiji-Jijini woMzantsi Afrika ungumGenekisholi-Jijini ungumgqeqele-o umele ukuba inciphethiwe ngokusemthethweni, i-odwa ngokungenayodwa ngokomntlukelo oluzimeleyodwa ngokomthetho.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Uphicotho-zincwadi lunemiqathango edityanisiweyo. Uphicotho-mali lufuna ababhali-mali abanobuchule, uphicotho-zincwadi lwemali olufuna umbandela obalulekileyo, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lwemisebenzi lubandakanya abaphengululi kunye nezazinzulu zedata. Amasebe amaninzi ophicotho-zincwadi lukarhulumente athe afakwa phantsi kwemiyalelo yawo. Ngokomzekelo, iGAO, ibone abasebenzi bayo bencipha ukusuka kuma-5 000 kwiminyaka yowe-1990 ukuya kuma-3 000 kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwananjengokuba ukuntsonkotha kweenkqubo zikarhulumente kukhule. Amandla okusebenza ngokwemiqatha yemiqathango yeminye yeenkqubo, ishiya ezinye iinkqubo zingenawo uhlolo oluncinane. Oku kungenza izithuba ezixhaphazelo olungekho mthethweni. Ukuphendula oku, abanye oomatshini be-SAS bayalwamkela ucwangciso-astcillic nezo lwezo-accolorkishoshosho olusekelweyo olusekelweyo.

Ukuntsonkotha Nokuxhathisa

Iinkqubo zikarhulumente ziye zakhula zaba ntsonkothileko kakhulu, zibandakanya iintsalela ezininzi zabakhi, abanikeli, kunye nezivumelwano zoorhulumente. Ukudityaniswa kwenkqubo efana neSebe lezempilo neSebe Leenkonzo Zoluntu lase-U.Inkqubo ye-Medicaid ifuna ukuba kusetyenziswe imimiselo emininzi karhulumente neyorhulumente. Ukongeza kokunkqangiyela kwamagosa anokuthi angayi kufumana ulwazi, ukulibazisela iimpendulo, okanye ukunikezela ngeengxelo ezingaphelelanga. Abaphindi-zincwadi-zincwadi-zincwadi mabaxubushe le miqobo ngoxa belondoloza inkululeko yabo. Uqeqesho kunye nobuchule obukhethekileyo bubalulekile bufuna ukuba basebenzisane.

Imisebenzi yePhondo

Ukuhlolisisa amatyala athile kubonisa indlela uphicotho - zincwadi oluzimeleyo oluyinyusele ngayo ngokuthe ngqo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha luze lukhokelele ekuguquleni izinto ngendlela ecacileyo.

Ukuchacha kwemali

Isixeko esasiwiswe yindawo ephantsi kwemali uDetroit ngowama-2013 sabangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwe-exemplont nguMphicothi-zincwadi Jikelele waseMichigan lwatyhila indlela engafanelekanga yokulawula izimali, kuquka ukungaphumeleli kokudibanisa ii-akhawunti zebhanki, ukunqongophala kwemisebenzi, nokungahlawuli iindleko zemali yempesheni. Iingxelo zophicotho-mali zasetyenziswa ekuboneni ukuba isixeko asizange siveze ngxelo ezichanileyo zemali kangangeminyaka. Oku kufunyaniswe kokunyanzeleka korhulumente ukuba amisele umphathi wezongxakeko, kwaye amanani alandelela ukumiswa kwemali exesheni aquka ukudityaniswa kwemali yesixeko, nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwemali ekhoyo. Namhlanje, iingxelo zemali ze-Detroitberg zibonisa ulawulo oluphuculweyo nokugcinwa kwimicimbi yezentengo.

Ukufunyaniswa Kobuqhetseba eIllinois

I-Illinois Office yeComptor kunye noMphicothi-zincwadi Jikelele weRhulumente ineminyaka emide ichaza ubuqhetseba. Uludwe lwee-Picolpoist zovavanyo kumawaka amabini lwatyhila izenzo zobuqhetseba zoqhaqho-bhaqo kumasebe karhulumente, kuquka ukutsala nokurhwaphiliza i-ankile kunye namaqhinga okudibanisa abasebenzi bakarhulumente. Enye i-Phondo i-Oficile i-Ofire yeNjengelelo-General yatyhila ukuba igosa-ofisi yesebe lezothutho lorhulumente iqhube izivumelwano zenkampani yezothutho yesizwe, zaphula umthetho wemithetho efuna ukuba bonke abasebenzi bagqibe imigaqo yemithetho yezomthetho.

Ukuphucula Imeko YaseAtlanta

Emva kothotho lweenkqubo zorhwaphilizo ezimanyumnyezi kwiHolo yesiXeko saseAtlanta ekuqaleni kowama-2010, uphicotho-zincwadi lwesixeko lwathatha uhlolo olubanzi lweSebe lokuKhupha. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwabonisa ubuthathaka obunzulu: ukungakhuphiswano, ukuphoswa kwamaxwebhu, kunye nenkcubeko yemvume engacwangciswanga eyavumela abasebenzi ukuba bangazikhuseli. Iingcebiso zobuphicotho-zincwadi zamkelelwa zaquka ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokufumana i-elektroniki, ifuna ukutyhilwa kwamapolisa kuzo zonke izivumelwano ezingaphaya komda othile, nokusekwa kwesikhundla semithetho. Uphicotho lwafumanisa ukuba ezi nguquko zaphucula kwaye zicuthe amathuba okunga okunga.

Imizekelo Yamazwe Ngamazwe: ICGU yaseBrazil

IComptorer General yaseBrazil (CGU) ngumzekelo wendlela uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo olunokulwa ngayo urhwaphilizo lorhwebo ngokwesikali sesizwe. ICGU iqhuba uphicotho olungacwangciswanga lokusebenzisa imali kamasipala, ipapashe iziphumo ezineenkcukacha kwi-intanethi. Kwenye imeko, uphicotho-zincwadi oluqhelekileyo lutyhile ukuba isixeko esincinane sasifundisa ngemfundo esekelwe kwisikolo esifihlakeleyo, ubuqhetseba obakhokelela ekubanjweni komphathi-dolophu. Umsebenzi ka-CGU unconywe ngokunciphisa ukuhambela kweminxela ekuthunyeni kwemithetho. Ukuzimela kwaso kukhuselwa ngumthetho, kwaye igunya lokuphanda ngaphandle kwesaziso. ICGU imvume yabemi ekuboneni izinto ezifunyenweyo ze-Accoun.

Umgaqo wexesha elizayo: Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nemithetho yokuziphatha

Ikamva lophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo kurhulumente linxulumene nokuphuhliswa kobugcisa. Izixhobo ezintsha zikhulisa amandla okuhlola ukuchasana kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ukunciphisa iindleko, nokwandisa ukubonakala.

Comment

Ugcino-lwazi lusebenzisa ii-alytics ukuguqula indlela yophicotho-zincwadi. Abaphicothi-zincwadi bangavavanya ngoku izigidi zentengiselwano ngemizuzwana, ukuyeka ukukhupha iipateni zemali ezingaqhelekanga, ukuphindaphindwa kwe-invoisi, okanye imivuzo ekhoyo. I-GAO isebenzisa ii-alytictics ezints ukuvavanya iimposiso zobuqhetseba kwiinkqubo zempilo zikarhulumente, njengeMedicare. Iinkqubo zolwazi-algority zingaphawula iipakethi ezinokuthi iinkcaciso zabantu ziphoswe, ezifana necolusion phakathi kwabathengi namagosa. Noko ke, ukuxhomekeka kwe-jaho i-jaho i-jain ngemibambo ekhoyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-algnometics argis azikho izigcunt okanye izigciso ezibekwe ngokungekho mthethweni ze-mo-mfo-mfo.

Isithinteli sokubonisa ngaphaya

Ubugcisa beblockchain bunika isikhombisi sokukhusela intengiso kurhwebo lukarhulumente. E-Estonia, urhulumente usebenzisa iblokochain ukukhusela iirekhodi zempilo, ukubhalisa izinto, kunye neerekhodi zerhafu, ukwenza ukuba irekhodi yexesha lobunyani eliphicongwayo libe nokwenzeka. Ukuba iyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, iblokochain ingavumela abaphindi ukuba baqinisekise intengiselwano ngokuqhubekayo kunokulandela imodeli yexesha elithile, ukunciphisa amathuba okuqhathayo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokufumana i-i-i-intshi esekelwe kwi-projekthi, ukubhalisa i-mali ukuze ihlawule intlawulo lokugqibela, nge-fishbrefishmamps. Oku kunganika umva ongenakujika-magetting trans ukuhlola. Ngexa i-mastical ekhoyo, imiba ye-enjini ekhoyo, imisebenzi emininzi ibonise i-injini ekwimeko ekwimeko.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Isifo sophicotho-19 esinyanzelekileyo samasebe asebenza kude ukuze amkele ubugcisa bokuphicotho-zincwadi. Ngokusebenzisa unxulumano olukhuselekileyo lwevidiyo, uxwebhu olwabelweneyo, kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe kumafu, abangqini bayakwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo naxa behamba kunye nokufikelela kwabo. Uphicotho-zincwadi olukude lungqineke lunexabiso elisebenzayo kwaye lusebenza kakuhle, kwaye amaqumrhu amaninzi aceba ukugcina indlela e-idrived ukuze anciphise iindleko kunye nokuvumela ii-adiess. Kodwa, ukubhalisa okukude kufuna ugcino-data oluqinileyo nokunyusa inkxalabo ngobuchule bokuhlola izinto zokwenyama okanye ukuqwalasela imisebenzi yobuqu. Ukusebenza okunempumelelo okupheleleyo kuya kuhlala kulucelomngeni.

Ukufikelela okuthe kratya

Ulwahlulo phakathi kwamaqumrhu ophicotho-zincwadi kunye namanye amaqumrhu olawulo luyanda. Umzekelo, iGAO isebenzisana rhoqo nabahloli jikelele, nee-ofisi zokufunxa iimpempe, kunye nokusebenza komthetho. Kwi-European Court of Applications idibanisa i-SAIS ne-EUS. Uphicotho-manani olunemiba ephicothiweyo lungadibanisa ubuchule, luphephe ukukhutshwa, luvelise izinto ezithe lwanda kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, abami kunye nokujongwa okuxhotyiweyo okuvela njengabancedisi bemithetho esemthethweni yokuphiconga kunye ne-Vencwadi ye-NYCellsss ivumela abemi ukuba bahlole indlela esetyenziswa ngurhulumente kunye nengxelo ye-oma, ezinokubhekiswa kwabasebenzi bezolwazi abalandela i-ophatholiye.

Ikhonkco Lokuthemba Uwonke Wonke

Impumelelo yophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo ekukhuthazeni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ixhomekeke ekuthembeni kwabantu kwinkqubo yophicotho-zincwadi kunye norhulumente.

Ukuba Ngummi Ongummi

Iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi kufuneka zibhalwe ngolwimi olufikelelekayo kwaye zandiswe ngokubanzi. Iofisi yoPhicotho-zincwadi ye-U.S. eTexas ikhupha izishwankathelo zolwimi olucacileyo ecaleni kweengxelo ezipheleleyo, ikwenza kube lula ukuba amaqela eentatheli nabemi basekuhlaleni baqonde okufunyenweyo. Ezinye iiholo zedolophu ze-SAS Is ukuxubusha ngeziphumo zophicotho-zincwadi kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo. Xa abemi bexelelwa ngeziphumo zophicotho-zincwadi, banokubeka amagosa exanduva ngonyulo, ukuqhatha, okanye ukudisana ngqo nomthetho. I-CGU eBrazil inesingxengxelo apho abemi banokuxela ukuthelekisa iingxelo zobuqhopholo, ezisoloko zixhobisa uhlalo.

Ulawulo lwezazulu

Izixhobo ze-media zidlala indima ebalulekileyo yokwandisa. Iintatheli ezifumana ingeniso zixhomekeke kwiingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi zokutyhila amabali orhwaphilizo okanye okulahlwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-Washington Post, isebenzisa uphicotho-zincwadi lwe-GAO ukubhenca ukuchitha imali kwizixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga. Noko ke, ingqalelo yamajelo eendaba ingakwayiyo inokuba likrele elineentambo ezimbini ezinokujoliseka kuxinzelelo oluchukumisayo kwimiba yenkqubo enzulu. Ukugcina imilinganiselo yobugcisa kunye nokuchasa impembelelo yezopolitiko okanye yezixhobo zekhompyutha kuyinxalenye yomsebenzi ongokwemali ozimeleyo.

Isiphelo

Uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo asingomsebenzi wobugcisa nje owenziwa kwityala lemali; zisisiseko solawulo lwendlela yokuziphatha. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuphendula, ukubonakala, ukunqanda, nokuphuculwa kobugcisa, uphicotho-zincwadi lunceda ukwandisa nokugcina ugcino-lwazi lwezolawulo-mpumlo kumgangatho woluntu. Njengoko iinkqubo zikarhulumente zikhula zinzima kwaye zifunwa nguwonke wonke ukuba kubekho ihambo entle, indima yophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo iya kuba yeyona inzima kakhulu. Ngoxa imingeni enzima yokuzikhusela kwezobupolitika, inkxaso-mali, kunye nokuzinziwa kobugcisa iqhubeka, indaleko yemisebenzi yokuphicotha, amandla e-data, ama-tabchain, amandla okusebenza okude, kunye neenkqubo zentsebenziswano-mathematilo-mali ukuze zoncedo lwabo. Abahambisi-mthetho, abenzi-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko, kufuneka basebenze kunye neenkculonke kunye neenkcutho zisebenza kunye neenkcutho zisebenza kunye nolawulo zolawulo zolawulo zolawulo zolawulo zobuthe