Yintoni Ebalulekileyo Ngabaphandi Yaye Kutheni Kubalulekile?

IElectoral College yinkqubo eyamiselwa ngumGaqo-siseko waseUnited States njengokulungelelanisa phakathi konyulo oluqhelekileyo nonyulo oluqhelekileyo nolukhoyo yiKhomishini. Xa abavoti bephosa izibheno zabo kumongameli nakwisekela lomongameli, eneneni bavota isileti sabanyuli abaye bathembisa ukuxhasa abo batshatileyo. Ukuqonda indlela abakhethwa ngayo nendlela abavota ngayo iyimfuneko nabani na ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi nokuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi labo liyaviwa.

Abaphandi asiloqela elingenalusini labangenisi bezopolitiko abazenzayo izigqibo ezizimeleyo. Bangabantu bokwenene abanoxanduva olukhethekileyo, iimbopheleleko ezingokwasemthethweni, kunye nendima echaziweyo kunyulo lomongameli. Eli nqaku liyichitha yonke inkqubo, ukusuka ekukhetheni ukuya ekuvoteni, ngoko ke ungasondela kuSuku loNxululo ngentembelo nangokucacileyo.

Indlela Abakhethwa Ngayo Abacebisi

Inkqubo yokukhetha abachongi iyahluka ngokwemeko, kodwa ilandela isakhiwo jikelele esilawulwa yimithetho karhulumente kunye nemithetho yeqela lezobupolitika. Ukuqonda le nkqubo kunceda abavoti baqonde uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwevoti yabo nabachongi abaza kuyimela.

Ukutyunjwa Kwemibutho Yezobupolitika

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokukhetha abachongi yile isetyenziswa liqela lezobupolitika. Ngentwasahlobo nangehlobo leminyaka yonyulo, amaqela ezobupolitika akwiziqu zamazwe aphethe iindibano, iintlanganiso zeekomiti, okanye ezinye iinkqubo zangaphakathi ukuba asebenze njengabanyuli. Aba bantu badla ngokuba ngamalungu eqela elidala, amagosa anyuliweyo, abaxhasi bemibutho, okanye iinkokeli zoluntu eziye zabonakalisa ukunyaniseka kwiqela nakumntu oza kuthabatha inxaxheba kulo.

I-Candidate yonyulo lwezicelo okanye iqeshwa libukhokeli beqela. Iqela ngoko livota kwisileti sabanyuli abalingana nenani leevoti zonyulo ezibambene norhulumente. Umzekelo, ukuba urhulumente unevoti ezingama-20 zokhetho, iqela ngalinye elikhulu lingenisa abavoti abangama-20. Iqela eliphumeleleyo lifaka iziko lonyulo lorhulumente.

Imida Yokhetho Neemfaneleko

Ngoxa zimbalwa iimfuneko zikarhulumente zokusebenza njengomnyuli, umGaqo-siseko nomthetho wesizwe umisela imiqathango ethile esisiseko. ICandelo II, ICandelo 1, uClause 2 lithi akukho mmeli, okanye umntu okwisikhundla sokuthemba okanye ingeniso phantsi kwe-United States onokuba ngumnyuli. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abanyuli abangomalungu karhulumente wesizwe abanokuba neengxaki zomdla.

Imithetho yezorhulumente yongeza imiqukumbelo eyongezelelekileyo. Iirejista ezininzi zifuna abavoti ukuba babhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kunye nabemi beli lizwe. Amanye amatyala abenza abantu abagwetyelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile okanye abanezikhundla ezithile zikarhulumente. Amaqela ezobupolitika adla ngokunyanzela eyawo imithetho, njengobude obuncinci beqela okanye imfuneko yokutyikitya isiqinisekiso sokuxhasa umvoteko.

Indima Yemithetho Karhulumente

Urhulumente ngamnye unegunya elingomgaqo-siseko lokumisela indlela abanyuli bayo abanyulwa ngayo. Oku kukhokelele kutshintsho olubalulekileyo kulo lonke ilizwe. Amanye amaphondo aqhuba unyulo oluphambili ukukhetha abanyuli, lo gama amanye esebenzisa i-caucuuses okanye iindibano zeqela. Uluhlu olumbalwa lwamazwe lusebenzisa abanyuli ngqo kwibhola, luvumela abavoti babone amagama abantu abavotelwa ngabo. Noko ke, kumazwe amaninzi, ibholati ibonisa kuphela amagama omongameli kunye nomphathi-sekela wabachongi, nabachongi abadwe kushicilelo oluhle okanye abadweli kubo bonke.

IRiphablikian kunye neDidemocratic yamaqela angenisa uluhlu lwawo lwabanyuli kwigosa eliyintloko lonyulo, elidla ngokuba ngunobhala karhulumente, ngokwexesha elimisiweyo lomthetho. Urhulumente ngoko wenza isileti sokuphumelela esisekelwe kwiziphumo ezithandwayo zevoti.

Inani Labahlalutyi

Inani labanyuli abafunyanwa ngurhulumente ngamnye lixhomekeke kumelo lwalo olupheleleyo kwiBhunga: isixa sabameli baseUnited States (ngamaxesha onke ababini) kunye nabameli bayo baseUnited States (ethi yahluka-hlukene ngokusekelwe kubemi). Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuzenzekelayo mbuso ngamnye ufumana amavoti amathathu okhetho, okubuncinanana kumazwe anabemi abancinane abanjenge-Wyoming, i-Alaska, ne-Vermont.

Iphulo elisekelwe kumelo lweBhunga

Ukwahlulwa kwezihlalo zendlu kuphinda kubalekwe kwakhona emva kweminyaka elishumi emva kokuba kuqaliswe inani labantu besizwe. Njengoko kutshintshana kwabemi, amazwe angafumana okanye aphulukane nevoti yonyulo. Umzekelo, emva kokuba kubhaliswe inani lama-2020, iTexas yafumana iivoti ezimbini zokhetho ngexesha iKhalifoniya neNew York nganye ilahlekile.

EKhalifoniya ngoku ibamba olona voti zininzi nge 54, lo gama amaphondo amancinane aliqela ephethe ubuncinane obuthathu. Inani lilonke labanyuli abanqumla wonke amazwe neSithili saseColumbia lingu 538, elimela amalungu angama-435 eNdlu, i-100 i-Senator, kunye nezinyuli ezi-3 zeWashington, D.C.

Isithili saseColumbia Esikhethekileyo

ISithili saseColumbia asingorhulumente, kodwa ifumana iivoti ezintathu zabanyuli ngaphantsi kweSigqibo sama-23 soMgaqo-siseko, esagunyaziswa ngo1961. Oku kunika abahlali ilungelo lokuvota kunyulo lomongameli, nangona isithili singamelelwanga kwiBhunga. Inani labavoti beD.C. lilingana nenani labachongi urhulumente kunye nobona bantu bambalwa abaya kwamkela, okuyisithathu.

Indlela Abahlalutyi Abazigqobhoza Ngayo Izandi Zabo

Xa unyulo jikelele lubanjwa kwaye iziphumo ezidumileyo zevoti ziqinisekisiwe, abavoti abasuka kwisileti seqela eliphumeleleyo babizelwa ukudibana nokuphosa ngokusemthethweni amavoti abo. Le nkqubo icwangciswe kakuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba cacileyo nokuthobelana okusemthethweni.

Ukudibana Kwabahlalutyi

Umthetho womanyano ufuna abavoti badibane ngoMvulo wokuqala emva koLwesithathu lwesibini ngoDisemba emva konyulo. Ngomhla wama-2024, lo mhla nguDisemba 17. Abavoti bahlanganisa kumakomkhulu abo esizwe, ngokuqhelekileyo kwisakhiwo secapitol karhulumente okanye kwenye indawo emiselwe urhulumente. Bahlala ngexesha elimiselweyo baze balandele inkqubo ethile emiselwe ngumthetho karhulumente.

Intlanganiso yintlanganiso esemthethweni. Ababekisi bafaka amavoloti ahlukeneyo kamongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli. Batyobela kwaye batywina isatifiketi sovoti, esaziwa njengesiqinisekiso se Vote, esiyinxalenye yoxwebhu olukhulu olubizwa ngokuba yisiqinisekiso sonobumba. Esi siqinisekiso siquka amagama abavoti, abavoti abarhoxiweyo, kunye notyikityo lwabavoti kunye nomphathi omkhulu wonyulo.

Isiqinisekiso Esitsha

Emva kokuba abakhethi bevote, imeko ivelisa imibhalo emininzi yantlandlolo yesiqinisekiso se Vote. Le mibhalo ithunyelwa ngeposi ebhalisiweyo kubamkeli abaliqela:

  • Enye ikopi iya kuMongameli weNdlu yeeNtsimi (Umongameli onguMongameli waseUnited States).
  • Imibhalo emibini ithunyelwa kwiArchivist yaseUnited States.
  • Enye isiya kunobhala karhulumente.
  • Enye ikopi iya kumgwebi oyintloko wenkundla yesithili yephondo ekwilizwe apho abanyuli babedibana khona.

Ezi ziqinisekiso ziirekhodi ezisemthethweni zovoti yovoti kwaye zisetyenziswa ngexesha lentlanganiso yeKhomishini edityanisiweyo ukubala amavoti.

Ukubala Imibandela Ekhoyo Kwingqungquthela

Inyathelo lokugqibela kwinkqubo yokunyulwa kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 6 emva konyulo, xa iKhomishini ihlanganisana kwintlanganiso yokubala amavoti abavoti abachongi. UMongameli ongumongameli, kumandla akhe njengoMongameli weBhunga, wongamela ubalo. Iziqinisekiso zivulwa ngolungelelwano olulandelelanayo ngurhulumente, kwaye amavoti avakaliswa ngabaxeli abamiselweyo abavela kuzo zombini iNdlu neNdlu.

Ukuba umbatiswa ufumana uninzi lwevoti zonyulo, ubuncinane 270 kwi 538, bavakaliswa bephumelele. Ukuba akukho mqobo ungena kumnyango omkhulu, unyulo lugqitywe yiNdlu yabameli, kunye nentsebenziswano nganye yesizwe ivote enye. Le ngxelo yenzeke kabini kwimbali yaseMerika, kutshanje ngo1824.

Izakhono zomvuli- Zonke.

Uninzi lwamazwe lusebenzisa uloyiso olufumana ubhaqo-nke inkqubo yokuvota okuzivotelwayo. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, umvoti ophumeleleyo othandwayo kwiphondo ufumana zonke iivoti zikarhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwanololoyiso olunciphileyo lwama 51% ukuya ku 49% lweziphumo kwi 100% zabavoti abachongi abaya kungenelwa kwivoti ephumeleleyo.

Umthetho Usebenzisa Izabelo- Zonke

Amashumi amane anesibhozo amazwe neSithili saseColumbia zisebenzisa indlela yokufumana impumelelo. Le nkqubo idla ngokunyusa ukubaluleka kolawulo lwezijingi, apho isiphumo singaqinisekanga, kwaye ingakhokelela kwimeko apho umvotelwa ephumelela kwivoti edumileyo kodwa aphulukane nevoti ethandwayo yesizwe, njengoko kwenzeka ngo 2000 nango2016. Indlela yokuphumelela ilawulwa ngumthetho wesizwe, kwaye akukho mfuneko karhulumente yokuyisebenzisa.

Indlela yeSithili seNebraska

Maine ne Nebraska zingamatyala amabini kuphela asebenzisa indlela yokwahlula ngokwentsalela, esoloko ibizwa ngokuba yindlela yesithili. Kula maphondo, amavoti amabini avoti anikwe umfumani othandwayo ehlabathi lonke, kwaye ivoti enye evoti evotiweyo inikwa umvuzo wevoti ethandwayo kwisithili ngasinye sombutho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ivoti yonyulo ingahlukaniswa phakathi kwabavoti, ibonise ulwahluzo olugqwethekileyo lwezikhethelo kwimo.

Umzekelo, ngowama-2020, iNebraska yanikezela ngevoti ezine kwezihlanu zayo zonyulo kuDonald Trump kunye nomnye kuJoe Biden, owaphumelela kwisithili sesibini sombutho wesizwe. Ngokufanayo, uMaine ubonile iivoti zonyulo ezihlukeneyo kunyulo oluninzi lwangoku. Le nkqubo inika umzekelo onqabileyo womelo olulungelelanisiweyo kwisiseko sekholeji ye-Electoral.

Abakhuphi Abangenalukholo Nemiphumo Esemthethweni

Abanyuli abangenalukholo ngabavoti abavotela umnyulwa ngaphandle kolowo abathenjiswe ngaye. Ngoxa igama elithi "ongenalukholo" licebisa ukungcatshwa kokuthembana, ukuma okusemthethweni kovoti abanjalo kunzima kwaye bekungumbandela wemimiselo yeNkundla Ephakamileyo yakutshanje.

Imizekelo Yembali

Abanyuli abangenalukholo baye bavela kunyulo lomongameli kwimbali yonke yaseMelika, nangona bengazange baguqule iziphumo zonyulo. Ngonyaka ka-2016, abanyuli abasixhenxe bavotelwa abanye ngaphandle kwabo babebotshelelwe ukuba baxhase, inani eliphakamileyo kwinkulungwane engaphezu kwe. Abanyuli abaphezulu bephondo laseWashington kunye nomnye umnyuli weMinnesota owathembisa uHillary Clinton ukuba avote abanye abatshayeli, ngelixesha abavunyiweyo baseTexas kuDonald Trump ukuba bavote abanye abatshatisi.

Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo iquka umnyuli weNtshona Virginia ngowe-1988 owavotela uLloyd Bentsen endaweni kaMichael Dukakis, kunye nonovote wasePennsylvania ngowe-1968 owavotela uGeorge Wallace endaweni kaRichard Nixon. Ezi ziganeko, nangona zinqabile, zibalaselisa amathuba okuba abanyuli ngabanye baphambuke kwizifungo zabo.

Imithetho KaRhulumente Nemigwebo Yenkundla Ephakamileyo

Amaphondo amaninzi anemithetho efuna abanyuli ukuba bavote lowo abathenjiweyo. Le mithetho iyahluka kwimiqathango yabo, esuka kuhlawulo ukuya kususwa kwindawo. Amanye amazwe avumela urhulumente ukuba arhoxise ivoti yomvoti ongenalukholo aze athathe indawo yawo ngomnye umnyuli oza kuvota ngokulungileyo.

Ngo-2020, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yakhupha umthetho wesigqeba kumatyala Chiafalo v. Washington kunye ne-[FLT] Isebe le-Colado leSizwe v. IBaca[. Inkundla yakhupha umthetho owiselgoneyo ukuba unyanzelise izifungo kwaye ususe okanye ubeke ityala abanyuli abangenalukholo. Esi sigqibo saqinisekisa ukuba amaziko anokufuna abacholi ukuba balandele iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zevo, ngokunempumelelo kupheliswa nasiphi isiphumezi-miyalelo somthetho ukwenzela unyulo.

Oko Abasebenzi Bezorhwebo Bafanele Bakwazi

Njengomvoti, ukuqonda inkqubo yovoti kukunceda ubone umzobo opheleleyo wendlela ukhetho lwakho oluguqulela ngayo kwiziphumo zonyulo lomongameli. Uqwalaselo oluninzi lunokukunceda ukuba ube nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo.

Ukuqonda Ibhola Yakho

Xa uvota umongameli, ungobuchule bokuvota isitili sabanyuli. Kwamanye amazwe, amagama abavoti avela kwivoti ecaleni kwamagama omongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli. Kumazwe athile, amagama abaza kubhaptizwa kuphela abonakala, nephetshana elibonisa ukuba ivoti yabanyuli babo. Ngapha koko, ivoti yakho yabavoti babo abagunyazisiweyo, lilonke ukuba umvotisi wabo uphumelele urhulumente.

Ukuba uhlala eMaine okanye eNebraska, uvoti yakho imisela iziphumo kwisithili sengqungquthela yakho, nto leyo enokuthi iphumele kwivoti ezohlukeneyo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kubavoti kuloo mazwe.

Ukukhangela ubhaliso kunye neMihlaba yoLuntu

Phambi komhla wokhetho, qinisekisa ukuba ubhaliso lwakho lomvoti luchanekile. Yiya kwi website yonyulo karhulumente wakho okanye sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana USUSA.gov''' umbhalisi wephepha lokuvota [ ukuvavanya ubume bakho. Qinisekisa indawo yakho yokuvota kunye neeyure zayo zokusebenza. Ukuba uceba ukuvota ngeposi, cela ibholati yakho kakuhle phambili kwaye ulandele yonke imiyalelo, kuquka iimfuno zotyikityo.

Amazwe amaninzi anika uvotelo lwangoko, olunokunceda ekuphepheni imigca emide ngoSuku lokhetho. Hlola ucwangciso lovotelo lwangoko lwelizwe lakho kwaye usebenzise lona ukuba lukhona.

Ukubaluleka Komzi - mveliso Othandwayo

Ngelixesha iElectoral College ekugqibeleni igqiba umongameli, ivoti ethandwayo kwilizwe ngalinye igqiba ukuba yeyiphi irela labanyuli ekhethwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke imivoti kwimicimbi yombuso ngamnye, ingakumbi kumazwe apho umda ukufuphi. Nokuba uhlala kwimo evota rhoqo kwiqela elinye, iphembelela wonke ummandla wezopolitiko kwaye uthumela umyalezo malunga nokhetho lomvoti.

Amaqondo onyulo lovota ayahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngonyaka wonyulo. Unyulo lomongameli wama-2020 lwabona olona nyulo luphezulu ngaphezu kwenkulungwane, olumalunga nama-66% abavoti abafanelekileyo bekhupha amavoti. Imigudu yokwandisa umvoti iyaqhubeka, kwaye ukuqonda inkqubo yabavoti kuyinxalenye engundoqo yokuba ngummi onolwazi.

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Engachananga Ngabahlalutyi

Iimbono eziliqela eziphosakeleyo ngabavoti ziyaqhubeka phakathi kwabantu ngokubanzi. Ukuchaza aba kunganceda abavoti bayiqonde kakuhle le nkqubo.

  • [[FLT: 0] Intelekelelo: Abahlalutyi bazimeleyo ngabenzi besigqibo abangavotela nabani na. Enyanisweni, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iqinisekise ukuba amaziko anokufuna abanyuli ukuba balandele ivoti ethandwayo. Abanyuli abangenalukholo banqabile kwaye bangagwetywa.
  • Ukungagqibeki: I-Electoral College yindawo ebonakalayo. Igama elithi "college" libhekisela kwiqela labantu, hayi kwisakhiwo. Abacebisi badibana kumaphondo abo, kwaye akukho mbindi we-Electoral College.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Miscception: uphumelele ivoti ethandwayo iqinisekisa umongameli. Ngelixesha ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lubalulekile, yivoti evoti yonyulo emisela uphumelele. Oomongameli ababini kwiminyaka engama-25 edluleyo baphumelele umongameli ngaphandle kokuphumelela kwivoti ethandwayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukungangqamani: Abacebisi ababizwanga okanye abaziwayo. Amazwe amaninzi apapasha amagama abanyuli phambi konyulo. Ngokufuthi aziinkokeli zamaqela, amagosa anyuliweyo, okanye abaxhasi bengingqi abaziwayo ekuhleni kumaphondo abo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kubantu Abathengisa Imali

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivoti yakho inempembelelo ecetyiweyo, landela la manyathelo asebenzisekayo:

  1. [[FLT: 0] Ukuqinisekisa ubume bobhaliso lwakho lovoti ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo. Sebenzisa USA. uvavanyo lobhaliso [ ukuqinisekisa ubume bakho.
  2. Jonga ibholati yakho yombuso phambi koSuku lokhetho. Amazwana amaninzi anika isampuli yeebhola kwi-intanethi, akuvumela ukuba uphande abahlohli kunye nemibandela kusengaphambili.
  3. [[UMTL:0] Yazi imithetho yokuvota yesizwe sakho, kuquka iimfuno ze-ID zovoti, ixesha lokurhoxa kwebholothi, kunye nokukhetha kwangethuba.
  4. Ukhuseleko kwangoko ukuba kuyenzeka ukunqanda imigca emide kunye neziphumo zemifuno yokugqibela.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Tsiba ivoti yakho ukuba uvota ngeposi. Amazwe amaninzi anikela iinkonzo zokukhangela ibhola yokukhangela ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ivoti yakho yamkelekile kwaye yabalwa.
  6. [[FLT: 0] Zifundise kwi-Electoral College nendlela esebenza ngayo kwimo yakho. Ukuqonda inkqubo kukunceda uqonde ifuthe elipheleleyo levoti yakho.

Kulwazi oluninzi olunenkcukacha, ugcino-lwazi lwamazwe lwe-Electoral iphepha leKholeji lunikezela ngoovimba ababanzi, kuquka ugcino-lwazi lwembali kunye neenkqubo zombuso.

Ukuqonda indlela abanyulwa abakhethwa ngayo nendlela abavotayo abakunika ngayo amandla okuba uthabathe inxaxheba ngendlela ecacileyo kwinkqubo yonyulo. Uvoti lwakho lugqiba ngqo ukuba sisiphi isileti sabanyuli esimele imeko yakho, kwaye abo banyuli banendima echazwe kakuhle elawulwa kakuhle ngurhulumente nomthetho wezwe. Ngokuhlala benolwazi kwaye bebandakanyeka nenkqubo, unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yedemokhrasi ihlala ikhanyakhanya, iphendula, kwaye iyasabela kukuthanda kwabantu.