Irhuluneli zisebenza njengentloko yegunya labo, ijongene nokuzalisekisa imithetho karhulumente, ukulawula uqingqo-mali, kunye nokuyalela urhulumente woRhulumente. Kwiminyaka emine kumaphondo amaninzi (iirhuluneli ezimbalwa ezinyuliweyo rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini), intloko yokuvota kwimivotelo yokukhetha ukuba ngubani oza kukhokela imeko yabo kwixesha elilandelayo. Ukuqonda inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokulawula, ukusukela kunyulo lokuqala ukuya kutsho kubalo lokugqibela lweebholathi-/abahlali-abahlali babanenxaxheba kumgangatho obalulekileyo wedemokhrasi.

Umjikelo Wokhetho Lwezinyithi

Unyulo lwegubernator aluzenzeki lonke ngemini enye. Ngelixesha amazwe amaninzi ebamba unyulo lwawo ngeminyaka ephakathi konyulo lomongameli okanye lwesigaba sombutho, amanye acwangcisa iminyaka engaqhelekanga. Le nkqubo ishukumayo ithetha ukuba phantse unyaka ngamnye omnye urhulumente unyulela irhuluneli. Ngomzekelo, amazwe ali-11 abanjwe lunyulo lwempuluko: Delaware, Indiana, Missouria, Montana, New Hampre, North Dakota, North Dakota, Utah, iMeria, iWashington, neNtshona Virginia. Ngaphezu koko, amaphondo amabini . . . . . . . . . . . .555.S.S.C.C.5 ne-R Rico.ivotivey

Ixesha lonyulo lukarhulumente lingachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo umvoti kunye nemisebenzi yephulo. Unyulo olubanjwe kwiminyaka yobungameli lubona ukurhoxa okuphezulu kuba abavoti sele beqhutywa lugqatso lomongameli. Ngokuchasene noko, iintlanga zobucukubhedengu kwiminyaka engaphandle okanye iminyaka ekwiminqakathi lungatsala ingqalelo encinci, kodwa ivoti nganye ithwala ubunzima obuninzi emntwini ngamnye. Ukuqonda umjikelo kunceda abemi balindele xa ithuba labo elilandelayo lokuvota irhumela irhuluneli lizakwenzeka.

Iqonga: Unyulo Oluphambili

Phambi konyulo jikelele, iqela ngalinye eliphambili lezobupolitika linendawo ephambili yokunyulwa ukukhetha umtyunjwa walo. Amacala olwaphulo-mthetho axineneyo anqumla ibala labathathi-nxaxheba phakathi kweqela, eqinisekisa ukuba mnye kuphela umvotelwa kwiqela ngalinye oqhubela phambili kunyulo oluqhelekileyo. Noko ke, imithetho elawula amagumbi aphezulu ayahluka ngokubanzi ngokorhulumente.

Ii-Primetric eziValiweyo

Kwisiciko esiphambili, kuphela abavoti abangamalungu abhalisiweyo eqela lezobupolitika abanokuvota kwintloko yelo qela. Le nkqubo ithintela amalungu achaseneyo ukuba “anganqumli nga” ukuze aphembelele ukhetho lwabanye abantu. Malunga namazwe alishumi elinesihlanu asebenzisa iiprigrim ezivaliweyo kwimijaho ye-gubernator, kuquka iNew York, iFlorida, kunye neKentucky.

Vula Iindawo

Amaqumrhu avulekileyo avumela nabani na obhalisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungowaphi na umbutho, ukuba abe nenxaxheba kwilungu eliyintloko elinye, kodwa linye kuphela. Abaxhasi kufuneka bavakalise ekuhleni ukuba yeyiphi ibhola yeqela abanqwenela ukuyifumana. Kumazwe angamashumi amabini asebenzisa lo mzekelo, kuquka iMichigan, iGeorgia, neTexas. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukuvula amagumbi anokukhokelela ekuvotelweni ngokusemthethweni, apho abaxhasi beqela elinye beqela bazama ukuqhatha umxhasi obuthathaka kunabanye abaphi na.

Iibhariri eziphezulu-sibini nezoMphezulu-Mntla

Umazwe amaninzi, akhetheke kakhulu eKhalifoniya, eWashington, nase Alaska, asebenzisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo: umphezulu-2 okanye umphezulu-mane wesiqalo. Kulo mzekelo, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kuwo onke amaqela babonakala kumntu omnye oyintloko. Amaqela amabini aphezulu (okanye aphezulu kane) aqhubela phambili kunyulo jikelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuba badityaniswe namaqela. Oku kungaphumela kwiqela elinye elijongeneyo ngaphandle konyulo, olunciphisa impembelelo yesithathu yecandelo kodwa kwakhona kukhuthaza amaqonga athe-qonga athe-the qele ngakumbi.

Unyulo lokuqala ludla ngokuba lumgangatho omncinci wemicimbi, okuthetha ukuba abaxhasi abaphambili abazinikeleyo beqela elingumbutho kunye namaqela alungelelanisiweyo enza inzala angasiphembelela ngokungenakulinganiswa isiphumo. Ikampakatho yerhuluneli idla ngokuqala ngaphezu konyaka phambi kweyokuqala, njengoko abathathi-nxaxheba bekha igama kwaye benyusa imali.

ISigxina Sesibini: Iphulo Lokhetho

Xa kukhethwa abachongi beqela, iphulo lonyulo oluqhelekileyo liqala ngelinyanzelekileyo. Amaphulo onyulo oluqhelekileyo abiza imali eninzi, kunye neendleko ezifikelela kumashumi ezigidi zeerandi kumaphondo amakhulu. Umzekelo, irhuluneli yaseKhalifoniya engama 2022 yakhumbula unyulo yachitha imali engaphaya kwe $200-zigidi. Ama-Candidate anyusa imali kumntu ngamnye onikelayo, amaqela ezobupolitika, kunye neekomiti zezopolitiko (I-PAC). Amanye amazwe aneemali yemali kawonke-wonke elingana neminikelo encinane yemali karhulumente.

Imisebenzi yephulo iquka:

  • Izibhengezo zeMedia: Umabonwakude, unomathotholo, amanani, kunye nezibhengezo ezithe ngqo zeposi ziyindlela ephambili abanyulwa abafikelela ngayo kubavoti. Izibhengezo ezingalunganga zixhaphakile, ingakumbi kwimijaho yokhuphiswano.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ingxoxo ezinyuswe ngeTelefoni zivumela abavoti bathelekise abavoti ngqo kwimibandela enjengemfundo, unyango, izibonelelo, kunye nezoqoqosho.
  • umdlalo ojikelezayo: Icala lecango ukuya kwindlu yocango, ukubophelela iibhanki zomnxeba, kunye nemigudu yokuphuma ngaphandle kwesixhobo ibalulekile ekulungiseleleni abaxhasi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Izixhobo zokugcina ulwazi: Iinformation ezifana no X, Facebook, ne Istagram zisetyenziswa ukuqokelela, ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, nokufaka amavoti amatsha.

Ilixa lephulo lihlala phantse ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, kodwa kwamanye amazwe inganwela ngaphezu konyaka. Amatyala kufuneka aqhube imithetho yephulo lemali, ukucwangcisa ixesha, kunye neemfuno zokutyhila. IKhomishini yeNkqutyana yoPhuhliso ePhakamileyo inikela imigaqo yeminikelo karhulumente, kodwa imithetho yomgangatho karhulumente imiselwe libhodi nganye yonyulo okanye unobhala-rhulumente.

Icandelo Lesithathu: Unyulo Jikelele

Unyulo oluqhelekileyo lwerhuluneli luqhutywa ngoLwesibini lokuqala emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba, oludla ngokudityaniswa nezinye iintlanga zorhulumente norhulumente. Kumaphondo amaninzi, umvoti ofumana ubuninzi bevoti (amavoti amaninzi, hayi ngako oko amaninzi) uphumelele kunyulo. Noko ke, ambalwa amazwe afuna uninzi; ukuba akukho mvoteki ufikelela kuma-50% kunye, unyulo lugqitywa lunyulo olubalekayo okanye, kwezinye iimeko, yindlu yolawulo karhulumente.

Umzekelo, Louisiana usebenzisa “indlela engundoqo” apho bonke abatshayeli bavela kwivoti enye ngoNovemba. Ukuba akukho bani ufumana ngaphezu kwama-50%, abaphezulu babini abathe bafumana uqhutyelwa phambili ngoDisemba. Georgia ngokufanayo babamba umqhubi ukuba akukho mvo ufikelelayo kuninzi. URunoff utyekela ekuboneni nakwelisezantsi iqokobhe ngalinye, ukwenza ivoti nganye ibaluleke nangakumbi.

Ukuzitshiza ngokwako kungenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

  • Kwi-in-person ngomhla wokhetho: Indlela yesithethe, kunye nendawo zokuvota ezivulekileyo ukususela kusasa ukuya kutsho kurhatya.
  • [[UMHLA] wovoto lokuqala: Amazwe amaninzi avumela abavoti ukuba bafake iibhola zovote emntwini iintsuku okanye iiveki ezingaphambi koSuku lokhetho. Njengo 2024, amazwe angaphezu kwama-40 anika uhlobo oluthile lokuvota kwangoko.
  • Abhisee (in-mail) ukuvota: Abavongi bangacela ivoti bayibuyise ngeposi okanye ngebhokisi yokulahla. Imithetho yokurhoxa kovota iyahluka; amanye amaphondo afuna ingxengxezo (umz., ukuba ngaphandle kwedolophu), ngoxa amanye, njengoColorado, Oregon, noWashington, eqhuba zonke iinyulo ngokuyintloko ngeposi.

Abasebenzi kufuneka baqinisekise ixesha elichaziweyo lengingqi yabo kunye neendawo zokuvota nge[FLT: 0] iManyano eMithetho yoMazwana kaRhulumente (NAS) ingaba yi-Iivote? izibuko.[[FLT: 1]

Ukubonakalisa Ukuba Nobuchule Neemfuno

Ukuvota kunyulo lwequbhuernare, umntu kufuneka afikelele imilinganiselo esesikweni:

  • Yiba ngummi waseUnited States.
  • Ubuncinane ubuncinane uneminyaka eli - 18 ubudala ngeMini yoNnyulo okanye ngaphambi kwayo.
  • Yiba ngummi welizwe abavota kulo (imfuno yolawulo iyahluka; uninzi lwamazwe lufuna iintsuku ezingama - 30).
  • Bhalisa ukuba uvote ngenxa yommiselo karhulumente.

Imiqathango yobhaliso lwezicwangciso ingaba phambili ngeentsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo (umz. Texas, Alabama) okanye emva kwexesha njengoSuku Lokhetho (umz., Maine, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont, Georgia, ireyitis) ivumela ubhaliso olunye lwemini). Amanye amaphondo afuna I-ID [[FLT: 1] ukuphosbolot. Ezi zimfuno zisuka kwimithetho yefoto engqongqo (umz.g., Georgia, kwimithetho engeyo-ncam apho uxwebhu olungeyo-Fototo eyamkelekileyo. [[FLT]] [FFF]]

Enye into ebalulekileyo ngamalungelo okuvota [[FLT: 0]. Ilungelo lokuvotela abantu abaneenkolelo zetyala elidlulileyo lihlukile kakhulu ngokombuso. Amanye amatyala aphelisa ngokusisigxina abantu ngeengxelo zefelon, ngelixesha amanye abuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzekelayo xa kugqitywa isigwebo (kuquka isigwebo kunye nokuvavanywa). Urhulumente omninzi uvumela abantu ukuba bavavanywe okanye bavote. Lo msebenzi wesixa esinguwo ungachaphazela amakhulu amawaka eengxelo zomvoti kwingi yerhuluneli enye.

Unyulo Olukhethekileyo kunye noTshaliso oluphakathi

Ngamanye amaxesha irhuluneli ishiya isikhundla ngaphambi kokuba iphele ixesha layo. (ngokomzekelo, xa iRhuluneli Andrew Cuomo irhoxa eofisini. Kule meko, umgaqo-siseko wezwe ugunyazisa i-propati elandela i-propati okanye unobhala wezwe. Amazwe amaninzi afumana unyulo olukhethekileyo kumjikelo wonyulo olandelayo ukuze agcwalise intsalela yegama. Umzekelo, xa iRhuluneli u-Andrew Cuomo yarhoxa ku-201, okanye ukususwa kwe-ofisi. Kule meko, umgaqo-siseko wesizwe u-Garhenterverant uKathy Hochul waba yirhuluneli kwaye wakhonza ngaphandle kwegama eliseleyo; unyulo olukhethekileyo lwalungafuneka kuba uHochul wayesele unyulwa njengomphathi-mphathi-mphathi wephondo. Noko ke, ngoko, xa kusithiwa ukuba i-gadrepule-odrenti okanye indawo yolandelelwano loluhlu lwahlukeneyo, unyulo lubizwa ngokukhawuleza.

Olu nyulo lukhethekileyo lutsale ingqalelo ephawulekayo kuba lungatshintsha ulungelelwano lwezopolitiko lwe-oyile yombindi webhayisekile yelizwe, luchaphazela izigqibo zenkqubo kuqingqo-mali, imithetho yemipu, unyango, nezinye.

Imida Yexesha Nokuphumelela

Uninzi lwamazwe lumisela imida egama kwirhuluneli zawo. Owona mqathango uqhelekileyo ngumda wemiqathango emibini yeminyaka emine elandelelanayo, kodwa kukho iiyahluka-hluka. Amanye amazwe, njengoVirginia, ayalela irhuluneli ekukhonzeni imiyalelo elandelelanayo kodwa ivumela inkonzo engeyoyoyantshubela. Amanye amazwe, njenge New Hampshire neVermont, akanawo imida yexesha elimiselweyo kuwo onke (inkoneenkonzo ezimbini zeminyaka, hayi ezine). Ukuqonda imida ibalulekile kuba agqiba ukuba i-New Hampshire ne-Vermont, ayinawo amagqaban

Imithetho yempumelelo ibalulekile. Kumazwe amalunga namashumi amabini, irhuluneli nerhuluneli ibaleka njengethikithi, ngoko ke irhuluneli ithatha indima ukuba irhuluneli ayikwazi ukuncedisa. Kwamanye amazwe, irhuluneli yemikhosi inyulwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye isenokungabi yeqela elinye. Oku kunokukhokelela kutshintsho kulawulo lweqela phakathi kwixesha ngaphandle kokuvota konyulo.

Isizathu Sokuba Incoko Ibaluleke

Irhuluneli zinegunya eliphangaleleyo kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi babemi: zicebisa uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente, umqondiso okanye umthetho we-veto, zimisela abagwebi kunye nabalawuli bamasebe karhulumente, kwaye zinamandla okuxolela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngexesha lentlekele. "njengentlekele yemvelo, indyikitya, okanye isiphithiphithi-phithi-phithi-phithi-gorha" irhuluneli iba yeyona iphambili ekulawuleni oku. Ngenxa yokuba oorhulumente banembopheleleko ephambili yemfundo, yezothutho, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, kunye nolawulo lwempilo, ukhetho lwerhuluneli lungamela lungabumba imeko ethile kangangeminyaka ezayo.

Ukongezelela, unyulo lwequarnator luphembelela ubume bezobupolitika obukhulu. IiRhuluneli zisoloko zisebenza njengezitshixo ezingundoqo kubathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye umsebenzi wazo uchaphazela amandla eqela lesizwe. Ukubuyiselwa kwezihlalo zowiso-mthetho zowiso-mthetho kudla ngokusayinwa ngumthetho yirhuluneli, inika iofisi impembelelo ephawulekayo kumelo lwezobupolitika kangangeminyaka elishumi.

Ngaphandle kwezi zibonda ziphezulu, unyulo lwe-gabernar ludla ngokusezantsi kuneminyaka yobumongameli. Kunyulo lwe-2018 phakathi kwe-gubernar, olusuka kumgama omalunga nama-40% ukuya ku 60% luxhomekeke kurhulumente. Kwiminyaka yobumongameli, ukujika kungadlula kuma-70% kwamanye amazwe. Uvotelo ngalunye olungabalwanga lubonisa ithuba eliphoswe kukuphembelela inkqubo yorhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba inginginya ye-mpuluni igqitywe yimida engaphantsi kwe-1%, ivoti nganye inethuba elinokuchaphazeleka kwisiphumo.

Indlela Yokulungiselela Ukhetho Olulandelayo

  1. [[FLT: 0] Jonga ubume bobhaliso lwakho lovoti. Umazwe amaninzi avumela i Internet ukuba ingqinelwe. Ukuba ayibhaliswanga, yenza oko kakuhle phambi kommiselo wonyaka.
  2. Yazi umhla wokuqala nohlobo lwemeko yakho. Ukuba ubhalisiwe neqela, qinisekisa ukuba ungavota kwintloko yalo. Kumazwe avulekileyo aphambili, gqiba ukuba yeyiphi eyona ndawo iphambili ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba kuyo.
  3. uphando lwabathathi-nxaxheba. Jonga ngaphaya kophawulo lweqela. Thelekisa iindawo kwimibandela ozikhathaleleyo: irhafu, inkcitho, inkxaso-mali yemfundo, imiqathango yemekobume, namalungelo okuvota.
  4. [[UMTL: 0] Uzakuvota njani. Cwangcisa ukuba uvote kwangoko, ngeposi, okanye ngomntu. Cela ibhola engekhoyo ukuba iyimfuneko, kwaye phawula ixesha lokubuya.
  5. Zisa ulwahlulo olufunekayo. Ukuba urhulumente wakho unemithetho ye-ID yomvoti, qinisekisa ukuba unohlobo olwamkelekileyo lwe-ID. Amanye amazwe amkela ii-ID zabafundi okanye iindleko ze-unity; amanye afuna ilayisensi yomqhubi okanye ipasis karhulumente.
  6. [[FLT: 0] phakamisa lonke ibhola. Iintlanga ze-Gubernator zisoloko zivela ngakwicala lokhuphiswano olubalulekileyo lwerhuluneli, igqwetha jikelele, indlu yowiso-mthetho, kunye nee-ofisi zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye nemilinganiselo yokukhetha.

Ulwazi oluninzi oluziinkcukacha ezingenkqubo zonyulo olukhethekileyo lukarhulumente wakho, tyelela igosa USUSA.gov nokhetho iphepha okanye qhagamshelana nebhodi yakho yonyulo.

Unyulo olukwindawo ephambili lusisiseko sedemokhrasi yombuso waseMerika. Ngokuyiqonda inkqubo(iicandelwana), iphulo elinamandla, iindlela zokuvota, kunye nokuphumelela (ukungalingani) nokusetyenziswa kwenani elipheleleyo kungenza ukhetho olunolwazi nokusebenzisa ubuchule babo ngokunempumelelo. Kwixa elizayo ujongile ukunyusela irhuluneli, uza kwazi kakuhle ukuba inkqubo isebenza njani na nokuba kutheni uthabatha imicimbi emininzi kunanini na ngaphambili.