Ukuqonda Ikholeji Ye - Elctoral Namandla Omsebenzi Wakho

IElectoral College yinkqubo yomgaqo-siseko i-United States eyisebenzisayo ukunyulela umongameli wayo kunye nesekela lomongameli. Kunokuba le nkqubo isetyenziswe yivoti ecacileyo, ixhomekeke kwiqumrhu labanyuli abafaka izicelo ezisemthethweni ezigqiba ukuba uphumelele. Abavoti abaninzi, le nkqubo isenokuziva imfiliba, ukanti ukuqonda indlela i-Electoral College esebenza ngayo ukuze babone ukuba ivote yakho inegalelo njani kwisiphumo somhlaba. Eli nqaku lichaza inkqubo ngobunzulu, lihlolisisa iingcambulo zayo ezingokwembali, ihlola iziphumo zayo eziluncedo kuvoti nophulo lwezaphulo, kwaye lihlola ingxoxo eqhubekayo ngendawo yayo kwidemokhrasi yale mihla.

Indlela Ikholeji Ye - Electoral Esebenza Ngayo

Kuwona mgangatho wayo osisiseko, iElectoral College liqela labanyuli abangama-538 abasasazeke phakathi kwamaphondo angama-50 kunye neSithili saseColumbia. Urhulumente ngamnye ufumana inani labanyuli elilingana nomelo lwawo olupheleleyo kwiBhunga: ilungu ngalinye leNdlu yabameli, kunye nezibini kubaququ zayo. I-Frigi yaseColumbia ifumana abanyuli abathathu phantsi koMphengululo wama-23, nangona ingenalo umelo lokuvota kwiBhunga.

Xa ufaka ivoti yakho kumongameli ngoNovemba, awuvoteli ngqo umvoti. Endaweni yoko, uvota ngesisoti sabanyuli abathe babhaptiza ukuxhasa loo mvoti. Aba banyuli bakhethwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngamaqela ezobupolitika ngexesha lendibano okanye ngeekomiti zeqela. Kumaphondo amaninzi, umvoti ophumeleleyo othandwayo ngoMhla woLunyulo ufumana yonke imivoti yorhulumente. Oku kwaziwa njengomvuseli-onke inkqubo. Ngamaqela amabini kuphela, ```Maine' ne Nebraska'' sebenzisa indlela yolungelelanisa, ukuvota okuko enye ephumeleleyo kwingi yombutho nganye yengi yengi yengingqi nakwesibini kwivoti yelizwe elibanzi.

Emva kokuba ivoti edumileyo ibhalisiwe kumgangatho wesizwe, abavoti badibana kumakomkhulu abo esizwe kuqala ngoLwesibini emva koLwesithathu lwesibini ngoDisemba. Apho, baphosa amavoti ahlukeneyo kamongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli. La mavoti agunyazisiweyo athunyelwa kumongameli weCanternal .) umongameli waseUnited States . Ngumongameli olawula intlanganiso yeKhomishoni edityanisiweyo ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Ebudeni bentlanganiso, ivoti yovoti yovoti iyaba, kwaye i-voti yovoti efikelela kuma-270 evoti evoti evoti iyavakaliswa ukuba aphumelele. Oku kubalwa kunyathelo lokugqibela phambi komphathi-o mongameli we-compatel.

Ngeli xesha inkoliso yabanyuli ivota njengoko ithembise, "abavoti abangakholwa" ngamanye amaxesha bavote umvoti owahlukileyo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ixhase ukuba iimeko zingafuna abanyuli ukuba balandele izibambiso zabo, kwaye amazwe amaninzi anemithetho yokunyanzelisa oku. Le nkqubo ilawulwa yizo zombini umGaqo-siseko kunye neElectoral Countment Count Reformation Act ka-20222 ecacisa amasiko asetyenziswa xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokubala.

Imvelaphi yomGaqo-siseko nenjongo

IElectoral College yasungulwa kwiNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko yowe-1787 njengolwahlulelwano phakathi kwabo babefuna ukuba iNgqungquthela inyule umongameli nabo babekhetha ivoti ecacileyo. Abalawuli babexhalabele ukunikela amandla angaphezulu kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ephakathi okanye kumnyulwa ongafundanga. Kwakhona bajamelana nocelomngeni olusebenzisekayo: unxibelelwano oluphakathi kwelizwe elitsha lonke lwalucotha, kwaye ukunyaniseka kwengiselwanohlanga lungaluthob'a.

Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukulungelelanisa impembelelo yamazwe amakhulu namancinane. Ngokudibanisa abanyuli abasekelwe kwindlu edityanisiweyo kunye nomelo lwendlu yendlu kunye nomelo lweNdlu yemikhosi, amaphondo amancinci afumana isabelo esincinane kakhulu samandla anxulumene nabemi bawo. Esi sakhiwo sasiyinxalenye yeseti enkulu yolwahlulelo eyayithetha ubukhoboka kunye nokumelwe. Ngelixesha isithathu se-Fiffth siyekelela sanika amaphondo ongezelelweyo kumelo kwiNdlukwano / kwaye ngoko ke ongezelelweyongezeleko lwevoti yovoti yonyulo-$* ngokubala abantu abakhotyo bangamakhoboka abathathu abaphakathi komntu, elo lungiselelo lanikezelwa ngoMgunyazo we-14 emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya.

Namhlanje, iElectoral College iseyinxalenye enzulu yonyulo lomongameli, oluqhubeka lubumba amaqhinga ephulo, indlela yokuziphatha yabavoti, nokuqiqa ukuba unyulo lufanelekile.

Impembelelo yeElectoral College kwiSikolo Sakho

I-Electoral College ngokusisiseko ichaphazela indlela ozibamba ngayo izivotelo zakho. Phantsi kwenkqubo ethandwayo yovota, ivoti nganye ingabala ngokulinganayo kwisizwe siphela. Phantsi kwesixokelelwano sangoku, nokokuba, ivoti yakho isebenzisa impembelelo yayo enkulu kumgangatho wesizwe. Kwindawo ephumeleleyo- wonke, uvota yakho inceda ukugqiba ukuba ngowuphi umvoti ofumana konke oko kuvota kukarhulumente. Ukuba uhlala kumazwe azimeleyo kuxhomekeke kwiqela elinye, ivoti yakho ingaba nempembelelo encinane kwiziphumo zesizwe ngenxa yokuba ivoti yovoti karhulumente ichazwe ngokufezekile. Ngokuko, ukuba uhlala kwimo yovoti yakho apho ingekho mngeni.

Oku kunamandla kuye kwakhokelela ekugxininiseni kumaphondo ajolise ekusetyenzisweni kwempetho, ukutyelelwa, kunye nokukhutshwa kwengxelo. Iinqanawa ezikwimimandla yedabi njengePennsylvania, Wisconsin, Michigan, Arizona, Georgia, ne Nevada zifumana ingqalelo eninzi kumaphulo kunalawo avoti kumazwe akhuselekileyo njengeKhalifoniya okanye iTexas. Oku kungadala umahluko kwintsebenziswano yezopolitiko kunye nokusabela kwemigaqo.

Kwisibini sonyulo lomongameli okokugqibela oluthandathu, ``2000' no-2016' ophumelele kwivoti ethandwayo kulo lonke ilizwe yaphulukana novoti ye-Electoral College. Oku kubangele ingxubusho enzulu ngokufaneleka nokusesikweni kwenkqubo. Kuvoteli kwiqaqobana elizweni lonke ababexhasa umvuzo odumileyo wovoti, le nkqubo isenokudima. Kubantu abavoti abangene kwisiphumo seElectoral College, inkqubo isenokubonakala ikhusela ekucinezeleni kwenkoliso yoonke kwaye bagcine umlinganiselo wolawulo.

Imicimbi yakho yokuvota yahlukile phantsi kwe-Electoral College. Ibalulekile kakhulu xa uyinxalenye yeqela elifumana amavoti karhulumente wakho, kwaye ibalulekile ingakumbi ukuba uhlala kwimeko yokhuphiswano. Kwanakumazwe akhuselekileyo, ukurhoxa kungabumba ugqatso lweqela lemilo-bala kunye nophawu lokuzibophelela kwezobupolitika, kodwa indlela engqalileyo ukuya kumongameli ihamba kumazwe ajingajinga.

Iimpikiswano Zezemali Nezokuchaswa Kwekoleji YeElectoral

Iimpikiswano Ezintle

Abaxhasi be-Electoral College baphikisa ngelithi ikhusela izilangazelelo zamaphondo amancinci nangenabemi baninzi. Ngaphandle kwawo, abathathi-nxaxheba banokuqwalasela kuphela kwiindawo ezinkulu zasedolophini, bangazihoyi iindawo zasemaphandleni kunye namaphondo amancinane. Le nkqubo ikhuthaza abavumi ukuba bakhe imibutho emibanzi kunokuba bafake amavoti kwimimandla embalwa. Ngaphezu koko, abaxhasi bathi iElectoral College inika uzinzo ngokuqinisa inkqubo yecandelo lenqanawa elibini kwaye iyenze kube nzima kubathathi abafuni bophumelele. Umnyango ocacileyo wamavoti angama-270 unceda ekuthinteleni unyulo olukhoyo kwaye ukuphumeza iimeko ezinokuthi zivele kwiinkqubo ezininzi.

Enye impikiswano yeyokuba iElectoral College inempembelelo yonyulo olusondeleyo ngokumisela iingxubusho kumazwe ngamanye. Iingxoxo kunye neengxaki zomthetho, xa zisenzeka, zivalelwe kumazwe ambalwa aneziphumo eziphikiswayo, kunokuba zifune ukuba kubekho ingxelo yesizwe. Unyulo lwangowama 2000 eFlorida ngumzekelo obalaseleyo: impikiswano yayiqulathwe kurhulumente omnye, yaye iNkundla ePhakamileyo ekugqibeleni yawucombulula lo mba. Phantsi kwenkqubo ethandwayo yesizwe, unyulo olusondeleyo lungabangela ukuchazwa kwimimandla yonke yelizwe lonke, kudala isiphithiphithi-mfashoni.

Iimpikiswano Ezichaseneyo

Abagxeki bathi iElectoral College yaphula umgaqo wedemokhrasi womntu omnye, ivoti enye. Ubunzima bevoti nganye buyahluka ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwamazwe. Umzekelo, umvoti eWyoming, onevoti ezintathu ezivotelwa abantu abamalunga nama-580 000, inamandla aphantse abe kane ovoti yomvoti eKhalifoniya, enamavoti angama-59 ezigidi. Oku kuthe ukulingana kuthetha ukuba uvoti kumazwe angamiyo kakhulu anempembelelo ephindaphindiweyo ngenxa yeziphumo.

Abachongi bakwakhomba kunokwenzeka kokuba umvotelwa aphumelele umongameli ngeli xesha ephulukana novoti ethandwayo, athi ithoba umlinganiselo ocingelwayo womvuzo kwaye ingqubanisa uthembo lukawonke-wonke kwinkqubo yokukhetha. Umvuzo- wonke ulwabeko kumazwe amaninzi ludala ulwandiso apho abathathi-nxaxheba bangangazihoyi ngokukhuselekileyo ii-devies ezinkulu zelizwe. Ngonyaka ka-2016, umzekelo, ii-3 ezimbini zazo zonke iziganeko zephulo kunyulo zibekwe kumaphondo amathandathu nje. Oku kungashiya ivoti kumazwe angahambisangangeni mdlalwano-mvo wokunga.

Ekugqibeleni, abagxeki baphawula ukuba iElectoral College inganceda ukucinezelwa kwevoti ngokuzikisa amandla kumazwe ngemithetho yokuvota engqongqo. Amazwe okutsala aba ngamaxhoba emfazwe esemthethweni kwiimfuno ze-ID yomvoti, ukuhlambulula iiroli, neminye imiba yokufikelela, kuba ukuguquka okuncinci kokujika kwelizwe kungaguqula iziphumo zohlanga.

Indima Yokutsala Amazwe Kunyulo lobuNkulumbuso

Iimeko zokutsala `````zibizwa ngokuba yidabigrp' okanye amanqaku amfusa''''. Zizo ezo zithi zimele ukuba zisondele kwaye naziphi na ezingundoqo ezifuna ukuphumelela. La mazwana atsala uninzi lwezibhengezo zephulo, utyelelo olujoliswe kulo, kunye nemigudu yokufumana imvume yokufumana imvume.

Imaphu yeKholeji ye-Electoral iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko amanani namalungu ezobupolitika etshintsha. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo, amaphondo afana ne Colorado ne Virginia aye asuka kwimeko yedabi aye kwiDemocratic, lo gama amazwe anjenge Ohio ne Iowa ejikelezwe ngomphambili emva kokukhuphisana kakhulu iminyaka. Idabi langoku liquka amaphondo e Rust Belt eMichigan, Pennsylvania, neWisconsian; amaphondo eSun Belt e-Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, naseMntla Carolina; kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-Minnesota ne New Hampreshi.

Le nto ijolise kwinani elilinganiselweyo lemiqathango yemithetho enzulu. Abathathi-nxaxheba basoloko belungisa iqonga labo ukubhenela kwimiba yokujinga-jinga-jinga-mgaqo, umba ophambili ofana nokwenza i-"Rust Belt, amalungelo amanzi e-Southwest, kunye nokufumaneka kwemali yokuhlala eNevada. I-Voters kumazwe akhuselekileyo. "iii-blue okanye red" ifumana inkxalabo yabo ibhalwe ngokuthe ngqo kuba ivoti yabo sele itshixiwe.

Kumazwe ajinga-jingayo, iElectoral College ikhupha ilizwi labo. Ivoti enye kumbuso owahluleleneyo ingaphembelela abathathi-nxaxheba abafumana zonke iivoti zikarhulumente. Yiyo le nto amaphulo engenisa imali eninzi kangaka kula mazwe, kwaye kutheni umvoti ezama ukujika kwaye ulungelelanisa iingca zinkulu kakhulu apho.

Izicelo zoTshintsho neSivumelwano seSizwe esiPhambili soMbutho weSizwe

Kuba ukuphelisa iElectoral College kufuna ulungiso-mthetho-siseko, olufuna ivoti yesithathu kwizindlu zombini zeBhunga kunye nokwahlulwa kwee-athom ezintathu-ne zamazwe.

Olunye ulwahlulo oluphambili yiNational Popular Vote Interstate Company (NPVIC). Le yisivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe anenxaxheba kuwo onke amavoti awo avoti abavoti abachongi abaphumeleleyo kwivoti ethandwayo yesizwe, kungakhathaliseki isiphumo kwilizwe labo. Umanyano lungathatha kuphela isiphumo xa amazwana amele ubuncinane ama-270 amavoti abavoti abandakanye. Njengama-2024, amavoti angama-209 agunyazi. Ukuba umqobo ufikelwe, umvumi wevoti yodumo lwesizwe uzakufumana ngokuzenzekelayo i-Elctoral College, ephumelela ngokufezekileyo ivoti yesizwe ethandwayo ngaphandle komgunya-mgunya-mthetho.

Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi i-NPVIC ingaphelisa ukuphumelela komvotelwa ekuphumeleleni umongameli ngaphandle kovoti ethandwayo, iqinisekise ubunzima obulinganayo kuyo yonke ivoti ezweni lonke, kwaye yenza amaphulo akhuphisana kuwo onke amazwe angama-50. Abachasi baphikisa ngokuthi ukudityaniswa kuya kuwuphazamisa umoya wenkqubo yorhulumente, kungajamelana neengxaki ezisemthethweni, kwaye kusenokuba sengozini kumadabi ezobupolitika akwiqondo eliphezulu ukuba urhulumente ufuna ukurhoxa. Umanyano alukhange luvavanywe enkundleni, kwaye ukubekwa kwalo siseko kuhlala kungumbandela wengxoxo phakathi kwabaphengululi bomthetho.

Ezinye izindululo zotshintsho ziquka ukuvota okuququzelelwayo ngesithili sombutho, njengoko iMaine neNebraska zisenza; ukuzalisekisa inkqubo edityanisiweyo yemivuzo; okanye ukwandisa inani labanyuli ukubonakalisa utshintsho olungcono lwabemi. Kumgangatho wengingqi karhulumente, amalungu eKholiji azise iziphelo zomGaqo-siseko ukuphelisa iElectoral College, kodwa akukho nanye esele isondele ukudlula.

Oko Kuthethwa Kuko Oku Ngokhetho Lwexesha Elizayo

I-Electoral College iza kuqhubeka ibumba unyulo lomongameli ukwenzela ikamva elinokubonwa kwangaphambili. Iinguqu zexesha elizayo eziquka ukwanda kwabemi eMzantsi naseNtshona, zitshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe imaphu yabakhethi. Amazwe afana neTexas neFlorida afumana izihlalo zokuvota okuqulunqwe yi-computer kuRuter Belt kunye ne-Northast zilahleka. Oku kungaguqula ukuba ngawaphi amaphondo athathwa njengendawo yemfazwe ekwiminyaka engamashumi ezayo.

Ukuganana kwevoter kwiElectoral College kuhlala kusenzima. Kumazwe ajinga-jingayo, kwanakutshintshana okuncinci kuzakugqiba iziphumo. Kumaphondo akhuselekileyo, abavoti bangaba nempembelelo enamandla kwimiba yeqonga leBhunga, lendlu, indlu, indlu yowiso-mthetho, kunye nee-ofisi zasekuhlaleni, kwakunye nenzame zokulwa. Ukuqonda i-Electoral College kunceda abavoti basebenzise iqhinga lephulo: isizathu sokuba abafuni betyelele iindawo ezithile, isizathu sokuba bagxininise imiba ethile, nesizathu sokuba amanye amagunya afumane ingqalelo encinane.

Kuvoti abafuna ilizwi labo libe nempembelelo ephezulu, bahlale benolwazi ngemeko karhulumente wabo, --ukukhuphisana okanye ukukhusela/ukuvota kuzo zonke iinyulo kuyindlela engqalileyo yokuthatha inxaxheba. Le nkqubo intsonkothile, kodwa ihlala iyinkqubo apho idemokhrasi yedemokhrasi yehlabathi endala ikhetha inkokeli yayo.

Iinyaniso Ezibalulekileyo Ngekholeji Ye - Electoral

  • Kukho abanyuli abangama - 538 bebonke, abahambelana namalungu eNdlu yendlu angama - 435, ii-senator ezili - 100, kunye nabanyuli abathathu beSithili saseColumbia.
  • Umvoteli kufuneka abe ngu 270 ovotiweyo ukuphumelela umongameli.
  • Kumazwe amaninzi, amagama abo afumaneka kwibhokisi yokubhala esecaleni komlandeli womongameli.
  • Amazwe angama-48 kunye neSithili saseColumbia sisebenzisa inkqubo efumana impumelelo kuzo zonke iibhaso zovoti. IMaine neNebraska zisebenzisa indlela yesithili sombutho.
  • Le nkqubo ichazwe kumGaqo-siseko waseUnited States, ngokukodwa kwiGatya II, kwiCandelo 1, iCandelo le - 12 Lohlaziyo, kunye noMphetho wama - 23.
  • IElectoral Count Reform Act yomthetho ohlaziyiweyo wama-2022 wokubala iivoti ezikhethiweyo, icacisa indima yesekela lomongameli kunye nokuphakamisa umqobo wokuchasa ukuvota kwamagumbi omabini eBhunga.
  • Abanyuli abangenalukholo `abo bavota ngokuchasene nesifungo sabo' banqabile, kwaye iNkundla ePhakamileyo ixhase amalungelo karhulumente okunyanzelisa izifungo nokubohlwaya abo baphambukileyo.
  • IElectoral College ibingumbandela wezilungiso zomGaqo-siseko ezicetyiswayo ezingaphezu kwama - 700 kwiBhunga, ngaphezu kwawo nawuphi na omnye umxholo, ukanti akukho namnye oye wadlula.
  • Kwisibini sonyulo lokugqibela (2000 kunye no2016), umnqobi weElectoral College akazange aphumelele kwivoti ethandwayo yesizwe.
  • Le nkqubo yayiyilwe ngokwenxenye njengolwahlulelwano phakathi kwamazwana amakhulu nanamancinane kwiNdibano yezomGaqo-siseko yonyaka wewaka linamakhulu asixhenxe anamashumi asixhenxe anesixhenxe anesixhenxe nangnye inxenye njengovavanyo kulawulo-melo oluthe ngqo.

Isiphumo: Indlela Ozihlaziya Ngayo Ngenkqubo

I-Electoral College ihlala ingomnye wezona mpawu ziphikisanayo zedemokhrasi yaseMelika. Ifaka impembelelo yabavoti kumaphondo ajingayo, inika amazwana amancinci amandla amakhulu olwahlulo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka bakhe iminqophiso emininzi yomhlaba. Kodwa ikwadala umahluko kumandla okuvota, ivumela ukuba ukuvota okuthandwayo okungaphumeleli ukuphumelela kwedemokhrasi, kunye nemijelo yephulo kumgangatho omxinwayo weda.

Kumntu ngamnye ovotayo, inkqubo ithetha ukuba impembelelo yevoti yakho ixhomekeke ngokwenxenye kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Oko akukwenzi uvoti yakho ingabe nantsingiselo; kuthetha ukuba ukhetho lwakho lusebenza kwisakhiwo solawulo lwelizwe esigqunywe ngomaleko. Ukuqonda indlela iElectoral College esebenza ngayo kukunceda ubone apho uvota kwakho kufanelekile khona, kutheni amaphulo eziphatha ngendlela ayenzayo, kwaye kutheni iinguqu zingayitshintsha inkqubo. Nokuba inkqubo yangoku iyaqhubeka okanye iyaguquka, isenzo esingundoqo sokuvota sihlala sisesona scebisi sokuthatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi.

Ukufunda okungakumbi, jonga ugcino-lwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe ugcino lwempumezo ye-Electoral College , funda iziko lohlalutyo lwezindululo zezicelo zenkqubo zenguquko, kwaye khangela iNgqungquthela yesizwe yeLegislature yemithetho yesizwe. [.