Indlela abalawuli beLizwe abanokuyilungisa ngayo indalo phakathi kwama-Ecosystem abo

Imeko-bume yokuzihlaziya zisisiseko senkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho kunye nolawulo lwezobugcisa. Kulawulo lwelizwe oluphezulu , oonobhala benkqubela yezoqoqosho, neenkokeli zemithetho-siseko (ngokwakha nokugcina ezi zixhobo zendalo zingenye yezixhaso eziphezulu ezikhoyo ukuqhuba indalo, ukutsala umgangatho wobomi kubemi. Ukuphuhliswa kwendalo kungaphezulu kuneqela lesiqalo; luthungelwano olunamandla lweyunivesithi, amaziko ophando, oomatshini bolawulo, abacebisi, kunye nabasebenzi abanobuchule abavelisa indalo, ukucoca, nokuthengisa iingcamango ezintsha. Xa olu thungelwano lusebenza kakuhle, luvelisa umjikelo olungileyo wolwazi lwendalo, italente, kunye norhwebo olunokugquma kwemeko yezoqoqosho olusuka kwimizi ye-oknkile kunye neendawo ezinde.

Ucelomngeni lwabalawuli bamazwe kukuba indalo ephuculiweyo ayinakuyalelwa ukusuka phezulu ezantsi, kodwa inokwenziwa ngabom. Iinkokeli ezinempumelelo zidala iimeko ezinciphisa imiqobo ekulingweni, ekufumaneni intlawulo, kwaye zinxulumane nabadlali abazohlukeneyo abanokuthi ngenye indlela bangasebenzisani. Oku kufuna intlupheko yemigaqo-nkqubo yentelekelelo, ugcino-mali lwezibonelelo, nokuqonda okunzulu kwezinto ezikhethekileyo kunye nezithuba kuqoqosho lwazo. Ngasezantsi, sihlolisisa amaziko ezinto ezichuliweyo ezichuliweyo kunye nezenzo ezithile zequmrhu lorhulumente elilawula indalo nezoshishino zelizwe ezinokuthatha enye.

Ukuqonda Iinkqubo zendalo ezihlaziyayo

Imeko-bume entle yinkqubo entsonkothileyo elungisa izinto ezibunjwe ngabantu abaninzi abasebenzisanayo ukuguqula ulwazi lube yimveliso, iinkonzo neenkqubo ezinokuthengiswa.

  • uphando lwe Institutions – Universities, iilabhu, kunye namaziko ophando azimeleyo avelisa izinto ezisisiseko ezifunyenweyo kwaye anika umbhobho wetalente efundileyo.
  • Iipreneurs kunye neziqalisi[[FL:1] - iprojekthi zangaphambili ezithatha ubungozi urhwebo lobugcisa obutsha, ngokufuthi ezisebenza njengezona zivavanyo ezikhawulezayo zolwakhiwo.
  • IiMaqumrhu eziBanzi – iifemu ezixhobisa ikomkhulu, amatyathanga anika intsalela, iinethwekhi, kunye nemfuno yemarike; zikwanqanda iprojekthi ezintsha zize zifumane isiqalo.
  • [ Ookhokho-maxesha – Abangenisi-Mass, amashishini athengisa ikomkhulu, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino lwenkampani ezinika inkxaso efunekayo yokulinganisa iingcamango ukusuka kumzekelo ukuya kulwamkelo oluninzi
  • [[Umthetho:0] Umthetho kunye noMenzi-nkqubo – Amaziko amisela imithetho yomdlalo ngomthetho wempahla yenkcubeko, izikhuthazo zerhafu, imigaqo-nkqubo yokufumana, kunye nenkxaso-mali engqalileyo ye-R&D.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Intlangano ze-Support – izinqumlisi, izinqumlisi, izithuba ezisebenza kunye, iifemm-mthetho kunye nengxelo zobuchule kwi-IP, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lwabaqeshwa.

Ezi zigalelo azisebenzi ngokuzikhetha; ixabiso lazo livela kunxibelelwano nothotho lolwazi, ikomkhulu, kunye netalente. Imekobume emandla ibonisa imigangatho ephezulu yokuthemba, ukuhamba kwabasebenzi phakathi kwamacandelo, nokunyamezela ukungaphumeleli okukhuthaza ushishino oluthe kratya. Abalawuli belizwe kufuneka bazicinge ukuba abakhi bezinto eziphilayo, kodwa njengabalimi abathena, amanzi, baze bachumise imekobume ukuze iprojekthi ikhule ngendlela ephilayo.

Izabelo ezingundoqo zabaLawuli bakaRhulumente

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zimele iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo abalawuli bakarhulumente abanokuziqhelanisa nomongo wabo. Akukho cebo linye laneleyo; kunoko, icebo elikwizenzo ezilungelelanisiweyo liyafuneka ukwenza umjikelo wokuzihlaziya.

1. Hlakulela amagosa

Inkqubo yesona sixhobo siphambili sithe ngqo sesixhobo sokulawula ulawulo kufuneka sibumbe imeko-bume ephuculiweyo. Imigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo inciphisa ukhuhlano lolawulo, inyusa utyalo-mali lwe-R&D, kwaye ikhusela impahla yomntu okrelekrele ngexa usavumela amandla okhuphiswano. Izenzo zenkqubo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[NTLA:0] AMAtyala erhafu e-R&D – ityala elinokuhlawulwa okanye elidluliselwayo kwinkcitho zophando, ingakumbi kushishino oluncinci noluphakathi olusenokungabi natyala lerhafu. Ama-United States angamisela iityala emva kwetyala lerhafu likarhulumente le-R&D kodwa azenze zifikeleleke ngakumbi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imithetho yokuqalisa ii-Sandboxs - Yenza iziphakamisi zokwexeshana ezivela kwimimiselo ethile ukwenzela iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zobugcisa bempilo, kunye namandla. Oku kuvumela ukuqala ukuvavanya iingcamango zencwadi ngaphandle kokujongana neendleko ezinzima zokuthobela.
  • Ifomati Yoshishino edityanisiweyo - Nciphisa ixesha nendleko ukubhalisa ishishini, ukufumana imvume, kunye nerhafu yefayile kwi-intanethi. Impumelelo kaDelaware njengekhaya lenkampani ibonisa amandla okusingqongileyo okungakhuphi mbeki komthetho.
  • Izinto ezikhethekayo – Seka bucala ipesenti yezivumelwano zikarhulumente ukwenzela amashishini amancinane amatsha okanye amaqali. Oku kunika ingeniso yamandulo enokuqinisekisa ubugcisa obutsha kwaye inciphise ukuxhomekeka kwishishini elikhulu.
  • Umgangatho wobuGcisa obuPhakamisayo weMandla – Ukubophelela ubunikazi be-IP obenziweyo usebenzisa urhulumente unika imali okanye kwiiyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke. Ukubonakala gca kweIP kukhuthaza abaphengululi ukuba bafumane urhwebo.

Imithetho-nkqubo kufuneka ivavanywe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala befanelekile kwaye ababanjwa zizinto ezithintela ukuphazamiseka. Abalawuli belizwe kufuneka balungelelane namazwana angommelwane ukunqanda “ugqatso ukuya ezantsi” kwizihlomelo zerhafu, endaweni yokubeka ingqalelo ekuveliseni imeko-bume exhasayo ukwenzela izinto ezintsha zexesha elide.

2. Zifakele Kwizinto Ezisemzimbeni Nakumanani

Ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezintsha kufuna izibonelelo ezisisiseko ezinceda umanyano nokukhawuleza koncedo. Ngeli xesha izinto eziluncedo ezingundoqo nezithuthi zizibonda zetafile, i-ecumetions zale mihla zixhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethekileyo:

  • Unikezelo lwangaphandle lwe-Bbandink -i-Internet enepesenti ephezulu yimibhobho yezoqoqosho lwamanani. Amazwe kufuneka acwangcise ibhanti elibanzi jikelele, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nangaphantsi kwenkonzo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba italente kunye neenkampani zingathatha inxaxheba naphi na.
  • Ipaki zezentengiso kunye neMigaqo-siseko yeNkqutyana – amaziko ophando anxulumeneyo, iielebhu, amatshatshati, amangingqi e-R&D ahambayo, izimidi ezikhuselweyo. Imizekelo ephumelelayo iquka i-Pyglestic Patricy neKendall Square yase Boston.
  • Uphando oluCazululweyo – i-investice kwimigoqo-"efana namagumbi okucoca, ii genomic resotory, kunye neekhothareji zecomputing eziphezulu , ezo isiqalo ngasinye sasingenako ukufikelela. Ukufumaneka ngesiseko somrhumo sihlisa ngokuphawulekayo umqobo wekomkhulu kwimveliso enzulu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Udibaniso loqhagamshelwano lorhwebo - - Qinisekisa ukuba izikhundla zokusungula zidityaniswe kakuhle kwizikhululo zenqwelo moya, kwisiporo, kunye nohola wendlela ukwenzela ukunceda umanyano lwentsebenziswano kunye nokuhamba kwezinto nabantu.

Utyalo-mali olunemiqathango efuna ukuzinikela okude kwexesha elide kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibutho. Abalawuli belizwe bangasebenzisa ukudityaniswa kweembopheleleko jikelele, amaqabane kawonke-wonke, kunye nezibonelelo zorhulumente (ezinjengalawo asuka kuLawulo loPhuhliso-Manyano loMsebenzi) ukuxhasa iiprojekthi.

3. Uphuhliso lweThalenti

Imekobume entle yobomi yomelele njengequla layo elinobuchule. Abalawuli bephondo kufuneka bafake imali kwinani nakumgangatho wabasebenzi abanobuchule, abasuka kumagcisa ukuya kuphandi be-PD.

  • IiNkqubo ze-Pipeline – Inkxaso yemfundo yekhomputha ye-K-12 yenzululwazi yekhompyutha, ii-compybootacmamps, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu kwinkqubela phambili yokwenziwa kweprojekthi, i-biotechnology, kunye nophuhliso lwe-software. Ukuchanabeka kwasekuqaleni kwimisebenzi ye-STEM kungabangela umdla kushishino.
  • I-University-Instruction sharts – iNgxowa-mali yeNkxaso kunye neenkqubo zoshishino ezibeka abafundi kwiinkampani ezihlaziyayo. Imodeli yentsebenziswano yemfundo yeGeorgia Tech inguphawu lwesizwe lwebhenji.
  • Ukuzinza kunye nokuzibophelela kumbuso – Ukuboleka intelekelelo, ukuphinda kubekwe iibhonasi, okanye ulwaphuko lwerhafu kubaphumeleleyo kwimimandla ephezulu (umz., amandla acocekileyo, inzululwazi yobomi) abahlala kurhulumente emva kokuphumelela. Amazwe amaninzi abonile impumelelo ngempumelelo "inzuzo" iinkqubo zexhoba elingaphandle kwetalente yolwimi.
  • Ukubulala nokubulala -Xa imveliso iguquka, abasebenzi kufuneka baqhubeke kwimfundo. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezilungiselelwe ngurhulumente, ngokufuthi ekusebenzisaneni neekholeji nabaqeshi, zingabaqeqesha abasebenzi abafudusiweyo ngenxa yemisebenzi ekhulayo kwicandelo.

Iqhinga likarhulumente kufuneka lidlulele ngaphaya kwemfundo yangaphakathi ukuze liquke imfundo ehlala ihleli kunye nomtsalane wesiphiwo sehlabathi lonke. Xa kuqwalaselwa ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi lonke lwabavelisi, abalawuli bakarhulumente kufuneka bakhuthaze imigaqo-nkqubo echuliweyo yokufuduka kwaye bavelise iindawo zokwamkela oosomashishini nabaphandi abavela kwamanye amazwe.

4. Ukubonelela ngemali

Ukufikelela kwikomkhulu linguwona gazi uphambili wophuhliso. Ngeli xesha ikomkhulu leshishini lobuqu lisebenza kwimimandla embalwa, imimandla emininzi ibandezeleka ngamakhefu abangela ukuba iingcinga ezinika ithemba zingalingani. Abalawuli belizwe bangathetha ngale nto nge:

  • Imali enkulu yeSizwe yeVenture - Yenza izimali eziluhlaza ezizirhoxa ngqo kwisiqalo sangaphambili seqonga, mhlawumbi njengesithuthi esisithuthi esitsha okanye njengemali exhasa iifektha zentengiso zasekuhlaleni. Imali yemali yemali yemali ne 21 yeminyaka yophando ye-Indiana ne-technoloji yimizekelo ephawulekayo.
  • Ukuthelekisa iiGrant kunye neSBIR/STTR Inkxaso - Ukubopha imali engqinelanayo yeenkampani eziphumelele kuphando lwe-International System Innovation (SBIR) okanye i-Small Business Treader Tree. Oku kunceda ukuqalisa kwasekuhlaleni kutsale urhulumente ukuba afumane ii-irandi ezinokuqukumbela kwamanye amazwe.
  • [[FLT: 0] Angel Investinger and Compuplending Incentives – nikezela iityala zerhafu kubatyali-mali bezithunywa zezulu abatyalisela ukuqala okufanelekileyo. Amanye amazwe aye abona ulwando oluphawulekayo kungeniso lwasekuqaleni kweqonga emva kokuzalisekisa ezo zincomo.
  • [[NTL: 0] I-Loan Iqinisekisa Iinkqubo – Imali-mboleko esemva evela kwiibhanki zorhwebo ukuya kwiinkampani ezifumana inkxaso-mali ezingenayo okanye ukuphuma kwemali. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wabobolekisi ngaphandle kokubiza urhulumente imali encinci.

Inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke kufuneka yenziwe kwikomkhulu labucala, hayi ithathe indawo yalo. Abalawuli belizwe kufuneka bajolise ingqalelo ekwakheni uluntu olunemichiza echumileyo ngokukhuthaza iziganeko ezigxumileyo, umgcini-mali i-bootampamp, kunye neentlanganiso zokwenza imvisiswano ezidibanisa ikomkhulu lamazwe angaphandle namathuba asekuhlaleni.

5. Yakha iinethwekhi eziluntsonkothileyo

Ukuhlaziywa kohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kuxhaphakile xa abantu beemvelaphi neentlangano ezahlukeneyo besebenzisana rhoqo.

  • [[NTL:0] Ukuhlanganisa iHbs yokuTyhuzula – ukuseka amaziko aphathekayo apho oosomashishini, abaphengululi, kunye namaqumrhu asebenza kunye. Ezi ndawo zinika izixhobo zokulungisa, indawo esebenzayo, kunye nekhalenda yeziganeko zokuncokola.
  • Inyathelo lophuhliso lokhuthazo - -- Bonisa amandla oshishino akhoyo (umz., inqwelo-moya eWashington, biotech eMassachusetts) kunye nabaququzeleli bokulungelelanisa ukudibana kwemingeni efana nezithuba zonikezelo okanye ukunqongophala kwetalente.
  • Inkomfa zomngcipheko-umngcipheko - Ukuhlela rhoqo “ukwenza iziganeko” apho oonjingalwazi banikela uphando lwabo kubameli bamashishini nabanikazi. Imodeli yeNgqungquthela yokulungisa iTexas ikotshwa kumazwe amaninzi.
  • Izahlulo zePlatforms ezikwabiwayo - Khuthaza ukusungulwa kwee-ports zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo ezivumela ukuqala ukufikelela kurhulumente, i-octive, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezithuthi ukwakha izicelo ezintsha. Ukhuphiswano oluKhulu lweZixeko zaseNew York lwakhula ngaphandle kokwenza inyathelo logcino-lwazi.

Indima yesigqeba esiphetheyo sikarhulumente idla ngokusebenza njengomququzeleli, esebenzisa iqonga eliphezulu elingcungcuthekisayo ukumisela umbono kwaye emva koko uhlehle ukuvumela icandelo labucala neeyunivesithi zikhokele ukubulawa.

6. Ukulinganisa kunye nokusebenzisa

Indalo yokulungisa izinto inamandla; oko namhlanje kusenokungasebenzi ngomso. Abalawuli belizwe kufuneka bamisele iqela lezalathiso ezikhokelayo nezingakhawuleziyo kwinkqubela-phambili, enjenge:

  • Imali enikwa abantu
  • Ikomkhulu lemali elifakelwayo kwiphondo (epheli)
  • Inani leenkonzo ezifunyenweyo
  • ISebe lifumana inkxaso-mali
  • Ukwanda kwamaqondo e-STEM
  • Imali eseleyo yokusetyenziswa

Ezi metric kufuneka zixelwe phambi kwabantu ngonyaka ukugcina uxanduva kunye nokwazisa utshintsho kwiinkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, abalawuli borhulumente kufuneka bafake ikowuni yangaphandle iziphumo zolwakhiwo, ukuphawula ngokuchasene noontanga kunye neenkokeli zotshintsho lwehlabathi lonke. Brookings Institution[ inikezela ngophando oluphangaleleyo kuphuhliso lomgangatho wombuso olunokunceda njengokhokelo.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene

Nangona kungekho plani ilinganayo nayo yonke imeko, imizekelo emininzi ibonisa iindlela eziphumelelayo zokwakha indalo ezinokulungiseka:

Ukuhlaziya Kwemikhahla yaseKhalifoniya

Silicon Valley kunye neNtlanganiso yeBay ngumgangatho wegolide wokuhlaziya indalo, kodwa inkqubo yomgangatho wesizwe kuphela ayizange iyile. Noko ke, urhulumente wesizwe waseKhalifoniya uye waxhasa ukuveliswa kwemali kwiiyunivesithi zophando lukawonke-wonke (Uc Berkeley, UCLA, UC Diego), imekobume esemthethweni ethetha ngezivumelwano ezingahambelaniyo (zenza iKhalifoniya ingaqhelekanga), kunye neSitenadi yeRegenerative Medicinement (CRM), inyathelo lophando lwe-mo ye-mouse ye-mouse ye-octivech projective . Imonethi yezwe elikhuthaza ukuhambela phambili kwe- i-ofisi yokucwangcisa nokulungisa uphando-lwazi [FLT]

Inzululwazi Yobomi YaseMassachusetts

Ngo-2008, iMassachusetts yasungula isicwangciso sotyalo-mali lobomi lweminyaka elishumi, i-$2, amawaka ezigidi ze-iiyunithi ezixhasa indawo entsha yophando, ixhasa ukuqalisa, kwaye yanika izikhuthazo zerhafu kwiinkampani zebhaso. Lo rhulumente wadala kwakhona isebe elinikezelweyo le-quassi-public . iMassachusetts Life Sciences Center . Ukuphumeza icebo. Isiphumo: Massachusetts ngoku ikhokela ilizwe kwinzululwazi ehamba phambili kwikomkhulu lobomi kwi-mphini nganye kwaye ibone ukukhula kokubini koqalishwa nokukhula kwenkampani enkulu. Imodeli iye yafundwa yaphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda amazwi anje ngolu hlobo Colado [[FLD:1] ngamandla acocekile.

IPaki yoPhicotho - ngqangi yaseMntla Carolina (RTP)

Iqaliswe ngo-1959, i-RTP yaba yintsebenziswano yamaqumrhu phakathi korhulumente, iiyunivesithi ezintathu ezinkulu (UNC Chapel Hill, Duke, NC, uRhulumente) kunye necandelo labucala. Imeko-bume yaxhasa ipaki ngotyando lwezibonelelo, ukuphathwa kakuhle kwerhafu, kunye neenkqubo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi. Namhlanje, i-RTRTP i-RTP i-artP ikho iinkampani ezingaphezu kwama-300, kuquka iziko elikhulu le-R&D ze-IBM, Stencils, ne-GlaxoSmithline. I-ecusmeticficity iquka uluntu olusandisayo oluneyo kwisakhiwo esikwidolophu iDurham, ebonisa ukuba indlela ende yokuzingela, umguli angavelisa iimbuyiselo eziphinda-ka.

Ukwanda Kobugcisa BaseUtah

U Utah uvelise njengesazulu sobugcisa esibizwa ngokuba yiSilicon Slopes.” Urhulumente wesizwe wafak' isandla ngokudala iUtah Fund of Fund, eyafaka imali kwikomkhulu lemali ezimisele ukumisa ikomkhulu eUtah. Ngaphezu koko, i-ofisi yezoshishino yezoshishino, ukuveliswa kwezifundo zenzululwazi yekhompyutha kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah, kunye nokuveliswa kweengcingo zerhafu kwiinkampani zobugcisa, eziye zatsala iifektha enjenge-Adobe, iQualtrics, kunye neDomo. Iofisi yenkqubela yezoqoqosho yelizwe ilungelelanisa ngokuneyo kunye neembutho zezoshishino zoshishino, ukuxhasa ukuhambela phambili kwe-omisebe.

Ukoyisa Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo

Ukwakha izinto eziphilayo ezitsha kunezithintelo.

  • Imijikelo yeProtical – Ukulungisa kufuna ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo ngaphaya kolawulo. Ukuhlisa oku, abalawuli bangafaka iinkqubo kumthetho okanye benze iibhodi ezizimeleyo, ze-bipartistan zokongamela amanyathelo athabatha ixesha elide.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukukhupha iiNkcukacha – Ngexesha lokuhla koqingqo-mali, iinkqubo zokuhlaziya zingasikwa. Ama-United States angasebenzisa inkxaso-mali yemali, umanyano lukawonke-wonke, okanye anikezele ipesenti yengeniso yerhafu evela kumacandelo aphezulu ukuqinisekisa ngemali erhoxileyo.
  • [[NKQUBO] Iimfazwe ezimandundu--Imimandla efana nengingqi yeBay kunye neNew York ifumana italente ephezulu ukusuka kwizinto eziphilayo ezingamiselwanga kakhulu. Amazwe kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kumgangatho wobomi, iindleko zokufumana iingenelo zokuphila, kunye nokujoliswe ekujolisweni kwabasebenzi abakude abanokuguquka ngoku.
  • [[NTL: 0] Isikhitshana sonikezelo-izinto eziphilayo eziphumelelayo zingatshixelwa kushishino lwakudala. Abalawuli belizwe kufuneka basoloko bevavanya ubugcisa bokuvela kwaye bakhuthaze ukuphazamiseka, nokuba kusongela ukusekwa kwemiqadi.

Ukwamkela ezi ngxaki ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokwakha iindlela ezilungelelaniswayo ziza kwandisa amathuba empumelelo ende. Imanyano yesizwe yamaGatya inika oovimba kunye neenkqubo zoontanga ukunceda amazwe afunde kumava omnye nomnye.

Isiphelo

Abalawuli belizwe banendima ephambili ekukhuthazeni indalo ekhuthaza ukhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho, ebangela imisebenzi ephezulu yomgangatho ophezulu, kwaye icombulule iingxaki zikawonke-wonke. Ngokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuxhasa, ukuveliswa kwemiqathango yezibonelelo, ukulondolozwa kwetalente, ukuxhobisa ingxinano, kunye nokwakha intsebenziswano, banokuguqula iimeko zabo zibe ziindawo zokufumana inkqubela phambili. Umsebenzi awuyo lula, kwaye iziphumo zinokuthatha iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka ukuze zifumane ingeniso ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ingeniso exhasa ingeniso ekhoyo, eyahlukeneyo, enokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwezobugcisa kunye nokhuphiko lomhlaba wonke, kwaye iyakuwufanele kakuhle umgudu oqhubekayo. Iinkokeli zelizwe ezamkela lo msebenzi namhlanje ziya kumisela amaphondo azo ngenxa yempumelelo.