Ukwazisa

Amaphulo ezobupolitika asebenza kwindawo ephakamileyo apho unxibelelwano ngalunye novoti lungasongamela ulungelelwano. Phakathi kwezixhobo ezikhoyo kumagcisa, bambalwa ababangela impikiswano enkulu njengophando lokunyanzela. Ngoxa uphando oluqhelekileyo loluvo lufuna ukulinganisa apho abavoti bamile khona, lunyanzelisa uphando ukuba lushunyayelwe ukushukumisa. Imicimbi yomahluko, kuba iphulo liyilinganisa njani impumelelo yovavanyo olunyanzelayo nokuba icebo libonwa njengempumelelo ecacileyo okanye ityala elidumileyo. Ukuqonda izakhiwo, ii-milieters, kunye nemingeni ebandakanyekileyo ekuquququzeleleni ukunyanzela ukuphumelela kovavanyo kwimimiselo lwangoku lwezimvoti yemi yamaqela ovoti kunye nemida yemithetho elungileyo.

Uphando lophulo-goqo luqulathe ummandla ongwevu phakathi kophando kunye nokungafundi. Ayiyilwanga ukuvelisa ugcino-lwazi olungachananga malunga neemvakalelo zovoti. Endaweni yoko, isebenza njengesixhobo sokusasaza ulwazi oluyingozi, ukukhuthaza iindidi ezikhoyo, okanye ukuvavanya ukuphinda kuhlaselo oluthile. Amaqela aqokelela ubuncwane obubalulekileyo ekuthumeleni olu nxulumano, kodwa ngaphandle kokulinganisa okungqongqo, abanakwazi enoba imigudu eshukumisiweyo okanye ebangelwa yingxolo nje. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela amaphulo ahlola ngayo ukubuya kwemali, imiqobo ekhoyo, kunye nemiqobo yendlela abajamelana nayo xa bezama ukuchola isiphumo somngeni omnye weminxelo yokuzi-ndaba esasazwayo kunye nezorhwebo.

Ziyintoni Iingcamango Zokutyhala Nendlela Ezahluke Ngayo Kuhlolisiso Olusemthethweni?

Ukulinganisa ubuchule bophando lokunyanzelisa, umntu kufuneka kuqala achaze oko kufanelekileyo njengongquzulwano lokutyhalela phambili. Eli gama libhekisela kumbhalo osetyenziswa ngocingo okanye obengumnxeba ophilayo ozimfaka uluvo olusemthethweni kodwa owenzelwe ukutshintsha uluvo lwamavo aphendulayo, ngokufuthi ngokunika ulwazi olungalunganga ngotshaba. Uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lungabuza: "Ungakuxhasa kakhulu okanye kancinci ukuxhasa uCandidate Smith ukuba wazi ukuba ukhankanyiwe ngenxa yokungahlawulwa kwerhafuli ngo20181818?"

Uphando lophando olusemthethweni, ngokwahlukileyo, lusebenzisa amagama athe ngqo kunye neempendulo ezilungeleleneyo. Lufuna ukulinganisa uluvo olukhoyo ngaphandle kokulonakalisa. I-American Association for Public Voison Research (APOR) yahlula uphando olunyanzelekileyo kuphando olusemthethweni ngokuphawula ukuba ukunyanzela uphando "akuyilelwanga ukuqokelela ulwazi kodwa kunoko ukusasaza ukusasazwa kobuxoki phantsi komthunzi wophando. Amaqela asebenzisa uphando oluqhelekileyo ukugxekwa kobucala obuvela kumajelo eendaba, abaphengululi, yaye ngamanye amaxesha abanyuli-mfundo. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanzela ukuphembelela uphando kuqhubekeke kuba kuluncedo kwimijaho esezantsi ye-mntlalo okanye ebudeni beentsuku zokugqibela ngaphambi konyulo xa unyulo olufanelekileyo luthe qhutywe ngenkombo oluthe ngqo.

Umgangatho osemthethweni wothotho lwezingxinano ohluka-hlukeneyo ngokolawulo. Amanye amaphondo afuna ukutyhilwa komntu ohlawulela umnxeba, lo gama amanye ezama ukuvala ukutyhalela phambili uvo olucacileyo kwizizathu zoqheliselo lokukhohlisa. Inkamkelo esebenza kumaphondo amaninzi kufuneka iqhube ngononophelo, kwaye umlinganiselo wobuchule uquka uhlolo lomngcipheko wokungagunyaziswa ngokusemthethweni okanye ngomlomo. Uhlolo olunyanzelayo olushukumisa iimvakalelo zovotayo ngeencam ezimbini kodwa lukhuphe amabali angaphambili asemaqhinga angcolileyo anokuvelisa umnatha ombi kwiphulo oluye lwawo.

Indima Efanelekileyo Yokutyhala Kumaphulo Anamhlanje

Amaqela akaqhubi anyanzelisa unyulo ngokucokisekileyo. Isigqibo sokusebenzisa eli qhinga silandela icebo elibalulekileyo elinobunzima obunokufumana inzuzo ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kwemiqobo. Uhlolo lotshilo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimijaho yokhuphiswano apho inani elincinane labavoti abangakhange bafumane iziphumo. Likwasetyenziswa nakunyulo lokuqala ukuvavanya imiyalezo enzima kakhulu kubhengezo lukawonke-wonke. Icebo eliqulunqileyo lixhomekeke kwiintelekelelo ezintathu: ukuba ucingo lungafikelela kwivotisi engazisebenzisi izibhengezo zephulo zephulo, ukuba ulwazi olunikezelwayo luza kudibana nokuba luchasane, kwaye isiphumo sinzima ukulandela emva kwiphulo lokubhengeza.

Ukulinganisa ukuphumelela kolu khetho lubalulekileyo kufuna okungaphezulu kunokufuzisela nje kuphela. Ikampakatho kufuneka zivavanye ukuba ukhupho lothotho luyiphumele injongo yonxibelelwano. Ingaba ubizo lwaphumelela ekutyaleni uthandabuza olukhethekileyo ngotshaba? Ingaba yaguqula incoko ijikeleze umba othile? Ingaba yacinezela ukucinywa phakathi kwesiseko sotshaba? Le yimibuzo enokuthi ukucocwa okuqhelekileyo kungakwazi ukuphendula ngqo, ngoko amaphulo asebenzisa intlalo yophando lwangaphambi kwangaphambi koshicilelo nolwesemva kophazamiso, amaqela abalawuli, kwaye alandele udliwano-ndlebe ukuze aphawule isiphumo somyalezo.

Tyhila Isibhengezo Esingafanelekanga Ngefowuni

Kukho ukuthelekisa okunamandla phakathi kothotho lothotho olunyanzelisayo nezibhengezo ezingalunganga zikamabonwakude. Zombini zizama ukwenza unxulumano lwemvakalelo okanye lolwazi lwengqondo olubangela ukuba umchasi angabi nomtsalane. Umahluko ngowokuba uvo lokutyhalela lusebenzisana. Impendulo inyanzelekile ukulungiselela ulwazi kwaye ichaze impendulo. Lo msebenzi usebenzayo ungenza ulwazi lube lungenakulibaleka ngaphezu kwendawo engekho mdlakacukubheni. Amaqela alinganisa le ngxaki ngokukhumbula imibuzo ekhunjulwayo kamva, abuze abaphendule ukuba ngaba "be beye bavile into ekhoyo" na kutshanje" ngentethekiso ethile. Inkumbulo phakathi kwabapheli ababhenqileyo isebenza njengendawo yokusebenza konxibelelwano olusebenzayo.

Ngoko, indlela yokusebenzisana yophando olunyanzelwayo ichaza ubungozi. Umphicothi ovakalelwayo ephakanyisiweyo angashukunyiselwa ngakumbi ukuxhasa umncomi. Lento, eyaziwa njengesiphumo esisemva, yintloko eguquguqukayo kumlinganiselo osebenzayo. Ukunyanzela okuphumelelayo kuthintela ukugqabaza umva ngokukhupha ulwazi njengombuzo wobundilele kunokuba uthethe. Umba othelekisayo kukufumana umahluko ofihlakeleyo kwiimvakalelo ngaphandle kokuba ukwazi ukubuza ngqo enoba urhintyelo.

Amanani angundoqo okulinganisa ukusebenza komsebenzi wokwenza uqhutyo

Amaphulo axhomekeke kwiqela lemilinganiso elinganayo ukuqwalasela ukuba uphando lokutyhalela luye lwaphumelela na isiphumo salo. Ezi milli zithe shwaka ukunqumla uqokelelo lwedata oluninzi ukwakhiwa kwento phambi nasemva komfanekiso. Ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka intsebenziswano, isantya sovoti, inkumbulo yesigidimi, neziphumo zophendlo ezilandelayo. I-metric nganye ithatha umba owahlukileyo wempumelelo, kwaye iphulo eliqhelekileyo lizilinganisa kunye kunokuba lixhomekeke kwisibonisi esinye.

Phendula

Utshintsho lwempendulo lubhekiselele kutshintsho kukhetho okanye kwinjongo yokuvota ebhalwe phakathi kwabaphengululi ababechanabeke kukhupho lohlahlo. Ukulinganisela oku, amaphulo aqhuba uhlolisiso lwangaphambi kwento ejoliswe kuyo, ukuqhuba uhlolo lokutyhalela kwiseti engaphantsi kwendalo iphela, kwaye emva koko ubhekise uhlolisiso lwasemva komhlaba omnye. Umahluko phakathi kweempendulo zexesha elibini uxelwa, ngobulumko, kukhuthulo olunyanzelekileyo lomntu omnye ukuya kumanqaku amathathu athelekelelwayo, ngoko ke, kufuneka uthathele ingxelo yokubuyela komnye umntu kwingingqi efuna ukuphendula.

Amaphulo anzima avelisa imodeli etshintshayo elawula ukutshintsha kwamanani abantu, ukuthambeka komququzeleli, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuthelekelela. Zikwavavanya iziphumo zethamo-pomposi. Ukuba abaphicothi bafumene uhlobo olude lothotho babonisa utshintsho olukhulu kunabo bafumene uguqulelo olufutshane, iphulo lifumana intembelo yokuba okuqulethwe yile nto ngokwayo kuqhuba utshintsho. Olu hlobo lohlalutyo lufuna umlinganiselo ogqitha kumlinganiselo ophezulu wokucola okungundoqo, okunyusa iindleko kodwa kuphucula umlinganiselo othe ngqo.

Ubandakanyeko lwe Voter noqhaqho-nxaxheba

Ipesenti yabavoti abaqhagamshelana nabo abagqiba uhlolo olunyanzelekileyo yi-meter yempumelelo. Izinga eliphantsi lokugqiba licebisa ukuba iskripti asiphumeleli ukuthelekisa abaphendulayo, okunciphisa iqula labantu abachaphazelekayo kumyalezo. Inkampani ilandela inani lonxulumano olubekweyo, inani labaqhakamshelani, inani lokugqitywa, kunye nomlinganiselo wobude bomnxeba. Ukuhla okuphezulu kumgangatho ophakathi wesikripti kucebisa ukuba abaphendulayo bayathandabuza okanye bakrubhise, nto leyo enokuthi ibonise ukuba ibali elisisigquma lingadibani na okanye ulwazi luqhelekile.

Ukuthelekisa kulinganiswa nangamanani abantu abacela ulwazi olungakumbi okanye abathi ngokuzenzekelayo banikele iimbono ezingaphazanyiswanga ngexesha lobizo. Abalawuli besikhululo sonxibelelwano oluhambelana nohlalutyo lohlobo. Ukuba inxenye engundoqo yabaphendulayo ibonakalisa umsindo okanye ukukrokra, iphulo lingagqiba ukushiya iskripti okanye ukuguqula isandi salo. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba abaphulaphuli bakhangeleka befuna ukulandela imibuzo elandelekayo, loo miqondiso eyomelele ngakumbi. Le mini igalelo isoloko ingena ngexesha lokwenene kwaye ibekwe kwibhodi ezibhexeshi zihlola iphulo suku ngalunye.

Inkumbulo Umyalezo

Inkumbulo yexesha elide yisalathisi esinempumelelo. Iyalinganisa ukuba umvoti ukhumbula uvumo oluphakathi okanye uthetha ngokusuka kwiyure zothotho okanye iintsuku emva komnxeba. Inkumbulo ephezulu ichaza ukuba ulwazi lunxulunyaniswe kwinkumbulo yexesha elide, nto leyo enyusa amathuba okuba luza kuphembelela umvoti isigqibo sokugqibela. Imikhankatho ikhumbula umyalezo ngohlolisiso olulandelayo oluphenduliweyo okanye oluphembelelayo malunga noko anokukuva ngomvo. Iimpendulo zimiselwe ngokwekhowudi yokuchana ngokuchana kombhalo wokukhangela kokuqala.

Uphawu lwebhetshi enzima yenkumbulo eqinileyo luyahluka-hluka ngobunzima bentengiso. Kwimeko-media apho abavoti bedutyulwa ngemiyalezo ekhuphisanayo, inkumbulo yamanani angaphezulu kwama-20 ekhulwini athathwa njengalungile. Kugqatso oluzolileyo, umlinganiselo wokukhumbula ama-30 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kusenokuba kuyenzeka. Imikhankaso iphinda ivavanye ukubola ngokulandela uphando lweyure ezingama-24, iiyure ezingama-48, kunye neveki enye. Ukubola kwe-rapid kucebisa ukuba umyalezo awunamathelanga, ngoxa ungazinzile okanye ukwanda kucebisa ukuba umyalezo usasazwe kwingxoxo okanye uphatho lwe-medipozi.

Iziphumo Zokonakalisa Okulandelayo

Uvavanyo olugqibelelyo lwempumelelo yokunyanzela uphando kukuhamba ngamanani ogqatso lwamahashe. Inkampane isebenza kuvotho lwebhetshi ehambayo phambi kwamaza okutyhala, ithumela uvo lokulandelela ingoma emva kokugqitywa kweliza. Umahluko phakathi kwenkxaso yomkhweliso, ingakumbi phakathi kwemiqathango ejongiweyo okanye yengingqi, isetyenziselwa ukuthelekelela isiphumo senetha. Lo mlinganiso ungxolo uphangalala kuba ezinye izinto ezininzi. /imeko] Izibhengezo zebhanile, iziganeko zokuchasana, kwaye zifumaneke ngaphandle kwemisebe yemisebe. Ukunyusa umahluko-ngentlalo, uthelekiso lwemiboniso-luvo, uthelekiso lwemeko phakathi kwendalo ejongiweyo ukutshintsha ulawulo lwendalo engakhange ifumane uvavanyo.

Amanye amaphulo ahambela phambili kwaye asebenzise uhlalutyo oluhambelana nophawu lwenqaku okanye utyekelo lobunzima ukulingisa uvavanyo oluthe gqolo. Xa ucinezeleko luthunyelwa kwiintengiso ezininzi zosasazo, amaphulo angathelekisa intshukumo echaphazelekayo kwiimarike ezingakhange zisetyenziswe, ukuba iimarike ziyafana kwizinto ezingundoqo ezifana nokuqulunqwa kwamaqosha, ingeniso, kunye nemfundo. Le dilesi i-quasi-experary ingumgangatho wegolide wokulinganisa isiphumo soqhagamshelwano, kodwa ifuna iphulo elinomlinganiselo owaneleyo kunye nesiseko sogcino-data sokuyiqhuba kakuhle.

Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngamaphulo

Ngaphaya komphakathi, amaphulo asebenzisa iindlela eziliqela zokukhetha nokulinganisela iziphumo zothotho lokutyhalela. Ezi ndlela zisuka kuthelekiso olulula lwangaphambi kwemigca yenqanawa ukuya kuhlobo oluntsonkothileyo lweqela lenjongo. Indlela yokukhetha ixhomekeke kuqingqo-mali lwephulo, umgca wexesha, nokunyamezela ukulinganisa impazamo.

Ukungcoliswa kokuphambili nokuphuma kwe-Profti

Eyona ndlela ithe ngqo ibandakanya ukuqhuba uhlolisiso olusisiseko lwento ejoliswe kuyo, kuquka ireyithingi ezintle zabemi, inkqubano, kunye nenjongo yokuvota. Iphulo lizalisa ukuba abemi balapho batyhalele izicelo zokutsala ngexesha elithile elichaziweyo. Emva kokuvalwa kwefestile ezaneleyo, uhlolo olulandelayo luye lubekwe kwingingqi efanayo okanye isampuli entsha edwe kwisakhelo esinye. Umahluko phakathi kwemijelo esingundoqo phakathi kwamaza amabini uqiniswa, ngeemaza, kukhupho olutyhalwayo. Le ndlela isengozini kwiziphumo zembali kunye neziphumo zotyalo, kodwa ihlala isetyenziswa ngokubanziwa ngqo kwaye ibulawe kwiphulo elinye lomjikelo.

Iphulo lokusebenzisa uthelekiso lwangaphambi kwemiqondiso liquka iseti yolawulo lwemibuzo malunga nemixholo engahambelaniyo ukulinganisela ukuba uhlahlo lokutyhalela lubangele utshintsho ngokubanzi kwisakhono okanye isimo sengqondo. Ukuba imibuzo yolawulo ibonisa ukuba akukho tshintsho lokwenza into ngexesha ujoliseko lubonisa intshukumo, ukuthemba kwintsebenziswano. Iiplani zangaphambili zokulinganisa zikwangenelwa kumlinganiselo omkhulu, ngokufanelekileyo 400 ukuya kumakhulu amahlanu amaza, ukunikezela amandla aneleyo ezibalo ekufumaneni amaza amancinci.

Uyilo lweqela lokulawula

Ukwenziwa kweqela labalawuli kunikeza ubungqina obunamandla ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abanye abavoti bakhutshwe ngabom ekuchaphazelekeni. Kwisicwangciso sokulawula, iphulo lichonga uluhlu lwamanani ocingo kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo linika inxenye yolo luhlu ukwamkela umnxeba wokutyhalela phambili ngeli lixa abaseleyo befumana unxulumano okanye unxulumano lwendawo eninzi malunga nomxholo ongahambelaniyo. Omabini amaqela ahlolwa emva koko. Umahluko phakathi konyango namaqela okulawula ukhetha isiphumo soqhagamshelwano loqhagamshelwano loqhagamshelwano loxa ucima ngaphandle kwemibango eqhelekileyo efana nengxelo okanye imozulu.

Ukusebenza kwendlela yokwenyaniso yokulawula engenakucwangciswa kwiphulo eliphilayo kunzima kuba uluhlu lwefowuni lunqabile ngokwenene kwaye ngenxa yokuba abavoti bangabelana ngolwazi ngaphaya konyango kunye namaqela okulawula. Iziphumo ezigqithisileyo zingadambisa isiphumo somlinganiselo. Ikampathiso zokudambisa oku ngokukhetha amaqela okulawulayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye ngokuqinisekisa ukuba unyango kunye neesampuli zolawulo zikhutshwe kwiicandelo ezingabhabhiswanga. Ngaphandle kwale mingeni, ukwenziwa kwemimiselo yokulawula kuthathwa njengendlela elula yokuhlola iphulo langaphakathi.

Izinto ezijolise kugcino-lwazi kunye nokufuzisela

Amaphulo angoku anokufikelela kwisiseko esikhulu solwazi lovoti, kuquka imbali edlulileyo yokubhalisa, ubhaliso lweqela, ukuziphatha kwabathengi, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwamanani. Ezi zinto zigcina ulwazi zivumela amaphulo obuchule bokwakha imodeli esenokuba yimpendulo engaphambili yovoti ukunyanzela utyhilo lonyuko. Umzekelo, iphulo lingasebenzisa unikezelo lobugocigo ukuchaza inani labemi kunye ne-actutiudimeria ezithe kakhulu kwintengiso. Ukuba imodeli ixela ukuba amabhinqa amhlophe, akwindawo esemaphandleni angaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesithoba alungele ukuchana kwecandelo, iphulo lingajolisa igana neziphumo ezithe ngqo kulo.

Ukufuzisela ukuziphatha kuvumela amaphulo okufumana unxibelelwano phakathi kokhupho lothotho lwemitshato kunye nezinye iincam zophando. Umvoti ofumana uvotelo lokutyhalela kwaye abone isibhengezo esinxulumeneyo sikamabonwakude angabonisa utshintsho olukhulu kunovotelwayo olubhexwayo kuphela. Imikhankaso isebenzisa iziphumo ezininzi zokusebenza kwimodeli enika igalelo ukukhupha umnikelo wesiqhagamshelanisi ngasinye. Ezimo zemodeli zixhomekeke kumanani ebhabhabhayo okanye kumatshini ofunda ialgorings ezinokuphatha ugcino-data oluphezulu. Isiphumo sinqaku somrhuqo wokutyha imigca enxulumene nokutsala imigca, intengiso yamanani, nezinye iindlela.

Imanyano yaseMelika yophando lwezimvo zoluntu igcina imigaqo ekunyulweni kwendlela yokuziphatha ukuba amaphulo kufuneka abhekiselele xa kusenziwa umlinganiselo wezixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukuba azizalisi unyuso lokwenene ngokuphanda.

Uhlolo olulandelelwayo kunye notyiso olunobunkunkqele

Uqikelelo olunomlinganiselo oququzelelayo alunakuyithatha yonke into. Ikampathiso yongezo zomlinganiselo wazo ngodliwano-ndlebe, amaqela agxininisayo, kunye nemibuzo ephendu elivulekileyo. Uhlolisiso olulandelayo oluquka icandelo elifutshane elingahlawulwayo elingachaza indlela abathe bathetha ngayo ngomxholo wothotho lokucinezeleka kubahlobo babo kunye nentsapho. Ukuba inxalenye enkulu yempendulo eziphelisiweyo ikhankanya ubuxoki obusuka kukhuthuzo olunyathiweyo, iphulo liyawazi ukuba umyalezo usasazwa ngendlela ecacileyo.

Amanye amaphulo aqhuba unxulumano lwe-debrief nabasebenzi abatsalela uphando. Abameli bonxulumano basoloko benengqiqo yethuku lombhalo abasebenza ngawo. Bangaxela emva ngesandi sencoko, iintetho eziqhelekileyo ezivela kwabaphenduli, kunye neentshukumo ezingalindelekanga. Le mpendulo yentelekelelo isetyenziswa kwizimpinda zokuhlaziya nokujolisa uxwebhu ngexesha elisondeleyo. Nangona ingeko olungqongqo, ingqiqo evela kwezi zikhuphiso zoncedo zicotha i-imeyili phambi kweliza elilandelayo lonxulumano.

Ulawulo logcino-lwazi kunye nobugcisa bokufumana impumelelo

Measuring push poll effectiveness at scale requires robust data infrastructure. Campaigns that deploy hundreds of thousands of calls need systems that log every call outcome, time stamp every interaction, and link responses back to individual voter records. Modern campaign technology stacks include predictive dialers, interactive voice response systems, and customer relationship management platforms that integrate with polling and analytics software.

Enye iteknoloji esetyenziswa kakhulu ekulandeleni ifayile ye projekti ye projekti ye projekti ye meta i- injini esetyenziswayo. Ezi nkqubo zirekhoda ukuba unxulumano luphendulwe, ukuba umphulaphuli uhlala ixesha elingakanani emgceni, imibuzo ephendulweyo, nokuba ngaba ophendulayo ugqibileyo unxulumano. Le metadata isondla ngqo kwimodeli esebenzayo. Ukuba idata ibonisa ukuba ushicilelo olunye luvelisa amaxesha amade okubiza kwikhowudi ezithile, iphulo lihlola ukuba olo nxulumano lubhalwe okanye lukhatywa, kwaye lilungisa imodele ngokwendlela elungileyo.

Enye iteknoloji esandul' ukusetyenziswa kuhlolo lwemizwa erekhodiweyo. Abanye abarhwebi banika izixhobo zokulungisa iintetho zokwemvelo ezihlalutya isandi, ukhetho lwamagama, kunye nokungacoceki kweempendulo ezidibeneyo. Ngoxa zisebiza kakhulu kumaphulo amaninzi, ezi zixhobo zingabona amadekrutha-mva, ukudideka okanye ihlombe elixela kwangaphambili indlela yokuziphatha yamva. Umntu ophendulayo ophazamisekileyo xa kusenziwa uhlolisiso angavota umntu oza kungenelela ngaphandle kobuxhakaxhakaxhakaxhakaxha.

uphando olusuka kuPult kwimisebenzi yezorhwebo neyezobupolitika yokutyhalela phambili uvo lugxininisa ukubaluleka koqokelelo logcino-lwazi olucace gca ukwenzela ukuba ngokomthetho.

Ucelomngeni Lokusebenzisa Impompo Ebangela Impumelelo

Ngaphandle koludwe lweendlela kunye nomlinganiselo okhoyo, amaphulo ajongene nemiqobo enzima xa ezama ukulinganisa impembelelo yokwenene yokhuthuzo olunyanzelwayo. Olu celomngeni luvela kwindlela esisisixhobo ngokwaso, imekobume esisebenza kuyo, kunye nemilinganiselo enxulumene nophando lwezobupolitika.

Impembelelo Engaqondanga Nezinto Eziguquguqukayo

Ivoter zingaphenjelelwa luhlolisiso olunyanzelisayo ngaphandle kokuqonda oko. Isiphumo sokothula, uqhaqho-magama oluchanekileyo, lucebisa ukuba ukuboniswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwentshukumisa kunganyusa ukuthandwa kwaloo ntshukumo naxa umntu engakukhumbuliyo ukuchanabeka. Kwimeko yokucinezelwa kovotelo, umvoti angaziva engachananga ngakumbi ngomntu ojoliswe kodwa abekel ’ uluvo kubali lokuva ezindabeni abalubonileyo okanye incoko. Le mpembelelo engabonakaliyo inzima ukuthatha uphando kuba lowo uphendulayo akanakunikela ingxelo eqinisekileyo ngemvelaphi yeemvakalelo zabo.

Izixhobo ezithe zasekwa zithe zanamanzi angakumbi. Ukujongwa kwamajelo eendaba ngokunyanzela kungavelisa igalelo lesibini lokuchanabeka. Ukuba iphephandaba libhala ibali malunga nokuvota okunyanzelwayo, abavoti abafunda loo mba bangayiguqula imbono yabo ngaphandle kokufumana umnxeba. Iphulo libona intshukumo kubemi ngokubanzi yokuba isenokungachananga ukusetyenziswa komnxeba. Ukulawula oku kufuna ukulandelela ijelo losasazo, ikhowudi yendaba, kunye nokuhlalutya ixesha elininzi okungaveli koovimba beendaba ukuba iphathelelene neendlela zokuziphethe.

Ukunqweneleka Nentsabelo Yabantu

Xa abathe babuzwa kuhlolisiso olulandelayo ukuba babephenjelelwe ngumnxeba, abaninzi bayawukhanyela, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba bengafuni ukuvuma ukuba bachaphazeleka ekusebenziseni okanye ngenxa yokuba bekholelwa ngokwenene ukuba bazikhusela. Olu tyekelo lwentlalo luthi luzalise ukubonakala lungasebenzi kokunyanzeleka kovavanyo kugcino-lwazi lomlinganiselo. Amaqela axhomekeke kuphela kwimpembelelo yokuzichaza ayakuwujongela phantsi umgangatho wokwenene.

Ukubuyisa, amaphulo asebenzisa ubuchule bokulinganisa obungangqalanga. Umzekelo, bacela abaphenduli ukuba bavavanye abaza kuthatha inxaxheba kuluhlu lweempawu, ezinye zazo ezikhankanyiweyo kunyuso lokutyhalela ezinye. Ukuba ukutyhalela phambili kweqela kusezantsi kwiimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo kodwa hayi kwiimpawu ezingachazwanga, iphulo elikhupha impembelelo yasemva. Le ndlela inciphisa ukuxhomekeka ngqo kwimibuzo enika iziphumo ezicocekileyo zokhuphiweyo lokucinezela

Iinqobo ezisemthethweni nezifanelekileyo

Ukulinganisa ukunyanzelisa uphando kunzima ngakumbi ngemiqathango esemthethweni eyahlukeneyo ngurhulumente. Ngokutsho kwento efuna ukutyhilwa komntu otsalele umnxeba okanye umbutho ohlawula umnxeba, amaphulo angafuneka aguqule amaxwebhu awo ngendlela ezinciphisa amandla okunyanzela uphando. Ukusebenza phantsi kwezi meko ziguqukileyo kusenokungasebenzisi jikelele kwimeko-bume ezingathintelekiyo. Ngaphezu koko, iibhodi zemithetho yemithetho ekwiyunivesithi namaziko ophando azivumi ukuphanda okubandakanya unxibelelwano olukhohlisayo, nto leyo elinganisela uphando oluzimeleyo lwemfundo kwiziphumo zokuphembelela ukurhoxisa.

Amaphulo kufuneka aqwalasele umngcipheko wodumo wokubanjwa usebenzisa uphando lokunyanzela. Ukuba umlinganiselo wephulo ubonakalisa ukunyanzela uphumelele, iphulo lingahendelwa ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwalo. Oko kunyuswa kwamathuba okuchaphazeleka, okungakhokelela kwinkcazelo engalunganga, ukuvota, kwaye kwanesenzo esisemthethweni. Umlinganiselo osebenzayo, kule meko, uquka uhlalutyo lwemali ekwili lwemali encinci ekwimali enokwenzeka exhasa ityala. Amanye amaphulo agqibe kwelokuba umlinganiselo ongcono wokusebenza kwe-media ayithathi calate: ukuba uvavanyo olunyanzela lungenakuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokubhaqwa, ukusebenza kwayo akuncediswanga.

IKhomishini yoNqumlo yoManyano inika ukhokelo lomgaqo-siseko kwimigangatho yonxibelelwano ukuba amaphulo kufuneka ahlolwe kwicala elikwimithetho elandelwayo yokulinganisa.

Uqheliselo olulunge ngakumbi lokuphembelela ukukhutshwa koonobangela

Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela neengxaki ezichazwe ngasentla, amaphulo angathatha iseti yezenzo ezingcono ukuphucula ukuthembeka komlinganiselo wawo osebenzayo wokunyanzelisa ukuvota. Ezi zinto zingqinelana nokungalingani kwexesha, uqingqo-mali, kunye nomngcipheko osemthethweni.

Okokuqala, amaphulo kufuneka afakwe kumlinganiselo womsebenzi wokuzingisa onyanzelwayo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ukulinda de emva kokuba unxulumano lugqitywe ukugqiba indlela yokulinganisela iziphumo ezinokungathintelwa ziphumele iziphumo ezibuthathaka okanye ezingaqondakaliyo. Ulawulo lwamaqela, kunye nomyalezo kufuneka ucetywe phambi kokuba ubizo lokuqala lubekwe. Oku kuvumela ukuba icandelo eliqhelekileyo lolungiselelo, imilinganiselo eyaneleyo, kunye nenkcazelo ecacileyo malunga neziphumo eziza kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.

Okwesibini, amaphulo kufuneka asebenzise umlinganiselo omninzi ngokuhambelana. Akukho metric enye enika umfanekiso opheleleyo. Uhlalutyo lwempendulo oludityanisiweyo nomyalezo wokukhumbula, ukuganana, kunye nentsingiselo yophicotho lweziqinisekiso zivelisa ubungqina obunika amandla angakumbi kucalulo olufumaneka nakweyiphi indlela enye. Xa isalathisi esininzi kwicala elinye, iphulo linokuba nentembelo engakumbi kwisiphelo.

Okwesithathu, amaphulo kufuneka abhale indlela yawo yokulinganisa imilinganiselo ecacileyo ukuze isetyenziswe ngaphakathi. Uxwebhu olucacileyo luvumela iqela lephulo ukuba likwazi ukulinganisa umlinganiselo kwimijikelezo yexesha elizayo, lithelekise kwimijikelezo yezizwe, lifunde kuzo zombini impumelelo nokungaphumeleli. Likwanikela ukhuseleko ukuba uvavanyo olunyanzelwayo lucelwe ityala okanye kwisixhobo sokugcina ulwazi. Iphulo elinokubonisa ukuba lungalinganiswa iziphumo kwaye lingafumani bungqina bomvoti wenkohliso linokuba nendawo esemthethweni eyomelele ngakumbi.

Okwesine, amaphulo kufuneka afakelele udibaniso logcino-lwazi. Imilinganiselo eluncedo kakhulu efumaneka ngokudibanisa uphakamiso lophando lophando kuvoti-bhaqo kwingxelo yovoti kunye neziphumo zokugqibela zonyulo. Iphulo elaziyo ukuba ngowuphi umvoti ofumana uvoti onyanzelekileyo elinokukhangela ukuba abo bavoti babenamathuba angakumbi okanye abambalwa okujika nokuba bavotelwe umchasi ojoliswe enokuba ulingana neenombolo zefowuni.

Ekugqibeleni, amaphulo kufuneka ahlale esazisiwe ngemigaqo ejikelezayo kunye nesimo sengqondo sikawonke-wonke ngokunyanzelwa kwemibhiyozo. Xa imithetho ye-data yobuqu iqiniswa kwaye abavoti beqonda ngakumbi ngamaqhinga okukhohlisa, ukuphumelela kokunyanzela kusenokuncipha. Ukuphumelela kokusingqongileyo okutshintshayo kufuna ukuphinda kuphinde kuxelwe phantsi okusisiseko kunye nolindelo.

Isiphelo

Ukulinganisa impumelelo yophatho lokunyanzelisa lunzima kodwa lubalulekile kumsebenzi wamaphulo akhetha ukusebenzisa esi sixhobo sididayo. Ii-metric ezisetyenzisiweyo "sponse translate translate" translate translate disting translate translate disting translate disk, ireyities, isandi semiyalezo, iziphumo ezilandelayo zokuvota. Ukuyila isiseko sobukhulu, ngelixa iindlela ezifana nemiqathango yemiboniso, amaqela okulawulayo, ugcino-data olulula, kunye nenkcazelo engundoqo ye-" kufuneka ihambele phambili, kuquka impembelelo engabonakaliyo, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokuthintela okusemthethweni. Amanyathelo athengwa ngokufanelekileyo yinxenye encopholo olubalulekileyo, hayi emva kokucinezelwa.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuphumelela kovotelo olunyanzelwayo akungombuzo nje wokuba lushenxiswa na amanani. Kukwangumbuzo wokuba iphulo liyabuqonda ubungozi, lilawula imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kwaye lisebenzise ugcino-lwazi ngononophelo. Amaphulo angcono asebenzisa ukulinganisa kungekuphela nje ukulinganisa ubuchule bawo kodwa kwakhona ukuzama, ukutshintsha, nokugqiba xa ubuchule becebo bungasebenzi. Uvavanyo lonyulo lonyuselo luza kuhlala lukho ixesha elide xa kungekho kuthandabuza kwimida naphakathi kwezixhobo zolawulo ukuvavanyanisa imida esemthethweni. Hayi indlela umlinganiselo wokuphembelela ofanelekileyo oya kugqiba ngayo ukuba balusebenzisa ngobulumko ngayo.

IZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo woPhicotho-zincwadi linika uhlalutyo olongezelelekileyo kwiindlela zonxibelelwano lwezobupolitika ezinika umongo wokuqonda iindlela zokukhetha ezityhalela phambili.