Isiseko Sobundlobongela Besikolo: Indlela Imithetho Karhulumente Eyichaphazela Ngayo Into Edliwa Ngabafundi

Iinkqubo zesidlo sasemini zasesikolweni zisebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokhuseleko kwizigidi zabantwana kulo lonke elaseUnited States, zilungiselela ukutya okumele owona mthombo uthembekileyo wezondlobongela ngomhla wabo. Ubunjani, ukufumaneka, kunye nokutya okunesondlo kwezi zinto akushiywanga ngamabona - ndenzile; zingumphumo ngqo wenkqubo entsonkothileyo karhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nemigaqo-siseko karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda indlela ezi migaqo-nkqubo esebenza ngayo, apho ziphumelela khona, nalapho ziphelelwa khona ziyimfuneko kumntu nabani na obandakanyekileyo kwimfundo, impilo-mpilo, okanye uluntu. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indaleko, utshintsho olukhoyo, umgangatho wemeko-mongowona, imingeni, imingeni eqhubekayo, imingeni eqhubekayo, kunye nemikhwa echaza ulwalamano phakathi kwenkqubo yesikolo sasemini.

Indaleko: Ukusuka Ekudilizweni Kuse Kwimilinganiselo Yokondla

UMthetho weSikolo weSizwe we-1946: I-A Postwar Safety Net

Inkqubo yesikolo yanamhlanje yezokudla yezokudla yaqalisa kwi- iNational School Lunch Act (NSA) ka-1946, ityikitywe nguMongameli Harry Truman. Esi senzo sashukunyiswa ngamaxhala amabini aphambili: okokuqala, imfuneko yokuthetha ngokungondleki kwamadoda aqeshiweyo ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, eyaveza ukungatyi okusasazekileyo; kwaye eyesibini, umnqweno wokwenza intengiso oluzinzileyo lwempahla zokulima. I-NSA yamisela i-FLT Inkqubo yeSikolo sobuzwe (NLP) [[FLTLD] [[FLT]], eyanika inkxaso yemali engokondla ukuba ivume ukulungiselela ukulungiselela iimfuno ezithile zokutya nokuzinzisayo ezizinzileyo ezihlawulwa ngesisa. Oku kumisela umgaqo-mthetho wesizwe kumthetho wemfundo yesikolo soburhulumente woonkathotho, kunye nokuxhasa iiproppo yemfundo zonyango zotya zodidi zodidi zombini.

UMthetho weNtshontsho yoMnyaka ka- 1966: Ukufumaneka noLongezelelo

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, uMthetho we- wentshontsho yentshontsho yonyaka ka1966 wandisa iNSLP kwaye wagunyaziswa ngokusemthethweni yi- School] Preast Program (SBP) [SLTP] njengenyathelo lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya]. Isenzo saqonda ukuba ukutya kwakusasa kwakubaluleke ngokulinganayo kumsebenzi wenkqu kunye nomsebenzi wemfundo, ingakumbi kubantwana abasuka kwiintsapho zokutya. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-SBP yakhula kucwangciso oluthobayo, ngoku ikhonza abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-14. Umthetho womntwana ukwazisa i-Drivetion Program kunye nolungiso olukhethekileyo, ukuseka kwesiseko solungiso

Umthetho we-1010 oyezempilo nowokunganxilizi Abantwana

Imilinganiselo yesikolo yokutya ebaluleke kakhulu yalandelana nomthetho obalulekileyo wolawulo lwezemfundo weza neHealthy, iNyango-Free Kids Act (HHHFKA) ka-2010], oxhaswa nguFour Lady Michelle Obama. Lo mthetho wayalela iSebe lezolimo (US) ukuhlaziya imilinganiselo yezondlobolo ediweyo kuzo zonke izikolo, kuquka irhafuzo kunye neziselo ezithengisiweyo ezithengiswe kwiimatshini ezithengisa i-flea kunye ne-à lacarte. Utshintsho olungundoqo luquka ukufuna ukuba abafundi banikwe iindidi oluphezulu lweziqhamo nemifuno, okokuba nezidlo ezincinane ezizingeni eziphezulu, kwaye ubisi lumele ingeniso olusezantsi ezikolweni ezithengwayo kunye nezingadibaniyo ezithengezele ukudibaniswa kwemali eziko ezintsha kunye neemali zokubonelelwa kwivenkile zesikolo ezitheko ezixhotyisiweyo.

Imithetho Yanamhlanje Yomanyano: Umsebenzi Olawula Isikolo Namhlanje

Imilinganiselo yezonyango yeSDA yeZikolo

I-USDA’s Diodworder neNtshonga (FFLT) [FFLT:1] imisela iimfuno zokuzondla ezineenkcukacha zokuba zonke izikolo ezithabatha inxaxheba kwi-NSLP kufuneka zilandelwe. Ezi milinganiselo zisekelwe kwi-Datiary Guidelines kwaye zihlaziywa ngamaxesha athile. Okwangoku, isikolo sasemini kufuneka sinike intlukwano enye yentlupheko yemihla ngemihla ye-colorium, i-proteni, i-iron, i-iron, i-vitamin, i-vitamin C. Isidlo kufuneka siquke amalungu amahlanu: inyama, izidlo, izidlo, imifuno, imifuno, nobisi. Imithetho ethile ilawula amacandelo ngesantya sodium, namafutha aqhotyolisiweyo, kunye nokuviniwa kwenkozo yeziqhamo, kwaye imele ikhethelwe enye iziqhamo okanye iziqhamo ezithenjiweyo ezithengiswa kwizifundo zesikolo, ezidiyo eziquka zesikolo, kunye nee-Foptooke, ezithenji, kunye nezi-Fo

Imali eHlanganisiweyo kunye nokuSebenza koomatshini

Imali esisiseko yeenkqubo zesikolo yenkqubo yesidlo sasemini. Izikolo zifumana imali eqingqiweyo yokudla okulungiselelwe ngurhulumente, nexabiso eliphezulu lokutya okulungiselelwe abafundi abafanele ukudla ngesisa okanye ngokuncitshiswa kwama-3,25. Kunyaka wesikolo wama-2024-2025, i-USDA ihlawulela izikolo malunga nemali e-$25.25 kwintlawulo yasemini yesidlo sasemini esiphantsi, ii-3, ii-$3,85 ngexabiso lesidlo sasemini sasemini esithenjiweyo, kunye ne-$0,0, kunye ne-$0,0 (0) ngexabiso lesidlo sasemini esihlawulwayo. Imali ehlawulwa yimali eninzi yemali esetyenziswayo ngokusebenzisa iLift Price Inde. Ukongeza kwiindle zokuhlawula, iindleko zemali, iindleko zemali ehlawulwayondla, kunye neemali ezithenjiweyo, kunye neemali zemali ezithenjiweyo, kunye neemali ezihlawulwa yimali yemali ehlawulwayo, kunye neemali zemali ezithenjiko, ezihlawulwayo, kunye neemali ezithe ezihlawulwayo, ezi

Ukhuseleko lokutya nolawulo

Izindlu zokutyela kufuneka zihambisane nemithetho yesebe lezempilo kunye nemigaqo yesebe lengingqi kunye nemigaqo karhulumente phantsi koMthetho we-Foood Safety Service Modertiation (FSMA). Oku kuquka ukugcina amaqondo okutya afanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukunqamleza, nokuzalisekisa izicwangciso zokulawula i-Aratical Expatial Control Intontoright (ICCCCP). Izikolo zikwanento yokwenza uhlolo lwexesha ngalinye ngamaziko emfundo ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imilinganiselo yokutya. Ukungaphumeleli kwemilinganiselo kusenokuphumela ekunciphiseni intengo okanye ukulahleka kwenkqubo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukucinezeleka kokutya okunxulumene nokutya okunxulumene nezidlo zasemini ezinxulumene nezidlo ezinxulumene nezidlo ezithenjiweyo zibangela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo oluqinile kunye nokulandelene, ngokukodwa ukuveliswa komthombo olutsha olutshayo.

Ungquzulwano lomgangatho kaRhulumente: Indlela iPricies yasekuhlaleni elungisa ngayo isikhokelo somanyano

Inyathelo lokuqhuba ifama-iSikolo kunye neMidlalo yoLongfo

Ngelixesha urhulumente worhulumente emisela isiseko somhlaba, uchaza ukuba kukhululeke kakhulu ukungenisa. Enye yeenyathelo ezithandwayo ngurhulumente yile iFormar-tool intshukumo, ekhuthaza izikolo ukuba zithenge ukutya kubalimi nabenzi be-fama. Ngonyaka wama-2023, amazwe angaphezu kwama-40 amisele umthetho okanye asungule iinkqubo zokuxhasa ifama ukuya kwimisebenzi yasesikoleni. Ezi nkqubo zingathatha uhlobo lwe "Harvest yenyanga" ukunyuselwa, imisebenzi yesikolo yesikolo, okanye ukuthenga ngqo izivumelwano zemali namafama akufuphi. Umzekelo, iKhalifoni i-FORD [FF:] i-Forrows kuM Programma yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yezefama.

Imfundo Yokondleka Nokudityaniswa Kwenkqubo

Amatyala amaninzi athi izikolo ziquka imfundo yesondlo njengenxalenye yoqeqesho lwezonyango okanye lwenzululwazi. Umzekelo, i-Oregon ifuna ukuba abafundi abakwizifundo zeminyaka yeK-12 bafumane imfundo elungeleleneyo yendlela yokutya, ukhuseleko lokutya, neengenelo zokusebenza umzimba. Amanye amaphondo, njenge New York, aye afuna ukuba imfundo yezondlo zidityaniswe kwinkqubo yokutya kwesikolo ngokwayo, njengakwiziganeko zokungcamla okanye imiboniso yokupheka. Le migudu inceda abafundi bakhulise ulwazi nobuchule bokwenza ukhetho olusempilweni esikolweni nasekhaya.

Enye indlela yokutya kunye nokufumana iindawo zokutyela

Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ikwaphembelela uludwe lwezinto zokutya ezikhoyo. IKhalifoniya neNew York bezizinkokeli ekukhuthazeni iimenu ezisekelwe kwizityalo neziquka inkcubeko. Ngo-2019, isiXeko saseNew York saba sisithili sokuqala esikhulu sokuzalisekisa "Umvulo ongenanto" kuzo zonke izikolo zikawonke-wonke, inkqubo exhaswe kukungafumani mdla karhulumente. Ngokufanayo, inani elandayo lamazwe afuna izikolo zinike ingcakazo okanye iinketho ezikhethekileyo, ezibonisa zombini izicwangciso zokutya kunye neenkcubeko zonqulo.

Iingxaki Ezingapheliyo Zokufumana Iinkqubo Zesikolo Zokutya

Inkcitho yemali nexabiso

Phezu kwayo nje inkxaso karhulumente, amasebe amaninzi ezondlobongela ezikolweni asebenza ngokubomvu. Uhlolisiso lweSikolo sokutya lufumanise ukuba malunga nama-80% eenkqubo zokutya kwesikolo achaza iimali ezisilela ngokwemali, ngokunyuka kwexabiso lokutya, imivuzo yokusebenza, kunye nokungahlawulwa kweendleko ezithi zichazwe njengeentloko zomqhubi. Xa uqingqo-mali luqinile, izikolo zisenokujika zibe nokutya okuncinane, okulungelelanisiweyo okulingana nemilinganiselo encinane yokondla umzimba kodwa okungenamdla nokutsalo. Ucelomngeni luyenyuka ngenxa yentengo yokuhlawula imali esoloko ihamba emva kwemali ekhoyo, inyanzelela ukuba imimandla inyuse intengo yemali yokuhlawula abafundi okanye ukuhlahlela ipetroli okanye ukunyuka kwezixhobo ezinyuka.

Ukutya Okulahlwayo: Ingxaki Yenkqubo

Iindawo zokutyela zivelisa inkunkuma eninzi yokutya, ukusuka kwizinto ezingadliwanga, kwitreyi yabafundi nakuphuhliso olugqithisileyo ekhitshini. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba i-30% ukuya ku-50% yokutya konke okunikelwa ezikolweni kulahlwa. Iimeko ezininzi zifak'enza le ngxaki: izihlandlo zesidlo sasemini ezifutshane ezinganiki abafundi ixesha elaneleyo lokudla; ucwangciso olungqongqo lokuba kunyanzeliswe ukutya kwangoko okanye emva kwexesha ekhithileyo; kunye nezinto zemenu abafundi abafumana zingahliswanga zizinto zokulahlwa, ingakumbi iziqhamo nemifunothi efunekayo ezisetyenziswayo. Ukuphendula, ezinye izikolo ziye zavelisa iitafile" iitafile ezilungiselelwe ukubonelela ukuditya okunga, okanye iinkqubo zokulungisa iiprojekthi ezithenjiweyo, kodwa azinazo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye azinazo ezisetyenziswa kwimiqatha enye iprojeksi.[5]

Imithwalo eqokelelwayo kunye nobuchule bolawulo

Ukumisela iimfuno ezilayishwayo zesizwe, urhulumente, kunye nemigaqo yasekuhlaleni kulucelomngeni olubalulekileyo kubalawuli besikolo. I-USDA ifuna ukugcinwa kwengxelo yezokudla, uqinisekiso kunye noxwebhu lwemenu. Izikolo kufuneka zivumelane ne- i-Commonity Eligitivity (I-CEP) [i-FLT:1], evumela izikolo eziphezulu ezigcina imvume yokutya ngaphandle kokuqokelela iinkqubo ezithile zolawulo, inkqubo enciphisa umthwalo wolawulo kodwa enzima ukulungiselela kakuhle. Kwimimandla emincinane okanye esemaphandleni enemibutho elinganiselweyo, amaphepha kunye noqeqesho olufunekayo lungakhuthangangeni, maxa kunokuthi kukhokelele kwizikolo eziphezulu ezingekho ngeniso kunye nezipho zemali.

Ulwalathiso Nemikhwa Eza Kuvela Kwixesha Elizayo

Imenyu Ezomelezayo Nemozulu

Ukulondolozwa kwendawo engqongileyo kuya kuba lucwangciso olubalulekileyo ekucebeni isikolo. Ezinye izithili zithatha iimenu "ezingabahlobo" ezigxininisa iiproteni ezisekelwe kwizityalo, ukuncitshiswa kwenyama ebomvu, kunye nokubekwa kwakhona kwezinto ezisemgangathweni kwindawo ezikhoyo. I-USDA'''''''''''''''''''''''' imoused nentsebenziswano yezenter Service Action Plan's[[FLT]'''' [FLT]] iquka izibophelelo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu ebangelwa yigesi ephuma kwiinkqubo zesikolo zokutya, nangona imiyalelo ethile isaphuhliswa. Izikolo zikwafuna iindlela zokucutha inkunkuma ekwindawo entle, njengokusebenzisa iitreyiti nezitya ezisetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nenkozokudla kwi-ompostates kwimeko-menti.

Uqhagamshelwano lobuxhakaxhaka: Ukusuka ekuyaleni ukuya kwizixhobo eziziitoli

Ubuxhakaxhaka bulungele ukutshintsha indlela iinkqubo zezondla zesikolo ezisebenza ngayo. Iinkqubo ze-intanethi zomyalelo zivumela abafundi ukuba bakhethe ukutya okukhethiweyo, banciphise inkunkuma kunye nemveliso yokuqukumbela ikhitshi. Iinkqubo zekhofi-yomtapo ezidityanisiweyo ezinogcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo oluncedisayo ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutya ngexesha lokwenene. Ii-data ezidaywayo ziyakwazi ukuchaza izinto ezithandwayo nezingathandwayo zemenyu, ezenza utshintsho lwemenyu olusekelwe kwizinto ezikhethwa ngumfundi. Ezinye isithili zizama ngobuchule bokuyila ukuqikelela nokugcina izinto ezifunekayo, ezinokucuthamba inkunkuma ngo-20% okanye ngaphezulu. Kodwa, ukunyuka kwexabiso le-projectivestion zihlala ngumqobo, ngokukodwa kungaphantsi kwemidangadithanga.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kuluntu Nezo Zidlo Zehlabathi Lonke

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sanyusa intsingiselo yokutya kwesikolo okukhululekileyo jikelele, njengokuba abarhwebi bexeshana bevumela izikolo ukuba zinike izidlo ngaphandle kwexabiso kubo bonke abafundi kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafumana ingeniso. Ngelixesha ezo zikhephe ziphelelwa lixesha ngo-2022, amazwe aliqela (kuquka iCalifornia, i-Maine, iColorado, neMinnesota) zidlulise umthetho owenza ukuba izidlo zesikolo zihlale zihleli. Le nkqubo iphelisa ihlazo elinxulumene neenkqubo zesidlo sasemini esikhululekileyo, ukuqukuqela okungaxhomekekanga kwingeniso yentsapho. Ubungqina bakuqala obufana nobufana nomkhosi waseCalifornia bubonisa ukuthatha inxaxheba ekutyeni ukutya okuncinane. Uhambo oluya kwizinto zendalo lumele lukhule, ngokukhuthaza ukuba ukufikelela ekutyeni okunesondlo kuxhomekeke ekufumaneni kwemali ephumayo.

Isiphelo

Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente karhulumente kurhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nomgangatho wasekuhlaleni ulolonga iinkqubo zesikolo zesidlo sasemini ezinceda amashumi ezigidi zabantwana baseMelika suku ngalunye. Ukusukela kumthetho weSikolo seSizwe saseSiseko uLunch ka- 1946 ukuya kuMsebenzi wezezempilo ojoliswe kwiNyolo, iNyaleko-Sikhululo-Adkis Act ka-2010, umthetho karhulumente umise intabalala yezondlobozolo nenkqubo yokusebenza. Iinkqubo zikarhulumente zoko zidibanisa imiququluko yokutya, enoba ngenyathelo lokusebenza kwefama empuma ukuya kwisikolo, imiyalelo yemfundo yezondlobo, okanye iinkqubo zokutya jikelele. Kodwa iingxaki ezingapheliyo, inkunkuma, ukulahlwa kwemfuno yentabalala nokusetyenziswa kwentabalala kwentabalala yezondlobo-yondla, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi baqhubeke nokufumana ukutya, ukutyeba kuyimfuneko koncedo, nokufumana iziphumo ezifunekayo, ukutyeba, ukutyeba, nokutyeba, ukutyeba, ukutyeba, ukutyeba okufanelekileyo, nokutyeba okufanelekileyo,

[[UMTL] izibonelelo ze-External: