Isiseko Sokuziphatha Okufanelekileyo Kwamanzi Asedolophini Ukuze Uchacha

Imigaqo-nkqubo yamanzi yasemadolobheni iphakathi kwezona zixhathiso zinamandla ezinokutsala ukuze kubuyiselwe indalo yasekuhlaleni. Njengoko iindawo zasedolobheni zisanda, ulawulo lwamanzi esiphango, amanzi amdaka, kunye namanzi okusela imisela ngqo ukuba imilambo iba ziindawo zokusindisa ubomi okanye imimandla efileyo, nokuba amaxhama ahlala ahlala okanye ayanyamalala, nokuba iziqithingi ezishushu zasedolophini ziyakhula okanye ziyancipha. Imigaqo yamanzi esebenzayo yenza okuninzi kunokuthintela imikhukula nokuphatha inkunkuma engcolileyo — ilungisa ngokucwangcisa ugcino-marikezo, imithetho esetyenziswa emhlabeni, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu ezisetyenziswa yindalo, izixeko zingaguqula iindawo ezikhonkceze indawo zemiqheke, intlanzi, izityalo, nezityalo zomthonya-makhwekhwe. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela inkqubo yokulungisa indalo esetyenziswa ngamanzi aphambili kwesodolophu kwihlabathi jikelele.

Indima ephambili yolawulo lwamanzi asedolophini kwimpilo ye-Ecosystem

Ukuhlaliswa kwenqanawa kutshintsha umjikelo wamanzi. Imiphandle ekwindlela, amaphahla, kunye nendawo yokupaka imoto ithintela amanzi emvula angamanzi angena emhlabeni. Endaweni yoko, ukuphuma kwemisinga empompoza amanzi egutyungelweyo, ithwala izinto ezingcolisayo — i-oyile yentsimbi, isichumiso, kunye nenkunkuma yesilwanyana esinzima — ngqo kwimilambo, amachibi, namanzi aselwandle. Le ikhupha amanzi amnyama eenqanawa emanzini [ ikhukula imisinga ejikeleza amanzi, ikhupha imijelo yemizi ehlala emanzini, ikhupha imifutho yemifuthe ebulala iintlobo ezibuhlungu. Ngelinye ixesha, inkqubo yokungcola edityaniweyo isenokuna xa kunemvula enkulu, ikhupha amanzi angacocekiyo, i-oklova ebangela ukuxhasa indalo.

Kodwa ulawulo lwamanzi asedolophini alutshabalalisi ngokwemvelo. Xa iinkqubo zishiywe ukusuka ku zize zilahle” ukuya "ukugcina nokubuyisela,” amadolobha aba ngabaphathi kunabatshabali bendalo. Umzekelo, kufuna ukuba inkqubela-phambili entsha ilawule zonke iimvula ngokusebenzisa izitya zokunyibilikisa okanye ukugawula amanzi emvula zinokulingisa ukukhuliswa kwe-hydrology. I-polices ezigunyazisa ukukhutshwa komda womda zithintela ukunyuka kumacala amanzi, zivumela izityalo ukuba ziphumele ngaphandle kwemijelo nomthunzi. Kwaye xa uphazanyiso lwe-ozareyidizareyidie. — I-magnea efileyo

INkqubo yokusingqongileyo yeZizwe (UNEP) iqikelela ukuba ixabiso lemekobume zamanzi zasedolobheni lihamba kwizigidi zezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka xa izilwanyana zilahlekile, ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi, kunye nokhukuliso lomkhukula lubalelwa [ [iimvelaphi]. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuveliswa kwamanzi asekelwe kwindalo kungavelisa ukubuya kwexabiso elingu 5 ukuya kwi15 amaxesha okuqala ngexabiso lokuthintelwa nomgangatho wobomi.

Ikhonkco Leenqanawa Zamanzi Phakathi Komgaqo - siseko Nendawo Ohlala Kuyo

Ithontsi ngalinye lamanzi eliwela kwisixeko lithuba. Ukuba lilawulwa kakubi, liba lihlasimlis ’ umzimba. Ukuba lilawulwa ngobulumko, libuyisela amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ligcina umsinga osezantsi, lixhasa izityalo ze-otland. Iinkqubo zamanzi zase-Urban ezimisela uphuhliso oluncinci [ kunye [FLT] ne [FLT] uhlaza olunezikhukula olunezinzo oluphezulu oluphezulu olukwimibhobho okanye olugcina i-enjini ezinomphunga ezixhomekeke kwi-DSDSD. Umzekelo, imigaqo efuna umgangatho ohambayo ehambayo ehamba kwindawo apho kumisa khona i-mastive ihlisa umthamo kwaye ihluza ngaphandle komjelo. Ngokunjalo, imithetho ekhusela amanzi entloko kwimibhobhobho edadayo okanye agcinwe kwimi yendalo exhomekeke kwi-mibhobhobho efumaneka kwi-mi.

Iziteksi ezingundoqo zolungiso lwenkqubo ye-Ecosystem

Ukulungisa indalo ngokunempumelelo ngomgaqo wamanzi asedolophini akuyongozi. Ivela kwicebo elidityanisiweyo elisebenza kwimilinganiselo emininzi — ukusuka kwizinto zokwakha ezikhoyo ukuya kwizixhobo ezikhutshwayo. Ngasezantsi zizona zisebenzayo ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje.

1. Izibonelelo eziluhlaza

Izibonelelo eziluhlaza zibhekiselele nayiphina inkqubo esebenzisa uhlaza, umhlaba, kunye neenkqubo zendalo ukulawula amanzi apho ewela khona. Oku kuquka imiyezo yemvula, i-bioswales, uphahla oluluhlaza, iindawo ezithe tyaba, kunye neendawo ezinomphantsi othe tyaba.

  • Intengo yezemali ye-asitha yoncedo: abanini-mpahla abafaka izibonelelo eziluhlaza ezihlawula imali ephantsi ngokubhekiselele kubungakanani bendawo abangathanga ngqikeleliyo abafakela kuyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukubeka ngaphezulu izalathiso: Ukufuna ipesenti encinci yenxuwa ukuba ihlale ikhatshwa okanye iquke unyango lwamanzi esichotho.
  • Ikhowudi yokwakha uhlaziyo: itshibiliza uphahla oluluhlaza kwizakhiwo ezintsha ezinkulu okanye ifuna ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula ukuze kunkcenkceshelwe umhlaba.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iinkqubo zekomkhulu leMunicipal: ngokuthe ngqo ukufaka izinto eziphilayo ezikwizitrato kwaye zifanele iipaki zikawonke wonke zokuthatha amanzi oqhwithela.

Isixeko se Filadelphia, Pennsylvania, inika umzekelo ophawulekayo. IsiXeko sayo, iGreen, iGadi Ecocekileyo isebenzisa iprojekti eluhlaza ukuthatha i 85% yamanzi akhutshwayo ukusuka kwiindawo ezingangenwanga. Ngokutshintsha i-gray poppy ngemiyezo yemvula kunye neendawo ezihambayo, inkqubo ayithobi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwemichiza kodwa yenza neendawo zokuhlala iintyambo zeentaka kunye nemifuno. Umphumo yimali egcinwe ngonyaka [[[FLT:] i-$2] izigidi [[3] ngokuthelekiswa nokusondela komjelo wendlela, inkqubo ayithonga kuphela [FFFF]]] [FLT]]

2. Imithetho yobunjani bamanzi eqhuba ukubuyiselwa

Umgangatho wamanzi akwimitya esezantsi uluphawu olunamandla lokubuyisela indalo. Ngaphantsi [kuMthetho wamanzi acocekileyo eUnited States, ubuninzi bemithwalo yemihla ngemihla (TMDLs) yokungcola okufana nenkcenkce, i-phosphorus, okanye amandla entsholongwane alawula uthotho lokunciphisa ungcoliso lwamanzi olwesihlaza kunye namanzi amdaka. Ngaphantsi kwempendulo, amadolobha asoloko amkela iinkqubo zokubuyisela indawo yokuhlala ezonakeleyo. Umzekelo, i-Attleattle’s i-Cutzastrust Infrature Planture Progracture [[[[FLTD:3]] yaqhutywa yimfuneko yokudibana nezibetho ze-TDLCS. Ngoku isixeko sifuna yonke inkqubela entsha ukuze silungise i-enjini yokuqala yemvula esebenzisa ii-enjini zemvula, imifulmo ehlayo ehlazinziswe kunye ne-ediyo.

Ngehlabathi, i- ye-Eupan Union igunyazisa ukuba onke amanzi angaphezulu aphumele “imeko entle yendalo." Le nkqubo ishukumisele amazwe ukuba afumane [iFLT:2] amadama, ngokuphinda-phindeneyo, kunye nokulungisa amanxweme edolophini. ECopenhagen, eDenmark, isicwangciso sobuchule bemozulu sidibanisa iinjongo ezisemgangathweni wokulungisa ipaki, kudala umnatha wemibhobho exhasa ii-Graneya kunye neenwele zeenswitshi ngexesha lombane.

3. Ingingqi yethafa nelaseRiparian

Imimandla yendalo ziintso, zihluza izinto ezingcolisayo kunye nokunika indawo yokuhlala enzima. Kodwa iindawo ezihlala ezihlala amakhaya ziyaqhubeka zikhutshwa okanye zigcwaliswe ukuze ziphuhliswe. Iinkqubo ezinamandla ezikhetha ukwakhiwa kwemimandla engqonge ixhaphozi, zifuna imiqobo kwimisinga yemisinga, kwaye intsebenziswa yi-incentivive wetutland ibalulekile. Amanye amadolobha, njenga Austin, Texas, iye yadala [[FLT:]] Ubunjani Bezimnawater Bokugcina izithuba [ ifuna izigcini ezitheliswayo ezihambayo ezikufuphi namanzi. Ezi zikhuselwayo, ezivumela izityalo ezikhulayo, ezithi zivumela iinteleka, kunye neziphumo ezithi ze-RGOD: [5]

Ngokufanayo, imo yemiqathango yogcino-mali iinkqubo zifuna abaphuhlisi abatshabalalisa ithambeka ukuze balungise okanye benze indawo emanzi eninzi kwenye indawo. Ngelixesha kuthandatyuzwayo ukuba imimandla egutyulayo ebuyisela indawo engqongileyo ayingqinelani, iinkqubo zokulungisa ezilawulwa kakuhle zikhokelele ekubuyiselweni kwamawaka eehektare zeendawo ezingcolileyo ezisezixesheni njenga [FLT]Cicago kunye [FLT: 4.] i-Litos Angeles.

Ukuphinda kukhuhle amahlathi edolophini ngakwindlela zamanzi

Umphetho wemithi udlala indima enkulu kulawulo lwamanzi asedolophini. Izithintelo zithintela imvula, iingcambu zifunxa ukufuma kunye nokuzinzisa umhlaba, kunye nomthunzi uthoba amaqondo obushushu amanzi — abalulekileyo kwintlanzi yamanzi abandayo njenge-traut. I-policies ekhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwemithi ye-i-injini. I-piliparian iquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Amasiko okulondolozwa kwemithi yemithi akhusela imithi emikhulu kufutshane nemisinga.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imiyalelo yokukhuhla amahlathi kulwahlulo olutsha olufuna inani elithile lemithi etyalwe kumgangatho osisikwere kwindawo engangenwa yiyo.
  • Icandelo lenqanawa elinengeniso engekho mgangathweni ukutyala amawaka emithi kufutshane nemilambo yasedolophini.

Inyathelo le-[FLT] Imithi ye-NYC , ngelixesha ekuqaleni ijoliswe kumgangatho womoya kunye nobushushu, ikwavelisa iinzuzo zamanzi obushushu. Iinkqubo zomzi zalathisela ukutyala kummandla ogqunywe ngomphezulu osezantsi nakufutshane nemithombo ephantsi koqhwithela, zikhupha iilitha ezili-100 lezigidi zokuphuma. Emininzi yaloo mithi yayityalwa kwipaki kufutshane nemilambo yeBronx neHarlem, ukubuyisela indawo yokuhlala yempuma yemithi, amabhabhatha, amabhabhatha, kunye neebhanki.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Izenzo Zezenzo Ehlabathini Lonke

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ibonisa indlela imigaqo-nkqubo yamanzi adityanisiweyo yasedolophini edala ngayo ukubuyiselwa okubonakalayo kwemekobume yendalo. Ngasezantsi kukho izixeko ezintathu eziye zafumana iziphumo eziphawulekayo.

ISingapore: Inkqubo YeABC Yamanzi

Imithetho yeSingapore ifuna zonke inkqubela-phambili ezintsha zokudibanisa ukugada amanzi emvula nokuvalelwa kwenqanawa ecocekileyo ngexesha lokuguqula imijelo ekhoyo ibe yimijelo ehlala abantu. [[F][5] [F]]

Portland, Oregon: Green Streets and the Waterty Health

Inkqubo yePortland udweliso lwezitrato eziluhlaza yimodeli yesizwe ekusebenziseni inkqubo yokubuyisela idolophana eziphelisekileyo. Umthetho wesixeko ufuna ukuba zonke inkqubela-phambili ziquke ulwandiso lwemijelo yemvula — imibhobho ekhoyo ekhupha endleleni. Ngaphezu kwamawaka angamashumi amabini anamashumi amabini anamashumi amahlanu lala zakhiwo ngoku, ukongeza iihektare ezingama-50 zendawo entsha yokuthutha umthutho phakathi kwesixeko. Inkqubo ithoba idibanise ithe ukukhutshwa kwemifuthe yemifuthe ngo-90% nangaphi nako kunyuswa abemi be [FLT:] abancinane abathiweyo [[FLT] ukhuthulo oluphumayo [[FLT] kuhlando lwamanzi oluthe ngqo, kunye nokusetyenziswa komjelo othe ngqo.

IBelo Driyonte, eBrazil: Ulawulo oludityanisiweyo lwamanzi agudisiweyo

Kwindawo ebanzi ekwidolophu ebanzi emazantsi, iBelo Horinte iye yavelisa iinkqubo ezidibanisa ulawulo lwamanzi kwindawo yamahlathi. I-Progretive Water Policy (Política Municipal de Sanemento)[ ifuna abaphuhlisi ukuhlawula kwingxowa yemali yokubuyisela amanzi athengiselwayo esixeko. Oku kubangele ukubuyiselwa kwe-Atlantic Forests eAtlantic encards kunye noMfuleni iVelhas. Inkqubo inika uncedo lobugcisa ekuvuniseni amanzi aphantsi kwemida ephantsi, ukunciphisa amanzi ahamba kunye nokuphucula amanzi amanzi. Uvavanyo lwezibharbharzi ezikhoyo ngoku zidibaniswe kwintlobo zezilwanyana ezidityani ezidityaniyo [Flurst] [5] kunye nee-Foglet]: [FFFogtal]

Indima Yezaqhwithi Zasemanzini Neematshini Zokuxhasa

Ayikho imigaqo engasentla engakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuxhaswa ngemali. Iidolophu ezininzi zifumene iimali zenkxaso-mali eluncedo yamanzi [[FLT: 1] ezithi zinike abanini-mpahla ngokusekelwe kwindawo engangeni manzi yempahla yabo. Le mali ivelisa imibhobho enikezelweyo yengeniso ukwenzela iprojekti yokubuyisela indalo. [[FLT:]] [[FLT:] D.C., inkqubo yoMfula inika abanini bezindlu ii-eboardssss beboardss, amaphahla aluhlaza, namaqula, axhaswe ngumrhumo wesi. Inkqubo ibuyiselwe i-ehektare ezingama-30 zokuhlala ngaphaya kwesithilithi [FLT:] [FFF]

Enye ingeniso etshayelelweyo iquka intengiso yamatyala aselwandle, apho abaphuhlisi benokuthenga khona iityala kumnini-mhlaba obuyisela indawo emanzi okanye izigcini-sango ezitshayelelayo. Le ndlela yezorhwebo esekelwe kwingeniso yafakelwa kwi iBaltimore County, Maryland, apho imakethe elungeleleneyo ixhasa ukubuyiselwa kweehektare ezingama-500 zeendawo ezingamanzi ngelixa lisavumela uphuhliso. Le migaqo yezoqoqosho idibanisa izikhuthazo zemeko-bume, ingqina ukuba ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo akufuneki ukuba kube yimali kawonke. — Imali eluncedo.

Ukoyisa Ucelomngeni: Ukuthanda Kwezobupolitika, Umanyano Nokungacalulani

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo eziqinisekisiweyo, ukuzalisekisa inkqubo yokukhulula indalo ijongene nemiqobo yokwenyani. [[FLT: 0] Imiqobo enqandayo isoloko ikhankanyiwe, kodwa njengemizekelo engasentla, iindleko zamanzi oqhwithela kunye nenkqubo yorhwebo zingasombulula oku. Iingxaki ezininzi ezingalawulekiyo ziquka:

  • [[NKQUBO:0] Ukwahlulwa-hlulwa komgaqo-siseko:[ ubunjani bamanzi, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, kunye namasebe epaki asoloko esebenza kwisilos. Iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zifuna ukudityaniswa komzimba okanye amandla omsebenzi ophakathi. Ezinye izixeko, ezifana i-Kos Angeles, zidale iSiphekethi solawulo esiphelisiwe [] kwimidatha yebhulo.
  • Ukuxhathisa kwe-Public kwisiseko esiluhlaza: Abanye abemi baxhalatyiswa kukuba imiyezo yemvula ayibukeki okanye iyazala iingcongconi. Iinkqubo zokufumana ezisebenzayo — njenge “amatheko okufaka iplanga” — zibonisa ukuba izibonelelo ezinxineneyo eziluhlaza zinomtsalane kwaye zinciphisa indawo yokuhlala ngokususa amanzi okumisa (amanzi afunxwa ngeyure ezingama-24).
  • Inkxalabo ezithe ngqo: ngokwembali, ingingqi ezityebileyo zifumene utyalo-mali oluluhlaza oluninzi. I-Pricies kufuneka icwangcise ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi koluntu olugciniweyo olufumana ukhukula nokungabikho konikezelo lwepaki. Luluhlaza olune-Freat Framework olusetyenziswa sisiXeko saseNew York iqinisekisa ukuba amacala akwimibhobhobho ephezulu kunye nemithi ephantsi afumana unikezelo lokuqala lokuxhasa i-bioswales kunye nepaki.
  • Ukungaqiniseki okungaqinisekiyo: iinkqubo zokuyila iipateni zemvula zexesha elizayo kunzima. Okona kuqheliso lungcono kukwamkela imilinganiselo ethambileyo evumela ulawulo olulungelelanisayo, efana nokufuna ukuba iinkqubo zengqameko eluhlaza zihlangabezane nesiganeko soqhwithela se-95-phesenti, kunye nokuqukunjelwa kwakhona kwamaxesha athile.

Umanyano loluntu lungumsonto odibanisa zonke iinkqubo zempumelelo. Amadolobha angenisa [[FLT: 0] ummi onamaza amakhulu eebhodi ze-atrupwiter, abamba aske arrepes kwimisebenzi yepaki, kwaye anikezela iplani yeplani-mthi-yaphukileyo [] ikhuthaza inkxaso kawonke-wonke efunekayo ukuxhasa inkxaso kunye novutho lwezopolitiko. Umzekelo, Myukeee ka-Freauk" inkqubo yocwangciso lwe-Fortgards[FLD [FLT:]] izikolo ze-volunteer profiles ezifumana iiprojekthi ezigcina iidiso, ngexesha lokwakhiwa ngalo misebenzi ehlaza ekwayinje.

Ukufuduswa komgaqo-nkqubo wamanzi ozibekele ugcino-mali lwasedolobheni

I-Ecocomsystem yolungiso lwamanzi ayenzekanga ngokwahlukana. Ezona zixeko ziphumelelayo ziphucula le migudu phakathi ekucebeni, iindlela zezinto eziphilayo, kunye namanyathelo oluntu okulungisa i-. Imigaqo edala iipaseji eziluhlaza zamanzi ashushu e-injini inciphisa iziphumo zeziqithi ze-dolophu, iphucula impilo yengqondo ngokufikelela kwindalo, kunye ne-sequester carbon ezweni nasemithini. iVancur, Canada, inendlela yokulungisa i-injini ye-injini eluhlaza ye-omatilotry [[FLT:]] idibanisa inkqubo yokufikelela kwindalo, kunye ne-e-ethematilo-mes. [i-200]

Ngokufanayo, iBhanki yehlabathi yeNkqubo yeSixeko soKhuselo abaxhasi be [FLT:] izisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-(NFLT) kulawulo lwamanzi asedolophini, inika ukhokelo lobugcisa lwabenzi benkqubo ukuba bafake i-co-benoficing njengekhuselo lokhuselo, ubunjani bamanzi, nomgangatho wezinto ngentlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo ( [World Bank). Abenzi bomthetho bangasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana iNTACalcts[FL:] [FLT]] [ult:7]

Isiphelo: Ukususela Kumgaqo - siseko Ukusa Kumanzi Aphilileyo

Iinkqubo zamanzi asedolophini azibhekisi nje kwimibhobho nezityalo zonyango — zizixhobo zokunyanga indalo ephithikileyo. Xa izixeko zibophelele kwizakhiwo eziluhlaza, zikhusela imimandla esezantsi, zinyanzelisa imigangatho yamanzi, kwaye zixhasa ukubuyiselwa kwemali yokunikezelwa kwamanzi, ziguqula imekobume yedolophu ibe yindawo entle yamanzi aphilayo. Iintlanzi zibuyela kwimijelo eyayihlala ingenaziduli. Iintaka zihlala kwimihlambi yemvula ezikwizitrato eziphithi. Izindlu zemvula zingena kungcoliseko ngelivalvel. Yaye abahlali bafumana umoya ococekileyo, ihlobo olupholileyo, neendawo zokunxibelelana nendalo.

Indlela engaphambili ifuna inkalipho yezobupolitika, intsebenziswano enqamlezayo, kunye notyalo-mali oluqhubekayo. Kodwa ubungqina bucacile: Idola ngalinye elichithwa kwiinkqubo zokuhlaziya indalo ezisebenzisa amanzi libuyisela iidola ezininzi ekuphepheni iintlekele, impilo ephucukileyo, kunye nokulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo. Izixeko ezisebenzisa le nkqubo namhlanje ziza kuba zeziphumelelayo kwimekobume, ngokwezoqoqosho, nangokwentlalo kumashumi eminyaka azayo. Amanzi angenayo kwizitrato zethu awalahlwanga monakalo — yimveliso engalungiswanga.