Ukubuyisela iMimandla yoLawulo ePhakamileyo: Engasayi-Konsituni

Xa sicinga ngedemokhrasi yale mihla, sidla ngokubona iinkqubo zolawulo-bume zisekwe kulawulo oluqhelekileyo, ngokwahlula amagunya, kunye nomgaqo-siseko oqulunqiweyo. Kodwa iqaqo lamazwe alichasa olu lungiselelo, lusebenza njengeemodeli ezipheleleyo okanye ezingezozozoburhulumente ngexesha lisasebenzisana neenkqubo zedemokhrasi. Le mikhosi .[1] Ngamaxesha athile ibizwa ngokuba “zizikumkani ezilawulwayo ezilawulwayo zolawulo lobukhosi oluphezulu, ngokungalawulwa lulawulo lwemithetho-siseko ebhaliweyo okanye ulawulo lwentlalo. Kude nolawulo lwesizwe olusemthethweni. Kude kube koko, iqhelene ngokuhlala kunye neendlu zowiso zolawulo, iibhunganiso, kunye neziko lomthetho-omatilophu. Ukuqonda indlela angenaburhulumente olawulayo afuna ngayo ukusondelana kwimisebenzi yedemokhrasi, iingcambu yembali, ii-gracrati, neengcambu ezizi zemeko zembali ezizi.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa isakhiwo solawulo lwemonarchy olungelulo urhulumente, iqondo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi abalivumelayo, uzinzo abathi bayalunika, kunye noxinezeleko oluvelayo xa isithethe soomatiloshe sihlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wedemokhrasi wehlabathi lonke.

Yintoni Igunya Elingengobupolisa?

Kulawulo olungekho semthethweni olungolawulo lolawulo olumanyeneyo, olubizwa ngokuba yimonarchy epheleleyo, okanye naliphi na iqela elinyuliweyo elinokulawula izigqibo zokumkani. Umlawuli ufumana itrone njengefa ngomgca welifa, iwiso-mthetho, kwaye usoloko egweba. Akukho xwebhu lwasemthethweni (isivumelwano) olumisela amandla obukumkani, okanye naliphi na iqela elinyuliweyo elinokuzilawula.

Qhaganisa oku nolawulo lomgaqo-siseko, njengoManyano-manyeneyo okanye iJapan, apho umlawuli esebenza njengentloko yesithethe yorhulumente ngoxa enyulwa amagosa esebenzisa igunya lokwenene lezobupolitika phantsi komgaqo-siseko obhaliweyo okanye ongabhalwanga. Kulawulo lwezoburhulumente olungekho semthethweni, umlawuli uhlala engu-' i-'dipoice' kunye no-de jure' javre', usoloko emisela abalungiseleli, abalawuli beebhungamela-mabhunga, kwaye elawula oovimba abangundoqo njengomkhosi kunye nemali yesizwe.

Namhlanje, eyona mizekelo ibalaseleyo iquka iSaudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman (de kube lutshintsho lwakutshanje lweSultan), iQatar ne-Eswatini. Ngamnye kula mazwe udibene nemigangatho yedemokhrasi ekhethiweyo------ocess-ocealic, iindibano ezijongiweyo, okanye iijaji ezizimeleyo zejaji ezizimeleyo/kodwa imodelistia ithetha oko kuqulenzeko lonke ityala.

Imbali: Isizathu Sokuba Imikhosi Yamakhosi Iphele

Ukusinda kwemikhosi yoosomashishini engeyoyaburhulumente kwinkulungwane yama-21 akuyongozi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, olu lawulo lwavela kwisiseko sesizwe okanye sonqulo esaqala ngaphambi kwelizwe langoku-mazwe. Lo monarch usoloko ebonwa kungekuphela nje njengenkokeli yezopolitiko kodwa njengomongameli ongomfuziselo ongekhoyo ngezantsi. Ngokufuthi umgangatho wonqulo, njengakwimeko kaKumkani waseSaudi Arabia onesibizo esithi “Custodian of the Mibini Mosques." Le proving yegunya lemimoya nelee.

Ebudeni benkulungwane yama-20, ulawulo lwemonarchy olupheleleyo lwawa phantsi kwengcinezelo ebangelwa bubuthanga, imibutho yesizwe, okanye isiphithiphithi sezoqoqosho. Kodwa ezo zasindayo zakwenza oko ngokwamkela ngokukhetha izakhiwo zeli lizwe langoku, imigaqo esemthethweni, kwaye kwanepalamente (ngoxa igcina igunya lokumkani lokungenelela.) Le nto yinkqubo ebonakala iphantsi kwedemokhrasi kubantu bangaphandle kodwa ihlala ikho ngolawulo olungqongqo.

Ngokomzekelo, iSisike soMthetho weSaudi Arabia ka1992 isebenza njenge-quasi-constitution, kodwa ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba igunya loKumkani lisuka kwiQuran neSunnah, kwaye uhlala enelungelo lokumisela nokulichasa iBhunga labaPhathiswa. Ngokufanayo, umgaqo-siseko kaBrunei ka1995 wamiswa ngo1969 emva kwemvukelo, kwaye iSultan iye yalawula ngokomthetho ukususela ngoko, kungekho ndlu yowiso-mthetho enyuliweyo yokuvavanya izigqiso.

Izinto Zedemocratic Ezikhoyo Eburhulumenteni Obungengobalawuli

Nangona imonarchy epheleleyo inikela amandla kumntu omnye, abaninzi baye bavelisa iindlela ezivumela ukuba abantu bangenelele ngokusikelwe umda. La maziko anokuba zizivalo zokhuseleko, anike abemi ilizwi ngoxa ephepha naluphi na ucelomngeni lokwenyaniso lobungangamsha basebukhosini.

IBhunga loMbutho kunye neeNdibano eziCwangcisiweyo

Mhlawumbi owona msebenzi uqhelekileyo wolawulo-demokhrasi kula rhulumente libhunga elinyuliweyo okanye elinyuliweyo ngokuyinxenye. ESaudi Arabia, iBhunga Shura (iMajlis al-Shura) liquka amalungu ali- 150 amiselwe nguKumkani. Ibhunga lingamisela imithetho kunye nemibuzo yabalungiseleli, kodwa izigqibo zalo azibopheleli , kodwa uKumkani ugcina amandla eveto kwaye anokulicima ibhunga lithanda. Ngokufanayo, iBhunga le-Advisory (Malis al-Shura) liqululwe ngamalungu angama-45, abo banyuliweyo nangu-15, kodwa wonke umthetho ufuna ukuvunywa kwe-Emir.

E-Oman, emva kokufa kukaSultan Qobaos ngowama-2020, Sultan Haitam bin Tariq wavelisa utshintsho oluthe chatha, kuquka ukunika iBhunga loNcedo (Majlis al-Shura) amandla okubuza abalungiseleli nokumisela imithetho. Noko ke, iSultan ihlala iligunya elilawula imigaqo-mthetho.

Imithetho Ecetyiweyo Enamandla Alinganiselweyo

Ezinye izikhululo ze-monarchy ezipheleleyo zimisele iipalamente ezinyulwe ngokuyinxenye, nangona imisebenzi yazo inyanzelekile kakhulu. Umzekelo, iEswatini (eyayifudula iSwazini) inepalamente ye-bidamaral: Indlu yeNdibano inomalungu anyuliweyo angama-65 (idibanisa i-Athorney General kunye ne-10 emiselwe nguKumkani), kwaye iBhunga elinobuchule kakhulu. Ngoxa ipalamente ingathethana ngeendleko kwaye ivume uqingqo-mali, uKumkani angarhoxa kulo nawuphi na umthetho, ingqungquthela inyiswe, kwaye ulawulo lumiselwe nguKumkani kwaye usebenzela ulonwabo lwakhe.

EBrunei, iBhunga loMgaqo-siseko (Majlis Mesyuarat Negara) lavuselelwa ngo-2004 emva kokuthuthwa kwe-Slitan ngamashumi eminyaka, kodwa lihlala limiselwe liphela yiSultan. Lidibana ngamaxesha anqabileyo kwaye alinagunya lokusungula umthetho .Ithi ivume imimiselo yeSultan. Njengokuba omnye umqwalaseli waphawula, isebenza “njengesitempe esingunxantathu serabha” kunendlu yowiso yenene.

Iqela leenqanawa ezizimeleyo ezilawulayo ezilawula ulawulo lobukumkani

Uphawu lolawulo-demokhrasi lulawulo oluzimeleyo, kodwa kwiphondo elingelulo olulawulayo, umlawuli usoloko ehlala enamandla okumisela nokugxotha abagwebi, anikezele ukuxolelwa, kwanawokubhukuqa izigqibo zenkundla. ESaudi Arabia, inkqubo yokugweba isekelwe kumthetho weSharia, kwaye uKumkani usebenza njengenkundla epheleleyo yesibheno. Ngoxa abagwebi beqeqeshwa kwaye bezimele ngokwasemthethweni, uKumkani angakhupha imimiselo yasebukhosini elawula imithetho yezahlulelo.

EQatar, ijaji izimele ngokwayo, kodwa iEmir imisela bonke abagwebi kwaye iyakwazi ukubasusa. INkundla yezomGaqo-siseko, eyamiselwa ngo-2008, ihlola imithetho yokuthobela umgaqo-siseko (owawugqitywe ngowama-2004), kodwa amandla e-Emir abhalwe kumgaqo-siseko ngokwawo, isenza uhlolo olufuziselayo.

Unyulo oluthe rhoqo kumaqondo asezantsi esizwe

Enye indawo apho amanye amabhunga apheleleyo evumela ukubamba inxaxheba yedemokhrasi yokwenene kumasipala okanye kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, iSaudi Arabia yazisa unyulo lukamasipala ngo-2005, ivumela abemi ukuba bavote isiqingatha samalungu ebhunga likamasipala (elinye isiqingatha simisiwe). Noko ke, la mabhunga anegunya elilinganiselweyo kwiinkonzo zasekuhlaleni kwaye akukho lawulo lubanzi kwizigqibo zezoqoqosho okanye zezobupolitika. UTurnout uthobekile, kwaye amabhinqa afumana ilungelo lokuvota ngo-2015.

Ngokufanayo, uOman wenza unyulo lweBhunga Elijongana Neziqu zolawulo kumgangatho wolawulo, kodwa abo baza kubhaptizwa bamele bavunyelwe ngurhulumente, yaye amagunya ebhunga agunyazisa imvume.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Indlela Engalawulwa Ngayo Ngamagunya Amathathu Azimeleyo Alawula Idemokhrasi

ISaudi Arabia: Umzekelo Wolawulo Olupheleleyo Olunenkqubo Yanamhlanje

ISaudi Arabia isoloko ichazwa njengenkosi epheleleyo yehlabathi yokugqibela. UKumkani udibanisa iindima zentloko-ntloko yorhulumente, intloko karhulumente, umphathi-mikhosi (ukude kunyaka wama-2022), kunye nomphathi-mikhosi. Intsapho yasebukhosini, enani lamawaka, alawula iiofisi eziphezulu zikarhulumente, umkhosi, kunye nezoqoqosho. Nangona oku kugxininiswa kolawulo lwamandla ehlabathi, ubukumkani buye baqalisa ukuqhuba i-Rhovern Prince Mohammed Bin Salman (MBS). Umbono wama-2030 unenjongo yokunyusela uqoqosholo kwi-mali kwi-oli, kwaye utshintsho lwentlalo luquke amabhinqa ukuba aqhube aze anciphise amandla enkonzo yonqulo.

Kanti ezi nguqulelo aziyithobanga inkqubo. IBhunga leShura lihlala limiselwe, amabhunga kamasipala anegunya elilinganiselweyo, kwaye amaqela ezobupolitika awavumelekanga. Izixhobo zokhuseleko zikarhulumente ziqhekeka ngokuchasene nolwahlulo, njengoko kubonwa kunyaka ka-2018 ukubulawa kwentatheli uJamal Khashogi. Ngokwedemokratial Isalathisi ye-Ecompucial Intelligence Unity Unity Unity, iSaudi Arabia ihlelile njengenye yowona rhulumente wedemokhrasi. Izixhobo zokhuseleko ze-demokhrasi zibona utshintsho lwedemokhrasi njengesisongelo sokungamela ulawulo lwayo, njengoko umjelo womjelo wemi kungenelo ofana noomatilo [[FLT:]]

Brunei: Ulawulo Olupheleleyo LweSultan Phantsi KomGaqo-siseko Omisiweyo

Brunei ngumphathi oncinane, okwi-oyile-ngcungela kwisiqithi saseBorneo. Ngonyaka ka-2004, uSultan Hassanal Bolkia ulawula ukususela ngo1967 kwaye uphethe izibuko lomphathi-mikhosi, umlungiseleli wezokhuselo, umphathiswa wezezimali, kunye nomlungiseleli welizwe lasemzini. Umgaqo-siseko ka-19595 wamiswa emva kwemvukelo ngo-1962, kwaye iSultan iye yalawula ngomthetho wexesha likaxakeka ukususela ngo-19469. Ngonyaka, umgaqo-siseko omtsha wasungulwa, kodwa uqinisekisa umlawuli omkhulu we-Sultan kunye negunya lowiso-mthetho. IBhunga loMgaqo-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho umiselwe ngokupheleleyo, yaye akukho maqela ezobupolitika.

Inkqubo esemthethweni kaBrunei ngumxube womthetho wamaNgesi oqhelekileyo kunye nomthetho we-Sharia, kodwa i-Sultan ingasilawula nasiphi na isigqibo senkundla. Ngo-2019, uBrunei wasebenzisa umthetho ongqongqo wokugweba oquka ukufa ngokugibisela ukukrexeza nokunqunyulwa kwemiqathango, ukubhena kwehlabathi lonke. ISultan yakhusela ukuhamba njengenzaliseko yeemfuno zamaSilamsi, kwaye ikhowudi iyaqhubeka ukusebenza phezu kwayo nje idemodurameyum ekubulaweni. Umthetho opheleleyo ulawulo lwenkosi uvumela ezo mithetho ngaphandle kwepalamente okanye iingqi zokwahlulelo.

UEswatini: Umlawuli Wokugqibela WaseAfrika

UEswatini (wangaphambili wase Swaziland) ngukumkani opheleleyo eAfrika. UKumkani uMswati III, owayalela ngomthetho ngo 1986, umisela umthetho. Ilizwe linomgaqo-siseko owamkelwa ngo-2005, kodwa linika uKumkani igunya lokuququzelela: umisela umphathi-mikhosi, uninzi lwabaququzeleli, kwaye angawukhupha nawuphi na umthetho. Amaqela ezobupolitika ayavalwa ekubeni athathe inxaxheba kunyulo, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka bame njengabantu ngabanye. Indlu yeNdibano ingu 65 enyuliweyo amalungu angoonyuliweyo, kodwa anyulwa ngenkqubo yeenkosi zasekuhlaleni ekhupha imikhosi echasayo.

Ngo-2021, ingxwabangxwaba ye-pro-democracy yaqukunjelwa ngaphaya kwe-Eswatini, ifuna ukuba uKumkani ahle aze avumele unyulo oluninzi. Urhulumente waphendula ngogonyamelo olubulala abaqhankqalazi abaninzi. UKumkani uthembise utshintsho, kuquka ukuvula isithuba sezobupolitika, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ugcine ulawulo olupheleleyo. Imeko kaEswatini ibonisa ukuthomalalisa kwemixokelelwano ye-drojini: xa iimfuno zedemokhrasi zikhula ngamandla, ulawulo lwe-modemokhrasi lusoloko lusebenzisa amandla kunokuba i-protho.

Iingenelo ezithenjiweyo

Abaxhasi bathi imikhosi yemonarchy epheleleyo inika uzinzo, inkqubela, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezikhawulezileyo ezizama ukufikelela. Kumazwe anee-demokhrasi zobuhlanga, ubuhlanga, okanye amacandelo onqulo, umlawuli ongathathi cala angasebenza njengomanyeneyo ngaphezu kwengxabano edibeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukumkani wase Saudi Arabia, ubonwa njengomkhuseli wokholo lwamaSilamsi, hayi nje inkokeli yezobupolitika. Ngokufanayo, umlawuli kaBrunei ubandakanya umgangatho wesizwe we-Malaysi kunye noweSilam.

Enye impikiswano yeyokuba imonarchy epheleleyo ingazalisekisa utshintsho lwexesha elide ngaphandle kweziphazamiso zemijikelo yonyulo. Umbono weSaudi 2030, umzekelo, wenziwe njengecebo elineminyaka elili-15 eneenjongo ezicacileyo, kwaye i-modyuli iye yayiqhubela phambili nangona inkcaso yolawulo lwempumlo. Ngokwahlukileyo, oorhulumente bedemokhrasi kummandla (njengeLebhanon) basoloko beva ubunzima ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yokulwa kwelizwe.

Inkqubela yezoqoqosho kwezinye iindawo ezizimeleyo zolawulo lolawulo olupheleleyo iye yaqina, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yobutyebi be-oyile. Abemi bakaBrunei banandipha ukunyanyekelwa kwempilo okukhululekileyo, imfundo yamahhala (kuquka imfundo yamazwe aphesheya), kwaye akukho rhafu yengeniso yobuqu. ISaudi Arabia iye yachitha imali eninzi kwimibutho, ubugcisa, kunye nokuzonwabisa. Noko ke, ezi nzuzo zixhaswa ngokukhutshwa koovimba abazibonelelo lwedemokhrasi, hayi ukulawulwa yidemokhrasi, kwaye abagxeki babonisa ukuba bafikelela kwixabiso lamalungelo nenkululeko yezobupolitika.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

Uxanduva phakathi kwemithetho yemonarchy epheleleyo nemigaqo yedemokhrasi lubonakala. Abahlalutyi babalaselisa iingxaki eziliqela ezizingisileyo kolu lawulo:

  • Icala lobuninzi bezobupolitika: amaqela ezobupolitika ayavalwa okanye athintelwe ngokuqatha, kuthintelwe inkcaso elungelelanisiweyo. Ukhetho, xa lubanjwa, lusoloko lulawulwa okanye lusetyenziswa. Abami abanayo indlela esemthethweni yokuthatha indawo yokumkani okanye yentsapho elawulayo.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu: I-Censorship, ukuvalelwa ngomqathango, kunye nemiqathango ekwakungavunyelwani kwenkululeko yokuthetha, yokuhlanganisa, neyonqulo iqhelekile. Ikhowudi yeJamal Khashoggi yokubulala kunye neBrunei yesohlwayo yimizekelo egqithisileyo yendlela amandla anokusetyenziswa kakubi ngayo ngokupheleleyo.
  • Ukhuthuzo olunzima: ngaphandle kwendlela ecacileyo yomgaqo-siseko, ukulandelelana kungaba ngumthombo wokungazinzi. Ukufuduswa kolawulo kuKumkani Salman eSaudi Arabia ukuya kuBhona iBhodi iSalmad ibandakanya amanye amalungu e-intellion ekumkani, ekhokelela kwiyelenqe. EEswatini, iqhina lokumkani livelise uninzi lweendlalifa, ukudala ukungaqiniseki.
  • Ukungasebenzi kwemali: Ngelixesha ubutyebi be-oyile bugquma iingxaki, ulawulo olupheleleyo lusoloko lunengxaki yokungaqiniseki nokunganyaniseki ngenxa yokuba ukwenza izigqibo kuyinto emfiliba. IZibonisi zoLawulo lweBhanki yeWorld Compucance zibonisa ukuba la mazwe aphelelwa lizwi kwaye amele aphendule kakuhle, alawule umthetho, kwaye alawule ukonakala.
  • Ukungavumelani nokutshintsha: Kwaso kanye isakhiwo solawulo olupheleleyo sixhathisa ukulawulwa kwedemokhrasi ngenxa yokuba nawaphi na amandla okuthunyelwa kumaqumrhu anyuliweyo aya kusingela phantsi isikhundla sokumkani. Utshintsho ludla ngokufana nokwenza amabhunga angenawo amandla okwenene.

Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe enjenge Freedom House isoloko ibala iSaudi Arabia, Brunei, Qatar, kunye neEswatini njenge “engakhululekanga.” IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziye zacela la mazwe ukuba ahlonele amalungelo abantu aze amkele utshintsho lokwenyaniso lwedemokhrasi, kodwa inkqubela iyacotha.

Ikamva: Ngaba Imikhosi Yamakhosi Ingancipha?

Imbali icebisa ukuba imikhosi yolawulo-lawulo-lawulo-lawulo-lawulo lolawulo-moya olupheleleyo ayifane itshintshe ngokuthe ngcembe, uninzi lwemikhosi yookumkani baseYurophu yahlulwa amandla omlawuli kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ukudlula kwimvukelo, iimfazwe, okanye imigaqo-siseko exoxweyo. Kule mihla, okuphela kotshintsho olunempumelelo ukusuka kulawulo lolawulo lolawulo-buluneli olupheleleyo ukuya kwisizukulwana esisodwa eBhutan, apho ukumkani wesine washiya ngokuzithandela ngo-2006 kwaye kwamkelwa umgaqo-siseko omtsha, eguqula ilizwe laba ngukumkani wedemokhrasi nomthetho-siseko onyuliweyo. Noko ke, imeko ekhethekileyo kaBhutan, .[1] Ukumkani wayeduke ngokunzulu kwaye wayengazimiselanga inguqulelo elulayo kwenye indawo.

Kumaphondo e-Gulf, ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho ngokuziintlawulo kude ne-oyile kusenokunyanzelisa ukuba kutsalwe urhwebo netalente yangaphandle. Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iintsapho ezilawulayo azikhange zifune ukunikezela ngegunya. Ingxube yokulwa kwe-Arabia Spring ngo-2011 yawisa iiriphabliki (i-Egypt, iTunisia) kodwa yangenamdla wakuthintela ulawulo lookumkani, olwasebenzisa umxube wengcinezelo, ukhuselo, kunye notshintsho olulinganiselweyo ukuze ziphile.

Abanye abahlalutyi bathi imikhosi yemonarchy epheleleyo ingaguquka ibe “zii-proganiacs” apho umlawuli ehlala enegunya elinamandla kodwa abelane ngegunya elithile nequmrhu elinyuliweyo elingalawuli ncam. Inkqubo yeSingapore, enonyulo olunamandla kodwa oluthe rhoqo, ingaba ngumzekelo ojongwayo. Noko ke, iSingapore yiriphabliki, ayiyo monarchy, kwaye impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke ekunyukeni kwezoqoqosho nokulawula okunempumelelo.

Ingcinezelo yangaphandle evela eUnited States, kwiEuropean Union, nakwimibutho yamalungelo abantu isenokudlala indima, kodwa imikhosi epheleleyo idla ngokusebenzisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwe-oyile yendalo yeSaudi Arabia negesi yeQatar) ukuze izikhusele kwimiphumo eyingozi. INtshona ibimadolw'ukwenza ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kula mazwe ngenxa yokoyika ukungazinzi okanye ukuphazamisa amandla.

Isiphelo: I - Equilibrium Etyebileyo

Iimodeli ezingezozizo ezoburhulumente ezisebenza kwimigangatho yedemokhrasi yale mihla zimela ukuhambelana okuphawulekayo kodwa okuyingozi. Zinika abemi bazo iqondo lozinzo, ukuzazi sithethe, kunye neengenelo zezoqoqosho ezingaqinisekiyo, kodwa zikwenza oko ngendleko yenkululeko esisiseko yezopolitiko. Iimodeli ezidibene ezibonwayo eSaudi Arabia, eBrunei, eQatar, naseEswatini azinakunokwenzeka ukuba ziguqulele kwidemocrafiki epheleleyo ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba ookumkani abanaso iso iso isohlwayo sokukhupha umthombo opheleleyo wegunya labo. Endaweni, baya kuqhubekeka ukulawulwa kweenguqulo lwedemokhrasi ezilawulayo ngoxa zisenza ukubonakala kokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Njengezithethe zomhlaba wonke ezitshintshela kumalungelo abantu kunye nolawulo-demokhrasi, ezi ndawo zipheleleyo zijongene nokwanda kocelomngeni lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle. Ubutyebi be-oyile obuye baxhasa ukuzinza kwabo bulinganiselwe; abemi bolutsha abanxulumene kakhulu kunangaphambili namazwi; kwaye inzululwazi yehlabathi yezopolitiko isenokungasayi kunyamezela ii-autocraticss ngokungenasiphelo. Noko ke, ngoku, i-monarchy epheleleyo ingqiniswe ngokunamandla anamandla angaphaya--"ukutshintsha idemokhrasi ngaphandle kokutshintshwa yiyo. Ubuchule babo bokulawula uxanduva phakathi kwesithethe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale mihla iza kugqiba enoba bayaqhubeka kusini na kwinkulungwane ezayo njengemibutho yemijikelo ye-demokhrasi, okanye ekugqibeleni izala kwi-demokhrasi.

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