Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo zemali ebhaptiziweyo eIndiya ngonyaka ka-2016 kuye kwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwishumi leminyaka elidluleyo, kusuka kwinkcazo yemali exhaphakileyo esetyenziswayo ukuze ikwazi ukuhlawula imali, izenze zihambe kakuhle. Ukuthunyelwa kweZibonelelo eziManyanisayo zemali (UPEI) ngo-2016 kwasebenza njengesixhobo esibangela ingxubevange, kodwa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kuye kwabangelwa lungcelele lwezinyathelo zikarhulumente ezicwangcisiweyo ezijolise ekukhuliseni ingeniso yemali, ukwandisa ukubhalisa ulwazi lwemali, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwemali okukhuselekileyo. Namhlanje, ukuhlawula amanani okungasasetyenziswangabonwanga njalo eIndiya/iiiintengo yemihla ngemihla yabemi, ukusuka kubathengi bendlela ezitratweni ezikwizidolophane ukuya kumafamazana akude. Le ndaleko inyusa imali, ukusetyenziswa kwemali, nokusetyenziswa kwemali eenjiko.

Isiseko: Amanyathelo Karhulumente Angundoqo Okuqhuba Ukwanda Kwamanani

Indlela esetyenziswa ngurhulumente wase-Indiya yokukhuthaza ukuhlawulwa kwemali ngemivo ixhomekeke kwiinkqubo eziliqela zephawu, nganye yenzelwe ukuchaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemekobume yendalo(ii-infractracy, ufikelelo, ukhuseleko, nokusetyenziswa komsebenzisi. Ezi zenzo zidityanisiwe zidala imekobume apho ukuthengiselwana kwamanani kunokuthi kuchume khona.

IIndiya Esebenzisa Amanani: Ukwakha Ibala

Iqaliswe ngo-2015, i- i-Indiya ye-Digital inkqubo yesambulela yaqalisa iqonga lokuguqula amanani elizwe. Iindawo ezintathu ezingundoqo zokubona /iiindawo-zibonelelo-ezingundoqo //izinto eziluncedo kummi ngamnye, ulawulo kunye neenkonzo ezifunekayo, kunye namandla amanani abemi . /ukuxhasa ngokungqalileyo ukukhula kwemali yeminyaka. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, urhulumente wandisa uqhagamshelwano lweziko ngeedolophana ezingama-60 000 000 nge-BaratNet, wenza ukuba u-Aadhaar-emetric esekelwe kwibhay ebhay, kwaye wakhuthaza ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo ze-elektroniki. Ezi zinyathelo zesiseko ziqinisekisa ukuba kwanabantu base-omincultalogly izixhobo zemali. Ngo-2024, i-Indiya, ngezigidi zezigidi ezi-2001, umlinganiselo wokuhlawulwa koog.

Ujongano lwebhaso olumanyeneyo (UPI): Umtshintshi Womdlalo

Ukuphuhliswa nokunikezelwa kwe-UPI ngeNational References Corporation of India (NPCI) ijongwa ngokubanzi njengeyona nkqubo yotshintsho ekhoyo karhulumente etshintshayo kwisithuba sokuhlawula. USI yinkqubo yemali ekhawulezileyo, enika intlawulo enceda ulwando lomntu olinganayo nomntu oza kufumana intlawulo olulinganayo esebenzisa idilesi yemali epheleleyo. Ngoku idibanisa ii-akhawunti ezininzi zebhanki kwisicelo esinye esihambayo, iphelisa imfuneko yenkcukacha zebhanki ezinzima. Ukususela ekundululeni kwayo ngo-2016, i-UI ibone ukukhula okukhawuleze kunyuke. Imiqulu yenyanga isuka ku-92-2017, ukuya kutsho kwiwaka eliyi-2024 lezigidi, ibonakalisa ukukhula konyaka ongaphezulu kakhulu kwekhulu eli-100-amabhankithane, ii-e-eamfone, njengePay, kunye noRognet, kunye noRoperatens (easethi yemali e-ease propinethi yoodmis) kunye nayiphi nayiphi

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): Ukudityaniswa Kwemali Kuqala

Phambi kokuba iimali ezihlawulwayo zemivo ziqhubeke, abemi badinga ii-akhawunti zebhanki. I-Pradhan Man Jan Dhan Yoya , ijoliswe ekufakeni ingeniso yemali jikelele ngo-2014, ijolise kwindlu nganye ngokunikezela ngetyala lemali elisisiseko, isibonelelo se-arhente, kunye ne-inshorensi yengozi ye-inshorensi. Njengo-2024 ye-akhawunti ye-2024 yezigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu evulekileyo phantsi kwale nkqubo. Ezi akhawunti zisebenza njengencopho yokungena kwemichiza yolwamvo lwamanani, ngokunikezela ngekhadi le-Rupacebit kwaye zidityaniswe kwi-aftware yasemaphandleni.

Uqinisekiso lwe-Aadhaar ne-KYC: Uqinisekiso lophawu olujikelezayo

Inkqubo ye-biometric ye-Aadhaar ye-Indiya ekwaziyo ukuqinisekisa abathengi ngoko nangoko kwaye i-Aadhaar, eneebhiliyoni ezingaphezulu kwe1.4 zezigidi zezigidi, inika isiseko esiqinileyo sokuhlawula intlawulo yamanani. Ukusetyenziswa kweAadhaar-pach esekelwe kwi-KYC kuvumela iibhanki kunye nezinikezeli zenkonzo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bafumana i-Aadhaar amaxabiso afunekayo, ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa amaphepha emali ekufuneka adityaniswe phantsi kwe-Dhahaad-Mive-AAD (AMGene) eninzi yamaxabiso athengwayo, apho abathengisi besamkela intlawulo oluthe kratya-mali elungele ukusetyenziswa kweminxeka kunye nokukhuselwa kwemali yentlalo-ntle.

Ujongano lweBharat lwemali (BHIM): IApp ePhawulweyo ye-UPI

Ukunikezela ngokhetho oluthembekileyo, olukhuselekileyo, kunye nolokubuyiselwa kwentlawulo yamanani karhulumente, i-NPCI yavelisa i-NPCI] Bharat Menemone yemali (BHIM) app ngo-2016. I-BHIM ixhasa i-UPII kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhlawula, kuquka i-Aadhaar Pachor. I-app yenzelwe ukuba ibe lula, i-nxinzelele, i-nxinene, kwaye ifumaneke kwiilwimi ezili-13 zengingqi. Ngexesha lesithathu i-partumss ifumene izabelo zomsebenzisi ezithe kratya, i-BHIM ihlala iyisixhobo esinzima — ingakumbi kubasebenzisi bamanani bokuqala abakhetha umdibaniso ngaphandle korhwebo. Ukuxhaswa kwe-BHIM kukhuthulo lwemikhankatho kunye neendawo ezifana ne-Dichtive kwicandelo elincinane lorhwebo kunye noomatishiciomati.

Inkxaso yolawulo evela kwi-RBI noRhulumente

IReserve Bank of India (RBI) ibisoloko isebenza ekulungiseni imeko-bume ekhuthazayo. Iinkqubo zokubhatala nezokuBeka kunye neNkqubo yokuSebeka, 2007, zalungiswa ukuze kuhlaliswe ubugcisa obutsha. IRBI yasungula i-Pirrector Inkhweba yoPhuhliso loMphathi-zincwadi (PIDF) ngo-2021 ukukhuthaza ukuhlawulwa kwesiseko sokwamkelwa kwemali (njenge-QR ne-POS) kwimiqathango yemiqathango yemiqathango yemali ekhoyo) kwithala-3 ukuya kumashumi amathandathu ezixeko nakuMntla Mpuma. Imali ixhoba ee-30 ezigidi ezisamvo ezamkelekileyo ngo-2025. Ngaphezu koko, isigqibo sikarhulumente sokuncitshiswa kwexabiso lorhwebo (RR) kwi-UPROBCT) kunye ne-RBS lwabiwo lwamarkethenti oluncincane, ihlawulwa kwicandelo lorhwebo oluthengiso olungaphezulu lama-90.

Impembelelo Kuluntu Nakuqoqosho

Inkcitho yezobugcisa, ekhuselwa zezi zindululo zikarhulumente, ivelise iingenelo ezinokuxhotyiswa ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nentlalo. Iziphumo zamaza zisuka kwinkqubela-phambili yomgangatho wemacro ukuya kutshintsho lomgangatho omncinane wobomi bemihla ngemihla kubantu nakumashishini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kunye nokwenziwa

Imali ehlawulwa ngamanani iye yasebenza njengendlela yokungena kwinkqubo yemali esemthethweni kwizigidi zabemi ababengasasebenzi. Ngomxube wee-akhawunti zikaJan Dhan kunye nokufikelela kwe-UPI, abantu ababethembele ngokupheleleyo kwimali ngoku basebenzisa amanani eendawo ngoku, abakwazi ukufumana imali yetyala, iimali-mali ezincinane, i-inshorensi, nemveliso yotyalo-mali. Umzekelo, inani lentengo yemali ehlawulwayo kwi-Indiya yabantu abadala abali-1 000 e-1901 ngo-2016 ukuya kutsho kuma-6,500 kwimimandla yonyaka wama-2024. EzeeNtshona Koloni, ekwindawo ezifunyani ebhanki, ngoku ityala i-45% yee-UNIPI, kunye nemveliso, ngokomlinganiselo we-NPI. Ngokutshona kwe-DPI-DYPT . Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-Reverective (DB) i-CHPreseR.20444444, kunye ne-2004 ye-ibhilitye elithenjiso lithekayo ukusuka kwi-o-yokutshoneyoku

Umlinganiselo Wokwenza Ushishino Nempumelelo Yezoqoqosho

Amashishini amancinane nabathengisi bemijelo yezemali bephakathi kwabaxhamli abakhulu bemali ehlawulwa ngamanani okutholwa. Ukwamkela intlawulo ngoncedo lwe-QR kususa imfuneko yokuphatha imali, kunciphisa umngcipheko wobusela, kwaye kuphelisa nemfuneko yokuthwala utshintsho. I-2023 yabasebenzi borhwebo, abaqhubi benqwelo-nqwelo-moya, nabasebenzi bezezoqoqosho, besuka ngokulula ngokuhambelana nokunyuka kwemali. Ingeniso karhulumente “yokubhanki yemali ekhoyo ekwandiseni kwemalini" kwicandelo elithelekelelekileyo kwiTier 2 kunye neTier 3 yamadolobha. I-2023 izifundo ze-Indiyadian Councial Relationstions (ICRIE) zifumanise ukusetyenziswa kwemali encinane ehlawulwayo ngo15-2020% ngenxa yokufikelela komngxube-o-okthatho. Ingeniso ebanzi ekuthelekelelwa kwimali e-1.1% ngokokusetyenziswa kwengxelo ye-Groupt.

Ulawulo olucacileyo

Umgaqo-nkqubo wamanani osuka kwintengiselwano nganye wenza ukuba ukuthotyelwa kwerhafu kulunge ngakumbi, ukucuthwa korhwaphilizo, kunye nolawulo oluphuculiweyo. Ulungiselelo lwe-Fales neNkonzo yeSebe likarhulumente, oludityaniswe nentlawulo yamanani, luvumela amashishini ukuba afumane ityala lerhafu kuphela xa kusenziwa ngemijelo elandelelanayo. Oku kuye kwafaka inkcitho enkulu yezoqoqosho kwicala elisemthethweni. Ngaphezu koko, ukurhoxiswa kwentlalo-ntle yoluntu ngemijelo yamanani — njengemali yemali yempesheni, yomhlala-mpehla, kunye nemali — kuqinisekisa ukuba imali efunwa ngabamkeli ngaphandle kokutsalwa. IGemo (Gennum-M) ye-M (indawo ye-M) ye-Phondo esetyenziswa kwimirhumo yomthetho yolawulo karhulumente, elungele ukusetyenziswa kweminxeba, kwiminxeba ye-2003 kwi-e-excrorstiestives ezipheleleyo kwi-2023.

Ukuxhotyiswa kwamabhinqa namaqela anokulawulwa

Amabhinqa angenelwe ngokugqithisileyo, asoloko ejongene nemiqobo ekhoyo ekubekeni imali ebhankini. Inkqubo kaJan Dhan inyusa ngokuphawulekayo inani lamabhinqa anee-akhawunti zebhanki — njengo-2024, 55% yabanikazi betyala likaJan Dhan ngamabhinqa. U-UI iwenza la mabhinqa akwazi ukuqhuba imicimbi ngaphandle kokufuna ukutyelelwa ngamasebe okanye ukuncediswa ngamadoda. Amacebo karhulumente afana ne-PMS Kisan Sam Nidhi, anika aba-6, aba-6, 000 ngonyaka kubalimi abancinane, bakhutshwa ngqo kwii-akhawunti zebhanki ezibhanki ezibharhileyo, abanika amabhinqa asoloko ekhomba intloko. Iqela elinceda amadoda (SHSG), namalungu angaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-80, asebenzisa imali ehlawulwa, kunye noontanga-okanye ne-omboleko ezibondla imali.

Ukucombulula Iingxaki: Ukungakwazi Ukufunda, Ukufunda Nokufunda

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela ebangel ’ umdla, indalo nendalo ebhatalayo eIndiya zijamelana nocelomngeni olungapheliyo olufuna ungenelelo oluqhubekayo lukarhulumente nentsebenziswano yemekobume.

Ukungakhuseleki Nobuqhophololo

Njengoko imiqulu inyuka, izama ukuqhatha, ukuphamba, kunye nokwaphulwa kwedata. I-RBI norhulumente baye baphendula ngokuqinisa umgaqo-siseko. UMthetho woKhuselo lwezogcino-lwazi lobuqu, 2023, umisela imithetho yokulungiselela ugcino-lwazi kunye nemvume ecacileyo kubasebenzisi. I-RBI i-Cyber Crime Riving Porting ivumela ukuba abasebenzisi bafumane izikhalazo ezilula. I-RBI i-“Cyber Secureal Securectives ” yeNkqubo yokuThepatiza Abasebenzi be-Dijinion SyGenest" ifuna ukunyanzelisa iziphumo zokhuseleko, uvavanyo olusekelwe kwimiqatha, kunye novavanyo olubalulekileyo phakathi koomatshini abasebenzisa ii-electivesting. I-Rhovern i-Syriver esasazelele kwi-Stectivesting kunyaka wokuqala we-RC.

Iimephu zokubhala namanani

Ngoxa i-Intanethi ifikeleleka, ukufunda nokubhala okunentsingiselo — ingakumbi kubantu abadala, amanani asezantsi, namabhinqa asemaphandleni — ehlala ephantsi. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bazama ukumelana nolawulo lwe-UPI PIN, ukungaphumeleli kwengxaki, kunye nokwahlula inkcitho esemthethweni yemali ehlawulwa ngurhulumente Mantadyan Grampin Saksta Abhiyan (PGUSHIYAN) ijongo yokwenza iintsapho zasemaphandleni eziyizigidi ezingama-60 ezikwazi ukufunda ngemilingo. Ngo-2024, inkqubo yayiqeqeshelwe ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-47. Sekunjalo, iintsalela yezolwimi kunye neelwimi ezithengingqi zithetha ukuba ziyafuneka naleyo. Iindlela zokuhlawula ezithengwayo, ngokwee-FFFFFoc, kunye ne-ieat-i-i-i-ective-nethia (ngee-I-I-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i----i-----

Ulawulo nolwalamano

Intlawulo yamanani ixhomekeke kwi-Internet ethembekileyo nakwintsebenziswano yenethwekhi ehambayo. Ngoxa i-BharatNet idibanise ii-gram, uqhagamshelwano lwe-560 000 ze-pankachayats, kwiindawo ezinzulu zasesemaphandleni kunye neenduli zihlala zidibene. Amandla akwaphazamisana nezixhobo zamanani, ingakumbi kwizixhobo zebhayoloji zokuqinisekisa. Urhulumente uthetha oku esebenzisa iNational Broadband Band Mission (ukwandisa ububanzi bendawo nge-2030), ukwandisa iinkonzo ze-5G, kunye notyalo lwe-intanethi kwimimandla ekude. Iimpawu ezithe ngqo — njenge-UPI’s “lite” kunye nezindlela ze-X ezisebenza ngezixhobo ezinxulumene nokunxibelelana okulinganiselweyo okulinganiselweyo.

Ukusebenzisana kunye neendleko zokutshintsha

Enye yamandla e-UPI kukulungelelaniswa, kodwa kusekho iingxaki xa abasebenzisi bezama ukudibanisa ii-akhawunti kwiibhanki ezininzi okanye besebenzisa ii-UPI ezikhutshwa ziibhanki ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iibhanki bezicotha ukunceda zonke iimpawu. Urhulumente ne-NPCI iyaqhubeka inyanzela ukunyanzelisa imigangatho kwaye igunyazise ukuba zonke ii-UPUPI ezintsha zihambelana nengcaciso evulekileyo ye-API. Isehlomelo le-UPI E-AUPAII isibambiso kunye nomda onqamlezileyo uhlawula amandla (USI-UPI-USI-RTRI makhadi-TRING) acuthelisa uk'uhla. Noko ke, kusekho iimeko zokungahambisi ngenxa yokungalungiswa kwe-mali ebhanki ebhankini. Urhulumente ukhuthaza ukufudusa imisebenzi yawo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha.

Indlela Engaphambili: Iingcamango Zekamva Nombono Karhulumente

Uhambo lwamanani lwaseIndiya lokuhlawula lusekude lungagqitywanga. Urhulumente, ngeNPCI neRBI, uphembelela isizukulwana esilandelayo sentlawulo ukuze sihambele phambili kwinkqubela yobugcisa nokulindela kwabo bayisebenzisayo.

Imali yamanani eBhanki eCentral (CBDC): IRupee yamanani

IRBI yaqalisa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya we- Digital Rupee (e → R) ngo-2022, yenza i-Indiya ibe nye yezona zoqoqosho zingundoqo zokuqala ukuvavanya imali ekwi-bhanki embindini. I-Rupee ngumqondiso wamanani omele ububele obusemthethweni, owenzelwe ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezikhoyo zemali ngaphandle kwe-script-octure opocturernicrenies. Njengo-2024, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unyuswe kwiibhanki ezisithoba nesithoba, ngokusebenzisa amatyala okuthenga, ukukhulula okunqamleza, ukuhlangana komda, kunye nokuhlawula okunyuswa kweminxela. Urhulumente ubona iCBD njengesixhobo sokucoca imali ephezulu, ukunyusa umgangatho wemali, kunye nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wemali, ukunciphisa umlinganiselo opheleleyo we-ARG.

Indalo kunye nezibonelelo ezingezizo

Ukwakhiwa kweAadhaar, urhulumente ukhuthaza u-Aadhaar-“ukuqinisekisa nge-” ukuhlawula, okuphelisa imfuno ye-PIN okanye ikhadi. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kubemi abadala nabasebenzisi abakhubazekileyo. I-NPCI 'i-“UPI 123 REP” kunye ne-“USI LITE” sele iwenza lula imali kwiifowuni ezinezibonelelo. Oku kuza“USI NOP & ParaP” i-Tap" i-NFC, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba batsale ifowuni yabo okanye ikhadi labo lomthengisi ukuze bahlawule ngokukhawuleza. I-RBI iqhuba nokuthunyelwa kwee-terminal ze-POS ezingama-2026, ngenkcukumiso encinane. Ezi ziza kubangela ukuba kufumaneke namaqela amaninzi abathengi abasweleyo.

Uxinaniso ngenkqubo yokubhatala kwehlabathi

I-Indiya ithumela ngokukhutheleyo imodeli yayo yokuhlawula ngamanani ngezivumelwano ze-biodaal. U-UPI udityaniswe noTshumbo lweZibonelelo zaseSingapore ngoku, ukuvumela ukufuduswa kwexesha lokwenene lomda we-engile. Unxulumano olufanayo ne-UAE, Nepal, Sri Lanka, kunye neMalaysia lungaphantsi. Urhulumente ukwakhuthaza kwakhona ‘ i-UPUP yamazwe angaphandle ehamba phambili, ivumela iindwendwe ezivalelweyo ukuba zisebenzise i-UPI ekuthengeni abarhwebi. Oku kuhamba njengenkokeli behlabathi ekuhlawuleni izakhiwo, ukuqhuba izithuthi norhwebo. I-G20202020's' ivuselelwa kwe- “One, i-Endroucreant" phantsi kombono wayo we-Preciocester ngo-2023 kugxininisa lo mgaqo-onke.

Ubuntlola Obenziweyo Nokufunyaniswa Kobuqhophololo

Urhulumente kunye ne-NPCI bafaka utyando kwinkqubo yokufumana ii-Al/ML-esekelwe ekufumaneni ii-projekthi ezihlaziyiweyo ngexesha lokwenene. I-RBI''''I-II'Inkcitho yoMphathi-MSI-MSI" ijonga i-agggregistratorsss kwimisebenzi ekrokrelekayo. Kwakhona urhulumente uhlola ukusetyenziswa kwebloko ukukhusela, ukuvalwa kwemali ephezulu, ingakumbi ekufumaneni ulawulo norhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe. I-National Reciocciociotiation iphuhlisa i- “Unity Tradenti Platform edibanisa ukuhlawulwa kwamanani nogcino-mthetho wezorhwebo.

Isiphelo

Imekobume yemekobume yeIndiya isuka ekulingweni okuye kwabonwa emhlabeni wonke. Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo eziqinileyo, inkxaso yenkqubo, ukusetyenziswa kolawulo, kunye nokusebenzisana kwabantu ngezobuqu kuye kwadala imekobume apho iinkonzo zezemali zezemali zinokulinganiswa ngesantya esinqabileyo ehlabathini. Inyathelo likarhulumente lokuthatha i-(ukusuka kuJan Dhan i-afrive yemali ediliselwe kwi-UPin kunye nombutho wenqwelo-moya we-injini ye-Ropixel ye-Rojini ye-RP /ayinti ye-Rupee kuphela kodwa iyakwazi ukutshintsha imicimbi kodwa inika ulawulo olungcono, ukuhambela phambili kwezoqoqosho. Sekunjalo, iingxaki ezifana nokunyuka kwe-i-injini, ukusetyenziswa kwe-injini, nokudibana kwemiqatha yemali, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zemali ezibonelelwa kumgangatho otheneyo.