Ukwazisa: Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zolawulo

Inkqubo yokusingqongileyo kunye nendlela iinguqulelo zemozulu ezinyanzeliswe ngayo ngokunzulu ziphenjelelwa yimodeli yolawulo ezidalwe phantsi kwayo zizalisekiswe. Ulawulo-----------scheme lwemithetho, amaziko, kunye nezenzo ezisetyenziswayo ngamandla . Icandelo lihlolisisa indlela ezibekwa ngayo izinto eziza kuqala zemeko-bume, indlela ezinokwenziwa ngayo izigqibo, nendlela ezinyanzeliswa ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo. Ukusuka kwizibophelelo zomhlaba wonke zePar Paris Isivumelwano kwimimiselo yomgangatho womoya wasekuhlaleni, ukusebenza kwemekobume yemekobume exhasayo. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela idemokhrasi, i-curive, i-dmidiant, iinfaze, intlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo zezixhobo zolawulo ezilawulayo ezisebenzisa ukukhusela imekobume nemozulu, ukuphakamisa amandla, norhwebo olunentsingiselo kwinkqubo nganye.

Ukuqonda le migaqo ingafaniyo kubalulekile kubenzi bemithetho, abaxhasi bezopolitiko nakubemi abafuna ukwenza iindlela eziphumelelayo zokuzikhusela kwikamva.

Ulawulo-demokhrasi: Ukuthabatha inxaxheba, Ukubonisa ngaphaya, nokuphendula

Kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, inkqubo yokusingqongileyo ibunjwa kukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zowiso-mthetho, ukuthathi-nxaxheba kukawonke-wonke, ukuvelela kwezahlulelo, nokuhlola amajelo eendaba akhululekileyo. Abahlali, amaqela anomdla, kunye namaqela aphikisanayo angaphembelela inkqubo ngonyulo, ngezicelo, nangemingeni esemthethweni. Oku kuvula iliso kudla ngokukhokelela kwimimiselo eqinileyo necacileyo yemekobume, kodwa kwakhona kunokuphumela ekubeni kwenziwe isigqibo esicothayo ngenxa yokufuna ukuvumelana nokulalanisa.

Isekelwe kurhwebo ngokuphikisana nomyalelo- kunye nolawulo ukufikelela

Oorhulumente bedemokhrasi basebenzisa umxube wezixhobo zokwenza inkqubo. [[FLT:] ummiselo woMyalelo-omamkeli nolawulo-olwalukileyo. Njengemida yokukhupha, imigangatho yobugcisa, kunye novalo lwezithintelo kwizinto eziyingozi . Ukubonelela amaxhoba kodwa aqine. Ngokwahlukileyo, izixhobo ezisekelwe kwimithetho yezorhwebo njengerhafu yekhabho yekhabhoni, i-cap-rade, kunye nezixhobo eziluhlaza zidala izikhuthazo zezoqoqosho ukuze ziphuculwe kwaye zihambe kakuhle. I-Europe Union’ssion ingumzekelo obalulekileyo wendlela yentengiso esezantsi evumela ukuguquka kotshintsho. Ulawulo lwe-democractic ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo zihla kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi olulungele uwonke-wonke.

Imizekelo Ephawulekayo Yedemokhrasi: IYurophu NoUnited States

I- ye-EU-EU imisela imiQumbi ye- ebonakalisa ulawulo lwedemokhrasi lwamazwe ngamazwe kwinkqubo yokusingqongileyo. IKhomishini yaseYurophu icebisa umthetho, iPalamente kunye neBhunga leNgqungquthela, kunye namazwe angamalungu azalisekisa imiyalelo. Injongo yeGreenland ye-EU yenze i-ECO ukuba i-ENT yenze i-inginetural Union ibe lilizwe lokuqala nge-2050, ixhaswe ngamaxhoba anyanzelekile, inkxaso-mali eninzi, kunye nohlolo oluthelela phambili rhoqo. Inkxaso kawonke ukwenzela ukusebenza kwemekobume e-EU, inyanzelela phambili kumazwe amaninzi, inyanze iinkokeli zezobupolitika zifune iinjongo ezifuna impumelelo.

United States inika ulwahlulo olungakumbi lomfanekiso. Imithetho yemo yezulu yomanyano enjenge-Chroian Air Act ne-Device Water Act ecwangcisiweyo yesizwe, kodwa urhulumente unegunya elikhulu lokuzalisekisa nokunyanzelisa. Oku kungakhokelela ekukhetheni: iKhalifoni, umzekelo, ifumene imigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu enobundlobongela, ngelixa amanye amazwe echase imimiselo karhulumente. Inkqubo yedemokhrasi ivumela ukutshintsha inkqubo xa ulawulo lutshintsha, ukudala, uknaye, u-U.S. uKhuselo lwe-Arhente (EPA) lunika imodeli ye-modeli ye-ogralitiki, kunye namagqabaza enzululwazi.

Indima Yoluntu Namaziko Ondaba - mlonyeni

Ulawulo lwedemokhrasi lunika amandla imibutho (NGOS), abaphandi bemfundo, kunye neentatheli ukuba baphendule oorhulumente. Ukusingqongileyo amaqela anjengeGreenpeace, iNgxowa-mali yeNkcubeko yehlabathi, kunye ne-Sierra Club angamkela, afake igalelo, aphinde athumele uluvo lukawonke-wonke. Ukugqugqisa kwe-mente okuthelwe phantsi kwemekobume (NGOS), uphazamiso lwe-oyile-oyile kugawuzanyiselwa amahlathi. Oku kuxhomekeke ekuthinteleni kokusingiseleni kwemeko-yo kumandla kukungachaphazeli ekuphumeni kweziphumo ezibusweni kobuso, kunye noorhulumente abangakhangeli bemeko-mfezeki.

Ngoko, iinkqubo zedemokhrasi zinokubanjwa zizinto ezifakelwayo. Imveliso ye-fossil-fluel kunye namanye amacandelo okungcolisa asenokuphembelela ngeminikelo yephulo, ukurhwaphiliza, kunye nokumiswa kwendlu ejikelezayo. Isiphumo sinokuba buthathaka okanye silibazise inkqubo, njengokuba kubonwa kwiingxoxo ezingapheliyo zokugqugqisa ikharbon eOstreliya naseCanada.

Ulawulo olugunyazisiweyo: Isantya nokuchasana noXelo

Ulawulo lobugunya lumisela amandla aphakathi, luthintela ukuthathi-nxaxheba kukawonke-wonke kunye nokucinezela ukungavumelani. Oku kuvumela uphumo olukhawulezileyo lwenkqubo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuxoxoxwa kwemithetho-mvume okanye ukujongana noluntu. Ngokwengcamango, oku kungakhawulezisa isenzo kutshintsho lwemozulu / ngokomzekelo, ngokulula ukwakhiwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo okanye ngokuvala iifektri ezikhuhlayo. Ukungabonakali nokuziphendulela kudla ngokukhokelela ekonakaleni kokusingqongileyo, njengokuba ukukhula okufutshane kwezoqoqosho kujoliswe ekuxhaseni indalo.

Ukwenza Isigqibo esicetywe ngoondoqo nemiphumo yaso

Kwinkqubo ye-athoride, inkqubo yokusingqongileyo idla ngokumiselwa ngabambalwa abaphezulu .Ngokomzekelo, iTshayina iye yaba ngumfaki-sixhobo omkhulu wesazulu, i-monarch, okanye ibhunga lomkhosi. Izigqibo zingenziwa emva kweminyango evaliweyo, zingenangeniso lukhulu kwizazinzulu, ingingqi yoluntu, okanye iingcali zemekobume. Oku kunokubangela amaxhoba aphezulu, kodwa ngaphandle kobungqina obuzimeleyo, ukunyanzeleka komthetho wogcino-mthetho kubuthathaka. Umzekelo, iTshayina iye yaba ngumfaki-sixhobo esikhulu welanga namandla omoya, ukanti ikwahlala ikho igesi eshushu.

Ngokufanayo, i-RUSSIA inobuncwane obuninzi bendalo kunye norhulumente ophakathi onokuthi ulungelelanise imozulu. Noko ke, uqoqosho lwaseRashiya luxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-oyile negesi ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye iinkokeli zezobupolitika bezimathidala ukunikezela ngokukhutshwa okunzulu. Abaxhasi bemekobume bajongene nokukhathazwa, kunye nokulawulwa okuzimeleyo kongcoliso lwemizi - mveliso kulinganiselwe. Oku kubonisa indlela ulawulo lwe-dentilikitho olunokukhuthaza ngayo ukusetyenziswa kwemeko yezoqoqosho eyingozi xa isikhulu esilawulayo sinomdla wokuzigcina zizinto eziyingozi.

Izakhono: Ukuphangwa ngokuphandle ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa nguwonke-wonke

Ulawulo lobugunya lungenza izigqibo ezikhawulezileyo kwimiqathango emikhulu. Umzekelo, isicwangciso sombono sase Saudi Arabia 2030 siquka ukuveliswa kwemali ngamandla amakhulu avuselelweyo, ngokwenxalenye ukukhutshwa kwi-oyile. Ngaphandle kokuxinanano kwabantu, ezi zibonelelo zinokuqhubekeka ngexesha elingqongqo. Ngokufanayo, iBelt ne Road Initive yeChina iquka iprojekthi ezininzi ezinempembelelo yemekobume, kodwa isoloko ingenandawo yezobupolitika yokunxibelelana nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo okanye ukunyanzelisa.

Noko ke, ukungabikho kokuphenduliswa kwedemokhrasi kuthetha ukuba uluntu oluchaphazelekayo luchaphazeleke lungcoliso, lungathathi mhlaba, okanye lushenxisekile alunandlela yokuzinceda. Iingozi zezoshishino, ukuchitheka kwetyhefu, nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukugqunywa. Ukulondolozwa kwexesha elide kuyaphazamiseka kuba akukho nkqubo yokudibanisa ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni okanye ukuvisisanisa imigaqo esekelwe kwingxelo esekelwe kwabo baphila neziphumo. Ngoko ubuchule bomgaqo wokusingqongileyo obuneedelelo buye bahluka kakhulu kwaye buxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto eziphambili zolawulo.

Ulawulo oluchuliweyo nolugqithisiweyo: Ulungelelwaniso oluxutyiweyo

Amazwe amaninzi asebenza phantsi kolawulo olumandundu oludibanisa idemokhrasi kunye nolawulo-gunya. La maphondo angathabatha unyulo kodwa athintele ukhuphiswano lwezopolitiko, alawule amajelo eendaba, kwaye athintele ibutho labantu. Imigaqo yawo yemekobume ibonisa oku kuxubana: amanye anandipha iingenelo zokuthabatha inxaxheba kuwonke-wonke kunye nomthetho, ngoxa amanye ebandezeleka kukwenziwa kwesigqibo esilula nokugcinwa komthetho okubuthathaka.

Imizekelo: IMalaysia, iSingapore neTurkey

I-Singaror isoloko ichazwa njengomzekelo wenkqubo exubileyo eneziphumo ezinamandla zemekobume. Urhulumente ubukhulu becala unegunya kodwa ugcina iqondo eliphezulu lokubonakala okucacileyo kuzalisekiso lwenkqubo, isakhiwo esiqinileyo, kunye nokucwangcisa okude kwixesha elide. ISingapore iphumeze ngempumelelo ukusetyenziswa kokuphinda isakhiwo samanzi, imilinganiselo yokwakha eluhlaza, kunye nerhafu yekharbon, konke okokuba igcine ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kwezoqoqosho. Noko ke, le mpumelelo ngokwenxalenye ibangelwa buncinane bomgangatho wesixeko nobubanzi obungaqhelekanga, kwaye imode ayifani lula.

I-Malaysia idibanisa unyulo lwedemokhrasi kunye namandla anamandla olawulo oluphezulu kunye nokuthintelwa kwenkcaso. Inkqubo yokusingqongileyo eMalaysia iye yagxekwa ngokumisela phambili amasimi e-oli yesundu kunye neefektha-mali ezikhuselwayo kulondolozo lwamahlathi. Ngelixesha imibhiyozo yoluntu neengxaki zomthetho zinqanda iprojeko yokthi, ubuqhetseba kunye nokunyanzeleka komthetho kuhlala kunezithintelo ezibalulekileyo.

Turkey phantsi koMongameli Erdogayan uye wabona ukuguqukela kulawulo lobuzwilakhe, ngokubekwa kombindi kwamandla kunye nokuqhekeka kwabaxhasi bemeko- bume. Ukurhoxa kwelizwe kwisivumelwano seParis kamva kwatshintshwa, kodwa imisebenzi yalo yamalahle kunye ne-hybrid ibangele impikiswano. Iinkqubo zeHybrid ziveza iziphumo ezingahambelaniyo, ngokuxhomekeke kulungelelaniso phakathi kwemisebenzi yedemokhrasi ne-athoricric nangaliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo.

Ulawulo loluntu:

Imizekelo yolawulo lwelizwe, esoloko isekelwe kulwazi lwesithethe nokwenza izigqibo ezimanyeneyo, inika ubuchule obubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokusingqongileyo. Abantu abaninzi bomthonyama basebenzisa ulawulo lwemimandla yabo ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokulingana nokuhlonela imilinganiselo yendalo. Ezi ndlela zigxininisa ukuvumelana, ukucinga okude, nexabiso lendalo eliqhelekileyo elisoloko lingekho kulawulo lwelizwe lanamhlanje.

Umzekelo, uMlambo weWhangui eNew Zealand wanikwa ulawulo olusemthethweni, ukwamkela amalungelo omlambo kunye nonxibelelwano lwawo olungumtya ne-Māori. EKhanada, irejista yelizwe lomthonyama ikhokelele kwizivumelwano zokuxhasa i-paki zesizwe kunye neendawo ezikhuselweyo. Ezi mizekelo ibonisa indlela ukulawula okunokuphinda kuchazwe ngayo ukuquka amaxabiso endalo kunye namalungelo endalo.

Ngoxa ulawulo lomthonyama lungeyondlela yokulungisa indalo, ingajamelana neengxaki ezifana nezithintelo zezibonelelo, iimfazwe zangaphakathi, kunye noxinzelelo oluvela koorhulumente bamazwe ``inika inqaku elibalulekileyo lokuphikisana ukuya ezantsi, iindlela ezithe zaphuhliswayo zoorhulumente abaninzi bezi mini. Imbono zomthonyama kwilizwe nakulawulo lwemekobume lwezizwe ngezizwe zingaphucula iziphumo ngokukhuthaza ulawulo olulungelelanisayo kunye nolondolo-ntlalo lwentlalo.

Ulawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe: Intsebenziswano ngaphaya kwemizekelo

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yingxaki yehlabathi lonke efuna intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe aneenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulawula. ISivumelwano seFramework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) neParthe Paris Amentation zilungiselela ukuxoxisana nokusebenza kolawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe. Noko ke, ukuphumelela kolawulo lwamazwe ngamazwe kuxhomekeke kubuchule nokukulungela ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zalo, ezibunjwa yinkqubo yayo yolawulo yasekhaya.

Ukucaca nokuphendula kwiiNPO zeMbango

Amazwe alawulwa ngedemokhrasi asoloko enamandla kakhulu ekuboneni kwasekhaya . njengokuzimela kwabameli bemeko-bume, inkululeko yemithetho yolwazi, kunye nabantu abasebenzayo . Ukuxhasa ingxelo echanileyo ngokukhutshwa kwegesi nenkqubela. Inkqubo yokuhlola, ukunikela, kunye noqinisekiso (MRV) ngumgangatho wegolide. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amagosa anegunya anganikezela ngogcino-lwazi olungaphelelanga okanye olungafikelelekiyo. I-Paris Regiatences ikhuthaza “inkqubo echanekileyo ye-" ngokuqhubekayo iminikelo ezimisele (NDC), kodwa ngaphandle kolawulo oluzimeleyo, ukuthobela akuqinisekiswangaqinisekwa.

Ukurhoxa kwe-United States kwisivumelwano saseParis phantsi kolawulo lweTrump kunye nokungena kwakhona okulandelayo phantsi kweBiden kubonisa indlela iinguqulelo zezobupolitika kwidemokhrasi ezinokuyiphazamisa ngayo imigudu yemozulu yehlabathi. Okwangoku, isiqinisekiso seTshayina sokukhupha igesi ephezulu ngo-2030 kwaye ifikelele ubundilele bekharbon ngo-2060 sinamandla, kodwa abagxeki bayabuthandabuza ubunyani benkcazelo yayo ekhutshwayo kunye nesantya sokutshintsha kwayo kumalahle. Le mizekelo ibalaselisa uxinezeleko phakathi kolawulo lolawulo lwesizwe nolawulo lwehlabathi lonke.

Izivumelwano zokusingqongileyo ezininzi

Ngapha koko, izivumelwano zokusingqongileyo ezininzi (MEA) njengeNdibano yeMigangatho yee-biological Diversity (CBD) kunye nemithetho yokuziphatha yaseMontreal ibonisa indlela eyahlukileyo enokuba yiyo imodeli enokuba negalelo ngayo. Impumelelo yeProtocol yeMontreal ekukhupheni izinto ezikhutshwayo ze-ozone-ozone ngokwenxenye ibangelwa ngamaxhoba acacileyo, inkxaso yemali kumazwe asakhasayo, kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza elungelelanisayo ejongene neemeko zesizwe. Ngoko, izivumelwano ezintsha ezifana nezo zeplastiki nentlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo zinokudibana neengxaki ezisuka kwimisebenzi emikhulu nakumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ulawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe luquka abadlali abangengomazwe: izixeko, imimandla, iinkampani, kunye ne-NGOS abakha imibutho elungelelanisela ukuqhuba imozulu. Umzekelo, uthungelwano lweziXhobo zezixeko ezingama-C40 ludibanisa oosodolophu abasuka kwizixeko zedemokhrasi kunye nezolawulo olungqongqo ngokufanayo ukuze babelane ngezona zinto zilungileyo. Aba badlali bamazwe ngamanye amaxesha banokuyiphepha inkqubela eyenzekayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba imodeli ephambili yolawulo.

Ukuthelekisa okunempumelelo: Imetrics kunye nophando lwetyala

Ukwahlula indlela eyahluke ngayo imodeli ezilawulayo kwindlela elawula ngayo inkqubo yokusingqongileyo kufuneka uqwalasele ngenyameko imichiza efana nokuncitshiswa komoya, ukukhuselwa komoya namanzi, ukukhuselwa kwezidalwa ezahlukeneyo, kunye nenkqubela kwinjongo yemozulu. Umfanekiso untsonkothileyo: ezinye iidemokhrasi (umz., iJamani, Denmark) ziphumele unciphiso olubalulekileyo lokhupho lwemveliso lombane ngelixa ezinye (umz., iUnited States) zifunyaniswe ngenxa ye-prentingmentation. Amanye amazwe e-athoritarian (umz. Tshayina) aye enza inkqubela entle ephinda ifumane amandla, kodwa umgangatho wawo wonke wokusingezwa kwemeko-bume uhlala mkhulu.

[[FLT: 0] Isifundo sekharbon Pricing: ikharbon Pricing. iinkqubo zekharbon ezilawulayo (irhafu yecarbon kunye ne-trade) zithathwa ngokubanzi njengezixhobo ezisebenzayo zezoqoqosho zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komphunga. Ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwidemokhrasi: irhafu yekharbon, eyaqaliswa ngo1991 kwaye ngoku phakathi kweyona iphezulu ehlabathini, iye yanceda ukuhlisa ukukhutshwa komphunga ngexesha loqoqosho. ICanada yaqalisa inkqubo yekharbon ephambili emva kweminyaka yengxoxo kunye nokutyhalela iphondo. Amaphondo aye asebenza ngokucompula athoza ekusebenziseni ikharbon e-byn i-intercieting; ucwangciso lwezoshishino lwesizwe olundululweyo lwe-Tshayina ngo-201 kodwa ekuqaleni kobuzwe kuphela lwe-data kunye nolawulo.

[[FLT: 0] Isifundo se-Renetic Energy Transition. Ulawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nolawulo olungqongqo luye lwasebenzisa kakhulu ekuvuselelweni. Utshintsho lwaseJamani (olungalawulekiyo) lwaqhutywa yimiqathango yengca, ukufunxa i-inter-imperations, ukufunxa i-evential, kunye nokuvumelana kwezopolitiko ngaphaya kwamaqela. Ulwandiso lwelanga nomoya, ngokungafaniyo, lwacetywa kwaye lwaphulwa. Zombini ezi ndlela ziye zaphumelela kwiindleko zobugcisa ezisezantsi emhlabeni wonke, kodwa imodemodemo yedeli iye yakhuthaza ukwamkelwa koluntu kunye nokulawulwa kwasekuhlaleni, ngelixesha eliqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwe-demodeli ekuxhaseni okuncinane.

Ucelomngeni Namathuba Angaphaya Kwemizekelo Yolawulo

Imodeli nganye elawulayo ijongene nocelomngeni olukhethekileyo ekusingatheni imicimbi yemeko-bume, kodwa ikwanika amathuba okuqalisa nokusebenzisana.

Ingxaki Zedemokhrasi: I-ugarita, Ukuhlaliswa Kwegazi, Nokungalawuleki Okufutshane

Iinkqubo zedemokhrasi zichanabeke kwimijikelo yezobupolitika: unyulo rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa lungakhuthaza iinkqubo ezinikezela ngeengenelo zexesha elifutshane ngaphezu kokuxhaswa ixesha elide. Ukukhutshwa ngemfuno yefosili kungawenza buthathaka umthetho wemozulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukususwa kwemimandla engaphandle ngokwemo-mhlaba ngokungafaniyo /ngokukhethekileyo kumazwe afana ne-United States/i-accan iguqula inkqubo yokusingqongileyo ibe ngumba ohlukanisayo, ithintela intsebenziswano ye-bipartislan. Ukwahlulo lwaseburhulumente luthetha ukuba abameli bemekobume bemekobume banokungabi nagunya lokunxibelelana kumacala afana namandla, ezothutho, kunye nezoli.

Iingxaki Zokungagunyaziswa: Ukungabi Nanto Ifanelekileyo Nokuziphendulela

Ulawulo lobugunya lungawubetha ngoyaba umonakalo wemekobume de ube yimeko-bume, kwaye kwanangoko, lungacinezela ulwazi. Ngaphandle kolawulo olukhululekileyo okanye iinkundla ezizimeleyo, kukho uxinzelelo oluncinane lokulungisa indlela. Ukubekwa kwamandla kungakhokelela kwimisebenzi emikhulu eneziphumo zemekobume etshabalalisayo . Ngokufana namadama asusa iindawo okanye ukungcola okubangelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo yokulima engenakufikeleleka. Noko ke, xa inkokeli ye-athoritacity okanye iqela likhetha ukubeka indawo entle, linokukhuthaza oovimba bendalo kwaye linyanzele ukuthobela ngokukhawuleza kunedemokhrasi.

Amathuba Okufunda Phakathi Nezicombululo Ezihlasisiweyo

Akukho modeli yolawulo lunegunya elipheleleyo kwinkqubo elungileyo yokusingqongileyo. Ulawulo lwezibonelelo lungafunda kubuchule bolawulo olunegunya lokulawula ukuzalisekisa iinjongo zexesha elide nokuzuza utyalo-mali olukhawulezileyo. Amazwe anegunya angafunda ekubonakaleni kolawulo-moya, ukudibana koluntu, kunye nokujongwa kwazimele. Iimodeli kunye namaziko amazwe ngamazwe anokukwazi ukwenza oku kulula oku. Umzekelo, [[FOLD:]] Iqela le-Inter Computer kwi-Cential Change (IPCC)[FLT][FFF:1] [IFFF]]] ibonelela izigqibo zenzululwazi ezichaza zonke iintlobo zokulawula. [[FLT:]

Isiphelo: Imicimbi Yokulawula, Kodwa Inyathelo Linokwenzeka

Ulwalamano phakathi kwemodeli yolawulo kunye nenkqubo yokusingqongileyo aluthinteli ncam. Imikhosi yolawulo ingasilela ukwenza utshintsho lwemozulu ngenxa yokungafezeki kwezobupolitika, kwaye ulawulo olunegunya eliphantsi lungafumana iziphumo ezinomtsalane zemekobume xa iinkokeli ziyenza ibe yeyona iphambili. Noko ke, kuvela ezinye iinkalo: iinkqubo zedemokhrasi zidla ngokuvelisa imigaqo-siseko ecacileyo, eqinileyo nengenasiphelo, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-demokhrasi zinokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kodwa ngokufuthi ngexabiso lobutyala kunye nokuzinziswa kwexesha elide.

Isenzo semozulu esisebenzayo sifuna umanyano lwamaziko anamandla, uluvo lwezobupolitika, kunye nenkxaso kawonke-wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngumzekelo wolawulo olunjani. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile, njengoko kungekho lizwe linokucombulula imozulu yodwa. Ngokuqonda indlela eyahlukileyo imizekelo yolawulo elawulayo esingatha ngayo inkqubo yemekobume kunye notshintsho lwemozulu, singayila iindlela ezisebenzisa amandla enkqubo nganye ngoxa izama ukulwa nobuthathaka bayo. Indlela ephambili ifuna ukulawulwa ngokwendlela eyahlukeneyo: ukufunda kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukwenza bonke oorhulumente baphendule, kwaye bakhe umbutho womhlaba wonke oweqaqaqa ugqitha imida yezobupolitika.