Table of Contents

Ukuqonda indlela amavoti akhethwa ngayo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli waseMelika. Inkqubo yeElectoral College imela enye yezona mpawu zahlukileyo zedemokhrasi yaseUnited States, ebandakanya amaqondo amaninzi, angqongqo ee-astrime, kunye neenkqubo zoqinisekiso eziqinisekisa ukufuduswa koxolo kwamandla rhoqo kwiminyaka emine.

Yintoni Ikholeji yase-Electoral?

I-Electoral College asiyondawo yokoqobo kodwa yinkqubo eyasekwa ngumGaqo-siseko waseUnited States wokukhetha umongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli. OoTata Abasunguli bayimisela kumGaqo-siseko, ngokwenxalenye, njengokulungelelanisa phakathi konyulo lukaMongameli ngevoti eKhomishini kunye nonyulo loMongameli ngevoti edumile yabemi abafanelekayo.

Inkqubo ye-Electoral College iquka ukhetho lwabanyuli, intlanganiso yabanyuli apho bavotela khona uMongameli noMongameli oMongameli, nokubalwa kwamavoti abavoti abavotiyo nguKhonkxa-mbutho. Le nkqubo yenyathelo elininzi ibiyinxenye esisiseko yonyulo lomongameli waseMelika ukususela ekusungulweni kwesizwe, nangona iye yaguquka ngokupheliswa komgaqo-siseko kwiinkulungwane.

Inani Elipheleleyo Leectoral Votes

Kukho abanyuli abangama-538 ngoku, bonke, kuquka iWashington, D.C. abanyuli abathathu. Eli nani lahlala lingaguquguquki ukususela ngo1964 kwaye limele izibalo ezithile ezisekelwe kwisakhiwo sikarhulumente worhulumente wezwe.

Iyonke imivoti yabavoti ngu 538, ebonakalisa i100 Abameli + 435 Abameli 3 + kwi DC. Ukuphumelela umongameli, uninzi olulula lwevoti (270 okanye ngaphezulu) luyafuneka ukunyulela umongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli. Oku kuthetha ukuba umvoti kufuneka akhuseleke ubuncinane kumavoti angama-7070 abanyuli abaphuma kuma-58 afumanekayo ukuze afune ukoyisa.

Indlela Ielectoral Votes Ezakhelwe Ngayo EUnited States

Ukusasazwa kwamavoti phakathi kwemibutho kulandela inkqubo yomgaqo-siseko emele amaqhina abathunywa abaququzelela ubuzwe. Ukuqonda olu lwabilo kubalulekile ekuqondeni isizathu sokuba amazwe ahlukeneyo athwale ubunzima obahlukeneyo kunyulo lomongameli.

Ifomu yomgaqo-siseko

URhulumente ngamnye unikwa inani lamavoti alingana nenani labameli nabameli kwiqela lakhe leKhonkxale yase-U.S. .2 amavoti abaququzeleli bayo kwiNdlu yeQela yase-U.S. kunye nenani leevoti elilingana nenani lemida yeBhunga. Olu hlobo luqinisekisa ukuba lonke ilizwe, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani, linolizwi elithile kunyulo lomongameli.

Ngenxa yokuba lonke ilizwe lineejenali ezimbini yaye ubuncinane lingummeli omnye, kwanamazwe ancinane afumana amavoti amathathu anyuliweyo. Ngokomzekelo, iWyoming — elona lizwe lincinane ngabemi — linendawo encinane ekwabini kweevoti ezintathu ezikhethiweyo, ngoxa iKhalifoniya — elona lizwe likhulu linguluntu — linamavoti angama - 54 akhethiweyo.

Indima Yobalo

Iivoti ze-Electoral zinikwa i-United States ngokusekelwe kubalo. Yonke iminyaka elishumi, i-United States yenza ukubalwa kwabantu ukubala abantu, kwaye le miphumo ichaza ukuba liphi abameli abafumana kwiNdlu yabameli.

Kwiminyaka eli-10, iziphumo zobalo zimisela indlela ezihlalo kwiNdlu yabameli ezahlulwe ngayo, kwaye amaphondo angafumana okanye aphulukane namavoti akhethiweyo ngokufanelekileyo. Izabelo zisekelwe kunyulo lobalo lwama-202020 kwaye ziyasebenza kunyulo lomongameli lwama-2024 noloma 2028.

Washington, D.C.'s Electoral Votes

Ngaphantsi koMgaqo-siseko wama-23 weSichithi saseColumbia, iSithili sabelwa abanyuli abathathu kwaye siphathwa njengeSizwe ngeenjongo zeElectoral College. Le sivumelwano, saqinisekiswa ngowe-1961, sanikwa abemi bekomkhulu lesizwe ilungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kunyulo lobumongameli, nangona bengekameleli ngokupheleleyo.

Indlela Abakhethwa Ngayo Abacebisi

Phambi kokuba amavoti akhethiweyo abelwe, abavoti kufuneka kuqala bakhethwe. Le nkqubo yokukhetha iyahluka ngokwemeko kodwa ilandela imilinganiselo jikelele emiselwe ngumthetho wezwe kunye neenkqubo zeqela lezobupolitika.

Inkqubela Yokhetho

Amaqela ezobupolitika esizwe ngasinye akhetha eyawo intsimbi enokuba ngabanyuli, kwaye ngubani onyulwe ukuba abe ngumnyuli, njani, kwaye xa ehluka ngokwesizwe. Abahlalutyi badla ngonyulwa ngamagosa okanye amalungu abalulekileyo, kwaye indlu yowiso-mthetho nganye yesizwe imisela inkqubo kunye nexesha lokukhetha abanyuli bayo.

Noko ke, kukho imiqathango yomgaqo-siseko yokuba ngubani onokusebenza njengomnyuli. Inqaku II lomGaqo-siseko lithintela abahlali bengingqi namalungu eKhomishini ukuba basebenze njengabanyuli. Oku kwahlukana kuqinisekisa ukuba amasebe owiso-mthetho kunye negunya eliphetheyo ahlala ahlukile ngexesha lonyulo.

Okwenzekayo Xa Uchwayitile

AmaMerika amaninzi awaqondi ukuba xa ephosa ivoti yawo ngoSuku loNnyulo, akavoti ngqo kumntu oza kuthatha inxaxheba kumongameli. Xa uvotela umlandeli wobuMongameli, akunguye ngokwenene ovotayo kuMongameli. Uxelela uRhulumente wakho ukuba liliphi iqabane ofuna uRhulumente wakho livote kwintlanganiso yabanyuli.

Xa amaMerika efaka izivotelo zawo ngoSuku lokhetho, angobuchule bokuvota ityala labanyuli abazimisele ukuxhasa ukhetho lwabo lomongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli. IUnited States isebenzisa ezi ziphumo zonyulo jikelele (esaziwa ngokuba yivoti edumileyo) ukumisela abanyuli bawo, kwaye iqela lezopolitiko leRhulumente eliphumeleleyo likhetha abantu abaza kuba ngabanyuli.

Ukuthatha umphumeleli- Zonke iminxeba. Inkqubo yorhwebo

Ukuqonda ezi ndlela zingafaniyo kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela amaphulo kamongameli asetyenziswa ngayo nasizathu sokuba amazwe athile afumane ingqalelo engakumbi kunamanye.

Inqanawa ethatha-onke

Wonke amaZwe, ngaphandle kweMaine neNebraska, anendlela yokufumana ingeniso apho uRhulumente ukhangela kuphela kumvuzo opheleleyo wevoti ethandwayo ngurhulumente jikelele. Kumazwe angamashumi asibhozo naku Washington, D.C., ophumeleleyo ufumana zonke iivoti zonyulo zelo lizwe.

Le ndlela yokufumana ithetha ukuba umncomi ophumeleleyo ngomda omxinwa ufumana zonke iivoti zikarhulumente. Le nkqubo inentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kumacebo ephulo, njengoko abaza kuthabatha ukhuphiswano bejonge kakhulu kukhuphiswano "kumazwana okutsala" apho isiphumo singaqinisekanga.

Indlela Engaqhelekanga Yokufikelela kweNebraska

Maine neNebraska zimisela abavoti ngabanye abasekelwe kumvuzo wovoti oqhelekileyo kwisithili ngasinye seKhonkcotha kwaye emva koko 2 "aayinkulu" abanyuli abasekelwe kumvuzo wovoti exhaswe lilizwe lonke. Le nkqubo yolungelelwaniso ivumela la mazwe ukuba ahlule amavoti awo akhethiweyo phakathi kwabatshati.

Nangona kunqabile ukuba uMaine okanye Nebraska abe nevoti eyahlulweyo, nganye yenze oku kabini: Nebraska ngo-2009, Maine ngo-2016, kunye noMaine kunye neNebraska ngo-2020. Oku kubonisa ukuba nangona inkqubo yesithili sengqungquthela ingenza iziphumo ezohlukeneyo, ihlala ingaqhelekanga nakula mazwe mabini.

Isetifiketi Sesiqinisekiso

Emva koSuku lokhetho, amazwe kufuneka abhale iziphumo zonyulo lwawo ngokusemthethweni kwinkqubo yokufaka isatifiketi. Olu xwebhu lusebenza njengesiseko esisemthethweni sevoti yeElectoral College.

Emva konyulo jikelele, uMphathi-mikhosi weRhulumente yakho ulungiselela iSatifiketi soKweyiseka samagama abo bonke abantu kwizileti zomvotelwa ngamnye, inani levoti nganye eyamkelwayo kwaye ibonisa ukuba ngabaphi abanyulwa njengabanyulwa beRhulumente yakho.

IElectoral Count Reform Act yowama-2022 ifuna ukuba urhulumente ngamnye amisele igosa lorhulumente — ngaphandle kokuba lichazwe ngenye indlela — ukuba libe nembopheleleko yokunikezela "isiqinisekiso sokuqinisekisa" echaza abanyuli belizwe kwaye iquke umcimbi wokhuseleko. Olu tshintsho lwenziwe ukomeleza ingqibelelo nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yokuvota.

Naziphi na iimpikiswano eziphakathi kwamatyala abanyuli kufuneka ziconjululwe nguDec. 11, 2024, xa umphathi ophetheyo wesizwe ngasinye ebonakalisa isiqinisekiso sonobumba wesiqinisekiso sokutyumba abanyulwa ngabavoti abakhethiweyo kunyulo oluqhelekileyo. Lo mhla wexesha, owaziwa ngokuba "likhuselekileyo" ixesha lokubhaliswa kweli xesha, uqinisekisa ukuba la manqaku anexesha lokusombulula naziphi na iimpikiswano phambi kokuba abavoti bahlangane ukuvota.

Ixesha Nalapho Abaphandi Badibana Khona Noomatshini Bokudlala

Ukuvota okuyinyaniso kwenzeka iiveki eziliqela emva koSuku loNnyulo, kulandela ixesha elibekiwe ngumthetho wesizwe. Le ntlanganiso imela unyulo olusemthethweni lukamongameli nosekela-mongameli.

Intlanganiso KaDisemba

Intlanganiso yabavoti iyenzeka ngoLwesibini lokuqala emva koLwesibini emva konyulo lwesibini ngoDisemba. Abanyuli kwilizwe ngalinye badibana ukuze bakhethe umongameli nosekela-mongameli waseUnited States, yaye phantse basoloko bedibana ngokobuqu kwikomkhulu lesithili selinye iphondo okanye urhulumente.

Abanyuli badibana kwilizwe labo, apho bavota khona uMongameli noMongameli onguMongameli kwivoti eyahlukeneyo. Le mfuneko yokuba abanyuli badibane kumaphondo abo, kunokuba bahlanganise kwindawo enye, yayiyindawo ekhethwe ngabom ngabafaki-zixhobo ukunciphisa ubungozi bokonakala okanye impembelelo engafanelekanga.

Inkqubo Yokuvelisa Iigesi

Abanyuli-mali abangoomongameli "bangathi igama kwivoti yabo umntu avotelwe njengoMongameli, kwaye kwiivoti ezahlukeneyo umntu ovotelwe njengoMphathi-Mongameli, kwaye baza kwenza uluhlu olwahlukileyo lwabo bonke abantu abavotelwe njengoMongameli, kwaye kubo bonke abantu bavotelwe njengoBuongameli obunguKhosi, kunye nenani lamavoti, ezidweliswe ziza kutyikitya kwaye zigqibelele. Olu lwimi lusuka ngqo ukusuka kuMgaqo-siseko we-12.

Abavoti beRhulumente yakho babhaliwe kwiSatifiketi seVote, esilungiselelwe kwintlanganiso ngabanyuli bathumele kwiBhunga, apho amavoti abalwa khona, nakwi-NARA, njengenxalenye yeengxelo ezisemthethweni zonyulo loMongameli. Iikopi ezininzi zezi siqinisekiso zidalwe zathunyelwa kumagosa ahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amavoti abhalwe kakuhle kwaye agcinwe.

Ukudluliswa Kwemigca Efileyo

Iziqinisekiso zovoti kufuneka zifumaneke ngoLwesithathu lwesine ngoDisemba, ongonyaka we-25, umhombiso wale ntlanganiso uthumela iiseti zezatifiketi kwiBhunga okanye phambi kokuba iBhunga elitsha lidibane ngoJan., 2025. Ezi zigqibo zingqongqo ziqinisekisa ukuba zonke iivoti ezikhethiweyo zibhalwe kakuhle kwaye zidluliselwe phambi kwentlanganiso yokubala kombutho.

Abahlalutyi Abangenalukholo: Ngaba Abanikezi Boluvo Banokuthetha Ngokwahlukileyo?

Omnye umbuzo osoloko uphakama kukuba ngaba abavoti bayafuneka ukuba bavote abaphumelele kwivoti ethandwayo yelizwe. Impendulo iyahluka ngokwemeko kwaye ibingumbandela weengxaki ezisemthethweni.

Abahlalutyi ababotshwanga ngumGaqo-siseko okanye umthetho wesizwe ukuba bavote ngokwevoti eqhelekileyo kwilizwe labo; noko ke, amaphondo angama-38 kunye neWashington, D.C., anemithetho endaweni efuna abanyuli ukuba bavote umvoteli weqela labo abathenjiweyo. Le mithetho karhulumente izimisele ukuqinisekisa ukuba abanyuli bahlonela ukuthanda kwabavoti abawakhethileyo.

Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo kwiChiafalo v. Washington (2020) sawisa umthetho wokuba amatyala avunyelwe ukunyanzelisa izigwebo ``kuquka iintengiso, indawo njengomnyuli, kunye nokubekwa ityala elinokubekwa engxengxeni (abanyuli abangakholwayo," okanye abo bavotela ngokuchasene nevoti ethandwayo kwilizwe labo. Esi sigqibo sacaciswa ukuba igunya elisemthethweni lichaza ukuba libophelele abavoti babo kwisiphumo sovoti esiqhelekileyo.

Inkqubo Yobalo Lwengqungquthela

Isigaba sokugqibela nesibonakalayo sokuvota kwabanyulwa sibakho kwiNgqungquthela, apho amalungu amagumbi omabini ahlanganisana ukuze abhale ngokusemthethweni iziphumo aze avakalise ukuba umongameli uphumelele kunyulo.

Intlanganiso edityanisiweyo yengqungquthela

Iivoti zeRhulumente nganye zibalwa kwintlanganiso yeKhonkethi edityanisiweyo ngomhla wesithandathu kuJanuwari kunyaka olandelayo kwintlanganiso yabanyuli, apho aMalungu endlu neNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu ukuqhuba ubalo olusemthethweni lwevoti zabavoti.

Umongameli onguMongameli oyisekela, njengoMongameli weNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, ukhokela ekubaleni kwaye uvakalisa iziphumo zevoti ye-Electoral College. Isekela lomongameli liya kuvula iziqinisekiso zevoti lize lizidlulisele kumalungu amabini endlu nakumalungu amabini eBhunga, abala amavoti.

Umongameli oyisekela we-United States, njengoMongameli weNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, ukhokela ubalo ngendlela yolungiselelo engqongqo kwaye uchaza iziphumo zevoti. Le ndima yesithethe iye yacaciswa yaza yaqiniswa lutshintsho lwakutshanje.

UMthetho woTshintsho wama-2022

Emva kweempikiswano ezinxulumene nonyulo lwama-2020, iKhomishini yakhupha utshintsho olubalulekileyo ukuze icacise yaye iqinise inkqubo yokubala kwevoti. Ingqungquthela yadlulisela i-Electoral Count Reform Act ngo-2022, eyacacisa ukuba indima yesekela lomongameli ekongameleni kwintlanganiso yeBhunga.

Lo mThetho wenza kube nzima ngakumbi kumalungu eBhunga ukuba acel ’ umngeni abanyuli bakarhulumente ngokunyusa umda ube ngama-20% amalungu egumbi ngalinye, kanti ngaphambili, kwakufuneka ilungu elinye lendlu kunye negosa elinye ukuphakamisa impikiswano. Lo mqobo uphezulu wenza iimpikiswano ezingeyomfuneko kakhulu ngeli xesha ulondoloza amandla eBhunga elifanelekileyo okuphendula imicimbi.

Amandla enjongo

Zizizathu ezibini kuphela zokungavumelani ezamkelekileyo: ukuba abanyuli bakaRhulumente babengagunyaziswanga ngokusemthethweni phantsi kweSatifiketi soMqinisekisi, okanye ukuba ukhetho lwabanyuli omnye okanye abangaphezulu alunikwanga rhoqo. Ezi ziqinisekiso zixineneyo zithintela ukuphikisa okusekelwe ekungavumelani jikelele neziphumo zonyulo.

Ukuba kunikelwa izichasi, iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yaMagumbi ukuqwalasela inzuzo yochaso phantsi kweenkqubo ezibekwe kumthetho weFederal. Igumbi ngalinye linengxoxo kunye namavoti ngokwahlukeneyo nokuba ngaba ukuxhasa ukuchasana.

Ukuvakalisa Onempumelelo

Ukuba kukho uninzi oluphumeleleyo olunamavoti angama-70 yaye akukho zimvo ziphumelelayo ezibekwa ngamalungu eBhunga, unyulo lomongameli luqinisekisiwe luphinde ludlule. UMongameli weNdlu yeeNtsimikazi ngoko uvakalisa ukuba ngoobani abantu abanyulwe njengoMongameli noMongameli onguMongameli waseUnited States ukuba ukho.

Kwenzeka Ntoni Ukuba Inkoliso Ingenalo Icebo Lokuphumelela?

Ngelixesha inqabileyo, inkqubo ye-Electoral College iquka amalungiselelo emeko apho kungekho mvoti ufumana ivoti ezingama-70 ezifunekayo. Le ngxelo, eyaziwa njengonyulo lonyulo lohlanga, iguqula amandla okwenza isigqibo kwiBhunga.

Indlu Ibek ’ Ityala UMongameli

Ukuba akukho mvoti woMongameli ophumelele ubuncinane amavoti angama-70 (uninzi lwamavoti angama-58 akhoyo), phantsi koMphetho-mvakalo we-12 womGaqo-siseko iNdlu yabameli imisela unyulo loMongameli.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iNdlu izakunyula uMongameli ngovoti oluninzi, ikhetha phakathi kwabathathu abathe bafumana inani elikhulu leevoti. Noko ke, le asiyovoti esesikweni apho ummeli ngamnye unevoti enye.

Ivoti izakuthathwa nguRhulumente, iRhulumente nganye inevoti enye, kwaye iSithili saseColumbia asivoti kuba asinamalungu okuvota kwiNdlu yabameli. Oku kuthetha ukuba iWyoming neKhalifoniya zinokuba nobunzima obulinganayo ekukhetheni umongameli phantsi kwesi siganeko.

INdlu YeziNtsimbi Ibonakalisa Umongameli OnguMongameli Olilungisa

Ukuba akukho sekela linguMongameli ofumana amavoti angama-70 (uninzi lweevoti ezingama-538 ezikhoyo), phantsi koMphengululo we-12 iNdlu yeQela ikhetha uMongameli onguMongameli osisigxina ngovoti-mali abaninzi, ikhetha phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba ababini abafumana inani elikhulu leevoti. Isekela ngalinye liza kuba nevoti enye.

Le nkqubo isenokuphumela kumongameli nakwisekela lomongameli wamaqela ezobupolitika ahlukeneyo ukuba iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu yeNtlanganiso yenza ukhetho olwahlukileyo. Nangona lunqabile kwimbali yamaMerika, iinkqubo zihlala zilukhuselo olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomgaqo-siseko.

IziHlanziso zembali nezomGaqo-siseko

IElectoral College yavela ngokuphawulekayo ukususela ekuyilweni kwayo ngo - 1787. Ukuqonda le ndaleko kusinceda siqonde isizathu sokuba inkqubo yanamhlanje isebenze ngendlela eyiyo.

IsiHlomelo Se - 12

Imithetho elawula iElectoral College idweliswe yiSinyuso seshumi elinesibini. Le mithetho iqinisekisiwe ngo1804, yatshintsha indlela abanyuli abavota ngayo. Ekuqaleni, abanyuli bavota izihlandlo ezibini zomongameli, kunye nembaleki eyaba lisekela lomongameli. Le nkqubo yadala iingxaki xa amaqela ezobupolitika evela, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwingxaki yonyulo yowe-1800.

ISiminxi se-12 soHlaziyo safuna abachongi ukuba bafake amavoti ahlukeneyo kumongameli nakwisekela lomongameli, bethintela ukudideka neengxabano ezazinokubakho phantsi kwenkqubo yokuqala.

Uhlaziyo Lwe - 23

Kwimbali emininzi yaseMerika, abemi baseWashington, D.C., babengenakuvota kunyulo lomongameli. Ukwenziwa kweSiphengululo sama-23 se-1961 savumela abemi baseSithilini saseColumbia ukuba babe nenxaxheba kunyulo lomongameli kunye nabo; bebesoloko benabanyuli abathathu. Oku kulungiswa kwanwebela inani lamakhulu amawaka abemi baseMelika ababekhutshwe kunyulo lomongameli.

Indima Yezongxamiseko

Amasebe amaninzi asekuhlaleni adlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwenkqubo yeElectoral College, nangona engenagunya phezu kokukhethwa konyulo okanye imiphumo yonyulo.

I-Ofisi yeFederal Register (OFR) iyinxalenye yoLawulo logcino-lwazi nolwamaZiqinisekiso zeSizwe (NARA) kwaye, ngenxa yoMbhishophu we-United States, ilungelelanisa imisebenzi ethile ye-Electoral College phakathi kwe-United States neKhomishini, nangona ingenandima ekumiseleni abanyuli kwaye ingenanxibelelwano nabo.

Ugcino-zincwadi lwesiZwe lufumana luze lugcine izatifiketi zovotelo ezisemthethweni ezivela kwiphondo ngalinye, lugcine la maxwebhu njengenxalenye yengxelo esisigxina yembali. Lo msebenzi wogcino-lwazi uqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukubonakala okucacileyo kwaye unika umthombo onegunya kwiziphumo ezisemthethweni zonyulo lomongameli.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Ukuqonda ixesha elipheleleyo kunceda kucacise indlela eyahlukeneyo inkqubo ye Electoral College elingana ngayo kunye. Nantsi ucalulo olubanzi lwemihla engundoqo kunye nommiselo wexesha:

[[FLT: 0] Usuku lokhetho: Unyulo jikelele lubakho rhoqo kwiminyaka emine emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba. Abachongi balahla iibhola ngencwadi yabo ekhethelwe abavoti.

I-December (Indawo ekhuselekileyo yezibuko elifileyo): Amazwe kufuneka asombulule naziphi na iimpikiswano aze agqibe iSatifiketi sawo seSiqinisekiso seSimo seMbali, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabachongi bakhethwayo.

IMid-Deceber (Abaphengululi Bayadibana): Abacebisi bahlanganisa kumakomkhulu abo elizwe ukuphosa amavoti abo kamongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli.

Disemba: Iziqinisekiso zovotelo mazidluliselwe kwi Congress nakuMnqongo wogcino-lwazi weSizwe.

[[UMTL: 0] Januwari 3: IBhunga elitsha lifunghiswe ngaphakathi.

[[UMTL: 0] Januwari 6: intlanganiso edityanisiweyo ubala iivoti ezikhethiweyo nokubhengeza uphumelele.

[[NTL:0] Januwari 20: uMongameli onguMlawuli noMongameli onguSekela-Mongameli uthatha i-Ofisi kwaye abe nguMongameli we-United States kunye noMongameli-Mongameli wase-United States ngokulandelelanayo.

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Ngeentloko Eziphezulu

Iimbono eziliqela eziphosakeleyo ziyaqhubeka ngendlela abavoti abavoti abakhethwa ngayo nokuba iyiphi indima eyenziwa ngamagosa ahlukeneyo kule nkqubo. Ukucacisa oku kungaqondani kubalulekile ukuze abantu bathembe inkqubo yokuvota.

Umongameli Ongusekela - mandla Akanakukwala Ukuthengisa

Enye into ecacileyo eyathi yafumana ingqalelo ebudeni bonyulo lwama-2020 yayiyingcamango yokuba isekela lomongameli linamandla okwamkela okanye okuchasa amavoti. IElectoral Count Reformation Act yo-2022 yacacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba indima yesekela lomongameli ingeyosithethe kwaye yeyobulungiseleli. Isekela lomongameli livula iziqinisekiso kwaye lilawula ubalo kodwa alinagunya lokugqiba ukuba yiyiphi ivoti esemthethweni okanye ukuguqula iziphumo.

Intelekelelo yamajelo eendaba Ayiziyo imiphumo esemthethweni

Ngobusuku bonyulo, imibutho yamajelo eendaba ivelisa abaphumeleleyo ngokusekelwe kumanani evoti kunye nohlalutyo lwezibalo. Noko ke, ezi ziphumo azikho ngokusemthethweni. Inkqubo esemthethweni ibandakanya ukubhaliswa kwetyala, intlanganiso yabachongi ngoDisemba, kunye nobalo lwengqungquthela ngoJanuwari. Ngoxa iingxelo zonxibelelwano zichanekile, zimela uqikelelo oluchanekileyo kunokuba zimela izigqibo ezingokwasemthethweni.

Imveliso Ethandwayo Yahlukile

Kunokwenzeka uphumelele kwiElectoral College kodwa ulahlekelwe yivoti ethandwayo, kwaye oku kwenzeka ngo 2016, 2000, kunye namaxesha amathathu kuma 1800. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iElectoral College ifumana amabhaso kwivoti yesizwe ngesiseko sombuso kunokuba kusekelwe kwivoti exhaswe lilizwe. Umbambeli angaphumelela umongameli ngokufumana amazwe aneleyo ukuze afikelele kumavoti angama-270, nokokuba omnye umvotelwayo ufumana ivoti epheleleyo kwilizwe lonke.

Ukufumaneka okucace gca kunye nokufikelela koluntu

Ngoxa inkqubo yeElectoral College ibandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi ezisemthethweni, ichaza ukuba zinikela ngamanani ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa ngabantu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abavoti bakaRhulumente ngamnye kwivoti yeRhulumente yabo, kwaye uRhulumente ngamnye umisela ukuba ukuvota kuvulelwe okanye akunjalo kusini na kuluntu. Amanye amazwe avumela abemi ne-media ukuba baqwalasele ivoti yonyulo, ngelinye ixesha abanye benza inkqubo ngonikezelo olulinganiselweyo lukawonke-wonke.

Abo banomdla wokuqwalasela inkqubo yokuvota karhulumente, ukuqhagamshelana ne-ofisi yerhuluneli okanye unobhala karhulumente kunganikela ulwazi malunga nokufikelela koluntu kunye nenkqubo yokubona. Izatifiketi ngokwazo ziba ziirekhodi zikawonke wonke ezakhe zathunyelwa kuVimba lweSizwe, zinika ukukhanya nokuba ngaba inkqubo yokuvota ingevuleki ukuba kuqwalaselwe.

Ukugxekwa Nezindululo Zokuguqula Indalo

IElectoral College ibingumbandela wengxoxo eqhubekayo ukutyhubela imbali yaseMerika, yaye abagxeki nabaxhasi banikela iimbono ezahlukeneyo ngemisebenzi yayo neziphazamiso zayo.

Iimpikiswano Zokufuna Utshintsho

Abagxeki beElectoral College baphikisa ngelithi ibangela iingxaki ezininzi kulawulo-melo lwaseMelika. Le nkqubo ingenza ukuba umongameli angayiphumelelanga ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe, ebonwa njengengenademokhrasi. Indlela yokuphumelela esetyenziswa ngamaphondo ithetha ukuba abazamkeli bajolise kakhulu ekujinga-jingeni amazwe ngeli lixa bengazihoyi kakhulu iindawo apho iziphumo zithelekelelwa khona.

Ukongezelela, ulwahlulo lwemithetho lunika ubunzima obungalinganiyo kumaphondo amancinane. Ngokwe-2023 uqikelelo lwabemi, ivoti enye evoti eWyoming yeengxelo zabantu abamalunga ne-194 000, ngelixa kuvota eTexas, eFlorida okanye eKhalifoniya ityala elingaphezulu kwama-70 000. Oku kuthetha ukuba abavoti kumazwe amancinane banamandla omvoti omninzi kunabavoti kwimimandla emikhulu.

Iimpikiswano Zokulondolozwa

Abameli be-Electoral College baphikisa ngelithi ifeza iinjongo ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yorhulumente waseMerika. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba abaza kuba balawuli kufuneka bakhe imiqolo eyahlukeneyo yelizwe kunokuba bajolise kuphela kwimimandla yedolophu enabemi abaphezulu. Igcina ubukho borhulumente waseUnited States ngokunika amatyala indima kukhetho lomongameli.

Abaxhasi baphawula ukuba iElectoral College ivelise abaphumeleleyo abacacileyo kwaye incedise kuzinzo lwezobupolitika. Indlela yokuphumelela kuzo zonke kumazwe amaninzi idla ngokunyusa umda woloyiso, inika ubhaptizo olunogunya elomeleleyo kunephepha levoti elithandwayo kuphela elinokucebisa.

Ingqokelela yeSizwe ebizwa ngokuba yiVote Interstate

Esinye isindululo sotshintsho esiye safumana igalelo yiNational Popular Vote Interstate Compact. Phantsi kwesi sivumelwano, amazwana athabatha inxaxheba aya kurhoxa kumavoti awo aphumeleleyo kwivoti ethandwayo yesizwe kunokuba aphumelele kwivoti ethandwayo karhulumente. Umanyano lungathatha isiphumo kuphela xa amazwe amele ubuncinane amavoti angama-70, eqinisekisa ukuba umfumani wevoti othandwayo wesizwe uyakuba ngumongameli.

Le ndlela ingenza uvoti edumileyo yesizwe kumongameli ngaphandle kokuba kufuneke kulungiswe umGaqo-siseko. Noko ke, ihlala iphikiswana kwaye ijongene neengxaki ezingokwasemthethweni nezezobupolitika.

Imicimbi yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yakutshanje

Unyulo lomongameli wama - 2020 lwazisa ingqalelo entsha kwinkqubo yeElectoral College lwaza lwabalaselisa ukunqongophala kwemiqathango kwinkqubo eyakhokelela kwiElectoral Count Reformation Act yowama - 2022.

Emva konyulo lwama-2020, abanye abantu bazama ukwenza iziteti ezitshintshiweyo zabanyulwayo kumazwe awiswe nguMongameli Biden. Emva konyulo lwama-2020, olubizwa ngokuba "fake" abanyuli bamaRiphabliki kumaphondo asixhenxe emfazwe aphunyezwe nguMongameli Biden wadibana noko kwaye wafaka iivoti zenkohliso zeTrump, kwaye urhulumente umangalelwa-tyala lolwaphulo-mthetho luye lwabekwa nxamnye nabanyuli benkohliso eGeorgia, Michigan naseNevada.

Ezi ziganeko zabonisa ukubaluleka kwenkqubo ezicacileyo kunye nokhuseleko olunamandla kwinkqubo yokubala kwevoti. UMthetho weElectoral Count Reformation wathetha ngenkomfa eninzi ngokucacisa indima yesithethe somxhasi womongameli, ukuphakamisa umqobo wokuchasa ungquzulwano, nokuqinisa inkqubo yokuqinisekisa.

Iimbopheleleko zomgangatho karhulumente

Ngeli xesha iElectoral College iyiko lorhulumente, amaphondo anembopheleleko ephambili yokuqhuba unyulo nokumisela abanyuli.

URhulumente ngamnye (oquka iSithili saseColumbia seKholeji ye-Electoral) ugqiba ngendlela yokumisela abanyuli bawo; noko ke, kufuneka benze njalo ngokomthetho owiswe phambi koSuku loNnyulo, kwaye okwangoku, onke amaZwe asebenzisa iziphumo ezidumileyo zonyulo jikelele lwangoNovemba ukugqiba ukuba liliphi iqela lezobupolitika elikhetha abo bamiselwe.

Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe zinegunya eliphangaleleyo lokumisela indlela yokunyula abanyuli, nangona eli gunya lingenamida. Iinkundla ziye zathi amatyala amele ahlonele ukukhusela komGaqo-siseko yaye akanakukhetha amalungelo okuvota. Imfuneko yokuba inkqubo imiselwe ngaphambi koSuku lokhetho ithintela ukutshintsha imithetho emva kokuba ibone iziphumo.

Ingqikelelo-magama yehlabathi

I-Electoral College yase-United States ayiqhelekanga kumazwe olawulo-bulunga. Inkoliso yamazwe ikhetha intloko karhulumente okanye intloko yorhulumente ngokuvota okanye ngokukhetha okuqhelekileyo okuqhelekileyo. Inkqubo yaseMerika ibonisa isakhiwo sorhulumente esikhethekileyo saseUnited States kunye nokulalanisa okwenziwa ngexesha leMbutho-siseko.

Ukuqonda iElectoral College kufuna ukuqaphela ukuba iUnited States yiriphabliki karhulumente kunokuba ibe yidemokhrasi yomanyano. Le nkqubo ichaza indima ekukhethweni komongameli, ibonakalisa umgaqo wokuba umongameli umela abantu kunye namaphondo. Lo mbutho ulawulayo wahlula inkqubo yamaMerika kweminye imimandla yolawulo-melo.

Oovimba bolwazi oluthe vetshe

Kubo bafuna ulwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga neElectoral College nendlela ezibalwa ngayo iivoti, kukho oovimba abaliqela abanegunya:

Ugcino-lwazi lohlanga kunye nolawulo lolawulo lugcina ulwazi olubanzi malunga nenkqubo yeKoleji ye-Electoral, kuquka iziphumo zembali, isiqinisekiso sovoti, kunye neengcaciso ezineenkcukacha zeenkqubo. Iwebhsayithi yabo e abaphathi-mikhosi.gov/umatshini-college[ unika uxwebhu olusemthethweni kunye noovimba bemfundo.

IKhomishini yoNnyulo inikela ulwazi ngomthetho kunye neenkqubo zonyulo zezwe lonke, nangona ingenalo igunya elithe ngqo kwinkqubo ye-Electoral College.

Icandelo leSitishi seSizwe [[FLT: 1] ii-ofisi zinika ulwazi malunga neenkqubo ezicacisiweyo zikarhulumente zokutyumba abanyuli nokwenza unyulo lomongameli. Inkqubo nganye karhulumente isenokuhluka ngeenkcukacha, yenza umgangatho woovimba bombuso ube luncedo ekuqondeni iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni.

Inkonzo yophando lophando oluqulethwe yi- ivelisa iingxelo ezineenkcukacha kwi-Electoral College ezinika umongo wembali, uhlalutyo olungokwasemthethweni, kunye neengcaciso zeenkqubo. Ezi ngxelo zifumaneka ngeewebhsayithi neelayibrari zikarhulumente ezahlukeneyo.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yokubala iivoti zonyulo imela inkqubo entsonkothileyo kodwa ecwangciswe ngobuchule eguquke ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini. Ukusuka ekukhethweni kwabavoti abasekelwe kwivoti ezithandwayo zesizwe, ngokudibana kwabo kumakomkhulu ephondo ngoDisemba, ukuya kubalo lokugqibela lwengqungquthela ngoJanuwari, iqonga ngalinye lifeza injongo ekhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa unyulo olusemthethweni nolucacileyo lomongameli.

Ukuqonda le nkqubo kubalulekile kubemi abanolwazi. Ngoxa iElectoral College isaqhubeka iphikisana kwaye iqhubeka ixabana, iyaqhubeka isebenza njengendlela yomgaqo-siseko yokukhetha umongameli nosekela-mongameli waseUnited States. Utshintsho olwenziwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingakumbi iElectoral Count Reformation Act yowama-2022, luye lwayiqinisa inkqubo yaza lwacacisa impikiswano eyadala isiphithiphithiphithi-phithi nempikiswano.

Nokuba ubani uyayixhasa okanye uyayichasa inkqubo ye-Electoral College, eqonda indlela esebenza ngayo ngokwenene, iquka iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokubala iivoti ezikhethiweyo ``inokungenelela ngakumbi kwintetho yedemokhrasi emalunga nonyulo lwaseMerika. Ukuntsonkotha kwenkqubo kubonisa indlela ekhoyo karhulumente waseMelika kunye nolungelelwano olululo phakathi kwelizwe negunya lesizwe eliphawulwe yiUnited States ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo.

Njengokuba amaMelika eqhubeka ephikisana ngeenzuzo zeElectoral College, inkqubo esisiseko yokubala iivoti zonyulo lomongameli ihlala ingundoqo kunyulo, iqinisekisa ukuba amandla adluliswa ngoxolo nangokusemthethweni ngokwenkqubo ezimiselwe ngumGaqo-siseko.