IBhili Yamalungelo Njengomnyam ’ Egoqweni Wokungathobeli Kwabemi

Ukungathobeli kwamakhaya ngokusemthethweni, ukwaphula umthetho wasekuhlaleni njengendlela yokuchasa-phambili, ngokubhekiselele kwimbali yamaMelika. Ukusuka kwiBoston Tea Party ukuya kwindawo yokutyela isidlo sasemini ehlala wapions zoo-1960 kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwemozulu yanamhlanje, izenzo zomthetho oqhutywa sisazela siye savavanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo salungisa umgaqo-mthetho wesizwe. UBill wamalungelo, ogunyazisiweyo ngo1791, unika umchasi-scwe womthetho okhusela nokunyanzela ezo zinto. Ngokuqinisekisa inkululeko esisiseko yentetho, indibano, ukushicilela, kunye nesibongo, iBhili loMalungelo asenza indawo apho ungqubano lungajoliswangalulawulo. Kwangokunjalo xa ulwaphulo-mthetho luye lwaphula. Ukuqonda indlela ezi zinto ezithiweyo ezichazwe ngayo ngemithetho yasekuhlaleni ngaphandle kokungavunyelwa kwemithetho yamakhaya kodwa zikwane mvume yokuquqeqelenelwa.

Isiseko Sembali: UMthetho Wokuqala Wokwenziwa Njengodonga

IsiHlanziso soQala simi njengesiseko somGaqo-siseko sokungathobeli kwabemi. Imigaqo yayo emihlanu `unqulo, intetho, ushicilelo, indibano, kunye nesicelo ```ikhuselwe'' isiseko esingundoqo esenza kube nokwenzeka. Nangona ukupheliswa kombhalo kulula (“ISiphendu asiyi kwenza mthetho owenziwe... ukuvalela inkululeko yokuthetha, okanye yokushicilela; okanye ilungelo labantu lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo, nokubongoza uRhulumente ukuba alungise izikhalazo”), ukusetyenziswa kwalo kokungathobeki kwemi kuyinto ecacileyo.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha Nentetho Yomfuziselo

INkundla ePhakamileyo ithe thaa, yaqonda ukuba uHlaziyo Lokuqala lukhusela kungekuphela nje ukuthetha okanye ukubhalwa kodwa kwakhona nehambo etyhiliweyo. Lo mgaqo ubalulekile ekungathobelini kwabantu, apho isenzo ngokwaso , iflegi itsha, ifake iingalo, iguqe ngexesha lengoma yesizwe, ingumyalezo. [FLT][1] [FLT]] [1] [1] [1] i-Deslocs Independent [ISithi seSikolo soluntu [[FLT]] [69]], iNkube ithenjiwe ukuba abafundi banxibe amabhanti amnyama ukuze baqhathe kwimfazwe yaseVietnam" esemthethweni esemthethweni, ngaphandle kokuba isikolo sibonise ukuba “ihambo entle nengquthathyo. [iqini] [i Fomatise projectivestiki yemfundo] [ignolthi] [iancesticed projectivesssssssss provi

Asizizo zonke izenzo zomfuziselo ezikhuselweyo, noko. Urhulumente angabeka imiqathango esengqiqweni “ngexesha, indawo, kunye nohlobo” ekuthetheni kwizikhululo zikawonke-wonke, ukuba nje ziqulethe i-njniotral, zixhotyiselwe ngokucuthekileyo ukulungiselela inzala ebalulekileyo karhulumente, kwaye zishiye eminye imijelo yonxibelelwano evulekileyo. Oku kulungelelanisa oku kuthetha ukuba abaphulaphuli basekuhlaleni abanakufumana ilungelo lokufumana isiHlaziselo sokuqala sokuvala itrafishi okanye ukuhlala kwisakhiwo sikarhulumente ngokungenasiphelo; urhulumente uyakwazi ukulawula inkxaso yokuqhankcaso ngaphandle kokucinezela umyalezo.

Indibano Yoxolo Nelungelo Lokuhlanganisa

Ingxelo yequmrhu ikhusela ilungelo lokuhlanganisa amaqela ngenjongo zokuchaza. Esi sisiseko esithe ngqo somthetho sokuhamba, ukungquzulana, nokuqhankqalaza. Izigqibo ze-longmark njenge-[FLT] .Hague v. IKomiti ye-Intlangano Yezeemboni[[[FLT]] [1939]] [1939]) iqinisekisa ukuba izitrato, imimandla yendlela, neepaki zisisidlangala soluntu apho abemi banokuhlangana khona ukuze baxubuthe imicimbi kawonke. Inkundla yagawula phantsi kwisiXeko saseJersey simisela imvume yokuba kufunekelwe nayiphi nayiphi na intlanganiso okanye umboniso, ilawula ukuba urhulumente angakwazi ukuqhelisela amalungelo okulawula ulawulo ngaphandle kwemvume kawonke. Le meko ibekwe kwimithetho evumela ukurhoxandelwe ukugatywa kwegunya elingu-o

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, uHlaziyo Lokuqala lukhusela kuphela “indibano”. Ukungathobeli kwamakhaya okutshintshayo kobundlobongela kuphulukana nokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko. Nangona loo mgca, usoloko uxhatshazwa, uqinisa imfundiso yesithethe yokungaphazamisi: ukwaphula umthetho ngendlela engenagonyamelo kulondoloza intengo yokuziphatha neyomthetho yokukhusela.

Ilungelo Lokucela Urhulumente

Igalelo-sikhalazo .amaxesha amaninzi alibelwa kodwa libalulekile ngokwembali, ilungelo lokusebenzisa urhulumente “ukulungisa izikhalazo.” Eli lungelo liguqulelwe ngokubanzi ukuquka ukumangalelana, ukubhena, kunye nezibongozo ezingqalileyo ngokuqhankqalaza. Icebo leNAACP ngexesha le-Civil Rights Movement, elidition, imiboniso kawonke-wonke, kunye nesibongozo, libonisa indlela isibongozo, esisetyenziswa ngayo ukucelela ukucelw'iiiilo ekucelw'iiii imithetho engekho semthethweni ngemijelo emininzi. [ACP] [iv]. Iqhosha [FLT] [12] [12] [12] [FLT] [193], iNkutsho i-Virginia yomthetho ophezulu onokuthi isetyenziswe ngabasebenzi be-Acrigconvents (igrtiption) kunye ne-ography) kunye ne-Genetic.

Uhlaziyo Olokugqibela Olukhuthaza Ukungathobeli Kwamakhaya

Ngoxa uHlaziyo Lokuqala lungundoqo, amanye amalungiselelo akwiBhili yamaLungelo akwabumba imeko engokwasemthethweni yokungathobeli kwabemi.

UMthetho Wesine Wokwenziwa Komhlaba: Ukukhuselwa Kuphando Nezinto Ezingekho Mthethweni

Ababhexeshi, ingakumbi abo babandakanyekileyo ekungathotyelweni kwemibutho yabemi, basengozini yokubanjwa nokuphengululwa. UMthetho-nkqubo wesine ufuna ukuba ukubanjwa nokuphengululwa kusekelwe kwisizathu esilindelekileyo kwaye kuqhutywe ngesiqinisekiso (okanye ngaphakathi kwendlela emiselweyo). Oku kunyanzelisa ukuba urhulumente angakwazi ukunqanda ukuqhatha xa ebanjwa okanye ephengululwa ngokungakhethiyo. [FLT]] [[FLT]] v.[[FLT][FLT] [[3] [1968]], iNkubone ukuba amapolisa anokuqhuba “ukuyeka nokuphengulula okungacacithiweyo" ukuba anokukrokresa ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho, umgangatho ofunekayo, wobugcisa obungaphindiweyo.

IsiHlanzi sesihlanu: Inkqubo Efanelekileyo Nokungavumelani

Ilungelo lokuzimela ithule kwaye ukwalela ukungazivumeli kuyimfuneko ngokukodwa kubantu abangathobeliyo abanokubanjwa. Abachasi-mthetho badla ngokungavumi ukuphendula imibuzo njengengxelo yomgaqo. Isiqinisekiso soMphengululo wesihlanu senkqubo efanelekileyo sikwafuna ukuba urhulumente angahluphi nabani na ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla engenayo inkqubo esesikweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqhankqalazi ababanjwayo bafanele bachotshelwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, abamele ukumanywa ngokusemthethweni, kunye nethuba lokunikela ingxubeko ekwaya imigaqo yokuzikhusela.

Uhlaziyo Lwesibhozo: Inkohlakalo Nesohlwayo Esingaqhelekanga

UH. UHlaziyo lwaseMhlabeni lukwalela ukugqithisa kwebheyile, ukuhlawuliswa okugqithisileyo, kunye nesohlwayo esingaqhelekanga. Eli lungiselelo lichaziwe kucelomngeni lokuphathwa kwabaqhankqalazi, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwegesi yerhabaxa, iimbumbulu zerabha kunye nezinye iimilinganiselo ezikhoyo zokulawula. [[FLT]] Ithemba l. Pelzer[[FLT][2][FLT]][200]] [200], iNkubonakalisa ukuba “ukungakhathali" kwabalindindindiswa kwabalindiva ababanjwa kukhuselo lwentolongo kunokwenza ingcwangu nesohlwayo engaqhelekanga. Nangona imeko ingabandanga, yasekanga ukuchasana okufutshane kumandla agqithisileyo. Kumombo wokungathobeki kwe-emperder, oku kusebenza ngokuvavanywa kwe-e-emon ejongeneemone nxamnye nogonyamelo.

Uphawu lweNkundla Ephakamileyo Oluchaza Umsebenzi Ozakhelwe

Izigqibo eziliqela zeNkundla Ephakamileyo ziye zathetha ngokungqalileyo ngokudibana kweBhili yamaLungelo nokungathobeli kwemiqathango yasekuhlaleni.

[[UMTL:0] Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham (1 969)

Kule meko, iReverend Fred Shuttlesworth yakhokela uhambo eBirmingham, eAlabama, ngaphandle kwemvume emva kokuba amagosa esixeko engazange avume ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba avumele amaqela asekuhlaleni. INkundla Ephakamileyo yaziguqula inkolelo yakhe, isithi imvume yesixeko yanika amagosa imvume engaqinisekanga ukuba avumele imvume esekelwe kwintetho. INkundla yawisa umthetho ongekho mthethweni ngaphandle kokubekwa semthethweni ebusweni bayo kwaye iShutlesbothboth-okruthrith ayinakohlwaywa ngenxa yoko. Eli tyala laqinisekisa ukuba imfuneko evumela ukuba i-itshate i-mvume imele isetyenziswe ku-678enatneral kwaye isekelwe kwinjongo, kwaye yanikela ikhaka elinamandla elingomthetho kubabhinqini bee-cala abajongene.

[[UMTL:0]Hague v. Komiti yeQela lezeMali (1939])

Njengoko kuphawuliwe, eli tyala langqina ukuba izitrato, iipaki, kunye neendlela zesithethe zisetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke. IJaji uRoberts edumileyo wabhala ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ezinjalo “kwamandulo, bekuyinxalenye yamalungelo, ukugonywa, amalungelo, kunye nenkululeko yabemi.” Esi sigqibo sanciphisa inkqubo yemvume eyayifuna abaququzeleli ukufumana imvume kumaziko okhuseleko lukawonke-wonke,” abanokula ngokungenanjongo. Eli tyala lihlala liyisiseko samalungelo okuhlanganisa nokuqhayisa kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke.

[[UMTL: 0] Isithili se-Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School Community (11969)

“Ityala lenqanawa elingekho mthethweni” landisa intetho yomfuziselo kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke. Inkundla yathi abafundi “abawaqeshi amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko enkululeko yokuthetha okanye yokuthetha kwisango lesikolo.” Esi sigqibo siye sacelwa kungekuphela nje kwimibhiyozo yesikolo esekelwe kwi-grand à club kodwa kwanakwiingxubusho ezibanzi eziphathelele umgangatho wehambo yokomfuziselo. Ibonisa ukuba kwanabaselula, kummandla apho ulungelelwaniso luyimfuneko, banelungelo lokubandakanye nokungathobeki kwemithetho yamakhaya engadibani.

[[UMTL: 0] Texas v. Johnson (1998)

Mhlawumbi ityala elingumfanekiso eliquka ukuqhankqalaza kunye noMphetho-mda wokuqala, Texas v. Johnson u-Gregory Lee Johnson wabanjwa phantsi komthetho weTexas ngokutshisa iflegi yaseMelika ngexesha lomboniso wezopolitiko. INkundla ePhakamileyo yajika, ibambe ukuba ukutshiswa kweflegi kukhusela ihambo ekhuselekileyo yeSihlaziyo sokuQonda. Inkundla yaqiqabela ukuba urhulumente akanakukwalela ukuchaza ingcamango ngenxa yokuba ibutho libona imbono ephosakeleyo. Le nto ibangela impikiswano ebalulekileyo kwaye yakhokelela ekubeni imemeze i-mGaqo-mslo ukukhusela iflegi, kodwa umgaqo ongundoqo umgaqo ukhuselwe kwanezona zenzo zomqondiso ezivuselelayo.

[[UMTL:0]NAACP v. Alabama (1958)

Nangona lingathethi ngokuzingca, eli tyala lakhusela ilungelo lokunxulumana ngokukhululekileyo. Ilizwana lase-Alabama lafuna ukunyanzela iNAACP ukuba ityhile uluhlu lwayo lwamalungu, iNkundla eyayinalo eyaya kwaphula ilungelo lokuHlaziya kokuqala. Isigqibo saqonda ukuba ukunyanzela ukutyhilwa kwale ngxelo kunokuthintela abantu ukuba bangene kwiintlangano, ngaloo ndlela kukhuselwe ngokulusizi. Eli tyala libalulekile kwimibutho yabemi balapho kuba ikhusela intlangano kunye namalungu amaqela abandakanyeke ukuqhankca.

Imvelaphi yobuGcisa nolungelelwaniso loMgaqo-siseko

Isiseko somthetho esibunjwe yiBhili yamaLungelo sivumelana nesithethe sentanda-bulumko sokungathobeli kwabemi esichazwa ziinkcuba - buchopho njengoHenry David Thoreau, uMahma Gandhi, kunye noMartin Luther King Jr. Isincoko sika-1849 esithi “SisiQinisekiso” sathi abantu banomsebenzi ofanelekileyo wokuxhathisa imithetho engekho sikweni, nokuba oko kuxhathisa kuthetha ukuya entolongweni. Wabhala ngodumo, “Phakathi korhulumente ovalela nayiphi na into engekho bulungisa, indawo yokwenyaniso yendoda elungileyo ikwayintolongo.” Le ngcamango ihambisana nesithethe somgaqo-siseko se-habeas corpus kunye nokuthanda ukuvava ityala.

Martin Luther King Jr., kwi- “Letter yaseBirmingham Jail,” ngokucacileyo wabeka umthetho wakhe wokungathobeli kwemiqathango yokuziphatha neyomGaqo-siseko. Waphikisa ngelithi umthetho ongekho sikweni“ akukho mthetho kwaphela” kwaye ukulwela amalungelo abantu ngokusisiseko yayingumzabalazo wokufumana izithembiso zoMgaqo-siseko kunye neSindululo seNtlalo. UKumkani wabiza umkhosi weSindululo sokuzimela. [FLP:] kunye neBBBB]

I-norechil, ephambili kwintanda-bulumko kaGandhi noKing, ikwavumelana nemfuneko yoMphengululo wokuqala we-“Okuqala oxolo”. Ngokungavumi ukuphindezela, abaphula umthetho bagcina imvume esemthethweni yokukhusela nokuvelisa ingcinezelo yokuziphatha enokubangela utshintsho olungokwasemthethweni nolungokwentlalo. IBhili yamaLungelo ayiluxhasi ugonyamelo; ngokukhusela intetho engenabundlobongela, ibangela ukungavumelani nemigaqo enokugqunywa kwiinkundla nakwintetho kawonke-wonke.

Imigudu Yanamhlanje Neemfazwe Ezingokwasemthethweni

IBhili Yamalungelo Iyaqhubeka ilawula indlela imibutho yasekuhlaleni eqhelisela ngayo ukungathobeli kwabemi.

IQumrhu Lamalungelo Abemi

Ngoo1950 nangoo1960 kwasetyenziswa ngokungqalileyo ukukhuselwa koMphetho-mda wokuqala ekungathobeli kwemida yabemi. Usitulo sikwindawo yokutyela isidlo sasemini egawuliweyo, inkululeko, kunye nohambo zonke zaboniswa ngenyameko izenzo zomthetho zokwaphula ezixhomekeke kumalungelo endibano nesicelo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yafumana isigqibo sokungaphuki koxolo [FLT] [1] GARNTEN] v. Lo mthetho wahlaliswa nguLouniana[[FLT] [1961]] [196]) warhoxa ityala ityala ityala lokuhlala abathathi-nxaxheba, ilawula ukuba ingenabungqina bokwaphulwa koxolo xa iidemonthi zihleli ngokuzinzileyo kwindlu yoluntu kunye nokuzingelana kobugropolgranti.

Imikhosi yemfazwe elwa nemfazwe neXesha laseVietnam

Kunyaka ka-1970, ukuqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nemfazwe yase Vietnam kwavavanya imida yokuthetha okomfuziselo. Ukutshisa iflegi, kunye nokuqhatha okukhulu ePentagon nasekholejini konke kwakhokelela ekuhlaziyweni. Cohen v. California[ [1971] ukhusela ilungelo lokunxiba ibhatyi ethwele amazwi athi “Unqabile,” ukwandisa ikhuselo kulwimi olujongwa njengohlazo. Brandenburg v. [[FLT:] [1] [1] [1969])] umisela umgangatho wangokukhuthaza ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza okanye ukukhuthaza isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho, ngaphandle kokuba “ichaziwe ngokungqalileyo okanye ukuvelisa isenzo esithe konakalisayo."

IQumrhu: IManumza eBlack Lives neNtloko

Imibhiyozo yakutshanje, kuquka leyo ikhokelwa yiBlack Lives Matter (BLM) kunye nombutho wolutsha wemozulu, iphakamisa imibuzo emitsha engokwasemthethweni. I-BLM, ibhexeshi yolwaphulo-mthetho, ebangelwa kukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd, yayiyeyona mikhulu embalini, ibandakanya uhambo oluxolileyo kunye neemeko zogonyamelo kunye nokuqhatha. Iinkundla ziye zalwa nokukhusela ukuhlaselwa kwemiqathango engekho ngqiqweni, nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngumthetho. IBLM. IBhili yamaLungelo icelo yamalungelo aye acelwa ukuvavanywa ukuvavanywa iindlela zobund ’ umkhosi; umzekelo, iinkundla zelizwe ziye zakhupha imiqathango ekusetyenzisweni kwegesi nembumbulu echasene nokuqhankcana okusemthethweni. IsiHlamkelo sesine sokuthintela kwemizwa kwabantu okungekho ngqiqweqweni.

Abaxhasi bemozulu, njengabo banenkqubo yokuzimela iNguquko neSunrise Movement, baye babandakanyeka kwizenzo zokungathobeli kwabemi, ukuvalela izakhiwo zikarhulumente, nokuphazamisa iziganeko zikawonke-wonke, ngokufuna ukuthathwa kwenyathelo lotshintsho lwemozulu. Ukuzikhusela kwabo ngokusemthethweni kusoloko kusekelwe ekukhuseleni koMphetho wokuqala wentetho yomfuziselo nakumthetho wesibongozo; baphikisa ukuba ukungathathi-nxaxheba kusongela amalungelo asisiseko, kuquka ilungelo lokuphila nempahla, kwaye ukunyanzeleka okugqithisileyo kuyimfuneko ngenxa yokuba imijelo eqhelekileyo iye yasilela. Ezinye iinkundla zeli phondo ziye zaqonda ukuba “ukuzikhusela okuqhelekileyo” kwiimeko ezinxulumene nokungathobeki kwemi, ezivumela abamangalelwayo ukuba bathethe ukuba izenzo zabo ezingekho mthethweni zikhuseleke ekukhuseleni umonakalo omkhulu. Noko ke, iinkundla zelizwe ziye zala inkculo yenkqubo ye-demodemokhtiki, zigxininisa ngokungekho mthethweni kwemithetho.

Ukuxinezeleka Okuqhubekayo Nezicatshulwa Ezityhilayo

Ulwalamano phakathi kwamalungelo abantu nokungathobeli asekuhlaleni lusekho.

Ukulungelelanisa amalungelo nolungelelwano lukawonke wonke

Urhulumente usoloko ephikisa ngokuthi imiyalelo imele isetyenziswe ukuthintela ukuphazanyiswa, ukukhusela ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, kunye nokugcina ucwangco. “ixesha, indawo, kunye yindlela” yemfundiso ivumela imiqathango equkiweyo 93neuturil, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungaphikisana. Umzekelo, imfuno zisenokusetyenziswa ukuphelisa ukuqhankqalaza ngendlela ezingawavumeli amaqela angathandwayo. MCullen v. Colulley [2014] [2014], iNkubendekslek'umthetho owadala isigcini mandla semida ye-Massachusetts engaphandle kweminkile, ebangela ukuba kubekho izithintelo ezinziwayo ezinzileyo ezinzileyo zemiqatha, zilawula ukuba umthetho ulwe kakhulu intetho engekho mfuneko. Kodwa iNkuphikisa kweyalo kuwe.

Ukumangalelwa Kokungathobeli Kwamakhaya

Abatshutshisi maxa wambi baye batyhola abagxeli ngolwaphulo-mthetho olufana nokuziphatha okungalungelelaniyo, ukungquzulani, okanye ukuthintela iindlela. Impumelelo yokhuselo loMphengululo wokuqala ixhomekeke kwizibakala ezikhethekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxolo, ukungathobeli okungenabundlobongela okungathinteli abanye emzimbeni okanye umonakalo wempahla kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba ukhuseleko. Noko ke, abaxhasi abaninzi abalwayo ngabom baphula imithetho abayigqala njengechaphazelo labo. IBhili yamaLungelo aliqinisekisi lokukhusela isigqubuthelo; iqinisekisa kuphela ukuba urhulumente akanakukwazi ukukhusela abanye abantu ngenxa yembono yabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukungathobeki kwanokukhokelela ekuboshweni nasekuchaneni kwabo ukuba iyaphulwa, iquka imithetho esemthethweni, iqululwe i-Generalganeral.

Ubugcisa obutsha kunye nokwanda

Ukuqhankqalaza kwamanani `kuquka ukuqhankqalaza kwe-crecttivis, ukulungelelanisa i-intanethi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-media yezentlalo ukudibanisa izenzo `````I-FLT'''.' ISinyuselo sesine sokhuseleko sokukhusela ikhompyutha kwimiba yemiba encinane. I-Prefection yesine ibangele iziphumo ezimanyumnyezi. [ I-Riley v. California[[[FLT], 2014], kodwa ukukwazi kukarhulumente ukuqwalasela inkqubo yoonobumba bekhompyutha ngokusebenzisa imimiselo emidala kwimimiselo emitsha, ukulandelela i-miboniso-mkhondo, indawo efihlakeleyo. ISindululo Solawulo sikhusela ilungelo lokuthetha ngekhompyutha, kodwa ukungazichaphaza komthetho wamakhaya.

Ilifa Elihlala Lihleli

IBhili yamaLungelo ilwenze lwamaMerika alawula ngokunzulu isithethe sokungathobeli kwabemi. Ngokudibanisa inkululeko yokuthetha, yokuhlanganisa, nesicelo, nangokulungiselela ukukhusela okungokwesithethe ngeMigangatho yesine, yesihlanu, neyesibhozo, abaseki bendalo baye benza umahluko phakathi komgaqo-siseko apho umahluko ungachuma khona qha qha qha. Imbali yokungatho kwamakhaya eUnited States ingumnqophiso wokunxibelelana phakathi kwamalungelo omgaqo-siseko kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha. Ukusuka ezitratweni zeBirmingham ukuya kwimistry, kunye nemikhosi yale mihla, abaxhasi baye basebenzisa uBill wamaLungelo njengekhaka nekrele zombini: ikhusi nxamnye nesenzo sorhulumente solwaphulo-mthetho nekrele elifuna ukuba uhlanga luphile ngokweenjongo zalo eziphezulu.

Njengokuba imibutho yanamhlanje iqhubeka inyanzela imida yokuqhankqalaza okwamkelekileyo, imigaqo yesiseko yowe-1791 isasebenza. IBhili yamaLungelo ayiqinisekisi uloyiso kwabangathobeli basekuhlaleni, kodwa ibaqinisekisa ukuba iqonga. Yaye lo gama nje kukho imithetho efuna ukutshintsha, kuya kubakho abemi abakulungeleyo ukulwaphula ngoxolo, ngentlonelo, kunye nethemba lokuba umGaqo-siseko uza kukhusela ilungelo labo lokwenjenjalo.

[[UMTL_HAWU] Izibonelelo:[[UMKCU]