Indlela Idilesi Zemali ZaseOstreliya Ezifumana Ngayo Ukungalingani Ngomgaqo - siseko

Indlela Idilesi Zemali ZaseOstreliya Ezifumana Ngayo Ukungalingani Ngomgaqo - siseko

I-Australian Treasure isebenza njengombutho ophambili wezoqoqosho ojongene nokunika urhulumente icebiso elingomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali, ulawulo, kunye notshintsho lwezoqoqosho. Enye yezinto ezihlala zibalulekile kukusingatha ukungalingani kwengeniso – ukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwengeniso kubemi. Ngokudityaniswa kwerhafu eqhubekayo, irhafu ekhutshelweyo, kunye notyalo-mali olusekwentlalo, i-Moovel isebenza ngokulinganayo, iphucula ukuhambelana nozinzo lwentlalo, kunye nokuxhasa ukuhambelana kwezoqoqosho. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela, iziphumo, iziphumo, kunye nemigaqo yexesha elizayo yendlela yengeniso ehamba ngayo eOstreliya.

Ukuqonda Ukungalingani Kwabantu EOstreliya

Ukungalingani kwemali kulinganisa umlinganiselo wemali ekhoyo phakathi kwemida ephezulu kunye nemali ehlawulwayo ephantsi. E-Australia, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-metric ye-Ginicondation, apho u0 imele ukulingana okugqibeleleyo kwaye 1 imela ukungalingani okugqibeleleyo. Ngokwe- Australian Bureaunian of Statistics (ABS), i-Ginicoxectives yengeniso yendlu ye-intellibactic ibingu 0.16 ku-20192020. Ngelixa le ndawo yase-Australia ingaphantsi nje komlinganiselo we-OECD malunga no-0.39, ibonisa ixesha lokungalingani okuthe ngqo okulandelayo iminyaka elandele ukungabi namashumi makhulu eenye ee-1980.

Abaqhubi bemali elinganayo baninzi yaye bayadibana:

• Urhwebo lweziko lorhwebo oluphezulu: utshintsho lobugcisa luncitshisile ukufunwa kwemveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi bobufundisi ngeli lixa unyusa ubuyiselo kwiindima zobugcisa eziphezulu. Oku “kuphuma ngaphaya” kwemisebenzi efunyenweyo yombindi-phakathi kuye kwaba ngamandla amakhulu abangela ukunyuka kwengeniso yemarike.
• Ukuxinezeleka kobunyuko: Ukunyuka kwexabiso, ingakumbi kwizindlu kunye nokukhutshwa kwemali, kungenelwe ngokungenakulinganiswa ziintsapho ezindala, ezityebileyo. Ama-20% eentsapho ezityebileyo zase-Australia agcina ngaphezu kwama-60% obusibonke bobutyebi babucala, ngokutsho kwe- iziko le-Grattan[].
• Imfundo ekwimo yomlinganiselo ophezulu: Ukufikelela kwimfundo ephezulu kunye noqeqesho kuchaphazela amathuba okufumana. Abo baneemfaneleko zobuchule bafumana kakhulu ngomlinganiselo kunabo bangenayo, kwaye ugxininiso luye lwakhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Intsingiselo yeqondo lobude benqanawa: Ukukhula kwemibutho ehlala abantu abanye, kunye nokwanda kokungabi namsebenzi konke kufake igalelo kwingeniso.
• Ukunyusa ixabiso lendlu elinyukayo kunye nerente ezifumana imali ephantsi nephakathi, ingakumbi kwizixeko ezikhulu, ukucutha ingeniso elahlwayo nokwanda kokungalingani kwamathuba.

Ukuqonda ezi zizathu zingundoqo kubalulekile ekuyileni iimpendulo ezisebenzayo. Ibhokisi yenkqubo yesixhobo seTreasure igxininisa ekufumaneni ingeniso engaphandle kwe-ex, kodwa ikwajolise ekucombululeni ukungalingani ngokwesakhiwo ngokutyalwa kwemali kwikomkhulu labantu nakwizibonelelo zentlalo.

Inkcubeko yezopolitiko Iqaliswe

Izixhobo eziphambili zeNgxowa-mali zokusingatha ukungalingani kwengeniso zisebenza ngenkqubo yerhafu nokuthunyelelwa. Kunokuba ixhomekeke kumlinganiselo omnye, isebenzisa indlela eqingqiweyo ejolise amaqela ahlukeneyo engeniso kunye namaqondo obomi.

Ukuhlawulwa Kwerhafu Okuqhubekayo

Inkqubo yerhafu yengeniso yobuqu ye-Australia iyahambela phambili: unyuko lwerhafu olusezantsi lwengeniso. Kunyaka wama-2024-25, amanani aqala ngomqobo ongahlawulwayo werhafu (ukuya ku-R1,000) kwaye anyuke ukuya kwi-45% kwingeniso ngaphezulu kwe-R1,000. Umhlawulelo werhafu ohlawulwayo unciphisa umlinganiselo werhafu osebenzayo kubangeni-mali abasezantsi. Umbali-mali unika i-Mphathi-mali ephantsi [i-Medicareareare Levy[ [ipect] [ipesenti ezi-25] yengeniso ehlawulwa yirhafuyo, kunye norhoxiso lwe-Mdiase) kunye ne-Leve Surrentiorentiorence yemali yemali yemali ehfti-otamps ezifumana iingeniso eziphezulu ngaphandle kwesibhedlelelo ezisibhedlele.

Irhafu eqhubekekayo inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukulingana kwengeniso elahlwayo ngenxa yokuba abavuli-mali abaphezulu banikela isahlulo esikhulu sengeniso yabo ukuxhasa iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke kunye nokudluliswa. Ukukhomba nge- Iziko laseAustralia kucebisa ukuba ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo yerhafu eqhubekekayo, iGini cofizetion ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Noko ke, inkcitho yerhafu – efana nokuhlawula ingeniso yemali ephambili (i-50% yexabiso eliphantsi) iminikelo yemali egqithisileyo, kunye negiyadiza-eyingenelo-eyingeneyo efunyenweyo, ngokuyintsalela inkqubela encinane.

Uvezi-mali usoloko ehlola umxube werhafu ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ungenasitya yaye usebenza kakuhle. Utshintsho lwakutshanje luquke ukugunyazisa ikepisi ye-leatronant yokwahlulwa kwengeniso yokuthembeka nokusikelwe umda kokusetyenziswa kwengeniso yokuthembeka. Noko ke, utshintsho lwerhafu luhlala lungenabugocigoci, kwaye icebiso leTrebita ligxininisa ukurhoxiswa kwentengiso phakathi kwe-ethemical, impumelelo, kunye nokulula.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yentlalo

Ukuthunyelwa kwiintsapho zekhaya kubumba uhlobo olunye olukhulu lwemali echithwa ngurhulumente ngaphandle kwempilo kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwamadoda alupheleyo. ISebe lezezimali lisebenza ngokusondeleyo neSebe leeNkonzo zoNtlalo ukuyila nokunyusa iingeniso zamaqela angenakhuseleko:

• Ipensile ephezulu: A uvavanyo lwemali yabakhulileyo, ukulungiselela umnatha wokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa ubuhlwempu obudala. Impesheni ikhokelwa kwimivuzo okanye amaxabiso, nayiphina ephezulu, kwaye iquka izongezo zerente kunye nezinga zixhobo eziluncedo.
• Ubhatalo lomsebenzi olufunayo: Inzuzo engundoqo yokungaqeshwa. Ukungaqeshwa kwayo bekuyingxoxo ende ebalekayo – isantya sonyuso okwexeshana ngexesha lesifo esimandundu kodwa sincitshisiwe, nangona ulwandiso olusisigxina lweyongezelelwe. Uhlalutyo lwemali lubonisa ukuba iqondo eliphezulu lomsebenzi ofuna ukunciphisa ukungalingani kodwa kwakhona kufuneka uchaze ukuxhasa nokukhuthaza ukusebenza.
• [[NTL:0] Irhafu yosapho Lungenelo (FTB):[[FLTB:1] Amalungu amabini anceda iintsapho ezinabantwana: FTB Icandelo A (esekelwe kwingeniso) kunye neFTB Icandelo B (kwiintsapho ezifumaneke kunye). Oku kufuduswa kuboniswe ukucutha ubuhlwempu kakhulu.
• [[UMTL: 0] Ipeni yeNkxaso eNgamandla (DSP) kunye nemali enikezelweyo: Nika inkxaso yengeniso kwabo bangakwaziyo ukusebenza ngenxa yokukhubazeka okanye iimbopheleleko zokukhathalela.
• Isicwangciso se-inshorensi yelizwe ekhutshwayo (NDIS): Ngelixesha ingekokuthunyelelwa imali, imali ye-NDIS ixhasa into eyenza ukuba kubekho inxaxheba entlalweni nasezoqoqosho, echaphazela ngokungangqalanga ukungalingani kwengeniso ngokunciphisa umthwalo wemali kwiintsapho.

Ukuthunyelwa kwemali kusebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungalingani. I-OECD iqikelela ukuba inkqubo yerhafu nokuthuthwa kwe-Ostreliya inciphisa ingeniso yeGini encinane ukusuka malunga no-0.47 ukuya ku-0.32 ekupheleni kowama-202010 – enye yezona zinto zikhulu ezincitshisiweyo kumazwe e-OECD. Indima ye-OECD kukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi nkqubo zifakwe kakuhle kwaye zixhaswa kwiingcinezelo zamanani abantu.

Amatyala Erhafu Neengenelo

Ngokungafaniyo ne-United States, i-Australia ayinayo ityala lerhafu elikhulu elifunyenweyo. Noko ke, isebenzisa uludwe lwee-asethi zerhafu ezijoliswe kwintengiso nengenelo ukuxhasa iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi nephakathi:

• [[NTL:0] Umgangatho kunye noMbindi weMali yerhafu (LMTO) yayingumlinganiselo wokwexeshana oziswayo ngo-2018 kwaye wasuswa emva ko-2021-222. Ukuphelelwa kwayo kugxekwe ngokunyusa irhafu esezantsi esebenzayo kubangenisi abasezantsi.
• [[UMTL:0] Abalawuli kunye nePenioners Tax Moffat (SAPTO):[ unciphisa amatyala erhafu kubamkeli abadala besamkela umhlala-phantsi kunye nengeniso ephantsi.
• [[UMTHLO:0] I-inshorensi yempilo: Ngelixesha ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuthatha isigqubuthelo sobungozi babucala, uvavanyo lwendlela yokuphinda ixhase iintsapho ezifumanayo eziphakathi.
• [[NKQUBO:0] Imali yokunyamekela umntwana esezantsi: Yimali karhulumente enciphisa iindleko zokunyamekela abantwana, enceda umsebenzi ukuba athathe inxaxheba kubazali, ingakumbi oomama. Oku kuneziphumo ezingangqalanga zokungalingani ngokuxhasa ingeniso yentsapho kunye nokukhula kwabantwana.

INgxelo yeNkcitho ivavanya ezi zinto zinqatyisiweyo ngenxa yengeniso yazo. Ingxelo yeNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni yabalaselisa ukuba inkcitho ezininzi zerhafu zikhula ngokungaqondakaliyo ukuba azicinywanga okanye azilungiswanga.

Iintlawulo ezincinci

Ngeli xesha iKhomishini yoMsebenzi kaFair imisela iNational Wage esezantsi, iBhunga linikela uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho kwimpembelelo yezigqibo zomvuzo. Umvuzo wangoku ongaphantsi (njengoJulayi 2024) nguR2,10 ngeyure, okanye ii-$915.90 ngeveki yama-38. Ukuzithoba kweTreasure yemali ehlawulwayo kugxininisa umlinganiselo phakathi kokukhusela abasebenzi abahlawulwa kancinci kunye nokulondoloza ukwanda kwemisebenzi. Unyuko oluncinci lunganciphisa ubungalingani ngokwasendlwini ngqo, kodwa ukuba lumiselwe ngokuphezulu kakhulu, lungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni umsebenzi oyingozi kumaqela abuthathaka.

Ngaphaya komvuzo womgangatho, iNgxowa-mali ikwaxhasa imithetho ekhuthaza ukuthelekisana kwentsebenziswano, uqeqesho lobuchule, kunye nolwakhiwo loshishino olunezinye ezinokuqinisa ukunyuka kwemivuzo kwabasebenzi abafumana imali ephantsi. Noko ke, inkqubo yezoshishino ye-Australia iye yaphelelwa ekuhlawuleni, kwaye umsebenzi wakutshanje weTreary ujolise kwinkcubeko yezoshishino ukwenzela ukuxhasa abasebenzi abahlawulwa imali ephantsi ngexesha lokunyusa imveliso.

Impembelelo yemithetho

Isiphumo esidityanisiweyo serhafu eqhubekayo kunye nokufuduswa ngesisa kwiindawo zase-Australia phakathi kwamazwe ezifumana unciphiso olukhulu lwengeniso ekhoyo ukusuka emarikeni ukuya kwingeniso yokulahlwa. I-OECD esuka kuma-2023 yabala iOstreliya njengenomgangatho owesine okhuhliweyo wokungalingani kwamalungu ayo, kunye nowehla ngeGini ngama-32% emva kwerhafu nokuthunyelwa. Umlinganiselo wobuhlwempu wabemi abasebenzayo wehla ukusuka kwi-24% (ingeniso yemali ethengiswayo) ukuya kwi-11% (ingeniso efikeleleka

Noko ke, kusekho iingxaki ezinkulu:

• Ukungalingani kobunyuku kukhulu kakhulu kunonganiselwano lwengeniso. I-Gini engaphumeleliyo yobutyebi bendlu imalunga no-0.62, ngokwe-ABS. Izixhobo ze-Oficial yemali zinefuthe elisikelwe umda kwintsalela yeempahla, nangona irhafu yelifa (incopho eyahlawulwayo ngo19999) iye yacetyiswa kodwa ayiphunyezwanga. I-Ex Ex Pendituretitures Comment[ ibonisa ukuba ukukhulula kwinani elikhulu kunye nemali ephambili, nangona inzuzo engaphezulu yemali ephambili.
• Ukufumana imali [[FLT: 1] kurhoxisiwe ingeniso ezifunyenweyo ekuthunyezweni. Abahambi benqanawa kwingeniso ephantsi bachitha isabelo esikhulu sengeniso yabo kwizindlu, kwaye amanani eenkampani ezincinane zokufumana impahla yasekhaya awile. Imigaqo yendlu ehlawulekayo – njengeFirst Home Confictive kunye nongeniselo lwezindlu zoluntu – ikhona ecaleni kwentengiso zerhafu efunwa yintlawulo eninzi.
• Inkxalabo yesizukulwana sokulingana iyakhula. Abaselula base-Australia bajongene neendleko zezindlu eziphezulu, ukunyuka kwemali eseleyo ngokunxulumene nemveliso, kunye nethemba lerhafu ephezulu ukuxhasa inani labantu abalupheleyo. Ingxelo yeminyaka ephakathi yonyaka 2023 yabonisa ukuba oorhulumente abachitha imali kwimpilo, inkathalo yomntu omdala, kunye ne-NDIS baza kunyuka ukusuka ku-5.9% we-GDP ngo-2021 ukuya ku-20.4% ngo-2062.63, ifaka uxinzelelo kwi-omatilo okubomvu.
• izithuba zentengiso ezikhoyo ziyazimela[ kubantu bomthonyama base-Australia, abantu abakhubazekileyo, nabo bahlala kwimimandla ekude. Iinkqubo zemali ezingundoqo zidla ngokungafikeleli la maqela ngokunempumelelo, zingeyomfuneko iinkqubo zojongo.

IiKhomishini zeNgxowa-mali kwaye ipapashe uphando ngale miba. Umzekelo, Inqaku lephepha elisebenzayo liquka uhlolo lwendlela yokungalingani, ukubonakala kwerhafu, kunye neziphumo zokusasazwa kwemilinganiselo yoqingqo-mali. Obu bungqina buzisa inkqubo yokwenziwa kwenkqubo.

Icala

UNondyebo wase-Australia uphanda ngokukhutheleyo ngotshintsho ukuze agcine okanye aphucule iziphumo ezithe ngqo kwinguqulelo yezoqoqosho.

Utshintsho Lwerhafu Ngenxa Yokungacalulani

Uxubo lwangoku lwerhafu luxhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu yengeniso yomntu, engabi nampumelelo kakhulu kumgangatho ophezulu. Uvengi uhlasele utshintsho olunje:

• Ukusasaza isiseko ngokucutha inkcitho yerhafu (umz., isigaba somzantsi wengeniso yekomkhulu, ukulinganisela ukusetyenziswa kwegiyeri engalunganga, okanye ukuqiniswa kwemiphezulu yemiphezulu). I 202212-23 Intengo yerhafu ebhaptiziweyo echazwe ngaphezu ko-R280 amawaka ezigidi kwisivumelwano saminyaka le, kunye nesibini esiphezulu (iminikelo evumela ingeniso ehlawulwayo kunye nexabiso lekomkhulu) etsalelwa kakhulu kwingeniso ephezulu.
• utshintsho lwerhafu yomhlaba: esikhundleni somsebenzi wetem kunye nerhafu yomhlaba ebanzi izakunciphisa ukugqwethwa kwentengiso yezindlu kunye nengxowa-mali yeenkonzo ezingcono, ngelixesha ubhekiso phambili kuba ubunikazi bomhlaba bujoliswe phakathi kwabatyebileyo.
• Irhafu ye-Wealth: Ngelixesha kunzima kwezobupolitika, irhafu yerhafu yomnatha okanye irhafu yelifa elibanzi ixoxwa. Uhlolo lwemali yerhafu yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokungahlawulwa kwenkampani lukwachaphazela iimbono zerhafu, kodwa abachazi-phambili baphikisa ngelithi ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo enjalo, ukungalingani kobutyebi kuza kuqhubeka kwanda.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale mihla kokhuseleko

INgxelo yeNkcitho iyinxalenye yokuhlola kukarhulumente inkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu, igxininise ekuxhaseni abantu xa kutshintsha ubomi babo nokufumana intlawulo yomsebenzi. Imimandla ebalulekileyo iquka:

• Ukunyuka komlinganiselo osisiseko we-Esper' yeSebe – iKomiti ye-2023 yezezoqoqosho incomela ulwando lwee-$9 ngemini (ngaphandle kwesongezo sangoku). Ukufuzisela kwemali kucebisa ukuba ulwando olunjalo lunganciphisa ubuhlwempu kodwa lufuneke luxhaswe ngemali eninzi yerhafu okanye iindleko ezithe chatha kwenye indawo.
• [[NTL: 0] Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhlawula – iimali ezininzi zemali ezisebenzayo ezinexabiso elinzima lerhafu ebangela ifuthe eliphezulu elisebenzayo lerhafu (i-EMTR), igcina abantu kwintlalo-ntle. INgci yemali isebenza kwiinguqu ukunciphisa i-EMTR kwaye iphucula izisusa zemali emsebenzini.
• [ Imfundo edibeneyo yabantwana baselula kunye nenkathalo – ukwandisa umgangatho wabantwana ophezulu okanye ophantsi kusenokunyusa ukuthathiswa kwamabhinqa emsebenzini kwaye kunciphise ukungalingani kwixesha elide.

Ukuveliswa Kwekomkhulu Loluntu

Ukulungisa ukulingana kwengeniso efunyenweyo kufune ukuba kuphuculwe iziphumo zemfundo noqeqesho lobuchule. Uqingqo-mali lweendleko zemali luye lwasamkela inkxaso-mali engakumbi:

• Inkxaso-mali yesikolo esekelwe kwiSikolo sesiZwe kuMvumelwano woLuvolo-guqu.
• Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
• Imodeli yeeNkonzo zoMsebenzi omtsha, ezinika inkxaso elungeleneyo kubantu base-Australia abangasebenzi ixesha elide.

IInternational Report yeNternational igxininisa into yokuba ukuvelisa imveliso ngokufundisa nangobugcisa kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe imali kuze kuncitshiswe ukungalingani.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokungalingani Kwabantu

Ukutshintshela kuqoqosho lwenethi-zero kuza kuba neziphumo ezinika iziphumo. Amakhaya afumana imali ephantsi aqheleke kakhulu ukuhlala kumakhaya akhuseleke kakubi kwaye achithe isabelo esiphezulu sengeniso kumandla. I-Others ibandakanyeke ekuyileni iinkqubo zotshintsho nje, njengenkxaso yengeniso kubasebenzi abafudusiweyo, utyalo-mali kubuchule obuluhlaza, kwaye ingenele imali yoluntu. I-Net Zero Economy [, ixelwe ngo-2023, iza kuhlala phakathi komsebenzi.

Ugcino-lwazi oluqinisayo nohlolo

Umba wogcino-mali ufakelwa kubuchule bawo bokuqonda ngcono ukungalingani. Oku kubandakanya ii-data ezidibanisileyo kunye novavanyo lweenkqubo. Iirekhodi zerhafu, iirekhodi zobuntlalo-ntle, kunye nogcino-lwazi lobalo lwabantu) ukulungiselela ukuvelisa iziphumo zemodeli zeenkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe- ugcino-lwazi luvumela ukujoliseka phambili nokuvavanywa okuthe ngqo kweenkqubo. I-COCRY ye- Imodelificity ne-Mictossificiation Imodelificity (ITX) isetyenziswa ukuqikelela indlela ezichaphazele ngayo iirhafu kunye nokudlulisa iinko kunye notshintsho oluchaphazela ngayo amaqela engeniso.

Isiphelo

Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Ostreliya yeNkcubeko yemali yenza indima ephambili ekulungiseni ukulingana kwengeniso. Ngokuhlawula irhafu eqhubekayo, ukuthunyelwa kwemiqathango, nokuveliswa kwemali kwizentlalo, i-Otherine incedile ekugcineni ukungalingani kwengeniso ye-Australia kusezantsi ngokwemilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe. Kodwa izakhiwo – ukutshintsha kobugcisa, iindleko zezindlu, kunye neengcinezelo zamanani amanani asekuhlaleni – zibangela iingxaki eziqhubekayo. Impumelelo yexesha elizayo iya kuxhomekeka kubuchule bayo bokusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha zezoqoqosho, ukwandisa isiseko serhafuthe, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba umnatha wokhuseleko lwentlalo uhlale wanele kwaye usebenza kakuhle. Njengoko 2023 wengxelo yokuTrentelliastion yenza kucace, ukufikelela iziphumo eziqhubekayo ngoxa kugcinwa ukulondolo lwemali. Uqoqo lemali kunye noomatshini bokuphucula imfuno iya kuhlala kuyimfuneko ekukhokelelweni kwezoqoqosho e-Ostrese-Australia