Ukwazisa

Imibandela yokusingqongileyo iye yasuka kwinqanaba lentetho yezobupolitika yaseJapan. Kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi, ukulahleka kwendalo, kunye nokhuseleko lombane iye yalungisa indlela amaqela asebenza ngayo amaqonga awo, iphulo lokuvota, kunye nokulawula. IJapan, njengoko ikharbon enkulu yesihlanu yehlabathi kunye nophawu olubonisa amandla ayo kwiPalamente yaseParis, ijongene nengcinezelo ekhulayo ekhoyo emakhaya kunye nezizwe ngezizwe ukuba ivumelwane imigaqo yemekobume enzima. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela ezi zicinezekelele ngayo iinguquko zamaqela ezobupolitika eJapan, imigaqo elandele, kunye neengxaki ezisaqhubeka njengoko iJapan iqhuba utshintsho lwayo kunye nokukhula.

Utshintsho luqhutywa lunxulumano lwezibakala: intlekele yenyukliya eyintlekele iFukushima ngo-2011, eyaphelisa iqhinga lombane laseJapan; ukukhutshwa kolwazi lwemozulu; ukuzinikela kobuzwe bobuzwe; namathuba ezoqoqosho kumandla avuselelweyo kunye nobugcisa obuluhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokusingqongileyo ayiseyonkxalabo ekhoyo kodwa yinto ephambili kwezobupolitika ephembelela iziphumo zonyulo, ingxubusho yeminqonqo, kunye nemithetho yemithetho.

Imbali Yeepolitiki Zemeko - bume EJapan

Umbutho wokusingqongileyo waseJapan unemvelaphi enzulu. Ngeminyaka yee-1960 kunye neyowe-1970, ushishino olukhawulezayo lwakhokelela kwiziganeko zongcoliso ezimandundu, njengesifo seMinamata (ityhefu yemathyrmercury) kunye neYokkaichi asma (ukukhutshwa komoya ozinzileyo). La manqam abangela ukuba abemi basebenzele kwaye anyanzelise urhulumente ukuba amisele ezinye zolawulo olungqongqo longcoliso lwehlabathi. ISisigqeba Semeko-mthetho ka-1993 kunye nokusekwa koBulungiseleli bemeko-bume bobume bomhlaba ngo-2001

Noko ke, kangangamashumi eminyaka, imibandela yemekobume yahlala ikwinkxalabo yokuqala kumaqela amaninzi aphambili, abeka phambili ukwanda kwezoqoqosho nokhuseleko lwamandla. ILiberal Democratic Party (LDP), eye yalawula iJapan ngethuba elininzi lasemva kwemfazwe, ethandwayo ngokwembali ngamandla enyukliya njengomthombo wamandla aphantsi, ophantsi kombane. Intlekele yowango- 2011 iFukushima yaphelisa into yokuba kucinywe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekucinyweni kwazo zonke iziphenezeli zenyukliya kunye nengxoxo ende ende emalunga nexesha elizayo le-Japan. Esi siganeko sithe ngqo saguqula umhlaba wezobupolitika, senza amandla nenkqubo yendalo ibe ngumbindindi, ikhuphiselwano kukhetho lwesizwe.

Ukuvela Kwezobupolitika Eziluhlaza EJapan

Izobupolitika eziluhlaza eJapan zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, nangona zihlala zingenampembelelo kunakumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. IGreen Party (Mori no Tō), eyasekwa ngo-2012, abameli botshintsho olukhawulezileyo oluya kwikhulu elinamashumi amathandathu amandla avuselelwayo, isigaba sokuphuma kwamandla enyukliya, kunye nentshukumo yemozulu eyomeleleyo. Ifumene izihlalo kwiindibano zasekuhlaleni nakwiNdlu yeeBhunga kodwa isakwazi ukufikelela kwimimeli yesizwe. Amanye amaqela amancinane, anjengeReiwa Shinsengumi, akhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwemekobume yendalo kunye nemicimbi yentlalo.

IQela eliPhakamileyo lithathelwa indawo iiPlatforms zokusingqongileyo

Ngokubaluleke ngakumbi, amaqela amakhulu aye adibanisa iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo kwiqonga lawo. I-LDP, phantsi kweNkulumbuso yabaPhathiswa uShinzo Abe, uYoshihide Suga, uFumio Kisida, noShigeru Ishiba, yamkela icebo "lokwanda kwengcaciso" elibangela ukukhula kwemekobume njengethuba lezoqoqosho. Ngo-202020, urhulumente weSuga wavakalisa usukelo lokufumana ubundilele bekharbon ngo-2050, ukuzinikela okuphawulekayo okwathi kwayitshintsha kwakhona inkqubo yeJapan yomgaqo-siseko we-Didemocratic Party (CDP), inkcaso enkulu, iye yaya phambili, ithe gqolo, i-2030 yexhoba lokuncitshiswa kwegesi evelisa igesi evelisa igesi ekhupha igesi ekhupha umbaneni.

IQela lamaKomanisi laseJapan (JCP) kudala lixhasa ukulawulwa kwemekobume okunamandla enyukliya. IKomeito, iqabane elingumbutho we-LDP, ijolise ekulungelelaniseni iinjongo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko nozinzo lwezoqoqosho. KwaneQela le-Innovation (Nippon Ishin no Kai) elithe laxhasa ulwandiso olunokubuyiselwa ngamandla, nangona lihlala lilulumkile ngakumbi ngesigaba senyukliya.

Amagosa Aphambili Okusingqongileyo Aphembelela Ubudala Bezobupolitika

Imimandla emininzi engundoqo yezomgaqo-nkqubo iye yaba ziindawo eziphambili zengxoxo yeqela kunye nesenzo. Le nkqubo ayingobuchule nje kuphela kodwa ineziphumo ezinzulu zezobupolitika nezeengcamango. Ukuqonda kuyimfuneko ekuqondeni indlela ukhuphiswano lwemiba yemekobume oluyiyo nezenzo zeqela.

Ikharbon Engathathi Nto Ngowama - 2050

Usukelo lwama-2050 lwekharbon yekharbon, eyavakaliswa ngo-2020, iye yaba lubophelelo olusisiseko kumaqela amaninzi. Iqhinga le-LDP 'Green Growrow' lichaza amacandelo ali-14 aphambili, kuquka umoya wonxweme, i-hydrogen, i- ammonia, kunye namandla alandelayo esizukulwana selanga. Urhulumente unike izigidi-waka ze-yen kwinkxaso-mali kunye nezihlomelo zerhafu yerhafu ukwenzela ukuvela kwezinto ezintsha eziluhlaza. I-CDP ne-JCP igxeka indlela yokuthembela kakhulu kubugcisa obungaqinisekiyo obufana ne-hydrogen ne-am cofia, abathi baphikisayo ngokusetyenziswa kwezibaso. Bakhuthaza ulwando olunamandla lwezinto eziphelekayo, ingakumbi u-oknculal-meyal.

Ama-2030 eenjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, abekwe kumlinganiselo wama- 46% ngaphantsi ko-2013, yenye intsingiselo yokuphikisana. IJapan yathumela eli xhoba kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo njengeNDC yalo ezimiseleyo njengeNTP yoMthendeleko (NDC) phantsi kwesivumelwano seParis. Amaqela emekobume kunye namaqela achasayo aphikisayo aphikisayo athelelane ngokwaneleyo ukufikelela usukelo lwehlabathi lonke lokuphelisa ukufudumala kufike ku-1.5.C. I-CDP ibiyalela unciphiso oluyi-50% ngo-2030, ngexa iGreen Party Japan ixhasa i-60%.

Ulwando Lwamandla Olunokuhlaziywa

Isabelo esitsha samandla eJapan sikhule kakhulu ukususela ekuqalisweni koomatshini bokondla abasebenza ngezantsi ngo-2012, kufikelela malunga nama-2% esizukulwana sombane ngo-2023. Amandla elanga akhokela umxube, akhankanyela malunga neshumi leshumi leshumi lenkulungwane lesizukulwana, alandelwa ngamandla enqanawa (8%) nomoya (1%). Noko ke, ama-Japan alandela amazwe amaninzi aphucukileyo aphenjelelwayo kumandla omoya, ngenxa yokucelw'injiswa kwe-injiko, ukunqanda i-grid, kunye nemiqobo e-enjini.

Izahlulo zahluka kwindlela yokusukela ngokutsha izinto ezivuselelwayo. I-LDP ivumela umxube wamandla ahlukahlukeneyo odibanisa izinto ezitsha, inyukliya, kunye nelahle yelahle yelahle yelahle yelahle yebholiji efunyanwa yikharbon. ICDP ne JCP zityla-style ukuze zibe ngumthombo wamandla oyintloko, namaxhoba angamashumi amahlanu% okanye ngaphezulu ngo-2030. IGreen Party Japan ibiza i-100% amandla avuselelwayo ngo-2035. Ugcino-mandla, ugcino-mandla, kunye nemithetho-mhlaba yemithetho yemithetho yemithetho yedabi.

Amandla Enyukliya Nelifa LeFukushima

Amandla enyukliya asele yeyona mbambano yahlukanisayo kwezobupolitika zemekobume yamaJapan. Intlekele yaseFukushima yaphelisa ukuthemba uluntu, kwaye abasebenzi abaninzi abahlala ngaphandle konxibelelwano. I-LDP iye yasebenza ngokuthe ngcembe yaqala kwakhona i-arhess ezigqitha imilinganiselo yokhuseleko engqongqo, iphikisa ukuba amandla enyukliya ayimfuneko ukufikelela iinjongo zobundilele bekharbon kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamandla. Ngokwama-2025, malunga nama-12 amaziko esixhobo sokusebenza asebenza ngokugunyazisa uluntu.

ICDP ne JCP zichasa ulwakhiwo olutsha lwenyukliya kunye nokuxhasa isigaba esilawulwayo. Indawo yeCDP iqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo: ivumela ukuvalwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ezaluphalayo kodwa ayilahli ukusebenza ezintsha ukuba ukhuseleko luqinisekisiwe. IKomeito ixhasa ukudibana okungcono "kuhle" kodwa igxininisa ukhuseleko kunye nemvume yasekuhlaleni. Ingxoxo engaphaya komandla enyukliya ayikonakalanga nje kuphela kodwa ikwachaphazela kwinkqubela-phambili yengingqi, ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nophawu lweposi lweFukushima eJapan.

Ulawulo Longcoliso Nolawulo Lwenkunkuma

Ngapha koko, imicimbi yemo yezulu engokwesithethe ibalulekile. Ungcoliso lomoya, ingakumbi kwizityalo zamandla kagesi omlilo kunye nokukhutshwa kwemoto, luyaqhubeka kwiindawo zasezidolophini nasemizi - mveliso. Umgangatho wamanzi, ungcoliseko lomhlaba, nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kuyaqhubeka kuxhalabisa. Amaqela axhasa imithetho engqongqo, nangona i-LDP ithanda ukuxhasa intsebenziswano yokuzithandela kunye noshishino, ngelixesha iCDP ne-JCP iqhubela phambili ukunyanzela ukubotshelelwa nokunyanzelisa.

Ulawulo lwenkunkuma yeplastiki luvele njengenkupho ephambili, eqhutywa yinkxalabo yomhlaba wonke ngeplastiki yolwandlekazi. IJapan yeyesibini emkhulu kumntu ngamnye evelisa inkunkuma yeplastiki, kwaye imilinganiselo yokuphinda iphinde isetyenziswe iphantsi kunemifanekiso esemthethweni ecebisayo. Urhulumente uvelise umthetho wokujikeleza kweplastiki, kwaye ezinye iindawo azisamkeli iiplastiki ezisetyenziswayo. Amaqela aluhlaza kunye nemekobume ze-NGO aphikisa ukuncitshiswa kwemiqathango yenkcitho nerhafu yeplastiki yesizwe.

Izakhono zeQela kunye noHlomelo lweQela

Inkqubo yokusingqongileyo ngoku ingumba obalulekileyo wokhuphiswano lwabanyuli eJapan. Amatheko asebenzisa imigangatho yawo yokusingqongileyo ukuze azithelekise, abhenele kumaqela angundoqo amanani, kwaye akhe imibutho engqinelanayo. Ukwanda kwemiba yemeko-bume kuyahluka ngokomjikelo wonyulo, kodwa intsingiselo ibhekisa phambili.

Iqela leDemocratic Committee (LDP)

Iqhinga le-LDP lokusingqongileyo lakhiwe kwingcamango "yokwanda okuluhlaza," ekwakheni ifom yemozulu elungeleneyo neluncedo kwizoqoqosho. Iqela ligxininisa ubugcisa bobugcisa, umanyano lobuqu, kunye nokhokelo lwezizwe ngezizwe kwiindawo ezifana nokubanjwa kwe-hydrogen kunye nekharbon. Igcina ukuma kwe-enyuklity, nangona inemimiselo yokhuseleko eyongezelelweyo. Indlela ye-LDP i-pgmatic kunye nolwandiso, ijolise ekulinganiseni iinjongo zokusingelela kobume kunye nokhuseleko kunye nezilangazelelo zoshishino.

Eli cebo litsala icebo kwishishini, ingakumbi i-keiretsu congrites kunye noshishino olunzima oluzivelise kubugcisa obuluhlaza. Likwachukumisa nabavoti abadala, abasemaphandleni abathandabuza kakhulu utshintsho olukhawulezileyo. Noko ke, i-LDP ijongene nokugxekwa ngabaxhasi bemekobume nabavoti abaselula abajonge amaxhoba ayo njenganganele kwaye axhomekeke kwizixhobo zenyukliya kunye nelaphu lezinto zelahleko njengezinto ezingekho mgangathweni womhlaba wonke.

IQela leDemocratic (CDP)

Izithuba zeCDP ngokwazo njengeqela lesenzo semozulu esinamabhongo. Iqonga laso liquka amaxhoba anamandla aphezulu anokuhlaziywa, isigaba esikhawulezileyo esiphuma kumalahle nenyukliya, kunye nemithetho eyomeleleyo enxulumene nongcoliso kunye nenkunkuma. Iqela likwadibanisa inkqubo yokusingqongileyo nemithetho yokusingqongileyo kwintlalo yobulungisa, igxininisa imfuneko yokuxhasa abasebenzi kunye noluntu oluchaphazelelwe lutshintsho lwamandla (utshintsho olukhoyo).

ICDP ifumana inkxaso kumatsha - ntliziyo asedolophini, amatsha, nangaphezulu afundileyo abeka imozulu kwindawo yokuqala. Iimekobume zingundoqo ekuxhotyisweni kwezixhobo ezikwiphulo layo, ingakumbi kwimimandla yasezidolophini apho i-LDP ibuthathaka khona. Noko ke, i-CDP kufuneka ilungelelanise amaphulo ayo okusingqongileyo kunye nenkxalabo yemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi bemizi - mveliso, abasenokuboyika ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi kwimimandla yakudala yamandla.

IQela lamaKomanisi laseJapan (JCP)

I-JCP exhasa eyona nkqubo yendalo iyingozi phakathi kwamaqela amakhulu. Ifuna isigaba esipheleleyo nesikhawulezileyo esiphuma kumandla enyukliya, unciphiso lwe-60% ekukhutshweni komsi ngo-2030, kunye nolwandiso olukhulu lotyalo lukawonke-wonke kumandla avuselelweyo kunye nezibonelelo eziluhlaza. Kwakhona eli qela ligxininisa ubulungisa bokusingqongileyo, liphikisa ukuba ungcoliso kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto imimandla yamahlwempu neyahlulwa.

Imekobume ye-JCP inceda itsale abatsha, abavoti nabaxhasi abasuka ekhohlo abaya kuvota kunye nabaxhasi. Noko ke, unxulumano lwayo nolwawo nolwahlukileyo kwezinye imibandela (njengotshintsho lomgaqo-siseko kunye nolwalamano lwe-US-Japan) lusikelwe umda isibheno salo esibanzi. I-JCP imisele izivumelwano zentsebenziswano neCDP ekhethekileyo kwimilo ethile, idibanisa abavoti bemekobume ngokuchasene ne-LDP.

IKomeito kunye nokuzimela

Komeito, iqabane elikwisiqendu esincinci le-LDP, lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni inkqubo yokusingqongileyo. Iqela, elisekelwe kwintlangano yamaBhuda iSoka Gakkai, ligxininisa intsebenziswano nendalo, uxolo, kunye nentlalo-ntle yoluntu. Lixhasa usukelo lwekharbon yobundili kodwa lilumke ngakumbi ngamandla enyukliya, linyanzelela kwimilinganiselo engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nemvume yasekuhlaleni. IKomeito ityhalela phambili kunyathelo elomeleleyo ekuncitshisweni kwenkunkuma, ekuhlazisweni, ekuhlazisweni, nasekukhuseleni kwemichiza.

Kulo mbutho, uKomeito ngamanye amaxesha usebenza njengomkhosi onika amandla, uthomalalisa i-LDP ephambili yeshishini kunye notyekelo lwe-atmocle. Umzekelo, uKomeito uxhase imithetho engqongqo kwimizi - mveliso yamandla amalahle avuthayo kwaye ukhuthaza inkxaso-mandla ebuyiselwayo. Impembelelo yayo inamandla ngokukhethekileyo kwimibandela yemekobume apho "indlela engaqhelekanga" isondela kunye noluvo lukawonke-wonke-wonke.

Izimo Zengqondo Ezingaqhelekanga Neembono Zoluntu

Inkxalabo kawonke wonke ngemibandela yemekobume eJapan iphezulu kwaye iyakhula. Uhlolisiso lwe-Ofisi yeKhabhinethi nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe njengePew Research Center lubonisa ukuba inkoliso yabemi baseJapan ikujonga ukuguquka kwemozulu njengesisongelo esinzulu nenkxaso emandla karhulumente. Noko ke, ukwanda kwemiba yemekobume kuyahluka-hluka ngokohlobo lwamanani nangokobume belizwe, nto leyo ekwakucetywa ukumila kwemibutho.

Ukwahlukana Kwesizukulwana Nokweedolophu

Abavoti abaselula baseJapan (phakathi kwama-40) baxhalabele kakhulu ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunabantu abadala. Basengozini yokuxhasa ukuncitshiswa komoya onamandla, ulwandiso olunokuhlaziywa, nolwandiso lwenyukliya. Olu lwahlulo luboniswa kwimilinganiso yokuvota: amaqela anemigangatho yemekobume eqinileyo (CDP, JCP, Green Party) adla ngokukwenza bhetele phakathi kwabatsha abavoti, lo gama i-LDP ifumana inkxaso engakumbi kumanani akudala.

Abahlali basebuRhawubeni bayakwazi ukwahlulahlula. Abahlali basebuRhawuphini, ingakumbi eTokyo, e-Osaka, nakwezinye izixeko ezikhulu, bayazikhathalela ngakumbi intlalo-bume nenkxaso yeenkqubo eziluhlaza. Abavoti basemaphandleni, abaxhomekeke kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso yesithethe njengezolimo, ukuloba, kunye nokukhupha ilahleko, basoloko bethandabuza utshintsho olukhawulezileyo. Amacandelo kufuneka ahambe kakuhle, ingakumbi kwimimandla yengingqi exubene nezono lwedolophu.

Ukuziphatha Kwabantwana Nemozulu

Ukwanda kwemibutho yemozulu yolutsha lwehlabathi lonke, njengeLwesihlanu for Future kunye neSikolo sokuhlasela iMema, ziphembelele kwezobupolitika zamaJapan. Abaxhasi bolutsha baseJapan baye balungiselela ukubetha, ukuqhankqalaza, namaphulo okukhuthaza, ukukhuthaza amaqela ukuba athathe izibophelelo zemozulu ezomeleleyo. Ngoxa impembelelo engqalileyo yentsebenziswano iselinganiselwe, iye yaphakamisa inkalo yeengxaki zemekobume kwaye yanyanzela amaqela ukuba athathe izikhundla ezicacileyo.

I-Instagram, ne-TikTok ukwabelana ngolwazi, ukulungiselela iziganeko kunye nokugcina amaqela ezobupolitika ephendule. Amanye amaqela, ingakumbi i-CDP ne-JCP, aye afaka iimfuno zawo kwiqonga leqela kunye neenkqubo zephulo.

Iingcinezelo Nezibopho Zamazwe Ngamazwe

Imigaqo-nkqubo yemekobume yaseJapan ibunjwe ziinkqubo zezizwe ngezizwe kunye neengcinezelo zobuzwe. Njengomqondiso kwisivumelwano saseParis, iJapan kufuneka inikezele kwi-NDCs engakumbi kwaye ibonise inkqubela phambili kumaxhoba ayo. Eli lizwe likwanenxaxheba kwiG7, G20, kunye nezinye iingqungquthela ezininzi apho utshintsho lwemozulu luyinto engundoqo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nezivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe kungonakalisa udumo lwaseJapan namandla alo okwenza impembelelo yentsebenziswano.

Uncedo lophuhliso lwasemthethweni lwaseJapan (i-ODA) luquka inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemekobume, ukuxhasa ngenkxaso yemiqathango, ukutshintsha imozulu, kunye nokulawula ungcoliso kumazwe asakhasayo. I-Japan International Cooperation Cooperation Agency (JICA) ixhasa ukufuduselwa kwezibonelelo zobugcisa obuluhlaza. Ezi nkqubo zikhuthaza ukuzinikela kwezizwe ngezizwe zeJapan kwaye zivelisa amathuba kwiinkampani zelizwe lonke kwizoqoqosho oluluhlaza.

Uqhagamshelwano lwangaphandle kwimithombo enegunya kwiinkqubo zemozulu yezizwe ngezizwe ne-ODA ibalulekile kubafundi abafuna ulwazi olubhekele phaya. Umzekelo, uBungameli beMicimbi Yamazwe Angaphandle bupapasha iinkcukacha ngonxibelelwano lwemozulu yaseJapan, kunye neInternational Energy Agency (IEA) inika ugcino-lwazi olukuqhagamshelwano lwamandla nokukhutshwa komoya eJapan. IClimate Act Horacker inika uhlolo oluzimeleyo lwenkqubo yemozulu yeJapan. [[FLT:]] i-Umsebenzi wobulungiseleli bezoshishino zamazwe angaphandle [FLT] kunye [FLT]] ne-IEA's profile yelizwe laseJapan [[FLTLT]]

Imilinganiso Yezoqoqosho: Green Growth vs.

Ukutshintshela kwizoqoqosho oluphantsi lwenqwelo-mafutha kunika amathuba kunye nocelomngeni lwezoqoqosho lwamaJapan. Kwelinye icala, ubugcisa obuluhlaza bulicandelo lokukhula. IJapan inamandla okwaziyo kwiindawo ezifana namacandelo asebenza ngelanga, izixhobo ezisebenza ngamandla, amalungu ezithuthi zombane, neeseli ze-hydrogen. Icebo lokukhula koluhlaza lokuvelisa izinto, ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano, nokunyusa ukhuphiswano lwamaJapan kushishino lwehlabathi lonke. Ngo-2050, imisebenzi karhulumente enokuthi ishishini eliluhlaza livelise i-R490 yezigidi zezigidi zemali exabiso lezoqoqosho kunye nokwenza umsebenzi owezigidi ezi-1.8.

Kwelinye icala, uqoqosho lwaseJapan luhlala luxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto zelahleko, ingakumbi i-oyile ephuma kwamanye amazwe, amalahle, kunye negesi yendalo enyibilikayo (LNG). Ilizwe lineqela elikhulu lezixhobo zokutyala amandla kagesi, kunye noshishino lwalo olunzima (ikharbon, imichiza, isamente) luxhomekeke kakhulu. Utshintsho olusuka kula macandelo luzakuba nexabiso elikhulu kwaye luchaphazele imicimbi yezobupolitika. Abasebenzi kunye noluntu kwimimandla efaka amaqhosha amalahle, njengeHokkaido noKyushu, imele ijonge ukurhoxelwa kwezoqoqosho.

Ingxoxo ngesantya kunye nobungakanani botshintsho lwamandla ingendlela yokulungelelanisa ezi ngxaki zoqoqosho namathuba. I-LDP igxininisa izisombululo ezisekelwe kwintengiso, amaqabane kawonke-wonke, kunye notshintsho oluthe lwancipha ukuphazamiseka. ICDP neJCP ixhasa indima ephambili karhulumente, kuquka ushishino lukawonke-wonke, inkqubo yoshishino, kunye neminatha yokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni kubasebenzi abachaphazelekayo. Yuriko Koike, uRhuluneli waseTokyo, uzimise njengenkokeli eluhlaza kwisithuba esiqhelekileyo, ukhuthaza umnatha-zelo we-zeroyilelo lwe-Tokyo.

Iingxaki Nemiqobo

Naphezu kwenkqubela, iJapan ijongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo ekuzalisekiseni iingxube zokusingqongileyo. Ezi ngxaki zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, kunye nobugcisa bendalo, kwaye zibumba ukubonakala kobunyani beenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Iingxaki zodluliso lwamandla

Utshintsho lwamandla lwaseJapan luthintelwa yimiqathango yomhlaba (umhlaba olinganiselweyo welanga nomoya), imiqathango yesiseko sezixhobo zengcaciso, kunye nemiqobo yokulawula. Eli lizwe alinakunxibelelana phakathi kwemigca yengingqi, okwenza kube nzima ukulinganisa ukunikezelwa nokufunwa kwemimandla enqamlezekileyo. Ukwandisa amandla afuna utyalo olukhulu kwimigca yosasazo, ukugcina, kunye nobugcisa begridi.

Ukuxhomekeka okuqhubekayo kumandla enyukliya kudala uxinzeleleko phakathi kwemibandela yokhuseleko kunye nemozulu. Abemi abaninzi baseJapan bahlala bechasana namandla enyukliya, kwaye iimfuno zokwamkela indawo zikwenza kube nzima ukuqala kwakhona amasixhobo okusebenza kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ukuma kwe-LDP' pro pronucculism kungumsebenzi wetyala wezopolitiko, ingakumbi kwimimandla echatshazelwa yintlekele yaseFukushima. Amaqela enkcaso axhaphaza oku kunokwenzeka, abiza isigaba esikhawulezileyo.

Ukucaciswa Kwezobupolitika Nokwakha Isakhiwo

Inkqubo yokusingqongileyo eJapan iphantsi kwentsebenziswano yezobupolitika enye ephawula ezinye iinkalo. I-LDP kunye namaqabane ayo angumbutho athanda ukuxhasa ubuchule, ubugcisa obusetyenziswayo, ngelixa amaqela aphikisayo eqhubela phambili amaxhoba anobundlobongela kunye nongenelelo olungqongqo. Olu lwahlulo lwenza kube nzima ukufikelela inkqubo yexesha elide efunekayo ukuze kusikelwe imo eqinileyo.

Noko ke, kukho iindawo zesivumelwano esinqamlezileyo. Inkoliso yamaqela ixhasa usukelo lwamashumi amabini anesihlanu ekharbon, kwaye kukho ulwamkelo olubanzi ngemfuneko yokwandisa amandla avuselelekayo nokuphucula amandla. Ucelomngeni kukuguqulela ezi zivumelwano jikelele kwimigaqo-nkqubo ethile kunye nesenzo sowiso-mthetho. Iipolitiko zobuhlanga kunye nolawulo lwe-LDP kwiDiet (indawo ephakathi) kuthetha ukuba ukhetho lweqela lusoloko luphumelela, kodwa amaqela aphikisayo angaphembelela ucwangciso ngengxoxo kawonke kunye nengcinezelo yokhetho.

Ukulungelelanisa Ukhuphiswano Lwezoqoqosho

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo yaseJapan kufuneka iqwalaselwe ukugcina ukhuphiswano lwamashishini ayo. Imithetho ecwangcisiweyo inganyusa iindleko zamashishini kwaye ikhokelele ekuvuleni kwekharbon (ukuhamba kwemveliso kumazwe anemilinganiselo encinci). I-LDP kunye namaqela oshishino aphikisa indlela eqhubekekayo evumela ushishino ixesha lokuziqhelanisa nokuzidibanisela ngobugcisa obuluhlaza.

Amaqela enkcaso kunye nezobume aphikisayo ukuba isenzo esilibazisayo siza kuba nexabiso eliphezulu ixesha elide, njengokuba iJapan isengozini yokuwela emva kugqatso lwehlabathi lonke ukwenzela uhlaziyo oluluhlaza. Bakhomba ekuveleni kwendlela yokulungisa umda (CBAMs) kwiEuropean Union, enokuthi yohlwaye impahla evela kumazwe ngemigaqo yemozulu ebuthathaka. Uqoqosho oluthe lwathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka lulindele ezi nkqubela-phambili luze lulungelelanise ngokokunjalo.

Ikamva Nemikhwa Ekhulayo

Ukukhangela phambili, imicimbi yemeko-bume isenokuhlala ingumgca ophakathi wokhuphiswano lwezopolitiko lwaseJapan. Izimo ezininzi ziya kubumba indlela yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokumisa kweqela.

Okokuqala, isantya sokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelweyo siya kukhawuleza, siqhutywa ngamaxabiso aphantsi, inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa, kunye nenkxaso yenkqubo. IJapan ilindeleke ukuba yongeze umthamo womoya obalulekileyo osuka elunxwemeni kwii-2030, onokuthi uguqule ukuxubana kwamandla ayo kwaye unciphise ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwizinto zokubasa kunye namandla enyukliya. Ukugcinwa kwamandla okuzihlaziya kuya kuba ngundoqo kwimibandela yezobupolitika.

Okwesibini, utshintsho lwemozulu luza kuba nodumo. IJapan sele ifumana iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithiseleyo (ityphoon, i-heatwaves, imvula eninzi), ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizibonelelo, kwezolimo, nakwimimandla. Amatheko kufuneka alungise amanyathelo okuziqhelanisa, kuquka ukumelana nentlekele, ulawulo lokhukuliso, kunye nocwangco lobushushu. Le miba ineziphumo ezithe ngqo zengingqi kwaye ingenza umvoti axhase inkxaso.

Okwesithathu, umlinganiselo wehlabathi lonke uza kuqhubeka uphembelela imicimbi yezobupolitika yaseJapan. Iintlanganiso zemozulu yomhlaba wonke (iintlanganiso ze-COP), iingcinezelo zonxibelelwano ezivela kumahlakani, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo (njengeCBAMs) ziza kudala izikhuthazo zeJapan ukuze zomeleze izibophelelo zayo zemekobume. Umongameli welizwe ngo-2023 unika iqonga lokubonisa inyathelo lakhe eliluhlaza, kwaye iinkokeli zexesha elizayo ziza kuqinisa le ntshukumo.

Okwesine, impembelelo yezobupolitika yobutsha neyobume bendalo isenokukhula. Njengoko izizukulwana eziselula zisiba negalelo elikhulu kunyulo, izinto ezikhethwayo kwisenzo semozulu esomeleleyo ziya kubumba amaqonga eqela kunye neziphumo zonyulo. Iintlanganiso ezingakwaziyo ukucombulula ezi zinto zibangela ukuphulukana nenkxaso yabemi abaphambili.

Ekugqibeleni, uphuhliso lobugcisa luza kudala iindlela ezintsha zolawulo kunye nocelomngeni. Inkqubela-phambili kwi-hydrogen, ukufunyanwa nokugcinwa kwekharbon, ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya, kunye nobugcisa bebhetri ingaguqula ummandla wamandla waseJapan. Amatheko aza kuphikisana ngendlela yokufaka ubuchule bokuzigcina nokulawula ezi zixhobo, ukulungelelanisa iinzuzo ezinokwenzeka nomngcipheko kunye neendleko. Iipolitiko zotshintsho luza kubaluleka njengezolawulo lwezobupolitika.

Ubuncwane bangaphandle babafundi abanomdla kwindaleko yendalo yaseJapan buquka ukuxilonga kwewebhsayithi yemo yezulu esemthethweni, enika amaxwebhu enkqubo kunye nogcino-lwazi. I-Cliatetatetic Actraceter's Modertader's iphepha laseJapan[ inikela uhlalutyo oluzimeleyo lwemozulu yelizwe. [[FLT]] I-[FLT] igubulisa intengiso yezoshishino kunye nenkciso-ndaba enxulumene nenkcubeko yelizwe. [[FLT]

Ekuqukumbeleni, imiba yemekobume ilungise icandelo eliphambili lamaJapan ngendlela ezinzulu. Ukusuka kulwamkelo lwe-LDP lokukhula okuluhlaza ukuya kwisicelo sobundlobongela, amaqela akhuphisana ukuchaza intsingiselo yekamva lendalo yeJapan. Intshukumo phambili izele yimingeni, kuquka iingxaki zotshintsho, ukutshintsha kwezopolitiko, kunye norhwebo-yoqoqosho olucacileyo: inkqubo yemekobume iza kuhlala ingundoqo, ikhuphisana, kwaye inkxwano yezobupolitika zamaJapan kanga amashumi eminyaka ezayo. Njengoko iingcinezelo zomhlaba nokwazi ukunyuka kwendalo nokukhula, amaqela abonisa kakuhle umbono othembekileyo nowendalo onamandla aza kumila kwindawo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza. [[FLD:]