Ukuchongwa kwemithetho-siseko seBhunga leMicimbi yeNkcubeko yeSebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni kusisixhobo solawulo, silungiselela inkqubo esesikweni apho abenzi bezomthetho baqokelela khona inkcazelo, bahlola ubungqina, kunye nenkqubo yengxoxo. Kummandla wezemfundo, ukuva oku kusebenza njengebhulorho egxekayo phakathi kwezicelo zoqingqo-mali zesebe eliphetheyo kunye nezigqibo zokugqibela ezimisela indlela ii-dola zemali ezihambayo eziya kwizikolo, iikholeji, kunye neenkqubo zoncedo lwabafundi. Ukusuka ekubeni nje ziqokelele imigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo, ukuva i-mali esetyenziswa kwizigidi zezigidi zemali esetyenziswayo kwimfundo yemfundo, ukuphembeleka kwemibutho yezorhulumente, kwaye zinike ilizwi kubafundisi-matheliso abasuka kubafundisi-yunivesithi. Ukuqonda indlela abasebenzi bezolwazi abasebenza ngayo nendlela abaguqulela kwiinkqubo zemfundo zezopolitiki abafuna ngayo kwizemali eMelika.

Isiseko sokwenziwa kweeNkcukacha

Ii-Congregations ziququzelelwa ngokuyintloko ziikomiti neekomiti ezincinci kwiNdlu yabameli nakwiNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu. Amacandelo amabini anempembelelo engakumbi enkxaso-mali yemfundo yiKomiti yeNdlu yeDyevwa ne-Ofisi yoMsebenzi kunye neKomiti yeNdlu yeNtlalo yezeMpilo, yemfundo, yeMfundo, yeMsebenzi, kunye nePenssion (HELP). Kule komiti, uqingqo-mali kunye nokuchola kweengxelo kubanjelelwa ukuhlolisisa isicelo soqingqo-mali sonyaka-mali soMongameli seSebe lemfundo, ngoxa umalathisi beli balihlola ukwenziwa nokuphumelela kwenkqubo ekhoyo.

Ukuvakala kulandela indlela ecwangcisiweyo. Isitulo siqala ngamazwi achaza injongo, alandelwa ngamangqina anokuquka unobhala wemfundo, amagosa esebe, abameli bezemfundo, abaphandi, abaxhasi, nangamaxesha athile abafundi okanye abazali. Ingqina ngalinye linikela ingxelo elungiselelweyo, emva kokuba amalungu ekomiti ebuza imibuzo. Oku kunika abenzi-mthetho ukuba bafumane ubuchule bokulungisa uqingqo-mali, babalaselise iziphumo ezingacacanga zemali, kwaye bakhuphe izibophelelo kwiinkokeli zemali. Ingxelo ebhaliweyo ``iiiingqino zekomiti iquka zonke ezingqino kwaye idlulisele ingxelo yengxelo yekomiti esemthethweni, kamva ezisa iingxoxo kumgangatho kunye nombhalo wokugqibela wezoludwe lwemiqatha yeengxelo.

Iindidi zeendlebe nemisebenzi yazo yokuzitshintsha

Asizizo zonke iindlebe ezilinganayo. Iindlebe zoqingqo-mali, ezidla ngokuqukwa kwasekuqaleni konyaka wekhalenda, zijolise kwizicelo zemali zolawulo. Umzekelo, ngoMatshi 2023, iNdlu Yolawulo Lolawulo lweNdlu Esezantsi kwiKhomishini, yeMpilo, yeMpilo, yemfundo, kunye neMidlalo eProviences Activations zabamba ukuvalwa apho unobhala wemfundo Miguel Cardona ocetyikisweyo wemali eqikelelwayo yeSebe lemfundo.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, jonga emva ukuze uhlole indlela ekwenziwe ngayo inkxaso-mali ngaphambili. I-ofisi kaRhulumente (GAO) isoloko ikhupha iingxelo ezithetha ngolo hlobo lokuva. Ulawulo lolawulo lwama-2022 kuSihloko I, inkqubo yorhulumente exhasa abafundi abasweleyo, yatyhila ukuba amawaka ezigidi zeerandi azizange zifumane okanye ziphathwe kakubi ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwemali, inkxanononganisa izicelo zokuphendula ngokungqongqo. Ngokufanayo, ukuva kudweliswa kwenkqubo kaPell Grant kubalase umsantsa okhulayo phakathi kwemali ehlawulwayo kunye neendleko zokwenyaniso zokuya ekholeji, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kucetyo ngokuphuculwa kwemiqatha yemali.

Ukuva okugunyazisiweyo kungudidi lwesithathu. Oku kwenzeka xa iNkqutyana iqwalasela ukuphinda imisele imithetho engundoqo yemfundo, enjenge-All Students Foundations Act (ESA) okanye uMthetho wezemfundo oPhezulu. Ngexesha lokuva oku, incoko idlulela ngaphaya komgangatho wemali yonyaka kwiinguqu zolwakhiwo lwemali esasazwa ngayo. Umzekelo, ebudeni benkqubo yokuqulunqwa kwakhona kwemfundo ngo-2015, iindlebe zaveza ingxoxo ezishushu yokuba kuqhubeke kusetyenziswa imigaqo esekelwe ekubonelweni kobalo I okanye ukuguqula ukhuphiswano kusekelwe kwimithetho esekelwe kwimisebenzi eqhubekayo.

Ukurhwebelana Ngeefomu Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Owona mphumela uthe ngqo wokuva kwemigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo yokuxhasa imfundo ubonwa kushicilelo oluhle lwezibhedlele zemali edityanisiweyo. Iinkqubo zokuxhasa iinkqubo ezifana neSihloko I, Abantu Abanemisebenzi Ezenzululwazi (IDEA) banika, umsebenzi kunye nemfundo yobugcisa zidume ngokuntsonkothileyo. Iindlebe zivumela abenzi bemithetho ukuba bahlole enoba ezi ndlela zokusasaza izinto ngokungenammiselo kumazwe, kwisithili, nakubemi babafundi. Ubungqina obuvela kwinkonzo yophando lweCongresalicational Real field (CRS) kunye neGAO isoloko ityhila iziphumo ezingaqondakaliyo njengemimiweyo ezifumana iimali ezininzi kwi-pipleIEA kuneendla ezihlweleyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2019, iKomiti yeeNtlanganiso yokuNcediswa kweeNkcukacha yabalaselisa ukuba urhulumente wasekuhlaleni akazange afeze imbopheleleko yakhe egunyazisiweyo yokuxhasa ama-40 ekhulwini exabiso eliqhelekileyo lemfundo ekhethekileyo. Ubungqina obusuka kubameli bamalungelo esiphene kunye nabaphathi besikolo babonisa uxinzelelo lokwenene lwehlabathi lokuncitshiswa kweliso, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekulungisweni kwemali emalunga nama-2020 e-apprion uxwebhu olwandisa i-IDEA ngexabiso eliyibhiliyo elingu-R3,3,2,2,2,2,2, ngamawaka ezigidi, ulwando lwamalungelo onyaka oweshumi eli-waka. Oku kwaba ngumphumo othe ngqo wobungqina obunikezelwa.

Ngokufanayo, ukuva kuPell Grants ngexesha lorhoxoko lwamatyala lwangowama-2008 kwanika ugcino-lwazi olubonisa ukuba ubuninzi bemali buquka i-35 ekhulwini kuphela lexabiso lomlinganiselo wokuya kwiyunivesithi kawonke-wonke yeminyaka emine, ukuhla ukusuka kuma-70 ekhulwini ekupheleni konyaka ka-1970. Loo bungqina banceda ukwakha imeko yeMelika yokuRevement and Reinvestment Act yamalungiselelo okwandisa i-Pell kwaye kamva yakhokelela kwisalathiso sonyuko lonyuko lokwenyuka kwexabiso lexesha elizayo ukuya kunyuko-$a system systems trans transmeters transmetersting Act, nto leyo ebengabanga yenzeka ngaphandle kwengxelo yokuva.

Indima Yobungqina Nobungqina

Ubungqina bungumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuchongwa. Abenzi bomthetho badla ngokumema iqela lamangqina amele iimbono ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ingxubusho elungeleleneyo. Kwinkxaso-mali yemfundo, oku kubandakanya igosa lesizwe (umz., iSekela-Sosiba wemfundo), ugqirha wemigangatho karhulumente (umz. umphathi wesikolo), umlawuli wengingqi wengingqi yengingqi yemfundo (umz.), kunye nommeli wengingqi yephondo engancediyo okanye umbutho wesizwe. Le mxube iqinisekisa ukuba ingxelo ithathe uhlalutyo loqingqo-mali lomgangatho wemacro kunye neziphumo zemiqathango yabafundi nabafundisi-bafundisi-bafundisi-lwazi oluncinane.

Umzekelo ophawulekayo wenzeka ngexesha lokuchongwa okumanyeneyo komntwana odibeneyo we-COVID-19 kwinkxaso yemfundo. AmaNgqina aquka umphathi wesikolo sasemaphandleni waseMississippi owachaza indlela iindleko zemali zesithili sakhe ezibanzi ezayidla ngayo iSihloko seSihloko I, umphengululi weNational Bureau of Economic Research owanikela ugcino-lwazi ngokulahlekelwa, kunye nomzali womntwana odibenekileyo owanikela ubungqina ngokuwa kweenkonzo ze-person. Ubunzima bendlela yobungqina bomzali, obudityaniswe nenkcazelo yophandolo, waqinisekisa amalungu aliqela athandabuzayo eBhunga ulawulo lwe-Congresskorreant afumana ulwanorevers Plan eMelikan American Plantions perlatectrial neFreant yeSikolo (ES) ye-Ester Seader (Ester)

Ukuthembeka kwamangqina. Ukuva kumema amagosa asuka kwi-GAO kunye ne-Congregational Uhlaziyo lwe-Ofisi yoHlahlo-mali (CBO) ukunikela uhlolo olungangeni kwicala. Umzekelo, ingxelo yama-2020 GAO malunga nokukhutshelwa kweenkqubo zemfundo zikarhulumente.

Uhlolisiso Lweendlebe Ezinemiphumo

Ngoxa ityala lowe - 2018 elikhankanywe kwinqaku lokuqala lingumzekelo omhle, uhlolisiso olunzulu olungokwembali lubonisa indlela ukuva okuye kwayitshintsha ngayo inkqubo yokuxhasa imfundo.

Ingxelo Yonyaka wama - 2018 Ngendima Yemfundo

I-8 Juni 2018 evakala phambi kweNdlu yemfundo kunye neKomiti yoMsebenzi, yathi “Indima Yesebe Kwimfundo Nonyuko Lolawulo Lwezwe,” yanikela ubungqina obuvela kuNobhala Betsy Devos, abaveleli abaliqela bephondo, kunye nomphathisikolo wesikolo somthetho. Ebudeni bemibuzo, amalungu ekomiti agxininisa ukuba ndibe ndibe ndibe ndibe ndiqeqeshiwe ngeshumi leminyaka [ukunyuka kolawulo loburhulumente kunye nolawulo loluntu], ngelixa inani labafundi abaphila ngobuhlwempuze benyuka. Umba ophezulu osuka kwisithili saseKentuckykthricky wanikela ubungqina bokuba uhambele kwimali engaphezulu kodwa wafumana iSihlomelo semali eninzi kunaleyo ngenxa yokubalwa kwemizilo yasedolophulophu ngenxa yokubalwa “kunyela kumbize ubuhlwe behlwelo-buhlwe.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuchotshelwa kwetyala kwabangela ukuba kuthatyathwe inxaxheba kwisebe lobupolitika, kuquka amacandelo e-NPR ne-CNN, aphakamisa imbambano yokuxhasa isikolo. Uluntu, lwabangela ingcinezelo yengca kubenzi bomthetho ukuba baquke iminikelo yasemaphandleni kwimali yemali yemali yemali yemali ye-omnibus yowama-201919.

Ingxelo yeNkcubeko

Ngexesha lengxoxo emalunga noMthetho weFievects, owathatha indawo yokungabikho kwabantwana Abashiywe Emva, ukuva okuninzi kwaguqula amalungiselelo okugqibela emali. Ukuva okunempembelelo kakhulu ngoMatshi 2015 kwaveza ingxelo yeGAO ngeSihloko I, ephikisa ukuba ukuvumela amaziko asuse isiHloko semali ukusuka kwizikolo eziphezulu ukuya kwezinye izinto ezingundoqo. Ingxelo engundoqo yeGAO iyakuphazamisa injongo yenkqubo. I-GAO i-a i-metator engundoqo yokufaka ulwimi olufuna ukuba ubuncinane kwimali ye-Sihlokotho Ndisezikolo ezisebenzayo, ucwangciso olusasebenza namhlanje.

I-COVID-19 Iindlebe zexesha likaxakeka kwi-2020-2021

Le ngxaki yabangela imfuneko engathethekiyo yokuxhasa imfundo yongxamiseko. Iindlebe ngoMatshi 2020, ngaphambi kokuba kumiselwe uMthetho weCaress, zaquka ubungqina obuvela kwiAmerican Federation of Teachers kunye neNational Gurvers Association malunga neendleko zemfundo ekude, iinkqubo zokutya kwesikolo, kunye nezixhobo zobuqu zokuzikhusela. INgxowa-mali yemfundo yokuSebenza, eyasasaza ngaphezu kwama-$30 amawaka ezigidi, yakhiwe ngqo ngemililo ekhankanyiweyo ebalasemlisweni wezobugcisa obuthile, isondlo, kunye neemfuno zempilo yengqondo. Kamva, ngowama-20211, ukuveliswa kwemali yesikolo sesithili ye-ESTER kwaquka ukusetyenziswa kwemali ekwayaseFOs eyanikela ubungqina malunga nokuchithwa kwemali ngemiqathango yomthetho karhulumente. Oku kwaphumela kwiSebe lemfundo yokwandisa imfuno-mali ukususela kumhla we-ESSCeCeting 202222222.

2023 Uqingqo - mali Lokuphulaphula Intetho Yotyalo

NgoMeyi 2023, iNdlu yeeNdlela zokuNceda yaququzelela iKomiti yokuchophela ityala eyayinamagama athi “I-Pelgrant Grant: Iminyaka engamashumi amane Yokhuthuzo.” AmaNgqina ayequka umongameli wasekuhlaleni owachaza ukuba uPell ugquma ama-26 ekhulwini kuphela eendleko zabafundi abakhoyo, enyanzelisa abafundi abaninzi ukuba bathathe imali ebolekisiweyo yabucala. Umqeshi we-omatshini abasebenza kwi-ofisi yemali yoHlalo-mali [FLT]] i-Congaverionational Office Office [[FLD:1] i-untsss uhlaluko olupheleleyo olubonisa ukuba ukuxhasa unyuko oluzenzekelayo olunxulumene nokwenyukelelwa kunyuso nyaka wonke [iiiiibhiliyo] lwe-200 000 000 000 000 000 000].

Imbono Yemithombo Yezindaba Neyesidlangalala

Enye yeziphumo ezingangqalanga kodwa ezinamandla zendlebe kukukwazi kwabo ukubumba intetho yesidlangalala. Xa umfundi echaza indlela ukuva okumnyanzela ngayo ukuba aqhube iinkonzo zasekholeji kuphela.

Ngokomzekelo, u-2018 “Umbutho wobomi Bethu” wadityaniswa neendlebe ezikhoyo kwinkxaso-mali yokhuseleko lwasesikolweni. Ubungqina bamaNgqina abasinda kwi-parkland kunye nabaphathi-mali besikolo bakhokelela ekudluleni koMthetho we-EDEMAT School Violence of 2018, owagunyazisa ii-$100 zezigidi ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe kwaye uqeqeshwe. Lo mthetho waba ngumphumo othe ngqo wokuva okunyusa amandla engca kubafundi abaxhasi.

Ngokufanayo, iindlebe zowama-2012 zengeniso yeekholeji − ezavelisa ubungqina obuvela kubafundi ababeziqokelele amatyala atyumzayo ngaphandle kwethemba lomsebenzi ." zafaka “umthetho onika imali eninzi”, zidibanisa uncedo lwabafundi besebe kwinkqubo. Iindlebe, zisasazwa kwiC-SPAN zaza zagqunywa kakhulu yiNew York Times, zasusa uluvo lukawonke-wonke nxamnye namaziko ahlaselayo zaza zakhokelela ekubeni zijonge ngakumbi kwicandelo.

Imida Nokugxekwa Kwenkqubo Yokuva

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwazo, iindlebe zombutho azinazintsilelo. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi iindlebe zinokuba luncedo, amalungu asebenzisa imizuzu emihlanu yokubuza kwi-screens kunokuqokelela ulwazi. Ukwanda kokudityaniswa kwemimandla engaphandle kwakhona kukwathetha ukuba ukuva okuninzi kunike amangqina anyukileyo okuqinisa iindawo ezimiselwe kwangaphambili, kunokuba kunikezele ubuchule obulungeleleneyo. Umzekelo, ebudeni bokuva kwe-X yemali, omabini amaqela amenywa ukuba athathele amagunya awo abonisa indlela ababhinqi aba malungu, anciphisa amathuba okulalanisa.

Omnye umda yikhalenda yokuva exineneyo, kwaye amalungu amaninzi ekomiti akwindawo nje encinane, exhomekeke kubasebenzi ukushwankathela ubungqina obushwankathelayo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekudibaniseni kakhulu kwemiqathango entsonkothileyo yemali. Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo yabangenisi-zintlu-nxaxheba isoloko ivakala emva kwemiboniso; iindlebe zisenokuba zenzelwe ukwenza ingxelo exhasa ishishini elithile okanye iqela lobugcisa. Umzekelo, ukuva ngemfundo ephezulu ngokufuthi kungqina elivela kwiimbutho zemfundo eyunivesithi elifuna iindleko zophando ezithelweyo, ngoxa kungekho mangqina aphantsi afumana iimfuno zophando athetha ngemfuneko yabo yemali.

Noko ke, ukhuseleko lweprocedual jl-" olufana nemfuneko yokuthengwa kwamangqina e-bipartisan kunye nokufumaneka kweembono eziphikisanayo kwiingxelo ezincinane `````Iingxoxo'' ezibalulekileyo kumandla olawulo. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ixhomekeke kula matyala ukuze ivelise ingxelo ebhaliweyo enokuthi iinkundla neeBhunga zexesha elizayo zijongene nayo xa kutolikwa iinjongo zomthetho.

Isiphelo

Iindlebe zeBhunga zingaphezulu kakhulu kunemithambo yomfuziselo; ngamagumbi ee-injini apho iinkqubo zemfundo zivavanywa khona, zicocwa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ziphinda zilungiswe. Ngokuzisa kunye amagosa esebe aphetheyo, iinkokeli zesebe, iinkokeli zemfundo, abaphandi, kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo, ukuva okunentsingiselo entle yokuba izigqibo zoqingqo-mali, imigaqo yemali, kunye nokwakhiwa kwemithetho engundoqo yemfundo. Ukuphulaphula indima yemfundo ephambili yemfundo, ii-Essa, kunye nobhubhani wexesha likaxakeka, bonke abantu babonisa ukuba xa amangqina ethembekile nemibuzo ikhaliphile, iziphumo zinokuvakala iminyaka emininzi kwiingxelo zesikolo semfundo, kunye neengxolo yabafundi abafundayo. Njengoko ingxube phambili kwinkcaso yemfundo, kunye nengxube-mali ephakathi kwemali, ukuva i-alunyuke, ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho-mali yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo ekhoyo, ziya kuqhubeka ukuguqula ukushunyaniswa kwemithetho yemithetho yemithetho yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yesizwe, kunye neyokutshintsha yemfundo ye