Indima Ekhethekileyo Yabantu Abanokholo Ekufikeleleni Kumanani Abantu

Imibutho esekelwe kukholo inesikhundla esahlukileyo kubomi boluntu lwaseMerika. Ziphakathi kwamaziko athenjiweyo kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abaye babalwa ngokwembali kubalo-mali lweminyaka edlulileyo. Oku kuthemba akungothuko; kwakhiwe ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka enkonzo, inkathalo, kunye nobukho boluntu. Xa inkokeli yokholo ithetha ngokubalwa kwabantu ekwiqonga okanye ilungiselela isiganeko sokuzalisekisa iholo yobudlelane, loo myalezo uthwala ubunzima obungenakuphinda uphinde ubekho.

Ubalo-manani lweminyaka edlulileyo asingomsebenzi wolawulo nje. Imisela ukwabiwa kwezihlalo ezingaphezu kwe-R3,5 yezigidi zezigidi zee-R3, ngonyaka, kuqukunjelwa iinkqubo ezinjenge-Medicaid, i-Someral Nutrition Amension Program (SNAP), ucwangciso lohola wendlela, isidlo sasemini sesikolo, kunye noncedo lwezindlu. Inani labasebenzi abachaphazelekayo libonisa inani lezihlalo ezikhoyo kwiphondo ngalinye elikwi-U.S. Indlu yabameli nezakhiwo zephondo kumgangatho wonke karhulumente. Xa uluntu lunganikwa nkonzo yezopolitiko, luphulukana nooomasipala bezo zezopolitiki, ilahlekelwa zizinto eziceliweyo zezibhedlele, iindlela, nezikolo. Ilingenelo olusekelwe kwimizi yazo ezinzulu nezifikelele kuyo, zixhotyiswe ngokukhethekileyo ukuze zifikelele kwisabelo sokuthabatha izithuba.

Ukuqonda Ityala: Ngubani Ophoswayo Nonobangela Woko

Ukuze siqonde isizathu sokuba abantu abanokholo bebaluleke kangaka ekubaleni abantu, kusinceda siqonde ukuba ngubani osoloko ephoswa kukubala abantu.

  • Izithethe kunye nezizwe ezincinane: Afrikan America, iSpeyin okanye iLatino, iMelika yeIndiya, kunye nezinye izizwana zase-Asia ziye zafumana amanani aphezulu kunabemi jikelele. Imiqobo yeelwimi, ukungalungelelani kwezindlu, nokungathembani kwamaziko karhulumente kunegalelo.
  • uluntu olukwindawo ekude: Kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, iidilesi zinokuba zisezantsi, ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kusoloko kulinganiselwe, kwaye abemi balapho basenokusasazwa ngokwemo yelizwe, okwenza ukuba ukulandelelana koludwe kungabi nzima.
  • Abantwana abancinane: abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu baphakathi kweyona qela ingabalwanga kakhulu. Abazali basenokungaqondi ukuba kufuneka baxele abantwana abasandul' ukuzalwa okanye abantwana abahlula ixesha phakathi kweentsapho. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kukholo lwabantwana baselula zinokukunceda ekuboneni ezi zimvo.
  • Abemi abafudukayo kunye neembacu: Uloyiko ngokugcinwa kolawulo lokufuduka, ubume obusemthethweni, kunye nokugcinwa kogcino-lwazi kungathintela ukuba nenxaxheba. Iintsapho ezixutyiweyo zisengozini enkulu yokukhetha ukubalwa ngokupheleleyo.
  • Abantu abangenamakhaya: abo bangenazindlu ezizinzileyo badume ngokunzima ukubala. Iheltars, iindonga zokutya, kunye nokufikelela kokholo zisoloko zingowona manani athembekileyo okudibana kwaba bantu.
  • Abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nezindlu ezihamba kakhulu: Abachwethezi bahamba rhoqo kunabanini-khaya, kwaye iidilesi zabo zingatshintsha phakathi kweposi ze Census Bureau. Abafundi beKolleji, abasebenzi bamaxesha athile, kunye neentsapho ezikwizindlu zotshintsho zonke ziwela kweli candelo.

Imibutho esekelwe kukholo sele inceda uninzi lwala maqela ngokutya, iiklasi ze-ESL, iindawo zokufihla intloko, iikliniki zempilo, kunye neenkqubo zolutsha. Olu lwalamano lukhoyo luphelisa ingxaki ebandayo ebangelwa yimibutho karhulumente. Uthelekelelo lobalo lwabantu kwiveni yecawa yosuku okanye isibhengezo esifutshane kumthandazo weSihlanu weSikolo samaSingcwele sifikelela kubantu apho besahlala khona, kwindawo abaziva bekhuselekile kwaye behlonelwa.

Isizathu Sokuba Ubalo Lube Nenxaxheba Kwimibandela Yabantu Abanokholo

Imibutho esekelwe kukholo kufuneka ikhuthaze ukuba kubekho inani labantu kungekuphela nje njengemisebenzi yesizwe kodwa njengesenzo sobugosa kwimimandla yabo. Inkxaso yemali efumaneka kwiinkqubo zobalo-manani ixhasa iinkqubo zebandla ezininzi ezixhomekeke okanye ezisebenzisanayo. Qwalasela le mizekelo:

  • Iinkqubo zeNtloko nezomsebenzi wangaphambi komsebenzi, ezisoloko zigcinwe okanye zisetyenziswa yimibutho esekelwe kukholo, zixhaswa ngemali esekelwe kwixabiso labemi.
  • I-Medicaid kunye nenkqubo ye-Inishorensi yezempilo yabantwana (CHIP) igubungela ukunyanyekelwa kwempilo yeentsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. Amabandla afumana iikliniki zezempilo, anika i-arhente, okanye acebisa ngokulula iintsapho kufuneka ezi nkqubo zixhaswe ngokupheleleyo.
  • ICDBG yenkqubo yoPhuhliso loLuntu iGrant (CDBG) yenkcubeko yemali yobume bengingqi, amaziko aphezulu, kunye neeprojekthi zezindlu ezinokufikeleleka.
  • Inkqubo yoncedo lweNtutrition Eqhelekileyo (SNAP) inceda iintsapho zibeke ukutya etafileni, inciphisa imfuneko yeebhedi zokutya ezibalekayo yaye ivumela ubuncwane obulinganiselweyo bokunceda abantu baqhubeke betya.
  • Iinkqubo zesikolo zesidlo sasemini, iinkqubo zasemva kwesikolo, kunye namanxuwa okutya asehlotyeni konke kuxhomekeke kwiindlela ezimiselwe ukubala abantu. Xa abantwana bengabalwanga, iinkqubo zamaziko afundisayo asekelwe kukholo kunye neenkampu zolutsha zijongene nemali efunyenweyo.

Ngokufutshane, ukubala okupheleleyo komeleza umnatha wokhuseleko lwentlalo oncediswa yimibutho esekelwe kukholo. Ukukhuthaza ukubalwa kwabantu akuyomisebenzi yangaphandle yezopolitiko; sisenzo esingqalileyo sokuzirhwebela ngokwaso kunye notyalo-mali lwebutho.

Intlangano esekelwe kukholo iyakwazi ukukhupha

Akukho ndlela enye yokufumana inani labantu ngempumelelo, kodwa abantu bokholo bayakwazi ukufumana izixhobo ezityebileyo zeziqhagamshelanisi zonxibelelwano kunye neendlela zocwangciso. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zithatyathwe kwizenzo ezintle eziye zabonwa ngowama-2020 nemijikelo yokubalwa kwabantu, kwakunye nophando oluqhubekayo oluvela kwi U.S.Cumbulation Bureaument's Complete Count Komitie[ inkqubo.

Ukuxilongwa Kwamanani Akhoyo

Kunokusebenzisa inkcazelo esoloko isetyenziswa ngabantu abahlala kunye.

  • Ukukhankanya nje kancinane ebudeni benxalenye yezaziso zeenkonzo zonqulo okanye iindibano.
  • Inqwelo - moya efaka kwijelo lendaba okanye iphepha - maphepha.
  • Uhlahlelo olukwi-webhsayithi yentlangano olunxulumene ngqo nobalo-manani olukwi-intanethi.
  • Iipopu kwiqonga lonxibelelwano, ezinabasebenzi namatsha - ntliziyo ukuze kufikelwe izinto eziphilayo.
  • Uthotho lwemiyalezo ekhumbuza abaququzeleli abakhethe uthungelwano oluhambayo.

Ukufana kwemibandela yokuthumela imiyalezo kunendlela yokubhala. Uphando lwenzululwazi yothungelwano lubonisa ukuba ukuchanabeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwisigidimi kwimijelo emininzi kunyusa inkumbulo kunye nesenzo. Xa umntu eva ngokubalwa kwabantu eqongeni, ubona inqwelo-moya emnyango wokukhanyisa ukutya, kwaye ufumana umbhalo okhumbuza bonke ngeveki enye, amathuba okuba nenxaxheba anyuka ngokuphawulekayo.

Umququzeleli Wezehlo Ezizalisayo Ezidityanisiweyo

Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo yenye yezilula: kuvulwe iingcango zesibonelelo sakho kwaye unike iikhompyutha, amacwecwe, okanye ifomu yephepha ukuze abantu bagqibe ukubala abantu ngeli lithuba. Oku kuthetha ngqo ngolwahlulo lwamanani oluthintela umgangatho ophantsi kunye nabemi basemaphandleni ekungeneleleni kwi-intanethi. Iziqalelo ezingundoqo zesiganeko esinempumelelo sokuzalisa ziquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Amatsha - ntliziyo aqeqeshiweyo: ancedisa isiganeko nabantu abanokuphendula imibuzo esisiseko malunga nefomu yokubalwa kwabantu ngaphandle kokunikela icebiso elingokwasemthethweni okanye lokufuduka. I-Census Bureaurage inikezela ngezixhobo zoqeqesho ezikhululekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuncedisana.
  • ufikelelo lolwimi lolwimi: Iqinisekisa ukuba amatsha - ntliziyo athetha iilwimi ezimelwa luluntu okanye asebenzise izikhokelo zolwimi lwe-Cubreasure Bureau. Le ndlela ye-intanethi ngokwayo ifumaneka ngeelwimi ezili-13, kwaye iifomu zephepha zikhona ngesiNgesi nangeSpanish.
  • Ukunyamekela umntwana nokumhlaziya: Susa imiqobo yokuya ngokunika abantwana imisebenzi kunye nokunika ukutya okulula okanye ukutya okulula.
  • Izithuba ezininzi zexesha: Nika iziganeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kuquka iingokuhlwa neempelaveki, ukuhlalisa ucwangciso lomsebenzi.
  • Isiqinisekiso se- Beka iikhompyutha okanye amacwecwe kwizithuba zabucala apho abaphendulayo banokugqiba le ndlela ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa. Posti isiqinisekiso esicacileyo sokuchaza ukhuseleko lwemfihlelo lwe-overence.

Qeqesha Iinkokeli Zokholo Njengeengcungela Zokubala

Amazwi aphembelela kakhulu kulo naluphi na uluntu abefundisi, amamam, oorabhi, abalungiseleli, kunye neenkokeli eziqhelekileyo ezinikela iintetho, iiklasi, kunye nabantu abalulekayo. Zixhobise ezi nkokeli ngeengongoma ezishwankathelayo zokuthetha ngobalo lwabantu ukuze zithethe ngokuqiniseka nangokukholisayo. Qwalasela ukunikela uqeqesho olufutshane, inqaku lephepha elinye lephepha, okanye isigidimi sevidiyo esibhaliweyo esivela kwinkokeli yecawa. Xa iinkokeli yokomoya ime phambi kwabantu kwaye ithi, "Ndiyigqibile ifomu yam yokubalalisa, kwaye ndicela ukuba uthelele kum," ukuba ubungqina bobuqu bungaphelisa ukuthandabuza nokungakhathaleli okunempumelelo kunasiphi na isibhengezo senkqubo.

ISebe elisebenza kwiSebe loLuntu noLolongo lweZiko

Iintlangano ezisekelwe kukholo akuyomfuneko ukuba ziyile imigudu yazo yokufikelela ngaphandle kokufumana. IiBhaagiodo zoochwepheshe abasebenzisanayo ukubonelela ngezinto ezifumaneka ngesisa, uqeqesho, kunye nenkxaso yogcino-lwazi. Ngaphezu koko, amaphondo amaninzi noomasipala baneeKomiti Zokuhlanganisa ngokupheleleyo ezidibanisa uphatho lwasekuhlaleni. Ngokunxulumana nezi ntlanganiso zikhoyo, intlangano yokholo iyakwazi ukunyusa ufikelelo lwayo ngaphandle kokwenza umgudu. Iikomiti zidla ngokunikezela ngezinto ezishicilelweyo, kwanamavolontiwa anokunikela izinto ezinokunikela ngeziganeko ezikhoyo. Isitshixo kukuphawula inqaku lokunxibelelana kwasekuqaleni; ubalo kufuneka kuqale ucwangciso lwangaphakathi phambi komhla wokusebenza kobalo olusemthethweni.

Ukwakha Intembelo Ngonxibelelwano Olunemifanekiso

Ukuthemba yimali esetyenziswayo xa kubhaliswa inani labantu, kwaye imibutho esekelwe kukholo inayo kakhulu kunamaziko amaninzi. Kodwa kufuneka intembelo igcinwe ngokuqhubekayo, hayi nje icingelwa. Izizathu eziqhelekile ezinika abantu zokungathabathi nxaxheba ekubalekeni kwabantu ngamaxhala okubala abantu, ukoyika urhulumente ophambayo, nokudideka ngendlela ulwazi oluza kusetyenziswa ngayo. Uluntu lungathetha ngezi zinto.

Chaza Indlela Yokukhusela Okuyimfihlo

Umthetho womanyano ucacile: nawuphi na ugcino-lwazi oluqokelelwe kubalo luyimfihlo kangangeminyaka engama-72. I-Census Bureau ayinako ukwabelana ngeempendulo zabantu nabanyanzeli bomthetho, abasemagunyeni abathathi-nxaxheba, okanye nawuphi na omnye umbutho karhulumente. Iimpendulo azinakusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ukuba zifanele zifumane iingenelo okanye zinyanzelise nayiphi na imbopheleleko esemthethweni. Olu khuselo lugunyaziswe kwiSiHloko 13 se-U.S. Imithetho yezohlwayo kwaye ithwala izigwebo zolwaphulo-mthetho kulo nawu nawuphi na umqeshwa oya wakwayo oyaphula umthetho. Iinkokeli zokholo zifanele zikuchaze ngokucacileyo kwaye zisebenzise ingqiqo enje: "Impendulo yakho yokubhalisa itywiswe phantsi komthetho onamandla kunaleyo imfihlolo yoogqirha."

Idilesi yophambuko ngqo

Kubemi abaphambukeli, uloyiko lokubalwa kwabantu abasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokunyanzelisa ukufuduka luyinto yokwenene yaye luye lwanyuswa kwimijikelo yakutshanje yezobupolitika. Imibutho yokholo inokuzibuyisa iingcamango eziphosakeleyo ngokugxininisa kwiingongoma ezintathu:

  1. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuthatha wonke umntu kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungowasemthethweni okanye uphi. Le nto ibiyinkqubo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-200, kwaye isekelwe kugunyaziso lomGaqo-siseko ukubala bonke abantu.
  2. Alithandabuzeki elokuba ubumi okanye ubumi obusemthethweni becandelo labahlali. (UNote: ukubalwa kwabantu abangama - 2020 kwakungaquki umbuzo wokuba ngummi, yaye iSebe Lemibaliso lithe akuyi kubandakanywa nokubalwa kwabantu okuza kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.)
  3. IBreau yeCensus inemithetho engqongqo yokukhusela ugcino-lwazi. Akukho sicelo somthetho okanye sokunyanzelisa ukuba abantu bafumane iimpendulo zobalo.

Yilwe Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nokuphulaphula Ngemfesane

Akusoloko kukho ukuthandabuza okusekelwe kwezobupolitika okanye kwinkqubo. Amanye amalungu oluntu akasiqondi isizathu sokuba kutheni le nto kusenziwa ubalo lwabantu kubomi bawo bemihla ngemihla. Abanye basenokuba bevile iingcamango zozungu ezikhoyo kwi-media. Kwezi meko, ukuphikisana okanye ukurhoxa kuza kusilela. Endaweni yoko, iinkokeli zokholo zinokuyila isithethe esivulekileyo apho imibuzo ivunywa ngomonde. Umbuzo ofana nowokuba, urhulumente ufuna ukwazi ukuba baphi abantu abakhoyo endlwini yam?

Ukwakha Umanyano Ngaphandle Kwebandla

Nokuba ibandla lokholo elinye linikezelwa kangakanani na, ucelomngeni lokufumana ubalo olupheleleyo lufuna indlela engqinelanisiweyo. Imibutho esekelwe kukholo ingenza impembelelo yayo ngokuyila unxulumano namanye amaqumrhu athembekileyo. Cinga ngokusebenzisana nawo:

  • amathala eencwadi akwindawo ebanzi: angamaqabane okwendalo okufumana ubalo kuba anika unikezelo lwe-intanethi, izinto zolwimi lweelwimi ezininzi, nendawo yoluntu ephakathi kwecawa nethala leencwadi. Isiganeko sobalo-manani esidityanisiweyo singafumana kuzo zombini ii-constituenic.
  • Izikolo kunye nemibutho yabazali nabafundisi- ntsapho: zisoloko zinxibelelana neentsapho kwaye ziyakwazi ukusasaza ulwazi lokubalwa kwabantu ezingxoweni, ekubhaliseni, nakwiinkqubo zesikolo zokubhalelana imiyalezo. Izixhobo zokutya ezisekelwe kukholo ezinceda iintsapho zinokunxibelelana nonxibelelwano lwabazali besikolo.
  • Amaziko ezempilo azimeleyo: amaKliniki namasebe ezempilo anceda abantu abaninzi abafanayo neenkonzo ezisekelwe kukholo. Ikliniki yempilo yeselula kwindawo yokupaka yecawa ingaquka itheki yolwazi kujikelezo lwayo lwenkonzo.
  • Amashishini akwindawo engqongileyo: Ivenkile zokutyela, iivenkile zokutya, namanye amashishini amancinane angabonisa iifoto, kuquka ulwazi lokubala kwii-risithi zabo okanye iingxowa, kwaye avumele amavolontiya ukuba abeke iitafile zenkcazelo kwiindawo eziphezulu.
  • Imibutho yobume kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni: Le mibutho inganceda ekuchazeni iindawo ezinzima ekufike kuzo, isasaze ucango lolwazi ukuya kwisango, kunye neziganeko ezikhoyo kwezinye iindawo ngaphandle kwamaziko onqulo.

Kwimimandla emininzi, imibutho yokholo sele iyimibutho encedisana ngolu hlobo lweewebhsayithi zokuncokola. Olu balo lunika ithuba lokuqinisa ulwalamano nokwakha izibonelelo ezinokusetyenziswa kwizakhono zikarhulumente zexesha elizayo, ukubhalisa urhulumente ukuya kumaphulo ezempilo.

Imiphumo Emikhulu Nempumelelo

Ukuxhasa inkqubela nokubonisa ixabiso lokufumana inani labantu, imibutho esekelwe kukholo kufuneka ilandele imigudu yayo ngeendlela ezingenakuthelekiswa. Ngeli xesha i-Census Bureau ingakhuphi isantya sempendulo yomgangatho webloko ngexesha lokwenene, kukho imilinganiso yekhompyutha enegunya lokusebenza njengekhompyutha enokujonga:

  • Inani lezixhobo zolwazi ezisasazwe (iinqwelo-mafutha, iincwadana ezinemifanekiso, iinkcazelo zezentlalo-ntle).
  • Ukungena kubalo lwezimo ezizalisiweyo.
  • Inani leefomu ezingeniswe kwiziganeko ezingezizo (iinqanawa ezijikelezayo zingaqokelela umgama ongaziwayo).
  • Ukutyiwa kwamalungu oluntu ngamava awo nokuba azimisele ukuba nenxaxheba kusini na.
  • Uphando lubangelwa zizinto eziphakanyisiweyo ngaphambi nasemva kwephulo lokuvavanya utshintsho ekuqondeni nasekukulungeleni ukuthatha inyathelo.

Emva kokupheliswa kobalo lwabantu, ukubhiyozela ukuba nenxaxheba njengempumelelo yoluntu kuqinisa ukubaluleka kokuganana kwebutho labantu. Isibhengezo esilula senkonzo, isaziso esibulelayo kumatsha - ntliziyo, okanye ibali elikulo elithetha ngomntu oweyisa umqobo ukuze aphendule yonke isithethe sokuthabatha inxaxheba esiza kunceda ibutho labantu kwimibango yexesha elizayo neminye imigudu yentlalo.

Ukuxhasa Ubandakanyeko Ngaphandle Kwamanani

Ukubalwa kwabantu sisiganeko esingapheliyo, kodwa izibonelelo zokubhalisa uluntu zinokuba yinxalenye esisigxina yobulungiseleli bombutho wokholo. Ulwalamano olwakhelwe ngexesha lokufumana inani labantu, ukuthembana okufumaneka ngencoko ecacileyo, kunye nonxulumano olukhoyo nemibutho yengingqi yengingqi yehlabathi akunyanzelekanga luphele xa ubalo lugqityiwe. Amabandla amaninzi aye asebenzisa amava awo njengomthombo womsebenzi wokubala oqhubekayo wobalo, njengolu:

  • Uhlolisiso oluthe rhoqo ngendlela inkcazelo ebalwa ngayo abantu echaphazela ngayo imali nemifanekiso yasekuhlaleni, exelelwa ibandla ngeengxelo zonyaka.
  • I-Cunity Bureau ibonelela ngemali eqinileyo kwaye iyaqhubeka iphucula iindlela zayo zokufikelela.
  • Ukukhutshwa kobalo kwiziganeko zonyaka, ezifana neMissionary Candary okanye i-Unity Health Month.
  • Ukuqeqeshelwa isizukulwana esitsha seenkokeli zezentlalo ebandleni eziyiqondayo indlela inkcazelo nemigaqo echaphazela ngayo ubomi basekuhlaleni.

Ngale ndlela, umsebenzi wokukhuthaza ukubalwa kwabantu uba yinxalenye yobizo olukhulu lokufuna intlalo-ntle yoluntu. Imibutho esekelwe elukholweni ephumeza le ndima ayikuxhasi nje ukuqaliswa korhulumente; iphumeza inkalo engundoqo yothumo lwayo lokukhonza ababuthathaka, ukuthetha ngokungenalizwi, nokwakha ibutho labantu apho wonke umntu abalulekileyo khona.