Njengokuba iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu zisanda, umsantsa phakathi kobuncwane bemali obufunekayo ukuze kulungelelaniswe kunye nemali ehlaziyiweyo uyaqhubeka wanda. Amazwe asakhulayo, asoloko ethwala inkxwaleko yeentlekele zemozulu nangona enegalelo elincinane ekukhupheni kwemozulu yomhlaba wonke, kufuneka inkxaso eqinileyo, eqinisekisiweyo yokwakha inkxaso-mali elungele ukuguquka kwemozulu. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela utshintsho olulungelelanisiweyo ngayo, apho imali eninzi, kunye nemali ehlawulelwayo ekufuneka iphucule ukuhlangabezana nomlinganiselo wovavanyo. Noko ke, imithombo, kunye nokuphumelela kokuxhaswa kwemozulu kusetyenziswa ngoncedo lwamanye amazwe. Eli nqaku liyimeko yokuzinziswa kwemali elungelelaniswe nokuhambelana kwemali, apho imali ephumayo, kwaye okumele kuphuculwe ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho wokuvavanywa kovavanyo.

Ukuqonda Ukuguquka Kwemozulu: Kunokutshintsha Kakhulu

Utshintsho lwemozulu lubhekisela kwizenzo ezithatyathwa ukuqhelana neziphumo zemozulu okanye ezilindelekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nokutshintsha kwemiqathango, okujolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu, utshintsho lubhekisele ekunciphiseni ukuchanabeka nokuzinzisa imozulu enjengezikhukula, imbalela, ukunyuka kolwandle, ubushushu obugqithisileyo. Imizekelo iquka ukwakha udonga lwaselwandle, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokulwa kwangoko, ukuguqukela kwizityalo ezidambisa umphunga, kunye nokulungisa umhlaba. Utshintsho lungumo-me-me-me-me: uluntu oluselunxwemeni eBangladesh lufuna ungenelo olwahlukileyo kunokusebenzisana nokusebenza kwe-Saharan Afrika. Ukusebenza kwenkxaso yenkxaso kuxhomekeke kwindlela elungeleneyo, kwizityalo, kwizixhobo zendalo, kunye nocwangciso lwenzululwazi.

Ngokwe ` INkqubo yokusingqongileyo yeZizwe ezimanyeneyo, isithuba semali esihambelanayo siqikelelwa ku-R34-36 bhiliyoni ngonyaka, ngelixa ukuqukuqela okungeyonyani kumazwe asakhasayo kungumlinganiselo wemfuno. Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle, ingakumbi ngoncedo olusemthethweni lokuphuhlisa (ODA), luzama ukuvala lo msantsalo, kodwa ucelomngeni alukho nje ngokunyusa imali eninzi, kodwa lumalunga nokuyinyusa ngokunempumelelo nangokulinganayo.

Indima Yoncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Ekulungiseni Imozulu

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lunikezela ngesiseko semali kwimisebenzi yokuziqhelanisa kumazwe angenayo.

  • Uncedo lwe-Biterameal: ukufuduswa ngqo kuvela kurhulumente abanikelayo kumazwe amkelayo, ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa amaqumrhu ophuhliso anjenge USAID, i-UK Exforeign, Commonwealth & i-ofisi yoPhuhliso (FCDO), kunye ne-Arhente yeNdlela yezizwe ngezizwe (JIKA).
  • [[UMTL:0] Uncedo lwe-Multialicate : iminikelo eqokelelwe ngamaziko azweni jikelele njenge World Bank, iUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP), kunye neebhanki zophuhliso lwengingqi.

Ukulungisa inkxaso-mali ngoncedo lwamanye amazwe asiyonto ingenanto. Abasebenzi abafuna ukuba imisebenzi ihlangabezane nemilinganiselo ethile: ulungelelwaniso neeplani zogcino-lwazi lwesizwe (I-NAP), ubungqina bokuchana kwemozulu, kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-indawo kunye nokubandakanya abantu. Oku kuthintela ukuphendula ityala kodwa kungenza utshintsho kunye nomthwalo osele usongiwe.

Indlela Eziguquka Ngayo Iziqhagamshelanisi Zoncedo Lwamanye Amazwe

I-ODA ihlala ilawula, kodwa iindlela ezizizo zonke zemozulu zivele. INgxowa-mali yemo yemo yezulu e-OFFF , emiselwe phantsi kwe-UNFCCCC, yeyona mali enkulu ehlabathini enikezelweyo, enegunya lokunikezela ngama-50% eemali zayo ukuze ikwazi ukutshintsha. Ngokufanayo, i-Mongo yemo yezulu Facity (GEF)[FF:3] ilawula iNgxowa-mali yeLPS EDPTH (LDCF) kunye neNgxowaleko ekhethekileyo yeCCCF). Le mali isebenza phantsi kwemodeli yeprojekthi: izihlo, ezilinganiswa yibhodi yemali yemali yemali.[FLTY][FF] ngexesha lokuqinisekisa le nkqubo ye-RCFCFCTP.

Iindlela ezintsha ziquka inkxaso-mali yeminyaka ekhoyo inkxaso yesizwe yolwakhiwo oluphambili) kunye nemali yemali ye-devolved [[ (isebenzisa imali ngqo kurhulumente wongingqi kunye nemibutho yoluntu). Umzekelo, iNgxokelelwano yemali ye-mali yesizwe ye- iNgxoxoxo yonikezelo oluthe ngqo unikezelo oluthe ngqo, ukuvumela amazwe asakhayo ukuba alawule imisebenzi ngaphandle kolawulo oluphakathi, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha.

Imali Eninzi Esetyenziswa Ekulungiseni Imozulu

Imali Yemozulu Eninzi

  • INgxowa-mali yemo yezulu eluhlaza (GCF)[[FT:1]: Ngokwango-2024, i-GCF ivumile ngaphezu kwee-R3 bhiliyoni zezigidi ze-R3 kwimisebenzi kumazwe angaphezu kwe-120, kunye neeprojekthi ezibhekiselele kukhuseleko lwamanzi, ukhuseleko lonxweme, kunye nolimo lwemozulu. IPhondo yayo inceda amazwe alungiselele izicelo ezinamandla.
  • Indawo ekuyo iFacity (GEF) – LDCF: I-LDCF ijolise ngokukhethekileyo kumaZwe angama- 46 e-LDCs aphuhlisiweyo (LDCs), imisebenzi yenkxaso-mali edityaniswe neenkqubo zenkqubo zeSizwe zokuzivumelanisa neNdlela (NAPAs).
  • [[FLT: 0] INgxowa-mali yokwamkelwa: Imiswe phantsi kwemithetho yokuziphatha yeKyoto, le ngxowa-mali ixhaswa nge2% le-levy ngetyala lekharbon elisuka kwi-Chroatical Development Mechanism (nangona lo msinga wengeniso urhoxisiwe). Yabangela ukuba kubekho unikezelo oluthe ngqo kunye neeprojekthi zomgangatho woluntu.

Uphuhliso lwezibonelelo

Amazwe axhasa utshintsho lwemali ngezimali ngoomeli be-bigatenali. I-United States, edlula e-USAID, ibophelele amawaka ezigidi zezigidi ukuba atshintshe imozulu phantsi kweenkqubo ezifana nePresiemeter Plan for Empiration and Resilience (PREPARE). I-International Climate Initive (IKI) yaseJamani ixhasa ukuguquka kwamazwe asebenzisanayo. Ukuguquka kwe-JICA kuxhomekeke kwimali-mali yesiseko sezemali. Le michiza idla ngokujolisa amacandelo athile okanye amazwe angamaqabane embali.

INgxowa-mali yengingqi neyoMmandla

Iqumrhu lengingqi likwadlala indima. Imali yemo yezulu yeBhanki yoPhuhliso yase-Afrika ye- kunye ne[FLT]Community Climate Change Climate Center (CCCCCC) inikezela izinto zokuzihambela. I-GROM Echasene neMPAK , indululwe ngo-2022], inika izisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-inshorensi yemozulu, ixhasa inkxaso-mali enika i-mali.

Icandelo labucala neMali eXhotyiweyo

Ungeniso lwabucala luhlala lulinganiselwe ngenxa yezinyuko ezisezantsi kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu. Noko ke, imali edityanisiweyo yemali kawonke-wonke esetyenziswa kugcino-mali lwabucala kwi de-risk. "i-audition". Umzekelo, i-Cliatemate Bonds Initivection [ ivelise iziqinisekiso zokulungisa iprojekthi, inceda amaqhina aluhlaza ukuxhasa ukuqina kwezinto ezikhoyo. Iibhanki ezininzi zophuhliso lwendawo (MDBB) ezifana neBhanki yehlabathi inika iziqinisekiso kunye nemali eboletwayo kwikomkhulu labucala kumaqela afana nolawulo lwamanzi kunye nobugcisa bemozulu.

Indlela Imali Yokulungisa Iimeko Emiselwe Ngayo: Inkqubo Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Ukwabiwa kwemali elungelelanisiweyo akunto izenzekelayo. Ilandela uthotho lwamanyathelo afana nezivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, izinto eziphambili zesizwe, kunye nohlolo lomgangatho weprojekthi.

Indima yezicwangciso zolungiso lwesizwe (Ii-NAP)

Phantsi kwe-UNFCCC, amazwe asakhasayo akhuthazwa ukulungiselela ii-NAP ezichaza izenzo zotshintsho eziphambili. Abanikeli kunye nemali yemozulu basebenzisa ezi zicwangciso njengesiseko sezigqibo zenkxaso-mali. Ilizwe eline-NAP-P ebanzi yeNepal's Isicwangciso sokuzinzisa okanye iGhana’s Climate Importation Expment Stractive-(inokwenzeka kakhulu ukutsala intelligate, imali ende yexesha elide. Noko ke, ii-NAPs ezininzi zihlala phantsi kwesakhefu; [[FLT:]] i-NATAP Global ingxelo yokuba ngaphantsi kwe 10% yeemfunolwazi oluchaziwe kwi-NPARS ezifunekayo kwi-NAPS zixhaswa ngoncedo lwasemzini.

Umqokoleli ndawonye nokunconywa kweprojekthi

Imali eninzi yolwakhiwo oluthe ngqo inikezelwa ngomjikelo weprojekthi: uqwalaselo, ulungiselelo, imvume, ukuzalisekisa, kunye nokuvavanya. Kwimali yemali eninzi, amazwe angenisa iingxelo kunye nezicelo ezipheleleyo. Umzekelo, i-GCF, ifuna ukuba izicelo zidibane nemigaqo ethile yotyalo-mali: isiphumo esinokwenzeka, iparadigm exhasayo, ukuphuhliswa kwe-co-benefit, kunye nobuni belizwe. Ii-propaces zihamba ngohlaluzo kunye neplanga. Inkqubo ingqongqo kodwa icotha; [[FLD:0] [ECD iphawula ukuba ixesha elixhaswe kwicebo lokugunya ukuyelela ukuvunywa kwe-GCFFF. Xa ivunywa, iyavunywa i-frursetwa isoloko isekelwe kwinkwinkwe, ukuba ikho

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Izakhelo zezizwe ngezizwe `kuquka iSivumelwano seSigqibo se-Paris seSidima se-59 ne-Sendai Seai .regnise ukuba ukuhambela phambili kufuneka kuxhaswe ngaphambi kokuba abemi ababuthathaka: abafazi, abantu bomthonyama, abalimi abancinane, kunye nabemi baselunxwemeni. Imisebenzi emininzi ngoku ibandakanya uqingqo-mali oluno-bufanayo kunye nokufikelela kwelungu kunye nokuzinziswa kwebutho. Umzekelo, iNgxobo yoluvo-Mbutho-enzeko (BA) inkqubo ye-CFLT ixhasa ngqo ukwenziwa komsebenzi wokwenziwa nokuphunyezwa, ukwandisa ubunikazi kunye nokusetyenziswa komsebenzi.

Ucelomngeni Lokuthintela Ukusetyenziswa Kwemali Eluncedo

Phezu kwalo nje uncedo oluninzi, ukuxhathisa ngemali kujamelana nemiqobo engapheliyo.

Isikali Esingonelanga Nolwandiso

Ithuba lemali elikhoyo elingu $100 yezigidi ngonyaka ngonyaka ngo-2020 phantsi kwe-UNFCCC, kodwa eli xhoba ladityaniswa ngokuyinxenye. Ngaphezu koko, imali yemozulu echaziweyo ayitsha kwaye ukongezwa okungaphezulu, i-ODA esenokuba isetyenziswe kwezinye izinto eziphambili. Ukunqongophala kokungathembani koncedo phakathi kwabaniki-mali nabamkeli.

Ukwahlukahlukana Nobuntsonkothileyo

Ngabenzi boncedo bebhatata abangaphezu kwama-40 kunye nemali eninzi, ulwakhiwo lwezemali olulungelelanisiweyo lusahlukaniswe kakhulu. Ingxowa nganye ineenkqubo zayo zokusebenza, iimfuno zokuxela, kunye nemigangatho esetyenziswayo. Oku kubeka umthwalo omkhulu wolawulo kumazwe amkelayo, ngokufuthi angenamandla okufikelela nokulawula imijelo emininzi yemali. IKhomishoni ye-Grandmamplate on Information[] ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemijelo, ilizwe elimisiweyo.

Imilinganiselo nomnikelo

Ukulinganisa ifuthe lokusebenzisa imali esetyenziswayo kunzima ngokwemvelo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-minigation . apho unciphiso lwe-CO2 lunganyukayo (umz., ukuchanabeka okucuthiweyo, ukukwazi ukumelana nemeko-enzame kwaye kusoloko kusenzeka ngethuba elingaphezulu kwamashumi eminyaka. Izixhobo ziya zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne Umlinganiselo wokulinganisa umsebenzi wesakhelo kunye [[FLT]]] nolwempumelelo yophuhlisophuhliso lwenqanawa [TTY]] kunye nophuhlisophuhliso lwezemali] ukusondela [#TLT:3], kodwa umgangatho wolwando oluhlala ungekho lula. Ngaphandle kweziphumo ezithembekileyo, ukugcina inkxaso yezopolitiko kunye nemali inkxaso enzima.

Ubuchule basekuhlaleni kunye nomnini

Iiprojekthi ezininzi zotshintsho zenziwe ngabacebisi bangaphandle abanegalelo elilinganiselweyo elisuka kubangenisi-mathiriyeli bemida yobulali. Oku kungakhokelela kungenelelo olungalunganga ```````Ngomzekelo,',' ukwakha iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela abanokukwazi ukuzigcina. Ukunika inkxaso-nkqubo yoluntu kunye nokukhuthaza ulwazi lwaseMzantsi-ntshona kunye nokukhuthaza ukutshintshisana kolwazi kuyingozi.

Amathuba Okulungisa Imali Ngokunempumelelo

Zibalulekile ezo ngxaki, kodwa namathuba okuqalisa izinto ezintsha nokuguqula izinto.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo

[[NTLT:0] Ityala-lokutshintshana-kwe--actliphani lifumana ingqalelo. Phantsi kwala malungiselelo, inxenye yetyala langaphandle lelizwe ixolelwe okanye iphinde yaphindwa ngokutshintshiselana ngemali yokuzinzisa imozulu. Ityala le-Seychelles--lokutshintshana (208) linika imodeli, nangona utshintsho oluthelekelelwayo lusenqabile. i-Catashbostrop kunye ne-inshorensir likwanikela ngemingcipheko-transfer: iziso zobugcicicikeshe obuseAfrika (ARC) isebenzisa iinkciso zokuhlawula emva kwemozulu.

Ulungiso lwamanani nogcino-lwazi

Ubugcisa bungaphucula ulwahlulo kunye nokuhlola. Ugcino-lwazi lwesatellite, uluvo olukude, kunye nemodeli ye-Al-driven zinceda ekuboneni amachaphaza ashushu apho ungeniso olufunekayo khona kakhulu. Iinkonzo zemali zamanani zinika ukudluliswa ngqo kwemali emakhayeni achaphazelekayo ngenxa yokumothuka kwemozulu. IBhanki yemo yemoyezulu yolwazi lwe-CMFLT (CSILIS) lelinye inyathelo elidibanisa ugcino-lwazi lokwenene lwexesha lokukhokela ucwangciso kunye nolwahlulo lovimba.

Umnini welizwe onyusiweyo kunye nokufumaneka ngqo

Zombini iGCF neNgxowa-mali yoNjikelezo yandisa unikezelo oluthe ngqo, ivumela imikhosi yesizwe egunyazisiweyo ukulawula imali ngaphandle kokuhamba kwimibutho emininzi. Oku kunciphisa ulibaziseko kwaye kwakha umbilini waloo ndawo. INkqubo yeNkqubela neNkxaso ePhakamileyo [ yeGCF inika unikezelo olunceda amazwe okwakha amaziko awo ukuze afanelekele ukufikelela ngqo.

Intsebenziswano yaseMzantsi-Mzantsi kunye notshintshiselwano lolwazi

Amazwe asakhasayo aba yimithombo yobuchule bokuqhelanisa kunye nemali. IBrazil, iTshayina, kunye neIndiya zinika uncedo lobugcisa kwamanye amazwe asakhasayo kwiinkqubo ze-bitmateam. INdlela- kunye yaseMzantsi-Mzantsi yoNxulumaniso ikhusi elinceda ukwabelana ngezona zenzo ezingcono. Umzekelo, indlela eziye zasetyenziswa ngayo inkqubo yoluntu lwaseBangladesh zakuqala kwimfazwe. Le nkqubo yoontanga ilungelelanisa iMalawi ibiza imali kwaye iyafaneleka ngokwenkcubeko.

Ulungiso olungundoqo lokuhambelana nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lweSizwe

Ngoxa uncedo lwangaphandle lubalulekile, utshintsho olude lufuna ukuxhotyiswa kwasekhaya. Inkxaso yoqingqo-mali lwemozulu kunye nolawulo lwemali kawonke-wonke inganceda amazwe adibane nolwakhe ucwangciso lwawo lohlahlo. I-Cliteting Uhlahlolo Logcino-mali Luwiso-Manyathelo indlela yolwazi, esetyenziswa ngamazwe anjenge Nepal ne-Bangladesh, ink enkcinezelo elungeleleneyo eqeleneyo, inkciciso enqamlezayo kwi-1998, nto enceda ulawulo olungcono nolungelelaniswe nee-NAP.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ukusetyenziswa Kwemali Yokulungisa

IBangladesh: Ukwakha Uxolo Oluselunxwemeni Ngenkxaso YeGCF

IBangladesh yenye yamazwe anokupheliswa kwemozulu. IGCF efakwe imali emalunga nama-100 ezigidi kwiprojekthi Community Change Climate (CCCP), exhasa ii-projekthi ezingaphantsi ezilishumi kwimimandla yonxweme: ukwakha iindawo zokukhusela inkanyamba, ukutyala ii-maglub, nokunika ezinye iindlela zobomi. Iprojekthi isebenzisa indlela yokunceda uluntu, ngemali yasekuhlaleni. Iziphumo zangaphambili zibonisa ukuncipha kokhuseleko nokuphuculwa kokudla, nangona ukunyuka kuhlala kungucelomngeni olunxulumene nokulawula.

EEthiopia: IPSNP Iprogramme Yokhuseleko Nethwekhi Eveliswayo

I-PSNP yase-Ethiopia, exhaswa ngemali ngabantu abanikela nge-biteratel (USAID, DFID, EU) kunye neBhanki yehlabathi, idibanisa ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Inika imali okanye ukutya kwiintsapho ezijongene nokungakhuseleki kokutya, ngeli xesha ifuna ukuba nenxaxheba kwisakhiwo sezixhobo ezisekelwe ekuhlaleni (ezifana nolondolozo lomhlaba, ukuvunwa kwamanzi, nokukhutshwa komngxubeko. Le nkqubo ifikelele kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-8 kwaye inconywa ngokucutha iziphumo zeengxaki zembalelane. Ibonisa indlela ezinokudityaniswa ngayo kwinkqubela phambili.

Iziqithi zePasifiki: Ukulungelelaniswa kweemeko kwemimandla ngePasifiki

Iziqithi ezincinci ezikhulayo zase Pacific (SIDS) zikhona izisongelo ezikhoyo kumgangatho wolwandle kunye nezivuthuluvu. uPhacificial Resilience Faciality [PRF] , ezivezwe ngenkxaso evela eJapan, e-Australia, kunye neGCF, zinika intelekelelo kunye nemali-mboleko yokutshintsha izinto: ugcino lwamanzi, kunye nezibhedlele ezikhusela imozulu. Isakhiwo sisebenzisa imo yelizwe elixhotyiswe ngemibhobho, imode yombhobho ukunciphisa ukrwelelo kunye nokukhupha isantya. Ijolise ekunyuseni iidola zemali eziyimali eziyibhiliyo ngonyaka engama-2030.

Isiphelo: Indlela Ephambili Yokutshintsha Kwemozulu

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lusafuneka ukuze kuxhaswe imozulu elungeleleneyo kumazwe angenabungozi. Imali eninzi, amasebe ebhanile, kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa ezitsha zinika ubuncwane obubalulekileyo, kodwa inkqubo ikruqungelwe yimali enganelanga, ukwahlulwa, kunye nezithuba zomthamo. Idinga le-Paris Accounting $100 lamawaka ezigidi ngonyaka kwaye ithenjiswe ngokulungeleleneyo phakathi kokuzikhusela kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ukuvala umsantsa wemali ozinzileyo, ukunikela kufuneka kuhlonele izivumelwano, ukufikelela komsinga, kunye nokungena kwimimandla yelizwe.

Kwangaxeshanye, utshintsho lwenkxaso-mali kufuneka lujonge ngaphaya kwemisebenzi ekhoyo. Ugcino-lwazi olungundoqo kwimeko-bume yesizwe yophuhliso lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali, ukuxhobisa ikomkhulu lobucala ngemali edityanisiweyo, kunye nokutyalwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nolawulo loluntu kungenza idola ngalinye libe nempumelelo engakumbi. Njengokuba Iqela leqela lezentengiselwano elilawula imo yezulu kuTyezo zulu (IPCC)[FLT] lilumkisile, icandelo ngalinye lomlinganiselo wobushushu bobushushu besizwe linyusa iindleko. Ifestile ekufuneka isebenze ngoncedo olunempumelelo, kodwa ngentsebenziswano yezizwe zonke, ihlabathi lingakha ulungiso olufuna ngokukhawuleza.