Ushwankathelo lomhlaba wezoqoqosho welizwe laseJapan

Izoqoqosho zaseJapan zazisele zihamba kwindawo ekunzima kuyo xa i-COVID-19 ihlaselwa yisifo esimandundu ngo-2020. Eli lizwe belixakeka ngeminyaka emibini yokukhula okusezantsi, iingcinezelo zokukhutshwa kwemali, ukuncipha kwemisebenzi, nowona mdla uphezulu wamatyala kawonke-wonke ukuya ku-GDP — ngaphezu kwe-60% ye-GDP. Isifo songeza uqhwithela olubukhali, oluhambisana nolwandiso. I-GDP edityaniswe yi-4,5% ngonyaka ngo-2020, ukuhla kwesantya se-post-war, ukuhla okufutshane nokuma okunga kwiminyele kufutshane nohambo olukwindawo yorhwebo (ebekuyintsika yelizwe), kunye nokunikezela kwemiqonga yehlabathi elikhuthulo loshishino lwelizwe lwaseJapan, ngokukodwa lwe-e-elektroniki-elektroniki.

Ulungiso olusuka kunyaka wama-2021 alukhange lube lunjalo. I-GDP iphinde yavuleka yaya kumgangatho wangaphambi kwe-pandemic ngo-2022, kodwa ukwanda kuye kwathomalalisa, okuqhelekileyo kumalunga ne-1-2 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Icandelo lenkonzo, ingakumbi ububele kunye nentengiso, liye lafumana inkqubela ethe ngcembe ngenxa yokungakhangeli kubasebenzi belizwe lonke nokuyekelela kwakhona kwemali eninzi — iJapan yavulwa ngokupheleleyo imida yangaphambili kuphela ngo-Okthoba 20222. Ukunyuka kwemida ekhutshwa ngamandla kunyaka wama-201-20222, okuditya okuditya okudityaniswe yimfuno yehlabathi lonke kwaye ebuthathaka kakhulu. Kodwa, ebuthathaka bayo bahamba benyuka ngeendleko zamandla, ukutya, nezinto eziphekwe ngokugqithisileyo kunoncedo lwe-20% lwe-20%, kodwa izinto ezithengwa yimali e-e-ethenwa yimali, kodwa zithenwa kakhulu.

Ingxaki yokwakha eyandulela le ngxaki ihlala inkulu. Abemi baseJapan baya benyuka kwaye baluphala ngokukhawuleza: iminyaka ye-media ingu-48, kwaye umkhosi wabasebenzi ubuhla ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. Ukuthwalwa kwamatyala abantu bayaqhubeka unyuka, kunye nentlawulo yenzala eninzi enika intlawulo yoqingqo-mali — umngcipheko ukuba inzala ende ikhe yanyuka ngokuphawulekayo. Indyikitya yokunyuka kwamanani, kodwa iJapan ihlala isemva koontanga abaninzi boontanga booooorhulumente bamanani, ukufumana ingeniso, kunye nomsebenzi okwandiswa kwemali. Le meko yangaphambili ithetha ukuba ukuphucula kwezoqoqosho akuthethi nje ukubuyela kwimigangatho engama-2019; ifuna utshintsho olungundoqo lokuba amaqela ezobupolitika amele aqhube ingxoxo kwaye asebenze phakathi kwemisebenzi yoomatshini.

Ngokuchasene nale nkcazo, amaqela amakhulu ezobupolitika aseJapan athe azenzela imibono ekhuphisanayo ngenxa yokuchacha kwasemva kwe-pandemic. Ingxoxo ezayo kwiDiet nangaphambi konyulo jikelele iza kubhekiselela kwindlela yokulungelelanisa ukhuthazo olukhawulezileyo nokuxhaswa kwexesha elide, indlela yokusasaza amaxabiso neengenelo zokuchachacha, nendlela yokubeka iJapan kwindawo yenkxwaleko yeendawo zezulu, utshintsho, kunye nokuphazamiseka kobugcisa. Eli nqaku lihlola iindlela, izicelo, kunye noqikelelo lwezobupolitika lwamaqela angundoqo, kunye neengxaki ezigqithisileyo abajamelana nazo.

Iintlobano Ezikhulu Zezobupolitika Neminyaka Yazo Yokuchacha

ILiberal Democratic Party (LDP) — Ukungaguquguquki Nokungaguquguquki Kukukhetha Utshintsho

I-LDP, eye yalawula iJapan ngokuqhubekekayo ukususela ngo1955, isondela kuvukelo lwasemva kwe-pandemic ukusuka kwiqonga lokuqhubekeka notshintsho oluthe ngcembe. Phantsi koMphathiswa uFumio Kisida, iqela liye lamkela "uhlobo olutsha lobuKapitali" — ibinzana elicetyiswe ukuthambisa ukuthambeka okunzima komva weAbenomics ngexesha lokugcina iintsika zalo ezingundoqo: ukudamba ngamandla, inkqubo yemali eguqukayo, kunye notshintsho lokwakhiwa. Ngokuqhelisa, icebo lokulungisa lombutho liquka amaplanga amaninzi angundoqo.

ukhuthazo kunye notyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke. I-LDP yagqithisa iimpahla ezininzi zokhuthazo ngexesha nasemva kwesifo, isimbuku simalunga nezigidi ezilishumi elinezigidi zezigidi ze-1210 (malunga nezigidi ze-$750 zezigidi) ekuchitheni imali eyongezelelweyo. Ezi ziquka iimali ezinika imali ezithe ngqo kwizindlu, inkxaso kwimisebenzi encinci nephakathi (SMET), kunye nenkxaso ebanzi yokufuduka nokubuka iindwendwela iindwendwe ngengxowa, i-"Fast-pande" impephoc, ijolise i-gnown, i-screat kwi-tersting, ubugcisa obuluhlaza, kunye nomatshini bokuvelisa i-maketheko. Ngonyaka 2022, urhulumente wasungula i-2002-2001 "Utshintsho lobugrop" (X) ukuxhasa i-okn, i-okn-enjini ye-enjini ye-akn, kunye ne-enjini ye-enjini ye-a

[[NTL:0] Inkqubo ye-Monetary kunye neyen. I-LDP ixhase kakhulu iBhange lemali yeJapan elithambe kakhulu, kuquka intlawulo yenzala engalunganga, kuquka intlawulo yenzala engalunganga kwaye ivelisa ulawulo lwegophe, kwananjengoko iewen deprecitywn journant — ukusuka malunga ne-10105 yeerandi ngethuba lokuqala le-2021 ukuya kwi-R31 ekupheleni kwe-202222. Iqela lijonga i-yen enethwethi elinamandla alungele ukurhwa abarhwebi nokhenkenethi, kodwa inyuka iindleko ezingenisa ubunzima kwizindlu zamakhaya kunye noshishino zamandla. Urhulumente uKish ungene-Kish kwimarike yemali ngo-Okthobo ukuya kucothoba umqondiso wokuzikisa, ukulungele ukuhlenga kwe-enzalo-o ephakathi kwe-e-e-enjini ye-ebhuzantsi.

[[NTLT: 0] Inkqubo yezolawulo kunye neziguqulo zemisebenzi. Umphathi-mikhosi waseKapita uKisida ufungile ukwandisa imali yokunyamekela abantwana, imfundo, kunye nenkathalo yabadala yokwandisa isantya sokuzalwa — ewehlela kwirekhodi eliphantsi le-1.26 ku-2022. I-LDP yacebisa "uqingqo-mali yabantwana" ngokuphindwe kabini malunga newaka lezigidi zemali ngonyaka, ngokuxhaswa yi-"inshorensi ye-inshorensi yabantwana" kunye neminikelo ye-inshorensi ekhutshwayo yentlalo. Iqela letut "Isimo somfo" likwakhefu" umthetho walo oye wazisa izikhonkwanelo zodlso zomsebenzi othe rhoqo kwaye olinganayo nabasebenzi abangengomthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho, kodwa abagxeki abachaniyo bahlala bebuthathaka, ingakumbi ngenxa ye-CLD i-P elungele ukuqesha ingeniso ekhuthule, kodwa i-ond i-evoluthe ukunyuka i-ethe ukuphuma ngaphandle kwente

Engalawulekiyo kunye nokhuseleko. Ekuvuleni kwemfazwe yase-Ukraine kunye namaxabiso amandla ehlabathi, i-LDP itshintshile indlela yayo yangaphambili yokunciphisa ngamandla enyukliya, ngoku ikhuthaza ukuqaliswa kwakhona komatshini bezixhobo zenyukliya kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa benyukliya belizwe elizayo. Iqela labhengeza kwakhona isicwangciso sokuzikhusela esinesaziso ngoDisemba 202222, i-padxd ukuphinda kabini ukuchithwa kwemali ye- 2% ye-GDP ngo-2027 — umshukubeko omkhulu ukusuka kwimfundiso yeposi yemfazwe yokulwa nokungabikho kwemfazwe. Oku kuchitha ixesha kuya kuxhonywa ngokwenxalenye lunyuko, kuquka nerhafu yerhafu yenkampani, enokuthi i-LDP ingaluphelisi ukuchaza ukuphucula.

Ngokubanzi, i-LDP ijongene nokuphumelela kokulawula iindleko zikarhulumente eziqhubekekayo, utshintsho lokwakha olukhethayo, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe odibanisa iJapan neUnited States kunye namanye amaqabane olawulo-demokhrasi ukukhusela amatyathanga okunikezela kunye nobugcisa. Eli qela lijongene nongquzulwano lwangaphakathi phakathi kwamaqela abambelele kwisithethe kunye nabahlaziyi batsha, kodwa ngoku lincedanakungenelwa kuninzi oluzinzileyo lwepalamente nenkcaso ebuthathaka.

IQela leDemocratic yeJapan (CDP) — IWelfare, iRedis Igalelo, namalungelo abasebenzi

ICDP, elona qela likhulu lichasa, lizibeka ngokwalo njengendawo yedemokhrasi yentlalo echasene ne-LDP. Kwingxoxo yasemva kokuchatshazelwa kwe-CDP igxininisa ukwakha imo yentlalo elungelelanisiweyo neyomeleleyo, iphikisa into yokuba indyikitya yokungalingani okukhoyo nokukhula. Iqela lixhasa ulwando oluphawulekayo lokusetyenziswa kwemali yoluntu nokurhoxiswa kobutyebi kwimibutho nakwiinzuzo zamakomkhulu kwiintsapho nabasebenzi.

[[NTL:0] Inkqubo yerhafu nerhafu. ICDP ichasene nerhafu ecwangcisiweyo yeLDP inyusa irhafu ukuze kukhuselwe izikhuseli nenkxaso yabantwana, iphikisa into yokuba irhafu ephezulu ekusetyenzisweni (ukwanda kwerhafu ecetyisiweyo (ukunyuswa kwerhafu esukela kwishumi elinamashumi amahlanu ephesenti ukuya kwingeniso enokuba li-12 ekhulwini ngaphantsi kwemiqathango ye-LDP) ingenza umonakalo kwizindlu eziphantsi zekhaya zemali nokuzinzisa ingeniso. Endaweni yoko, iCDP icebisa irhafuthezo eziphezulu kwizityebi — kuquka irhafutheso ekhuhliweyo nengeniso entsha yemali — ingakumbi kwingeniso enkulu yemali engenisa imali eninzi kunokuhlawula imirhumo eninzi. Iqela umrhumo werhafu ehlawulwayo, i-GD, ithenwa ngokuxhaswa yirhafuthensi ethenjiswayo, i-GD, ithenjiselwa ngokunyukayo, i-ondle yentso ethe yentlawulo, i-oyiseka

utshintsho lwezorhwebo lwe-'Act'. ICDP ingummeli onamandla wamalungelo abasebenzi. Eli qela lifuna izigwebo eziqinileyo zokungahlawulwa kweyure yomsebenzi, ulawulo olungqongqo "lokwexeshana" labasebenzi, kunye noluvalwa kolu "lwexesha lovavanyo" oluqhelekileyo kwi-SMES. Ikwaxhasa ukuqhubela phambili ku "umsebenzi-wongadluli" imodeli enokuthi inciphise umsebenzi oqhelekileyo weveki ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-32 zeminyaka emihlanu, iphikisa into yokuba oku kuya kuphucula ulwando lwemveliso, inzuzo, kunye nolwakhiwo lwentsapho. ICDP icel' ijongelwano oluqhelekileyo lwe-deregnment kunye nokugxininisa i-sebugcubango yecandelo lentlalo-ntlalo-.

Luluhlaza nalutshintsho lwamanani. ICDP ixhasa amaxhoba emozulu anzima, kuquka ubundindi bobunyani ngo-2040 (ethelekiswe kusukelo lukarhulumente 2050) kunye nesigaba esipheleleyo sokuphuma kumandla enyukliya. Iqela lifuna "Green New Deac" enokuthi ibangele imisebenzi ehlaziya amandla, ukwakha ii-retrofit, kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Ngomlinganiselo we-CDP, ligxeka indlela karhulumente eyahlulweyo kwaye libiza "Igestial Agement" ngegunya lokwenene kurhulumente I-IT — umahluko kwindalo ye-LDP kunyaka ka-201,1, apho abaninzi bebona khona phantsi kwe-octreactime.

Inkqubo yentlalo-ntle kunye neyomntwana. ICDP ixhasa ngamandla jikelele ukukhathalelwa kwabantwana okuphezulu kunye nemvume yomntwana engangqinelaniyo, exhaswa ngemali ephezulu yerhafu kwizityebi nakwiinkampani. Kwakhona iqela licebisa ukunyusa iminyaka yokuthatyathwa kwenkonzo okanye ukusungula "ikhefu" inkqubo evumela abasebenzi ukuba banyamekele abazali abakhulileyo ngaphandle kokubeka ubomi engozini bokuphulukana nomsebenzi.

I-CDP ijongene nedabi lokunyuka kwemiqadi. Isiseko sayo sigxininiswe kwimimandla yasedolophini naphakathi kwabasebenzi abadibeneyo, kodwa izama ukwandisa isibheno sayo, ingakumbi emaphandleni aseJapan. Izicelo zezoqoqosho zeqela zibonakala zibiza kakhulu kuneLDP, ziphakamisa imibuzo ngokuzinzisa. Noko ke, njengokuba iJapan izama ukulwa nokwanda kokungalingani nokuncipha kwamanani, i-CDP's iceba lokuhlaziya izinto ezithe kratya.

IKomeito — Ivili Elilungeleleneyo

Komeito, iqabane elincinci le-LDP ukususela ngo-1999, liqela elinee-centrist elisekelwe kwintlangano yamaSoka Gakai esesikweni yobuBhuda. Ngokwesithethe ijolise kwintlalo-ntle, ukhuseleko lwabathengi, noxolo lwezizwe ngezizwe. Kuchachacha kwasemva kwepandemic, iKomeito isebenza njengegunya elilawula i-LDP, inyanzelisa imilinganiselo yenkxaso yoluntu kunye nokukhululeka kwexabiso lothengiso.

Intlalo-ntle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwerhafu. Komeito isoloko ixhathisa izicelo ze LDP zonyuso lokusebenzisa irhafu, iphikisa into yokuba naluphi na ulwando kufuneka lukhatshwe kukuncitshiswa okukhulu kokuchitha inkunkuma kunye nokhuseleko oluphucukileyo lwentlalo. Iqela lityhalela ngempumelelo "zero-sum" ulungiso lokusetyenziswa kwerhafu ngo-2019 olwadala umlinganiselo ohlaziyiweyo wesi-8 ekhulwini wokutya, kodwa luhlala lunetyala lokunyuka kweminxeba engakumbi. IKomeito ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso lomntwana kunye nokwanda konikezelo lwemini yokukhululeka nasemva kokukhathalelwa kwesikolo.

I-Komeito ingumxhasi welizwi weshishini elincinci, elisenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkxaso yalo. Eli qela labiza inkxaso yoncedo ukunceda i-SMEs umvoteji, kunye nodweliso lwenkqubo yemali-mboleko yamashishini achaphazelekayo. Ikwaxhasa urhulumente wasekuhlaleni onesisa sokuvuselela uqoqosho lwephondo olunengxaki, oluye lwawa ngamandla kunalawo ahlala abantu abaninzi.

Isiqabu semali ephilayo. Ngexesha lomlinganiselo wozaliso wamashumi amabini anambini-23, iKomeito yacinezela i-LDP ukwandisa inkxaso-mali yepetroli, umbane, nokutya, okuphumela kwimijikelo emininzi yexabiso loncedo. Kwakhona iqela lifuna ukubona ukhuphiswano olunamandla kakhulu kuthengiso nakushishino oluninzi ukuhlisa amaxabiso abathengi.

Imodensi kunye nenkqubo yamanye amazwe. iKomeito yeyona mfazwe iphambili yamaqela amakhulu, kwaye iye yazama ukucotha i-LDP's ukhuseleko lwayo kunye nokuzichaza kwakhona komgaqo-siseko. Inyanzelisa ukuba ukwanda kokuzikhusela kufuneka kuxhaswe ngaphandle kokunyusa irhafu, kwaye ifuna ukuba kubekho ukubonakala okuninzi ekufumaneni. Indima ye-Komeito njengeqabane lombutho iyini iyini eyinika impembelelo engaphandle, njengoko i-LDP ingenakulawula ngaphandle kwayo. Ijolise kuthelekelelo lwabathengi kunye neminatha yokhuseleko luqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yokulungisa iquka izibonelelo ezinamandla, ezinceda ukuxhasa uwonke wonke wonke umntu osebenza kwi-LDP-'expt sydient.

Nippon Ishin no Kai (Iqela Lokukhulula Inzala LaseJapan) — Imfundiso Nemithetho Engalawulekiyo

Nipton Ishin no Kai, osekelwe ekuqaleni eOsaka kodwa ngoku unomnqweno wesizwe, uziveza njengeqela elinolwakhiwo lotshintsho elixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwemali yemali, ukuthotywa kwemithetho yezorhwebo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhafu. Iqela lijonga iLDP njengecotha kakhulu kwaye ilahleke, kunye neCDP njengesocistest. Ukuchaphazeleka kwepost-pandemic, i-Ishin icebisa ukuba ityala elibukhali ekuhlawuleni imali nerhafuthelo kurhulumente ukukhulula icandelo le-dnamism.

Inkqubo ye-Tax kunye ne-fiscal. Ishin ifuna irhafu enye yengeniso engqukuva ye 10 ekhulwini (ukubeka inkqubo yenkqubela phambili) kunye nomlinganiselo werhafu ye-8% (kwehla kwe 10 ekhulwini). Ithintela ukuba irhafu esezantsi iza kukhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa nokuveliswa kwerhafu, nto leyo ekhokelela kukwanda okukhawulezileyo kunye neemali zerhafu eziphezulu ekuqhubeni ixesha elide. Iqela likwacebisa ukuba linqumle urhulumente imali echithwa kwintlalo yentlalo-ntlalo ngokweenkqubo, ukunyuswa kweminyaka yempehla, nokucuthwa kwenani lamagosa asekuhlaleni.

Ukulawulwa kunye nokuzimela ngokwasekuhlaleni. Ishin iincutshe zokukhukulisela ulawulo lwentengiso yomsebenzi, kuquka ukupheliswa komsebenzi wokusebenza "oomatshini abasebenza" ekuveliseni, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwentlawulo esekelwe kumsebenzi. Kwakhona ifuna ukunika oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ulawulo oluphezulu, kuquka amandla okumisela irhafu yabo siqu kunye nokhetho kwiinkqubo ze-inshorensi yesizwe. Imodeli yeqela yileyalo yalo ulawulo lwe-Osaka, apho ithi ithe icuthe iindleko zolawulo nolwando lwe-GDP.

Amacandelo aphezulu. Ishin ixhasa utyalo-mali olunobundlobongela kumandla aluhlaza (ingakumbi umoya ongaphandle konxweme kunye nowelanga) kodwa ifuna uphuhliso lwamacandelo lwabucala lukhokele, hayi imisebenzi eyalathiswe ngurhulumente. Iqela liyathandabuza uncedo lwemali yemali kushishino olufana nezombane ezingephi, liphikisa ukuba imali izakusetyenziswa ngcono kwimfundo nakwisiseko semfundo nenzuzo yalo lonke ishishini.

Ishin ithandwa kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingakumbi phakathi kwabavoti abaselula nabaphathi beshishini abancinane kwimimandla yasedolophini abadimazekile ngenxa yemeko yemeko. Izicelo zayo ze-fiscal, nokokuba, zijongene nemibuzo enzulu engomelelayo, enikwa amatyala amakhulu eJapan. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa kwayo ngamandla kunyulo lwendlu yasentla (iqela elikhulu eliyi3) kuqinisekisa ukuba iingcamango zayo ziphembelela ingxoxo yesizwe.

IQela lamaKomanisi laseJapan (JCP) Namanye Amadabi Amancinane

I-JCP, ngoxa incinane, inesiseko senkxaso eqinileyo kunye nelizwi elahlukileyo kwingxoxo yokuphucula. Iqela lichasa indlela ye-LDP yokuthengisa kunye nedemokhrasi ye-CDP elungeleleneyo yezentlalo, ikhuthaza ukutshintshelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezoqoqosho loluntu. I-JCP ifuna irhafu kwimali eninzi kwizindlu ezityebileyo, ukuvalwa komkhosi, ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwemisebenzi engundoqo (eqhutywa yi-CD, imali, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali yemikhosi. I-JCP ibona ukuchachachacha kwe-post-pandectic njengethuba lokuvavanya ubuKapitali, kodwa impembelelo yayo ilinganiselwe ngumgangatho wayo ophezulu kwiiphesenti ezilishumi zovotiweyo.

Amanye amaqela amancinane — kuquka iSocial Democratic Party (SDP), iQela Lakho (Minshu no Koe), kunye neReiwa Shinsengumi, iqela elisekhohlo lepopu — nawo ayaba nenxaxheba kule ngxoxo, kodwa aswele amandla epalamente okumisela umthetho ngokungqalileyo. Noko ke, kwimibandela efana namalungelo okusebenza okanye inkxaso yomlimi wobisi, ngamanye amaxesha anokunyanzela amaqela ombutho ukuba athabathe amanyathelo athile.

Impikiswano engundoqo yenkqubo ephazamisa ukuchacha

Irhafu Yomthetho: Irhafu Yesithathu Yezobupolitika ZaseJapan

Akukho nkqubo yezoqoqosho eyahlulayo kunentlawulo esetyenziswayo. Yiyo eyona ngeniso yemali eninzi eJapan yokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni, yaye ngeshumi lepesenti, iphantsi ngokwemilinganiselo yaseYurophu. Kodwa u-2014 unyuko lwemali ukusuka kwisihlanu ekhulwini ukuya kwi-8 ekhulwini luye lwanikela ekurhoxeni kwezoqoqosho, kwaye ukunyuka kwe-2019 ukuya kwishumi lephesenti kwakhona kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali esetyenziswayo ngaphambi kokuba kubekho indyikitya. Inkcubeko yezoqoqosho iyavuma ukuba iJapan iyakufuna ukunyusa irhafuthelo — ukuya kwishumi elinesibini okanye kwane leshumi elina ekhulwini — ukuhlawula iindleko zokhuseleko kunye nenkonzo yamatyala. I-LDP iyazi ukuba lenze imfuneko yokuzingxala i-ondoqolo ingabikho, kodwa iye yazihoxakelisa i-ondolotho yandisa i-Jish (ishmasterne). Ngoko ke, inkcoso ityala ityala liyakwazi ukuxhasa irhafuzwa yi-mali e-Advoluyise.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezesondo neNkxaso

Phantsi kweRhuluneli uHaruhiko Kuroda (2023), iBhange laseJapan lalandela inkqubo engenakuthelekiswa nanto yemali, ifikelela kwintlawulo yenzala engalunganga kwaye ivelise ukulawulwa kwegophe (YCC). Ixesha lasemva kwe-pandemicio liye layivavanya le nkqubo. Ukwehla okuthe qhwi kwesantya esiphezulu — umphumo wokunyuko phakathi kwe-Boyj's widgetces's's's ukumated' nokunganyathela i-mandla ka-ede ne-Federal Reserves's's's's's, kuye kwaba yintsikelelo kubarhoxiweyo nabahambisi belizwe kodwa isiqalekiso abatshayo abavumi ngethuba elithe thanga licineyo, i-LDP ibingakugxeka ukugxeka ekuvuseleni kwe-AITY, kodwa ingxolo-A isenokuphuma ngoku. Ngexesha elifutshane i-BYP ingxologoggnezeleleka eninzi yamazwe, i-A.

Utshintsho Oluluhlaza (GX) nokhuseleko lwamandla

Le ngxaki igxininisa ukuphelelwa kwemiqolo edibeneyo yomhlaba wonke kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemibhobho efumaneka kwamanye amazwe. Uyilo lwe-LDP' lwe-GX luquka umxube wokuvuselelwa kwemibhobho, i-hydrogen, nekharbon. Kodwa inyukliya ihlala iphikisana emva kweFukushima. I-CDP ifuna ukuphuma ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhawuleze ihlaziyeke, kodwa i-itshayise umhlaba, igridi, kwaye ibiza imali eninzi — i-Japaniantslamss ne-scricksssssss zinciphisa ulwando lwelanga nomoya wonxweme. Umoya wonxweme uthembisa kodwa uthembisa kodwa uvuselele ulwandle ugciphelo olude kakhulu kodwa ugxeka urhulumente kwizityalo ezindala. IJCPPP ifuna ukuhlaziya amandla ngo 2030, injongo engenakubonwa yinyani enyanisweni yokujonga kulo.

Utshintsho Lwamanani Nomsebenzi Wokwaluphala

Ukunyanzelisa amanani eJapan kwakhawulezwa ngubhubhani, ngokudalwa kwe-Magital Agency ngo-2021. Kodwa isantya sihlala sicotha: kuphela ama-30 ekhulwini eenkqubo zolawulo lukarhulumente amiswa ngo-2023. I-LDP ijolise kwi-IT izibonelelo kunye nokhuseleko lwezibonelelo zekhompyutha, ngoxa iCDP igxininisa ufundo lwezibonelelo kunye nokuvala amanani amanani ahlukeneyo. Wonke amaqela avumelana ngemfuneko yokunika ingeniso yemali emarikeni obuchule bokusebenza kunye nokukhuthaza italente eethalente yangaphandle, kodwa ukungavisisana kuyaqhubeka ngesantya sokukhuselwa kwe-intengiselwano kunye nomgangatho wokhuseleko lwentlalo-ntlalo kubasebenzi. Umbalo-masipala we-AIAP, iirobholi, kunye nootholi-om ezisetyenziswayo zixhaswa kakhulu, kodwa abasebenzi abaqeshiweyo bahlulwa phantsi kwe-RG.

Ucelomngeni Oluzayo: Amatyala, Ubomi Nokungaqiniseki Kwehlabathi Lonke

Ngaphandle kweengxoxo ezilwa nabahlaseli, iJapan ijongene nocelomngeni lokwakha oluya kuchaza impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwendlela yokulungisa. Amatyala karhulumente angaphaya kwama-60% e-GDP. Nangona amaninzi enziwa ekhaya kwinzala ephantsi, nakuphi na ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwengeniso kungabangela ingxaki engokongameleyo. Ukulondolozwa kwenkqubo yokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni — iimpesheni, ezonyango, ezonyango, inkcitho yexesha elide — kuthandabuzeki njengoko abantu beneminyaka yobudala.

Ukungaqiniseki kwehlabathi lonke kongeza omnye umaleko womngcipheko. Ukungqubana korhwebo phakathi kwe-United States neTshayina, imfazwe eUkraine, kunye nokungazinzi okunokwenzeka kuMbindi Mpuma konke kusongela amandla nokunika ukhuseleko. Ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kweJapan kumandla arhoxisiweyo kwenza ibe yeyona ilula. Ukutshintshela kubahlobo basekuhlaleni kunye nomatshini abancinane kunika amathuba abenzi bamaJapan, kodwa kukwafuna ungeniso oluphambili kwimiqathango ephambili, ubugcisa bebhethri, kunye nokubonelelana ngemixokelelwano eluhlaza. Ukhuphiswano lwetalente luye lunyusa: ngelixa iJapan inciphisa imiqathango kubemi basemzini, ihlala ingenamtsalane kubaphambukeli abasemagqabini kunabanye oosomashishini abaphumi ngenxa yemi bolwimi nempucuko ephambili.

Indlela Ephambili: Ezobupolitika Zobukholwa Nokulalanisa

Inikwe i-LDP' eqhubekekayo yolawulo, ulungiso lwasemva kwepandemiki luza kulandela indlela eqhubekekayo, ye-centriset eyakhiwe yi-LDP enamandla kunye nonxulumano lwayo noKomeito. ICDP kunye ne-Ishin ziyakuphembelela ingxoxo ephuma kuchasa, kodwa azinakukwazi ukuthatha amandla ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu okanye isihlazo. Ukuhlawula irhafu kuya kumiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwerhafu kuya kulwandisa, kodwa ingqeqesho yentlalo iya kugcinwa ngonyuso lwerhafu eninzi. I-BOJ iza kucotha inkqubo eqhelekileyo, iphephe ukonakalisa ukonakalisa okungundoqo. Uhlazako lwengcambuzo okanye utshintsho lwamanani luza kuqhubekeka, kodwa kwisantya esiphazamisa abaguquli-Thin.

Ulungiso lwezoqoqosho lwaseJapan asikokubuyela nje ekukhuleni kwangaphambi kwepandemi; kumalunga nokuqhelanisa nehlabathi lamanani ahamba kancinane, ungxamiseko lwemozulu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kobugcisa. Amaqela ezobupolitika, phezu kwako nje ukwahluka kwawo, anokuvuma ukuba icebo langoku alilelingene ngexesha elide. Ucelomngeni lukukwakha uvumelwano olufuna iindleko zexesha elifutshane kwimpumelelo yexesha elide — umsebenzi oye wabaleka eJapan kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ixesha leposi-pandemic linokuba lelona thuba lilungileyo lokutyhalelana kwezi nguqulelo, kodwa liya kufuna ukhokelo, ukulalanisa, kunye nombono owahlukeneyo phakathi kwamaqela nasekuhlaleni. Unyulo luza kuvavanyanisa enoba ulawulo-demokhrasi olufunekayo eJapan lungavelisa na izigqibo ezifunekayo.

Ukuqhubeka ufunda ngembono yezoqoqosho yaseJapan, bona 's iphepha laseJapan , iBhanki yehlabathi yenzululwazi yenkcazo yelizwe[, kunye necandelo lexesha lezoqoqosho leJaphani