Indlela Imisebenzi yosuku lokhetho Eyichaphazela ngayo amava e Voter kunye nokujika

IMini yoNnyulo ihlala ingowona mzuzu ubonakalayo kwidemokhrasi .l_a xa izigidi zabemi zisebenzisa ilungelo lazo lomgaqo-siseko ukuvota. Kodwa impumelelo yaloo mini ixhomekeke kubuchule obungephi kwintetho kwaye ingakumbi kwimisetyenzana yemort àand àó ngradags: apho iindawo zokuvota zikhoyo, indlela abasebenzi abaqeqeshwa ngayo, ezobuxhakaxhakaxhaka bobugcisa, nendlela abavoti abafumana ngayo ulwazi. Le miba iphembelela ngqo ukufaka ibhola ebhayiselini kunye nethuba lokuba abemi abafanelekileyo baya kubonisa ukuba bonke. Ngokuhlola umaleko ngamnye osebenzayo, amagosa onyuluko ayakwazi ukuyila iinkqubo zokhetho ezinciphisa ukukhuthuka, ukwandisa ukuthembana, kwaye andise ukwanda.

Indima Ebalulekileyo Yemisebenzi Yosuku Lokhetho

Ukudibana kovoti nenkqubo yovoti kusoloko kukuphela koqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo abanalo nolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ukuba loo mava onakaliswe yimigca emide, imiyalelo engacacanga, okanye izakhiwo ezifikelelekayo, umntu angashiya edimazekileyo(nakanye angabuyeli kunyulo olulandelayo.) kwaye, imisebenzi egudileyo ikhuthaza ukhuseleko loluntu kwaye ikhuthaza ukuba kubekho inxaxheba. Uphando olusuka kulawulo lwe- U.S. IKhomishini yoPhuhliso-UMALI[[ ibonisa ukuba ukulula kokuvota ngokuzinzisa ngokunamandla, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuqala le-622, kunye ne-gropoverse. Ngoko uphando olubalulekileyo alulo yinkqubo yokuzonwabisa.

Isizathu Sokuba Iimpawu Ezisebenzayo Zibaluleke Kakhulu Kunangaphambili

Kwimijikelo yakutshanje, ingxolo yamajelo-mali ibalaselise ixesha elide, umatshini ongasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nongquzulwano lwabavoti. Ezi ziganeko zinciphisa ukuthemba uluntu kwaye zingacinezela inxaxheba kunyulo olulandelayo. Ukungaphumeleli komsebenzi akunakunqandwa . Ziimpawu zokungagqibeki , ukungacwangci kakuhle, kunye nokungalungisi. [[FLT: 0]] UMTYY] Ugcino-lwazi lwezentengiso + Inzululwazi + lubhale ukuba ulinde amaxesha angaphaya kwemizuzu engama-30 ehliswa ngomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe 1 /12] iincam, ngeziphumo ezincinane neziphantsi koluntu. Umzuzu ngamnye usindiswa kwimisebenzi engcono ivotiwe.

Inxenye zemisebenzi yosuku lokhetho

Amalungu aliqela achaza indawo esebenzayo kuSuku Lokhetho. Xa ngalinye limi lodwa, kufuneka lisebenze njengendlela yokwenza uhambo lovoti olungenamthungo. Amalungu angundoqo aquka:

  • Indawo yokunika indawo yendawo yokufikelela
  • Uqeqesho lokuqeqesha nokulungiselela
  • [[UMTL:0] Ubugcisa kunye nezixhobo
  • ulwazi lweVoti kunye nemfundo
  • Imithetho elandelwayo elawulayo

Ilungu ngalinye lizondla ezinye. Umzekelo, indawo yokuvota elungiselelwe kakuhle ayisebenzi ukuba abavoti abazi ukuba iphi; ezona zixhobo zobugcisa zingcono azinakunceda ukuba abasebenzi abanakuziphazamisa iimpazamo ezisisiseko. Imbono yobukho bemisebenzi ibalulekile.

Indawo yokuyila efumanekileyo

Ufikelelo luqala ixesha elide phambi kokuba umvoti angene kwisikhululo sokuvota. Kubandakanya indawo yesi sikhululo, ubukho bophakatho okanye bothutho lukawonke-wonke, ubume obubonakalayo besakhiwo, kunye nobukho beendawo zokuhlala kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Umthetho womanyano kwi-U.S. ufuna ukuba iindawo zokuvota zifikeleleke ngokuvota, ngokuhamba, ngokubona, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle, kodwa ukuthobela kuyahluka ngokubanzi. Amanyathelo alula .

Ngaphezu kokufikelela ngokoqobo, “ukulingana” kukwathetha ukunciphisa umgama oqhelekileyo kwindawo yokuvota ngomgama owe-ikhilomitha okanye osusiweyo kumaziko abemi abathile, abavoti bajongana namaxesha amade okuhamba. Uhlolisiso lwe- Preught Trusts[ lufumanisekunciphiseni umgama oqhelekileyo kwindawo yokucoca ngemayile enye lunganyuswa ngokunyuswa ngamanqaku amalunga nesiqingatha sesiqingatha semigama elithile. Edolophini, ukuhlanganisa iindawo zokuvota ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iindlela zokuthutha izinto ngokungaziqondisi ziyakwazi ukukhulula ii-transkies okanye ukuhamba. Abalawuli boluhlu lwenkqubo yokhetho kufuneka basebenzise inkqubo yolwazi yeendawo zokuhlola indawo (GIS) kwiindawo zokucoca iindawo ezilungeleneyo, ingakumbi kuluntu olusezantsi lwemoto.

Owona Mkhwa Ulungileyo Wokwamkelwa Kwendawo Yokungcolisa

  • Phendla uphicotho-zincwadi lokufikelela phambi konyulo ngalunye usebenzisa uluhlu lokuhlola olusuka kwiBhodi yokufikelela yase-U.S.
  • Ukusebenzisana namaqela aneziphene ukuvavanya iindawo zokuhlala nokucebisa ukuba ziphuculwe.
  • Nikeza ukhetho lwendawo yokuvota olungangeniyo kwisakhiwo.
  • Kuqinisekisiwe ukuba umatshini wokuvota omnye ofikelelekayo kwindawo nganye, ngemidibaniso yemida enesandi nenobuchule.
  • Ukunikezelwa koMthetho wamaLungelo oQhubeke

Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi nolungiso

Abasebenzi bokhetho bajongene nedemokhrasi ngoSuku Lokhetho. Uqeqesho lwabo lubumba intembelo ecacileyo kumvoti kunye nesantya senkqubo yokuvota. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo bangaphendula imibuzo, izisombululo, kwaye balondoloze ezolo phantsi kwengcinezelo. Abangaqeqeshiyo okanye abangoyiswanga banegalelo ekulibabaziseni, iimpazamo, kunye nonxunguphalo. Nangona kunjalo, imikhosi emininzi ixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yexeshana, ngokufuthi, amatsha - ntliziyo afumana iiyure ezimbalwa zoqeqesho ngonyaka.

Uqeqesho olunento yokwenza lufanele lugqume kungekuphela nje amanyathelo eprocedial procebral, i-colot issuance, umsebenzi womatshini − kodwa kwakhona ubuchule obuthambileyo obufana node-presacalcaliation, inkcubeko, nendlela yokunceda abavoti ngemiqobo. Imisebenzi yokudlala iimo (umz., umvoti onedilesi engqubanayo, ukuminxeka komatshini, umgca omde) ulungiselela abasebenzi ukulungiselela iingxiniphinisko zokwenene zomhlaba. Ngoku abaninzi banikela iinkqubo ze-creaces, kwaye ezinye izibhedlele ezidi ezisekelwe kwizifundo zokuvota ezithi ngethuba lokuqala lokuvota. [[FLT:]] i-EC iboneloso zoqeqesho lomculi-oti zinika izibonelelo zolawulo zoburhulumente basekuhlaleni.

Imigangatho etsalayo ikwangumbandela. Ibala elino 1000 labavoti ababhalisiweyo lingafuna abasebenzi abathandathu ukuya kwabasibhozo ukuze balondoloze isantya soqukuqelo sabasebenzi abangama-30-40 ngeyure nganye. Xa abasebenzi bebhityile, imigca iyanda kwaye abavoti bedimazeka. Umnqamlezo oqeqesha abasebenzi ukutshintsha iindima njengoko zifuneka ```igreeter' ukuya kwingcali yezixhobo'.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa kunye nezixhobo

Ubugcisa bungumphambili wolawulo lwangoku lonyulo, kodwa bukwangumthombo osoloko unxunguphalisa. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiphepha eliphawulweyo (ibhola ebhalwayo yamaphepha ebalwe ngabasebenzi be-optical scanner) zikhethwa ngokukhulayo ngenxa yokuphindwa nokusebenza kwazo. Noko ke, oomatshini ngokwabo kufuneka balondolozwe, bavavanywe, kwaye baxhaswa. I-scanner enye engasebenzi kakuhle ingenza ibhotile entsaleko ebangela ukuba isakhiwo sonke sime.

Uhlolo olungundoqo lokusebenza kobugcisa luquka:

  • Ubuchule bokhetho kunye nokuvavanya okuchanekileyo: Umatshini ngamnye wokuvota kufuneka uvavanywe ngeseti yeebhola ezaziwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba irekhodi ivota ngokuchanekileyo.
  • Unciphiso: Ibhetri ezingaphaya, oomatshini bokubuyisela, kunye nebhaso lephepha lebholoti ziqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka xa izixhobo ze-elektroniki zingaphumelelanga.
  • uyilo lojongano lomsebenzisi: imiyalelo emikhulu yokukhupha, imiyalelo elula, uqhubo, kunye nescreensholo sokucutha iimpazamo zovoti. Izikrini zonxibelelwano mazilungiswe ukunqanda “ukukhupha ityala".
  • Iimpawu zonikezelo: iibhola zococo ezinesandi, ukuskena `and_paff' izixhobo, kunye neitafile zobude ezilungelelanisiweyo zokuhlalisa abavoti kunye neziphene.

Uqikelelo kufuneka lucebe ngobugcisa obunxulumene namaxesha. Kwanabalinga abancinci babavoti abafuna ixesha elongeziweyo kumatshini ofikelelekayo bangenza umgca ukuba umatshini omnye kuphela onjalo ukhona. Ukunika oomatshini abafikelelekayo abaninzi kunye nabaqeqeshi abanobuchule bokunikela uncedo olukhawulezileyo, olunentlonelo lunceda ukugcina ufolo luhamba.

Ulwazi lwe Voter nemfundo

Phambi kokuba umvoti amise isantya kwindawo yokuvota, kufuneka bazi apho afanele aye khona, nini amele aye khona, yintoni amele ayizise, noko amele akulindele. Iisithuba solwazi singumqhubi oyintloko wesiphithiphithi kwaye umgudu wokuvota oshiyiweyo. Imfundo esebenzayo igqitha kumphathi omnye; ifuna ubuchule obuninzi bezixhobo ezifikelela kubavoti apho bakhoyo: amajelo-ndaba, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, izikhumbuzo zomyalezo wengingqi, kunye neziganeko ze-palapeperson.

Isiseko esingundoqo sephulo elinamandla lovoti siquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Umzekelo webhola ekhatywayo ibekwe kwi Internet kwaye ithunyelwe ngeposi, ibonise imigca yebala ecacileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yevoti ezakubona.
  • [[UMTL:0] Indawo yokukhangela izixhobo ezihambayo ezifumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi.
  • Imfuno ze-ID zeVotier [ zithetha ngokucacileyo nangoko, zinenkcazelo yokufumana i-ID ukuba iyafuneka.
  • Linda ixesha lohlaziyo nge website yovotelo okanye media yentlalo, evumela abavoti ukukhetha amaxesha athe chatha.
  • [[UMTL:0] uncedo lolwimi lweelwimi kuluntu apho isiNgesi singelolwimi luphambili. Izityholo ezigqunywe liCandelo 203 loMthetho wamaLungelo wokuBonga kufuneka zinikezele ngezinto eziphindaphindiweyo kunye nabatoliki.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba abavoti abanolwazi banokujika kakhulu. IZiko leJaji liphawula ukuba izikhumbuzo ezilula, ezingeyo fraparastanan `````oookhadi okanye amaxwebhu''') ingakumbi ingxube yokukhutshwa kwenqaku le ncam, eneziphumo ezinkulu phakathi kwabancinane nabavoti abaninzi. Ulwazi kufuneka lusebenze: umvoti ongayifumani indawo yabo yokuvota kwintswana kusasa kunokwenzeka ukuba aqhubeke.

Imithetho yokuziphatha yexesha lengozi

Imini yokhetho inqabile ukuhamba kanye njengoko kucetyiwe. Ukuphuma kwamandla, iintlekele zemvelo, iziganeko ezimandundu, kunye nokusilela kobugcisa kungaphazamisa ukuvota. Ngaphandle kwesamkelo esicacileyo sempendulo yexesha likaxakeka, isiphithiphithi singavela kwaye abavoti bangarhoxiswa okanye batyhafiswe ekubuyeni.

Imithetho elandelwayo yengozi esebenzayo ithetha amacandelo amathathu:

  1. Uqeqesho lomatshini wokukhupha kunye nolungiselelo: umatshini wokhuselo, abakhuseli bokhuseleko, kunye neebhola zamaphepha ezongezelelweyo.
  2. Impendulo yexesha lokwenene(6): Isiziko somyalelo esisembindini onokuthumela amagcisa, abavoti kwakhona kwezinye iindawo zokuvota, kunye nezilumkiso zikawonke-wonke. Ukucacisa unxibelelwano nomthetho wokunyanzelisa ngaphandle kokwenza iziphumo ezicaphukisayo kubavoti.
  3. [[NTL:0] Isigqibo kunye nolunye uhlobo lovoto: Ukuba iqonga kufuneka livalwe, abavoti kufuneka babe nenye indawo ekufutshane okanye bavunyelwe ukuvota kwiofisi yonyulo. Amanye amagunya asebenzisa “iivoti zonyulo ezilungiselelwe ubuchule” okanye ukwandisa iiyure zonyulo ngokwemiyalelo yenkundla.

Imithambo yeteptal yokhetho nesebe lolawulo longxamiseko lwasekuhlaleni ingabonisa izithuba ekucwangcisweni. Umzekelo, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba indawo yokuvota iphulukana nonikezelo lwe-intanethi ukwenzela izixhobo zokuphawula ibhola? Ukuba nesixhobo sokuhlola i-grain esetyenziswa ngesandla kunye nesixhobo sokuvota esinamaxwebhu akwisixhobo sokugcina iphepha esiqinisekisa ukuba ukuvota kuyaqhubeka nokuba uthungelwano luphantsi. Abasebenzi kufuneka babone ukuba amagosa onyulo alungiselele; oko kuqinisekisi kuphela kunokunqanda ukuphazanyiswa nokugcina ukujika.

Iziphumo Ezilinganiswayo Ekujikeni Kwezikhuseli

Uqhagamshelwano phakathi komgangatho wokusebenza nojiko aluthethwanga ngokushwankathela, kodwa luxhaswa yi data esetyenziswayo. Olunakuchaphazeleka luguquguquko lomsebenzi luyi ixesha lokulinda [. Ngokutsho kwe UMTFUTLLAT Lab[], kwi 2020, malunga no-1 kuma 25 avoti alinda ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30. Ezo zilinda ngokutshayelele mnyama ne-Ishpotoliki, kunye nevolute kubalo lwedolophu ngezithuba ezingaphantsi kwezitili ezisebenzayo. Imfaniso zibonisa ukuba ukunciphisa umlinganiselo ulinda amaxesha ngemizuzu nje eli-10, zinganyusa ukujika kwesizwe ngo 0.5.1% 1

Ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ezineziphumo ezichanekileyo eziquka:

  • Indawo yokuhlanganisa: Iingingqi zokuvala ngaphandle kwesaziso esaneleyo sokunciphisa ukuphuma komjikelo ngo2-5% kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo, ingakumbi kubavoti abangenabugocibo bezithuthi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Abathuthi beposi zemfundo: Nongradparastan iiposi eziquka iisampuli zebhola nokuvota indawo yonyuso lonyuso lwenqanaba le 1/2 lepesenti.
  • Ubhaliso lwemini: Ngelixesha lungekho ngumsebenzi woMhla woNnyulo, amandla okubhalisa nokuvota ngaloo mini inye kunciphisa ukhuphono oluphawulekayo kwabo baphoswe lixesha.
  • Iprojekti yolawulo lwezakhono: Xa iibhola zomjelo zilula ukuphosa nokujonga, abavoti abanokuthi ngenye indlela bajikwe banokuba nenxaxheba.

I-turbout ikwangumsebenzi wokholoso olunobunyani[[FLT: 1]. Xa imisebenzi ikhanya kwaye abasebenzi benobuchule, abavoti bakholelwa ukuba ivoti yabo izakubalwa. Ukholo lukhuthaza kungekuphela nje ukuthabatha inxaxheba kodwa imikhwa yokuvota yexesha elizayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukungaphumeleli okuphezulu kwe-_profile ephezulu (ngoku) njengengingqi ephumayo kwiphepha elinogqabhu-bham- `accan disorder volutions' iminyaka.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Impumelelo Esebenzayo Nesilele

Impumelelo: Harris County, eTexas (2020)

Harris County, ingingqi yesithathu enkulu kwi-U.S., yasungula imisebenzi yoSuku loNnyulo ebanzi engaphezulu kwe-2020. Yavula “indawo zokutyelana zamakhulu-khulu” kunye namakhulu ee-checktangin izikhululo, ithumele ixesha elizii-340 zilandela ibhodi yoxilongo lukawonke-wonke-wonke, kwaye yaqesha amawaka abasebenzi bokhetho abaqeqeshiweyo. Nangona irekhodi yokuvota, i-mediam ilinde ixesha elingaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-10. Uveziso lwelizwe kubugcisa (kuquka abashicicimli abatsha abashicimi abatsha (i-palavengrademan) kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi abaqeshi bebhatamshe ngeza nolwanothilo oluphezulu lolwaneliseko oluphezulu kunye noluphantsi kwexabiso lokuphanga.

Ukungaphumeleli: IFulton County, eGeorgia (208)

Kwixesha eliphakathi konyaka ka-2018, iFulton County yafumana ukungaphumelela koomatshini, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi bovololo olungangeneliyo, kunye neeyure ezingama-3330 ubude. Uphando olulandelayo lwafumanisa ukuba iindawo ezininzi zalapho zazingasebenzi kakuhle izixhobo zokuvota, iibhola zamaphepha ezaneleyo, kunye nabasebenzi ababengazi nto ukuba bangasiphazamisanga. Isiphithiphithi sakhokelela ekuhlazisweni kwemithetho kunye nomthetho wokuvumela ofuna iinguqu ezisebenzayo. UTurrout eFulton County, ngelity, ngoxa umphakamo wonke, wagqunywa kwimimandla emide kakhulu efuna inkxaso.

Le mizekelo iphikisanayo ibalaselisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kufuna utyalo - mali oluqhubekayo, ukuceba ngokuzingisa nokukulungela ukufunda kunyulo lwangaphambili.

Ukuqalisa Utyekelo Neendlela Zexesha Elizayo

Ulawulo lokhetho lungacazululwa. Izimvo eziliqela zithembisa ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kuSuku loNnyulo kwiminyaka ezayo:

  • Imodeli yeVote 93center: Endaweni yovolo olusekelwe kwibala, amagunya amaninzi afudukela kwingingqi ngokubanzi apho nabani na obhalisiweyo angaphosa khona ivoti. Oku kunciphisa inani lamanxuwa kodwa kwandisa uncedo kwaye kunciphisa ubuncwane obulahlwayo.
  • Inkcazo equlunisiweyo kunye nogcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo: Ezinye izibalo ngoku zisebenzisa imodeli yokucela ukuqikelela amaxesha okulinda asekelwe kwimbali yomvoti, ujongo olulindelekileyo, kunye neendawo ezinikwe izibonelelo. Oku kuzenza zikwazi ukusebenzisa abasebenzi kunye noomatshini abasebenzayo.
  • [[NTLA] Uvoto olunesandi kunye nokuvota okwandisiweyo kwangethuba: Ngelixesha ingekho kunyanzelo loSuku lokhetho, ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphambili ngosuku olunye. Noko ke, iindawo zokuvota kwangoko kufuneka zibe zezokusebenza ukuze kuphephe imigca emide kwimihla yangaphambi koSuku lokhetho.
  • Isigodo kunye nendlela zamaphepha: Nangona isekho uvavanyo, eminye imida ihlola iziqobo zenqanawa zomkhosi nezolwandle, ngeli xesha igcina ugcino lwephepha. Injongo kukudibanisa uncedo nophicotho-zincwadi.
  • ubukrelekrele bokwenza umsebenzi woqeqesho lwabasebenzi: Incoko enamandla kunye neemfaniso zokwenene zinganika iindleko ezinika iziphumo ezipheleleyo, uqeqesho olunexabiso eliphantsi kubasebenzi bovolo, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezinezibonelelo ezisikelwe phantsi.

Nganye yezi zicwangciso ithwala ucelomngeni lwazo lokusebenza. Umzekelo, amaziko okuvota afuna ubugcisa obuqinileyo kunye nolawulo lwexesha lokwenene lwe-669 logcino-mfuno ukuqinisekisa ukuba abavoti abasuka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo bafumana isimbo sokuvota esilungileyo. Ugcino-lwazi lwezixhobo zobunzululwazi zilungile kuphela xa ugcino-lwazi olufakwe kuzo ubhaliso olukhutshiweyo lungakhokelela kwintelekelelo ephosakeleyo yabasebenzi abachaphazelekayo.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha indlela yokusebenza 16)

USuku lokhetho lolona luvavanyo lukawonke-wonke lobuchule bolawulo lonyulo. Iinkcukacha zonke zokusebenza kususela ekufakweni kophawu ukuya ekudityanisweni kweescan ukuya kwisandi sombuliso womvoti-zi-"shapes" nokuba abavoti baziva bemkelekile okanye bedimazekile. Ubungqina bucacile: imisebenzi yangoku, ekhutshwe kakuhle inyusa kwaye inciphise ukungacaci. Ngokuchaseneyo kwezi nxalenye zisebenzayo zinciphisa ukuthemba kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba, ingakumbi phakathi kwenkokeli ebuthathaka.

Amagosa okhetho kufuneka ajonge imisebenzi yoSuku lokhetho njengomjikelo oqhubekekayo, hayi umjikelo wokulungisa oqhubekekayo. Uhlolisiso lwexesha lokhetho, ukujonga ixesha eliyi-66, kunye nonogada wexesha lokuhlola ugcino-lwazi obekiweyo, kunye noonogada abanika ingqiqo esebenzayo kumjikelo olandelayo. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka banikele ngemali eyaneleyo ukwenzela izixhobo, uqeqesho, kunye nokuphuma. IiVoters, zinokuxhasa ukubonakala okusebenzayo kwaye ziba nemithetho ixanduva xa imigca ithe yasilela okanye oomatshini.

Ulawulo-demokhrasi luxhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba, kwaye ukuba nenxaxheba kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi esebenzayo. Ngokubeka kuqala ukufumaneka, uqeqesho, ubugcisa, ulwazi, kunye nokungxamiseka kongxamiseko, sidala imeko-bume apho bonke abami abafanelekileyo banokuphosa itoti ngentembelo kwaye ngaphandle kwemiqobo engeyomfuneko. Le yisiseko esisebenzayo sedemokhrasi esempilweni.