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Uhambo lokubuya entolongweni emva kwibutho labantu lumele olunye lwezona nguqu zinzima umntu angajamelana nazo. Nyaka ngamnye, phakathi kwama-600,000 nama-650 000 abantu bayakhululwa kwiintolongo zikarhulumente nezesizwe, bangenele abantu apho kufuneka baphinde baphinde bakhe ubomi babo besuka emhlabeni. Iinkqubo ze-Welfare zisebenza njengezingxinanisayo ngexesha elilula, zinika inkxaso ebalulekileyo ethetha umahluko phakathi kokubuyiselwa kwakhona komntu ngempumelelo nokubuyela ekuboshweni. Ukuqonda indlela ezi migaqo ezizithetha ngayo iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zabantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili kuyimfuneko ekudaleni iindlela zokuzinza, ukuzixhasa, nokuthatha inxaxheba ekuhlaleni.
Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo Wocelomngeni Lokubuyela Kubantwana
Imiqobo abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili ababeyifuna ngokungxamisekileyo ukutya kunye nendawo yokufihla intloko. Ezi zingxaki zidibene, zidala imiqobo entsonkothileyo enokuthi ngokukhawuleza inyanzelise umntu ozama ukuzibuyisela kwibutho labantu. Phakathi kwama-70 nekhulu lezigidi zamaMelika. Ngokungathi umntu omnye kwabathathu eUnited States unezi ngxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ethintela ukufikelela kwabo kwimfundo, imisebenzi, izindlu, kunye nezinye izinto.
Imiqobo Yemisebenzi Neengxaki Zezoqoqosho
Ukufumana nokugcina umsebenzi kulolona celomngeni lubalulekileyo kubantu ababebanjelwe. I-Propoogle Inyathelo Lokwandiswa Kwentolongo lafumanisa ukuba ngaphambili abantu ababevalelwe bajongene nomlinganiselo ongaphezulu kwama-7% wokungaqeshwa, inani elingaphezulu kakhulu kweqondo eliqhelekileyo lokungaqeshwa kwabantu. Eli ngxaki yemisebenzi ibangelwa ziimeko ezininzi, kuquka ukucalucalulwa kwabaqeshi, imisantsa ekhoyo embalini, ubuchule bomsebenzi obulinganiselweyo, nemiqathango esemthethweni kwiintlobo ezithile zemisebenzi.
Imiphumo yezoqoqosho yalo mqobo wemisebenzi mikhulu. Xa befumana umsebenzi, ingeniso yabo yezobuthebbishina inyuka malunga ne-R1 000 ngonyaka (malunga nama-20 ekhulwini ngaphantsi kweFederal Ubuhlwempu (FPL) kumntu omnye), kunye nama-20 kuphela ekhulwini enza ngaphezu kwee-R1,1,000% zeFPL). Le mivuzo yomgangatho wobuhlwempu yenza ukuba ingabi nako ukufikelela kwimfuno esisiseko ngaphandle kwenkxaso eyongezelelekileyo. Akukho ma-40 ekhulwini abemi ababuyelayo abanokukwazi ukukhusela nokugcina umsebenzi nakweyiphi na ikota yekota ekwikota ezili-16 emva kokukhululwa kwe-16 kwintolongo, ibalasemngeni yokufumana uxanduva lwemisebenzi enzima.
Ukungabi nandawo yakuzingela Nokungabi Nakhaya
Izindlu ezifanelekileyo ziyinto enzima kubantu abaninzi ababebanjelwe ngaphambili. Abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili basengozini ephindwe kalishumi yokungabi namakhaya kunabantu ngokubanzi. Iziphumo zokunganqabiseki kwezindlu zoluntu zothusa: Abantu abangaphezu kwe-10 ekhulwini abakhululwa kwiintolongo nakwiintolongo bajongene nokungabi namakhaya kwimimandla emikhulu, engama-50 ekhulwini.
Unxulumano phakathi kwezindlu kunye nokungena kwakhona okunempumelelo alunakuphinda lutshatiswe. Ngaphandle kwezindlu, kunzima ngabantu ngabanye ukufumana umsebenzi, amaqhina atshayelelweyo kwintsapho, ukufikelela kwimpilo kunye neenkonzo zonyango lwempilo, okanye ukuthobela iimfuno zolawulo. Oku kudala umjikelo onzima apho ukunqongophala kwezindlu kuthoba zonke ezinye iimpawu zokubuyiselwa kwakhona. Izindlu zingundoqo wokuphumelela kwebutho labantu. Ukubuyela kubemi abahlala ngokukhuselekileyo nangoko kungenakufikeleleka ngokufuthi bafumana ukujikeleza okulandelayo ukukhululwa ekunyuseni komngcipheko wokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwe-recid.
Ukunganqabiseki Nokunganqabiseki
Umzabalazo wokufumana isondlo esisisiseko uchaphazela uninzi lwabantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili. Ama-9,5 ekhulwini abantu abakhululwe entolongweni baxelwa ukuba abanako ukungonqabiseka kokutya, ngokutsho kweNational Institutes of Health. Eli nani likhulu kakhulu lokungakhuseleki kokutya libonisa iziphumo eziqulunqweyo zokungaqeshwa, imivuzo yomgangatho wobuhlwempu, kunye nokungabi namali yokuxhasa iinkqubo. Xa abantu bengakwazi ukufumana isondlo esaneleyo, amandla abo okuqwalasela kwiinjongo zokufumana ipropati, ukukhangela umsebenzi, ukuhlanganisa, ukudibana nokumiselwa, okanye ukugcina impilo yabo kusengozini enzima.
Impilo Nengqondo Ifuna
Abaninzi ababevalelwe ngaphambili babengena kumazwe abo aneengxaki zempilo eziphawulekayo, kuquka iingxaki ezingapheliyo zomzimba, iingxaki zempilo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Icandelo lezempilo linendima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili ukunyamekela iimfuno zabo zempilo. Ukufumana inkxaso yempilo kunye nemeko yempilo engcono kusenokukhokelela ekuphuculeni amathuba omsebenzi, emakhaya, nenkxaso yentsapho. Ngaphandle kokufumana unyango olufanelekileyo, ezi meko zempilo zinokuba ngumqobo ongakumbi ekuphuculeni unyango.
Indima Yemigaqo-nkqubo Yentlalo Exhasa Ukubuyiselwa
Imigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo inika umnatha wokhuseleko onokunceda abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili babuyele kwibutho labantu. Ezi nkqubo zinika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncedo olulungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko ngelixa abantu besebenzela ukwaneliseka. Ukuqonda indlela ezi migaqo esebenza ngayo kwaye abanokufikelela kuzo kubaluleke kakhulu ukwandisa impembelelo yabo kwiziphumo zokubuya umva.
Inkqubo yoncedo lokutya eyongezelelweyo (SNAP)
ISNAP, eyayisaziwa njengezitembu zokutya, imela enye yeenkqubo zoncedo olufikelelekayo kubantu ababebanjelwe. Inkoliso yeentsapho nabantu abahlangabezana nemigaqo yengeniso yenkqubo bafanelekela iSomeral Nutrition Application Program. Le nkqubo inika iinzuzo nyanga zonke ezinokusetyenziswa ukuthenga ukutya kubathengisi abagunyazisiweyo, ukunceda ukucombulula ukunganqabiseki okuchaphazela ukungonqabiseki okugqithisileyo kwabantu abaninzi ababevalelwe entolongweni.
Ngonyaka wama-2026, umgca wobuhlwempu osetyenziselwa ukubala i-SNAP iinzuzo ze-SNAP ngu-R2,221 ngenyanga kwintsapho enamalungu amathathu. Ngalo ndlela, i- 130 ekhulwini leminxeba yobuhlwempu yentsapho ethathu yi $4,88 ngenyanga, okanye malunga nama-R34,656 ngonyaka. Umlinganiselo wengenelo kumntu ngamnye ngonyaka wama-2026 uza kuba ngu-R38 ngenyanga okanye i-$6.17 ngosuku. Ngoxa ezi nzuzo zithoba-xhaphazekile, zingenza umahluko omkhulu kubantu abazama ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezisisiseko zokutya.
Okubalulekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-SNAP akuthintelwanga ngokuzenzekelayo yirekhodi yolwaphulo-mthetho kumaphondo amaninzi. Noko ke, amanye amazwe abeka abantu phantsi kwemiqathango enxulumene neziyobisi kwimiqathango okanye ukuvalwa komqathango wokutya phantsi kwe-SNAP. Oku kwaqala ngo-1996 phantsi koMthetho wobutyala bobuqu noMbutho woLungisano (PRWORA). Isenzo sinyanzela ukuvalwa kobomi bonke kweSNAP kunye ne-TTANF kwabo banetyala eliphambili leziyobisi, nokuba bagqibe ixesha labo kwintolongo okanye bafumana isigwebo esilula ngenxa yemeko engaphazamisi-mthetho. Amazwe amaninzi aye akhetha okanye aguqula oku, eqaphela ukuphumelela kwayo kwimpumelelo.
Uncedo Lokwexeshana Kwiintsapho Ezisweleyo (TanF)
Uncedo lwexeshana lweentsapho ezifuna inkxaso-mali (TANF) luyinkqubo exhaswa ngurhulumente, eqhutywa ngurhulumente enika uncedo lwemali kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi kunye nabantwana. NGUNF uncedo lwemali lufumaneka kuphela kwiintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi kakhulu. Ingeniso yemigangatho yahluka-hluka kakhulu kwiimeko ezithile kodwa isezantsi kakhulu; umgcini-lwazi ufumana ii-42,92 ngenyanga intsapho yabathathu engenangeniso.
Njenge-SNAP, ukukwazi ukuchaphazeleka kusenokuchaphazeleka lukholo lweziyobisi olunxulumene neziyobisi kwamanye amazwe. Amazwana amaninzi akwanikela uqeqesho lomsebenzi kwaye ancede ngentlawulo yemisebenzi enxulumene nemfundo enxulumene neenkqubo ze-TTANF, enika amathuba aluncedo okuphuhlisa ubuchule obunokuphucula amathemba omsebenzi wexesha elide. Urhulumente ngamnye okanye umhlaba wesizwe uneemfuno zawo zokuba afumane i-TANF. Kufuneka ube ngummi welizwe osebenza kulo.
Imvume yokufumana inkxaso-mali kunye nonyango
IMedicaid yeyona nkqubo ye-inshorensi yempilo kawonke-wonke yelizwe, ukugubungela utyelelo lukagqirha, ukuhlala esibhedlele, ukunyanyekelwa ixesha elide, iinkonzo zokukhusela, kunye namayeza kagqirha kubantu abafumana imali encinane kunye neentsapho. Ukufumana unyango oluncinane ngeMedicaid kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu ababevalelwe entolongweni, abaninzi babo abaye bafumana iimeko zempilo ezinganyangwanga okanye iimfuno eziqhubekayo zempilo.
Ngaphantsi koMthetho we-Affordible Care Act, uninzi lwamazwe lwandisa i-Medicaid enziwa ngokugquma phantse bonke abantu abadala abafumana ingeniso yekhaya ukuya kutsho ku-88% yepesenti yomgangatho wobuhlwempu obumanyeneyo. Olu lwando luphucule ngokuphawulekayo ukufikelela kwempilo kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi, kuquka abo bangenayo emva kokubanjwa. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iingenelo, akufuneka ulahlekelwe ziinzuzo zakho zeMedicaid ngenxa yokuba uvalelwe, nangona iingenelo zisenokubekwa ngexesha lokubanjwa kwaye kufuneka zibuyiselwe ekukhululweni kwakho.
Iinkqubo zoncedo lwezindlu
Ukufikelela kwizindlu ezinokufikeleleka ngeenkqubo zikarhulumente ezifana neNdlu yokuHlawula (Indawo Yokuhlala 8) kunye nezindlu zikawonke-wonke zingabaluleka abantu ababebanjelwe. Noko ke, ezi nkqubo ziye zanikela imiqobo ebalulekileyo ngokwembali. Ukongeza kokunqongophala kwemali yesizwe elinganayo, ezizigidi ezisi-7,3 ezinokufumaneka kwiikhaya ezifumana imali encinane, ukuvalelwa okanye ukuvalelwa kwengxelo ekhoyo kubangela umqobo owongezelekayo wokufumana izindlu ezifikelelekayo, ezifikelelekayo.
ISebe leNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu kunye noPhuhliso lweU.S. linikezele isikhokelo ngokuchasene nolu hlobo lovavanyo lweenkqubo zezindlu ze-HUD-sposor, kwaye unobhala uMarcia Fidge ukhuphe umsebenzi ngo-2022 ukuqhuba uhlolo lwemigaqo ukunciphisa impembelelo yokuxilongwa. Kodwa amanye amagunya ezindlu zikawonke-wonke kunye necandelo labucala ayaqhubeka noqheliselo, olunokuthi lungangenisellunise abantu ekufumaneni izindlu. Imigudu yakutshanje iye yagxininisa ekunciphiseni le miqobo nasekukhuliseni amathuba ezindlu kubantu abakhe bagqunywa.
Impembelelo Yenkxaso Yentlalo - ntle Ekubuyiselweni Kwenkululeko Nempumelelo Yokungena
Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba ukufikelela kwintlalo-ntle kuphucula iziphumo zokubuyela kwimo yobomi kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okubuyiselwa kwakhona. Ezi nkqubo zinika okungaphezulu kunenkxaso yezinto eziphathekayo, zinika ukuzinza nethemba ngexesha lotshintsho olunzima.
Ukuncitshiswa kokuncitshiswa
Unxulumano phakathi kwenkxaso yentlalo-ntle kunye nokuncitshiswa kokhuseleko lubhalwe kakuhle. Uhlolisiso lweSikolo soMthetho saseHarvard lwafumanisa ukuba ukufikelela kwi-SNAP kunye ne-TANF ngokuphawulekayo kwanciphisa ubungozi bomntu bokubuyiselwa ngokuphindwe kayi 10 ekhulwini ngonyaka omnye. Oku kuncitshiswa kokhuseleko lokuphinda kumela iziphumo eziphuculiweyo abantu kodwa kwanexabiso elithe kratya lenkqubo yezobulungisa kunye nebutho labantu njengeli liphela.
Obunye ubungqina buvela kuphando olucacileyo lukarhulumente. IYunivesithi yaseMaryland yagqiba kwelokuba abathengisi beziyobisi eFlorida abavalwe umlomo kwiSNAP ziingongoma ezi-9,5 zeepesenti ezinokwenzeka ukuba babuyele entolongweni kunabathengisi beziyobisi ababenza amatyala abo ngaphambi kokuvalwa komsebenzi babe nesiphumo kwaye ngoko ke babekufanelekele ukuncedwa. Oku kufunyanwa kubonisa kakuhle indlela ukukhanyela intlalo-ntle enokuba nokwandisa ngayo ubuGawulamzi, ukucuphi obubangela ukuba abantu bakhuseleke kunokuba baphelise ukhuseleko lwabo.
Amanani anwebekileyo e-Recivism agxininisa ukubaluleka kwenkxaso esebenzayo. I-Bureau of Justice Statistics inikela ingxelo yokuba amabanjwa angaphezulu kweekota ezintathu akhululwa kwiminyaka emihlanu. Kufutshane "68% ...... [waphinda wabanjwa] kwiminyaka emithathu, 79% kwiminyaka emithandathu, kunye nama- 83% akwiminyaka elithoba. La manani aphezulu e-Reciviism abalaselisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yenkxaso ecacileyo ethetha ngemiqobo yemiqobo ekwimpumelelo.
Ukukhuthaza ukumanyana kwezoqoqosho nokuzinceda
Iingenelo zezentlalo zinika isiseko apho abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili benokwakha khona ukuze bafumane inkululeko yezoqoqosho. Ukuvalwa kokuvalwa kokhuseleko lwenkxaso kunciphisa ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo kubantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili, abahlawulwa kakhulu kwaye abajongene nomlinganiselo ophezulu wokungaqeshwa ngenxa yocalucalulo olufana nokuqeshwa. Ngokuhlanganisa iimfuno ezisisiseko zokutya, ukunyamekela impilo, kunye nezindlu, ezi nkqubo zivumela abantu ukuba basebenzise amandla abo ekufuneni umsebenzi, ukuphuhlisa ubuchule, kunye neminye imisebenzi ekhuthaza ukunenzakala okude.
Imingeni yezoqoqosho abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili bangamanqam. 27.3 ekhulwini labantu abanobugxwayiba abasebenzi njengokuba amanani abantu abaqeshwayo bengaphantsi kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuba ama-76 ekhulwini abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili achaza ukufumana umsebenzi njengonzima kakhulu okanye "ophantse ukuba angabikho". Kule meko, intlalo-ntle isebenza njengebhulorho ebalulekileyo, inika inkxaso ngexesha elide lokukhusela umsebenzi ozinzileyo.
Ukuphucula Impilo Nokuhlala Uphilile
Ukufumana unyango ngoMedicaid nokufumana ukutya okwaneleyo nge-SNAP kufak ’ isandla ngokuphawulekayo kwiziphumo zempilo eziphucukileyo kubantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili. Impilo engcono, ngokunjalo, inyusa amandla okufuna nokugcina umsebenzi, ukubandakanyeka nentsapho kunye noluntu, kwaye iphephe isimilo esinokuthi sibangele ukuphinda iphinde ifumaneke. Ukubuyela kwimo-moya ephumelelayo kufuna ungenelelo kwimpilo (kuquka impilo yomzimba, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye nempilo yengqondo), umsebenzi okanye ukuphuhliswa kobuchule, kunye nezindlu (kuquka nemisebenzi eluncedo).
Ukudityaniswa kwempilo, umsebenzi, kunye nendawo yokuhlala njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokubuyela kudinga ukuqulunqwa ngeqhinga ngokuphathelele inkqubo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo. Iinkqubo zentlalo-ntle ezithetha ngezi ntswelo zidibeneyo zinokwenzeka kakhulu ekuvezeni iziphumo eziluncedo kunezo zijolise kwintlukwano enye kuphela.
Ukuzinziswa kwezindlu ezixhasweyo
Ulwalamano phakathi kwezindlu nokungena kwakhona okunempumelelo lunamandla. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ingeniso inegalelo elikhuselayo ekuzinziseni kwezindlu. Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili ababengenazindlu ezizinzileyo basenokubuyiselwa kwindlu entsha yaye ukufumana izindlu ezizinzileyo kwiiveki zokuqala neenyanga zasemva kokuvalelwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukuphinde uphinde uphinde uhlale.
Izindlu ezikhuselekileyo nezinokufikeleleka zisebenza njengesixhobo sokukhusela ngokususa ukufunwa kwezindlu njengemfuneko yokuqala kwaye ngoko ke zinika imvume yokufikelela kwezinye iinkonzo ezifunekayo. Ukuba izindlu zisisiciko esikhuselayo esinciphisa ukuphinda kuncitshiswe, ngoko ke indlu iyinxalenye yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Le mbono ibuyisela uncedo lwezindlu kungekhona njengengenelo yoncedo kodwa njengengeniso yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke enezingeniso ezinokuhlawulelwa.
Izithintelo Zokufikelela Iingenelo Zentlalo
Nangona iinkqubo zokunyamekela abantu ezazibanjelwe ngaphambili ziluncedo, imiqobo emininzi ibangela ukuba abaninzi bangafumani nkxaso abayifunayo.
Imiqathango Nemiqathango Esemthethweni
Owona mqobo ubalulekileyo kwabanye ababevalelwe ngaphambili ngumthetho owelela ngokungqalileyo ekufumaneni iingenelo. Abantu abanolwaphulo-mthetho, abavalelwe okanye abangevalwanga, basoloko bejamelene "neziphumo eziqhelekileyo," ezithi zibe yimiqobo ebalulekileyo ebekwe phezu kwezigwebo zabo ezinokuthi zisuswe ukusuka ekulahlweni komsebenzi ukuya ekuphulukaneni namalungelo okuvota. Iziyobisi ezivalwe ngokusemthethweni kwiSNAP kunye neTTANF zimela enye yeziphumo eziphambili zezi ziphumo zibalulekileyo.
Ngelixesha amazwe amaninzi eguqule okanye ewucimile lo mqathango, uhlala usebenza kwezinye iindawo, ukudala umsebenzi odityanisiweyo wemithetho elungele ukusetyenziswa kulo lonke ilizwe. Ibonisa ukuba ngowaphi amazwana anokuvalwa kobuntlalo-ntle ubomi bawo bonke kubantu abaneenkolelo ezithile zeziyobisi, nto leyo enokubaluleka ukuqwalasela ukuba ucinga ngokufudukela kwimeko eyahlukileyo. Olu tshintsho kwimigaqo-siseko yorhulumente lungadala ukudideka nokungalungisi, nabantu abafanayo abajongene nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yenkxaso exhomekeke kwindawo abahlala kuyo.
Ucelomngeni Lolawulo Neemfuno Zokwenza Uxwebhu
Kwanaxa bekufanelekele ukungenelwa, abantu ababevalelwe entolongweni badla ngokujamelana nocelomngeni olusebenzisekayo ekufuneni uncedo okanye ekufumaneni uncedo. Abaninzi abanazo iingxelo ezifunekayo ukuze bangqine ukuba bangoobani, bahlala phi, okanye bafumane ingeniso.
ISebe leeNkonzo zeNtlalo liza kusebenzisa isiqinisekiso sobuzwe sokuqinisekisa nabani na ocela uncedo. Uyakwaliwa kunye nolunye uncedo lwemali, i-SSI, i-SSDI, izindlu zikawonke-wonke kunye ne-SNAP (Ukudla Okukhampa) ukuba: Ukuba unemvume evulekileyo yokophula imeko yakho yokuvavanywa okanye i-parole, okanye ufunyaniswe ukuba uyabaleka ngokukhutheleyo ukuphepha ukutshutshiswa ngenxa yetyala. Le miqathango ingenza imiqobo eyongezelelekileyo kubantu abanokuba neengxaki zobuchule okanye ulawulo lwabo.
Ukunqongophala kolwazi nokwazi
Abaninzi ababevalelwe entolongweni ngaphambili abayazi iingenelo abanokuba nazo okanye indlela yokufikelela kuzo. Ukuceba ukubuyiselwa kwizakhiwo zokulungisa ngokufuthi akuyi kungenelwa ngokwaneleyo ekubhaliseni, kwaye imibutho esekelwe ekuhlaleni isenokuswela ubuncwane bokunikela uncedo olupheleleyo. Lo msantsa wenkcazelo uthetha ukuba abantu abafanelekileyo basenokungena nkxaso ingakumbi kuba nje bengazazi iinkqubo ezikhoyo.
Ukungakhathalelwa Nocalucalulo
Ngaphandle kwemiqobo, abantu ababebanjelwe badla ngokujongwa njengehlazo nekhethe xa befuna uncedo, oku kunokubonakala ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuthabathela ekubeni ngabagwebi abasebenza ematyaleni, kuse kwimigaqo elawula abantu abacela uncedo ngezaphuli - mthetho yaye ibenza bangabathembi.
Iinkqubo ezitsha nezona ndlela zibalaseleyo
Kulo lonke ilizwe, iinkqubo ezitsha zibonisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuxhasa abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili ngeenkqubo zentlalo-ntle neenkonzo ezixhasayo. Le mizekelo inikela izifundo ezixabisekileyo zokwandisa nokuphucula iinkqubo zokuxhasa ukubuyela phambili.
Iinkqubo zokubuyiselwa ezidityanisiweyo
Iinkqubo zokungena eziphumeleleyo zithatha indlela yokulungisa intolongo, zilungisa iimfuno ezininzi ngexesha elinye kunokunyanga izindlu, umsebenzi, unyango, nezinye iinkxaso njengemiba eyahlukeneyo. Iprojekthi yokuQhagamshelana kwakhona, inkqubo yokungena kwakhona eSt Louis, Missouri, yachaza abathathi-nxaxheba ngaphambi kokukhululwa entolongweni kwaye yanika abalawuli betyala iinyanga ezintandathu kunye nee-$3,000 zoncedo lwemali oluthe ngqo ukuze zisetyenziswe ngabathathi-nxaxheba. Malunga nama-6% abathathi-nxaxheba basebenzisa imali yokuqesha. Le ndlela ingungela kwakhona ivumela abantu ukuba bathethe ngezona ndlela zinzima zifuna inkxaso nesikhokelo eqhubekayo.
Ukucwangcisa ngaphambi kokuzalwa nokubhalisa
Iinkqubo eziqala ukusebenza nabantu phambi kokuba bakhululwe ekuvalweni zibonisa iziphumo ezinika ithemba ngokukhethekileyo. Ngokuqalisa iziphumo ezinika uncedo, ukukhusela izindlu, nokudibanisa abantu ngeenkonzo ngexesha besevalelwe, ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa utshintsho oluhle kwaye zinciphisa ixesha lobungozi ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhululwa. Olu cwangciso lwangaphambi kokukhululwa lungaquka ukubhalisa abantu eMedicaid, ukubanceda bafumane amaxwebhu okuzichaza, kunye nokubadibanisa nabasebenzi benkonzo abasekelwe eluntwini.
IiNkonzo zoMsebenzi noMqeshwa
Iinkqubo zentlalo-ntle eziquka ukuqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa okuqinileyo zinceda abantu ukuba baqhubeke ngokukhawuleza benokukwazi ukuzinceda. Inkqubo yoqeqesho (SNAP E&T) inokukunceda ufeze iinjongo zakho zomsebenzi ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezijoliswe kwimfuno zakho nakwizinto ozithandayo kunye neemfuno. Inkqubo yocwangciso ingokuzithandela ngokupheleleyo, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana iimbuyekezo zokuhlawula izinto zokuhamba ezifanelekileyo, ukunyamekela abantwana, kunye nezinye iindleko ezinxulumene nokuthabatha inxaxheba. Umgangatho we-Loander fraps uyakwazi ukufikelela abathathi-nxaxheba. Udweliso lwe-Msebenzi (TEP) unika abaqeqeshisi bemfundo kwimfundo nangeenjongo zomsebenzi, ukhuthaza abazali ukuba babe neenjongo zabo zomntwana (n) kunye neentsapho, kunye nokunxibelelana nezibonelelo lwenkonzo ezinokukunceda ukuze ufikelele ezo zinto.
Izakhiwo ezitshintshiweyo nenkxaso
Iinkqubo zezindlu ezitshintshileyo nezixhasayo zinika abantu ithuba lokufumana izindlu ezinokuhlalwa ngazo nyanga ezininzi ukuba abanayo intsapho okanye ezinye izibonelelo zezindlu. Ezi nkqubo zidityaniswe izindlu ezinokufikeleleka kunye neenkonzo ezixhasayo ezifana nolawulo lwemeko, unyango lwengqondo, ukucetyiswa ngeziyobisi, kunye noncedo lwemisebenzi. Ngokulungisa izindlu kunye neenkonzo, ezi nkqubo zidala isiseko esizinzileyo sokuzinza kwempumelelo yokungena.
Abathathi - nxaxheba Abasebenzisa Ithuba Elifanelekileyo
Ukuvalwa kwebhokisi kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zokuqesha ezifanelekileyo kunceda ukucutha ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi kubantu ababebanjelwe. Le nkqubo inciphisa ukuxilonga imvelaphi yolwaphulo-mthetho de kamva kwinkqubo yokuqeshwa, iqinisekisa ukuba abafaki-zicelo bavavanywa ngokusekelwe kwiimfaneleko zabo kunokuba bakhutshwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yembali yabo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuphucula amanyathelo okufumana umsebenzi, la manyathelo axhasa intlalo-ntle nokunceda abantu bafumane inkululeko yezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza.
Umthetho wesibini wethuba neNkxaso
Umthetho wesiZwe uphumeze indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni imigudu yokubuyiselwa kwabantu nasekuvuselelweni kongenelelo kwiinkonzo zabantu ababebanje ukuvalelwa. UMthetho weSecond Chance, oqale wadluliselwa ngo-2008 kwaye waphinda wagunyaziswa izihlandlo ezininzi, unika inkxaso karhulumente yokuxhasa iinkqubo zokubuyiselwa kwemali kulo lonke ilizwe. Ezi zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezininzi, kuquka uncedo lwemisebenzi, unyango lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, inkxaso yezindlu, kunye neenkqubo zokwandiswa kwentsapho.
UMongameli Biden wavakalisa u-Aprili njengeNyezo yesibini yeCan Month ngoMatshi 31, 2022, eqinisekisa "ukubaluleka kokunceda abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili kwibutho labangenayo". Oku kunconywa kwesizwe kunceda uphakamiso malunga neengxaki zokubuyiselwa komsebenzi wobudlelane nokukhuthaza inkxaso yotshintsho lwenkqubo kunye nolwandiso lwenkqubo. Ukhokelo lomanyano kulo mmandla lukhuthaze amazwe neendawo ukuhlolisisa imigaqo yawo kunye nokuphawula amathuba okunciphisa imiqobo ukuze iphumelele ekungeneni kwakhona.
Uguqu-guquko lomgaqo-nkqubo welixa likaRhulumente kunye noTshintsho
Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ephathelele ukufaneleka komgangatho wobulunga kubantu ababebanjelwe iyahluka-hluka ngokuphawulekayo, idala iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhasa kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo-ntlobo kubalulekile kubenzi bezomthetho nabantu abaqhuba inkqubo yokungena kwakhona.
Utshintsho Olunokucingwa Ngokuvalwa Kweziyobisi
Amaphondo amaninzi aye aqonda ukuba ukuvalwa kweziyobisi akunaziphumelelo kwaye aye athabatha amanyathelo okuziguqula okanye okuziphelisa. Amanye amaphondo aye akhetha ngokupheleleyo ukuyeka ukuvalwa komsebenzi, lo gama amanye eye enza utshintsho olungacacisi, njengokufuna ukuba nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zonyango okanye ukuvalwa komsebenzi kwiintlobo ezithile zeziyobisi. Ngexesha iNew York ingathabathi nxaxheba "kuvalwa komsebenzi wokwaliwa kweziyobisi" kubantu abagwetyelwe amatyala, ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lingachaphazela intlawulo lwakho lukawonke-wonke.
Ukujikajika okusekelwe ekuthandekeni
Amazwe anokunikeza udweliso lwenkqubo lwe-SNAP phantsi kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo (eyaziwa njengendlela ebanzi esekelwe kumgangatho obanzi), kuquka ukususwa kovavanyo lwempahla kunye nomlinganiselo wengeniso eninzi ye-FPL. Oku kuvela kubuchule besizwe ukugqiba ukuba ziziphi iinzuzo ezinokwenziwa nguTTANF eziphembelelayo kwaye abanokuzifumana. Oku kubhexexexexezeko kuvumela ukuba kwandiswe unikezelo kuSNPA ukwenzela abantu abafumana imali ephantsi, kuquka abo bangena kwibutho labantu emva kokubanjwa.
Ulwando Nendawo Yokungena
Amatyala athe andisa iMedicaid phantsi koMthetho weAffordal Care Act anika ukufumaneka okungcono kakhulu konyango kubantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili. Kumaphondo, inkoliso yabantu ababebanjelwe kwingeniso ephantsi, bafanelekela ukugqithiselwa ngokwempilo, kuquka iinkonzo zonyango lwengqondo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Kumazwe angeyoyompawu, abaninzi ababevalelwe ngaphambili bangena emgceni wokuyithelekelela, befumana kakhulu ukuba bafaneleke kwi-Medicaid kodwa bengenamali eninzi kakhulu yokufumana i-inshorensi.
Indima Yemfundo Ekungeneni Kwakhona Okuphumelelayo
Imfundo ingumatshini onamandla wokunciphisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-ivocition kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zexesha elide kubantu ababebanjelwe. Kuhlolisiso lwaseburhulumenteni lwabantu abakhululwe kwiintolongo, ama- 94 ekhulwini abantu abadala abavalelweyo bachaza imfundo njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo efunekayo. I-37 ekhulwini labantu abakwiintolongo zikarhulumente abanayo idiploma okanye i-GED, kwaye 86 pesenti ayinayo imfundo yasemva kwesekondali. Imfundo yimali engundoqo ekulungiseleleni, kwaye isisixhobo esisekelwe kubungqina bokunciphisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-nciphithi ye-nciphithi ye-ncictiveism phakathi kwabantu abadala nabaselula.
Impembelelo yemfundo yokufuna ukuphinda i-nciphe ingumphumo ophawulekayo. Uphando lweRAND Corporation lwemfundo yokulungisa lufumanise ukuba, ngokomlinganiselo, abantu abavalelwe entolongweni ababenenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho babengenamathuba ama-43 eephesenti okuphinda baphinde bakhethe kunabanye abangazange bafumane. Utyalo-mali enye kwimfundo yasentolongweni luguqulela kwiindleko ezintathu zemali ehlawulweyo kwiminyaka yokuqala edlulileyo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-meta-analyse okusuka kwiRAND Corporation kubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo ophakathi wama-70%-80% wokuphinda aphinde adibane uhla ukuya kuma-50% xa umntu egqiba isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo xa evalelwe, kwaye elo nani lithoba ukuya kwi-13.7% kumgangatho onxulumanisiweyo, 5.6% ngeqondo leqonga, kwaye phantsi ku-0% kubantu abafumana umgangatho ophezulu. Ezi ngxelo zibonakalisa ngamandla ukuguquka kwamathuba emfundo.
Ukubuyiselwa kwabafundi kuPell Grants kubafundi ababevalelwe entolongweni kwasusa umqobo omnye onzima kwaye kunamandla okuvelisa amathuba angakumbi okuba abantu bafumane imfundo yasemva kwesekondari njengeekholeji kunye neeyunivesithi ukuze bafumane imvume yokunika iinkqubo zemfundo ephakamileyo kwimfundo yesibini ephezulu kwimiqathango yokulungisa. Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwamathuba emfundo, ngexesha lokuvalelwa nasemva kokukhululwa, kumela ungeniso olubalulekileyo kwimpumelelo.
Ukuthetha Ngokwahlukahlukana Kobuhlanga Ekungahlalini Nakungeneni
Nayiphi na ingxubusho yemigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo-ntle kunye nokungena kwakhona kufuneka kuvume ukwahluka okunzulu kweentlanga kwinkqubo yobulungisa. Iintlanga nezizwe ezincinane zimelwe ngokungenakulinganiswa kwinkqubo yokulungisa, kwaye iindawo ezinjalo ezibandakanyekileyo zimele impembelelo embi kakhulu empilweni nasempilweni nentlalo-ntle yala maqela kunye neentsapho zawo. Abantu abamnyama nabakwi-Latinx bavalelwa izihlandlo ezihlanu kunye nezihlandlo eziphindwe kanye kunye nezihlandlo ezithathu inani labantu abamhlophe, ngokulandelelana.
Ezi zahluka-hlukeneyo kwinani lokuvalelwa kuthetha ukuba uluntu lwemibala luthwala umthwalo ongathethekiyo wocelomngeni olunxulumene nokungena kwakhona. Abantu abamnyama nabamdaka bamelwe ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto phakathi kwabemi abangenamakhaya, kwanaphakathi kwabo babevalelwe ngaphambili. Imigaqo yentlalo-ntle esebenzayo mayiyilwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngokunengqiqo kwezi zahlulo-calucalulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkxaso ifikelela kuluntu oluchaphazeleke kakhulu ngokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi.
Ukudibana Kwempilo Yengqondo, Ukusetyenziswa Kwayo Kancinane Nokungena
Impilo yengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuxhaphakile phakathi kwabantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili kwaye kunegalelo elikhulu ekungeneni kwabo. Phakathi kwabo bagula ngengqondo, bangaphezulu kunabantu abangenamakhaya nabangenamakhaya. Ngaphezu kwe-10% kwabo bangenayo okanye baphuma kwiintolongo nasezintolongweni bachazwa ukuba abanamakhaya kwiinyanga ezingaphambi kokuba babanjwa, yaye abo bagula ngengqondo bamalunga nama-20%.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo equka ukusetyenziswa kwempilo, kuquka unyango lwengqondo kunye nolokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ibalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezi ntswelo. Ukufumana unyango kunganceda abantu bakwazi ukulawula iimeko zabo, banciphise ingozi yokubuyela kwimiba okanye iingxaki, kwaye baphucule ukusebenza kwabo nomgangatho wobomi. Iinkqubo ezidibanisa iinkonzo zempilo kunye nezinye iziphumo ezixhasa ukutsha zibonisa iziphumo ezinamandla.
Umanyano Nenkxaso Yentsapho
Utshintsho aluchaphazeli nje abantu ngabanye kodwa neentsapho zabo nabantwana babo. Iinkqubo zezentlalo-ntle zingenza indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ukuhlanganiswa kwentsapho nokuzinza emva kokukhululwa. Ngokomzekelo, iinzuzo ze-TANF, zinokubanceda abazali ababevalelwe ukuba banike abantwana babo inkxaso yelungelo lokugcina inzala. Uncedo lwendlu lungenza iintsapho zihlale kunye kunokuba zahlukaniswe ngenxa yemiqathango okanye ukungazinzi.
Uphando lubonise ukuba ukuphinda ungenele abantu abakwaziyo ukukhusela izindlu ngonxulumano lwentsapho kunezi ziphumo ezingcono zokubuyiselwa, ezibonisa ukuba imiqobo yokuphumelela ekubuyeleni ifuna ukungenelela okunamandla kwezindlu kwabo bangenankxaso yentsapho. Ukuxhasa unxulumano kunye nokuphinda kuququzelelwe kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili ekucebeni ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yokuphucula impilo-ntle.
Ucelomngeni Lwangoku Nemiqobo Eqhubekayo
Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela kwezinye iindawo, kusekho iingxaki eziphawulekayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imigaqo yentlalontle iyabaxhasa ngokunempumelelo abantu ababevalelwe entolongweni.
Ukuzingisa Nesimo Sengqondo Sikawonke - wonke
Isimo sengqondo sikawonke wonke kubantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili siyaqhubeka sizisa imiqobo ekuphumeleleni ekungeneleni ungenelelo. IStigma ayichaphazeli nje kuphela imisebenzi namathuba okuhlala kodwa ikwanenkxaso yezopolitiko kwiinkqubo zentlalo-ntle ezinceda aba bantu. Ukoyisa ezi zimo zengqondo kufuna imfundo eqhubekayo kunye nokukhuthala koncedo loluntu lokuqonda iinzuzo zokuxhasa ukubuyela ngokunempumelelo.
Ukunganeliswa kweNgxowa-mali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo
Iinkqubo ezininzi zongeniso neenkonzo ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali elinganiselweyo yaye azinakukwazi ukulungiselela bonke abantu abafanelekileyo. Ukulinda uluhlu lwezindlu ezitshintshiweyo, iinkqubo zonyango, nezinye iinkonzo kuthetha ukuba abanye abantu ababevalelwe entolongweni abanakukwazi ukufumana inkxaso xa befuna okona kuninzi.
Ucelomngeni lokulungelelanisa iintsapho namalungu angaphandle
Inkxaso esebenzayo yokungena ifuna ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo ezininzi ngezantsi, ukulungiswa kwempilo, ikhefu, iinkonzo zemisebenzi, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Nangona zisekhoyo ezi zibonelelo, iimfuno zabahlali abangenamakhaya zingaphazamisa izakhiwo kunye neengcali zokulungisa. Ukuphucula unxulumano phakathi kwezi nkqubo kuselucelomngeni oluqhubekayo olufuna umgudu nobuncwane bokuzinikela.
Umahluko wemo-zulu kwiinkonzo
Ukufumaneka nomgangatho weenkonzo zokungena zahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokwendawo. Iingingqi zaselunxwemeni zinokuba nabanikezi benkonzo abangakumbi kodwa zisenokhuphiswano oluphezulu lwezindlu nokhuphiswano oluphezulu lwemithombo yobuncwane. Iingingqi zasemaphandleni zinokuba neendleko eziphantsi kodwa zimbalwa iinkonzo kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Ezi ndawo zokwahluka-hlukene komhlaba kuthetha ukuba impumelelo yokubuyela kwenye indawo ingaxhomekeka ngokuphawulekayo kwindawo umntu akhululwe kuyo.
Imigaqo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yexesha elizayo
Xa lusakhela kulwazi lwangoku nakwezona ndlela zifanelekileyo, ulwalathiso oluphambili oluninzi lwenkqubo lunokuyiphucula ngokuphawulekayo inkxaso yentlalo - ntle kubantu ababebanjelwe ngaphambili luze luphucule imiphumo yokubuyela eburhulumenteni.
Ukuphelisa Imiqathango Nemiqathango Engokweengcamango
Onke amaphondo kufuneka aphelise ukuvalwa komsebenzi wobomi bonke kwi-SNAP kunye ne-TANF kubantu abanobufundakalisi beziyobisi. Ezi nkqubo zingenza umahluko phakathi kobunzima kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemiqathango kubantu abanolwazi. Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abaqeshwayo okanye bahlawulwa kancinci, abantu ababandakanyekileyo kumthetho wobulungisa basoloko befuna uncedo olufutshane kwi-TANF kunye ne-SNAP ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezisisiseko. Ukususa le miqathango ingummiselo kungakwandisa ukufikelela komdla wenkxaso engundoqo nokuphucula iziphumo zokungena kwingxaki.
Ukubonelela nganeno koMgaqo-nkqubo
Imimandla neendawo kufuneka zizalisekise ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo lwangaphambi kokukhutshwa oluquka ukungenelwa ekubhaliseni, ekufumaneni amaxwebhu, kunye nonxulumano kwiinkonzo zoluntu. Ukuqalisa le nkqubo ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe kuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kwenkxaso kwaye kunciphisa ixesha elisemngciphekweni emva kokukhululwa xa umntu esengozini ephezulu yokungabi namakhaya, ukuchachanabeka kwempilo, okanye ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwe-carceration.
Ukwanda Kwemali Ebekwa Kwizindlu Ezitshintshiweyo
Ngaphandle kwezisombululo zezindlu ezaneleyo, kunzima kakhulu ukuphinda ungenele abantu ngabanye ukuze baphumelele kwaye baphinde bafumane intlalo entsha, bebonakalisa imfuneko yeenkqubo ezintsha. Ukuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa ngokunempumelelo kwabantu ababuyelayo nokunika ithuba elilinganayo ngexa benyusa ukhuseleko loluntu, oorhulumente kurhulumente, nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni kufuneka baqhube imigaqo-nkqubo yezindlu exhasa iinkqubo zokutshintshela izindlu nokuqinisa ukhuseleko lwabaqeqeshi. Ukwandisa ukufumaneka kwenkqubo yotshintsho nezindlu ezixhasayo kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yokuzinzisa.
Ukuqinisa Inkxaso Yengqesho Nethuba Elifanelekileyo
Ukwandisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwemisebenzi, ukulungiselela ugcino-mali lomsebenzi, nokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqesha elungele ukufunyanwa ngamathuba amahle inganceda ekucombululeni iingxaki zemisebenzi ezinzima ababejamelene nazo abantu abavalelwe. Abenzi-mthetho nabaqeshi banethuba lokuxhasa ukubuyiselwa kwakhona ngempumelelo ngokwenza iinguqulelo kunye nolwandiso kwimigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo neyomsebenzi. Le migudu kufuneka iquke iinguqu zenkqubo nenkxaso engqalileyo kubaqeshi abaqeshi ababesele beboshiwe.
Ukuphucula indlela yokufumana unyango nokulungelelanisa
Onke amaphondo kufuneka andise iMedicaid ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwemali encinane yonyango kubantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili. Iinkonzo zonyango kufuneka zidityaniswe nezinye iinkxaso, ukuqaphela uhlobo oludityanisiweyo lwempilo, indlu, kunye nomsebenzi. Ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nonyango lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, zinikwa ukwanda okuphezulu kwezi meko phakathi kwabantu ababevalelwe.
Uqokelelo logcino-lwazi oluqhubela phambili kunye nohlolo lwenkqubo
Ugcino-lwazi olungcono lweziphumo zokubuyiselwa kwakhona, ubuchule benkqubo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkonzo kuyafuneka ukukhokela izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokwabiwa koovimba. Amazwe neendawo kufuneka zifake ingeniso kwiinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezilandelela abantu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zenkonzo kwaye zilinganise iziphumo zexesha elide ezifana nokuzinza komsebenzi, ukugcinwa kwendlu, kunye nokubuyiselwa komsebenzi. Olu lwazi lunganceda ekuqondeni oko kwenziwayo kunye nalapho kufuneka khona uphuhliso.
Uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo
Abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili kufuneka babandakanyeke ngokunentsingiselo ekuyileni nasekusebenziseni iinkqubo zokulungisa nokulungisa iinkqubo. Amava abo aphilayo anika ingqiqo engenakuthelekiswa nanto yokuba yeyiphi imiqobo ekhoyo, eziphi inkxaso eluncedo kakhulu, nendlela iinkqubo ezinokuphuculwa ngayo. Isebe Lesebe Lendawo Yokugcina Indlu Entle lisebenzisana neinkokeli ezichaphazelekayo ngqo nabanye abaxhasa ukuphelisa ucalucalucalulo ngokuchasene nenkqubo yezomthetho. Iindlela ezifanayo zokusebenzisana kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuzo zonke iinkalo zomgaqo-nkqubo wokusebenza.
Imeko Yezoqoqosho Yokubuyiselwa Okuxhaswayo
Ngaphezu kwemfuneko yokuziphatha yokuxhasa ukubuyiselwa ngempumelelo, kukho ityala elinamandla lezoqoqosho lokutyalisela imigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo-ntle neenkonzo zabantu ababebanjelwe. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali ehlawulelweyo kubiza imali eninzi kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwiindleko ezithe ngqo kunye neendleko ezithe kratya zentlalo-ntle. Xa abantu bephinda bangenelela ngokunempumelelo kwibutho labantu ngemisebenzi, ngerhafu, nangokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo kuhlengahlengiso kuhlengahlengiselwa kwinkqubo yobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho.
Uhlalutyo lwendleko yenkxaso yokungena kwakhona luyanyanzelisa. Iinkqubo ezinciphisa ukugcinwa kwe-Recifism zivelisa imali engaphaya kweendleko zazo. Uphando lubonise ukuba inxulumene nokuncipha kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuphinda kuncitshiswe xa abantu befumana indawo yokuhlala. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zemfundo kunye nemisebenzi zivelisa ukubuya ngexabiso eliphantsi lemali yokugcinwa kunye nemveliso ephezulu yezoqoqosho.
Ukuxhasa intlalo - ntle yabantu ababebanjelwe ezintolongweni asiyonto ifanelekileyo kuphela yokwenza, kwaye kukwayimpumelelo kwezoqoqosho. Oku kutyala imali kuyingenelo kuluntu olukhuselekileyo, iintsapho ezomeleleyo nabemi abanemveliso.
Isiphelo: Ukwakha Inkqubo Yenkxaso Ephumelelayo
Imigaqo-nkqubo yezentlalo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili njengoko bebuyela kutshintsho olunzima kwibutho labantu. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-SNAP, TANF, MEDID, kunye noncedo lwezindlu zinika inkxaso ebalulekileyo efunekayo kwidilesi ezisisiseko, ezikhuthaza uzinzo, kwaye zivelisa amathuba okuphumelela ixesha elide. Ubungqina bubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukufikelela kwezi nzuzo kunciphisa ukupheliswa konyango, kuphucula iziphumo zempilo, kwaye kunceda abantu bafumane ubuchule boqoqosho.
Noko ke, imiqobo ebalulekileyo iyaqhubeka ithintela abantu abaninzi ababevalelwe ekufumaneni inkxaso abayifunayo. Imiqathango yomthetho, imiqathango yolawulo, ukunqongophala kwemali nokuzimela ngokuqhubekayo, konke kuphazamisa ukuphumelela kwemigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo ekukhonzeni aba bantu. Ukulungisa le miqobo kufuna ukuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kubenzi bemithetho, abasebenzi benkonzo, nakuluntu.
Indlela ephambili ibandakanya ukuphelisa imiqathango engaphumeleliyo, ukwandisa amandla enkqubo, ukuphucula ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo, nokusekela amazwi namava abantu ababevalelwe ekuphuhlisweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Ngokuqinisa imigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo-ntle kunye neenkonzo zokuncedisana, singenza inkqubo ephumelelayo yokuxhasa enceda abantu baphinde balungise ubomi babo, yomeleza iintsapho nabantu, yaye iphucula ukhuseleko lwabo bonke abantu.
Bonke abantu baseMerika, kuquka nabo babevalelwe entolongweni ngaphambili nababehlawulele ityala labo kwibutho labantu, bafanele babe nethuba lokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwithuba labo lokuba nempilo entle. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo-ntle ixhasa ngokunempumelelo olu sukelo luyimfuneko kwaye luyimfuneko. Ngotshintsho oluqhubekayo, utyalo-mali, kunye nolwaphulo olutsha, singakha inkqubo yokuxhasa ngokutsha enceda ngokwenene iimfuno zabantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili kwaye ivelise iindlela zokufumana impumelelo, impumelelo kubomi babantu basekuhlaleni.
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